Name index - Cambridge University Pressassets.cambridge.org/97805218/68259/index/9780521868259_index… · Name index 261 Coase, Ronald H., 120 , 129 Cochran, Ian, 130 Connor, Steven,
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Rahel, Shafi e, 13 Raskind, Leo J., 203 Rausch, Stephen, 144 Rayward, W. Boyd, 130 Ready, Richard C., 129 Richards, Greg, 145 Richmond, Yale, 170 Riley, Charles A., 128
95–96 labour market interventions for, 51 moral rights of, 48 multiple job-holding, 80 , 82 new technologies and, 3 output of, 21 professional, 218–220 professional rights of, 49 statistics on, 217–220 support for, 60 , 64 , 66 , 69 , 82–83 tax measures affecting, 77 training of, 45 , 51 work-preference model of, 81
arts as core of the cultural sector, 26 ,
27–28 cultural diversity and, 178 economic importance of, 5 , 61 employment in, 39 festivals, 132 , 133 , 147 , 149 , 156 high/popular, 2 , 58 , 90 in international relations, 167–168 in urban development, 131–132 indirect support for, 73–80 involvement in, 221–222 not-for-profi t fi rms in, 23 participation in, 221–222 policy, 1–2 , 7 , 14–15 , 58–85 policy objectives for, 42–43 public support for, 17–20 , 35–37 ,
climate change, 29 clowns, 179 Club of Rome, 194 Coase Theorem, 120 collecting societies, see copyright Colombia, 139 , 227 communications technologies, see new
110–111 , 185 contract law, 101 Convenio Andrés Bello, 227 Convention on the Protection and
Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions , see Cultural Diversity Convention
copyright, see also intellectual property
as monopoly right, 201 Berne Convention, 199 collecting societies and, 203–207 droit de suite, 202 economic basis of, 200–203 employers and, 202 encryption, 208 fair dealing, 202 GATS and, 209 in cultural goods, 16 in cultural industries, 91 in government administration, 29 in economic development, 210–211 international regulation of,
209–210 law, 36 , 48 , 101 , 201 moral rights and, 203–212 neighbouring rights and, 202 new technologies and, 208–209 origins of, 209 piracy and, 208–209 resale royalty, 202 Rome Convention on, 209 TRIPs and, 210 Universal Copyright Convention
on, 209 watermarking and, 208
cost disease, 69 cost-benefi t analysis
in education, 182 , 183 , 186 in heritage, 108 , 115–117
incomes of, 53 minimum wages for, 51 movement of, 95–96 training of, 29 , 45
creative writing, 29 creativity
artistic, 91 and cultural diversity, 174 defi nition of, 6 , 15–16 in creative clusters, 132 , 137–138 in creative industries, 90 , 97 in education, 185 in new economy, 88 , 103 , 187–188 statistics for, 226
crowding-in, 75 crowding-out, 75 cultural capital
as heritage, 106–128 defi nition of, 107 diversity and, 171–173 in cities, 132–135 in sustainable development, 195 protection of, 162–163 tourism and, 151 valuation of, 222–223
cultural content, 26 , 29 , 33 , 91–93 cultural diplomacy, 166–168 cultural districts, 134 , 138 Cultural Diversity Convention
adoption of, 176 and cultural trade, 161–165 and new policy framework, 234 origins of, 175–176 , 192 policy implications of, 44 ,
177–180 , 225 sustainability and, 194–196
cultural diversity, see also Cultural Diversity Convention, 171–180
and social policy, 29 as public good, 172 as source of cultural value, 43–44 between countries, 174 defi nition of, 174 , 177 heritage and, 114 in new policy framework, 182–183 in sustainable development,
195–196 measurement issues in, 180 ,
225–226 origins of, 173–175 statistics on, 225–226 Universal Declaration on, 174–175 value of, 171–173 within countries, 173
cultural exception, 53 , 158–161 cultural exchange, 166–168 cultural goods
and cultural diversity, 175 and economic growth, 98–100 defi nition of, 2 , 15–17 , 89 demand for, 188 , 220–221 distribution of, 24–28 government provision of, 46 in economic development, 194 in interindustry trade, 95 measurement of, 20–22 production of, 24–28 protection of, 162–163 statistics on, 53–55 tax exemptions for, 78 trade in, 28 , 41 , 158–166 , 176 , 177
cultural growth, 99–100 cultural heritage, see heritage cultural identity, 4 , 16 , 20 , 64 , 143 cultural indicators, 224–225 cultural industries, 88–103
and economic growth, 98–100 as infant industries, 36 concentric circles model of, 26–28 ,
93–97 economic impact of, 93 employment in, 39 , 96 in economic development, 193–194 ,
196–198 in urban context, 131–144 industry policy towards, 50–51 labour movements within, 157 role in the economy, 6–7 , 90–93 safeguarding of, 163 statistics for, 215–216 , 227–228 tourism as, 147–149
cultural institutions, 23 government support for, 46 public vs. private ownership of,
72–73 , 124 visitors to, 83
cultural occupations, 39 , 96 , 217 cultural participation, 47 , 135 cultural pluralism, 44 cultural policy studies, 231–236 cultural products, see cultural goods cultural rights, 48–49 cultural sector, 22–24 cultural studies, 58 , 90 , 231–233 cultural theory, 18 , 31 , 232 cultural trade, 158–166 , 167
and Cultural Diversity Convention, 176
policy, 28 , 52 statistics for, 216–217 US/Canadian, 170
cultural value and growth, 99–100 as basis for arts policy, 60 balancing with economic value, 30 ,
copyright in, 210–211 culture in, 191–198 policy, 38–39 , 196–198 sustainable, 194–197
digital rights management, 101 digital technologies, see new
communications technologies discount rate, 115 , 116 Disneyfi cation, 118 , 163 distribution, of income, 37 Doha Round, 159 drama, see theatre drama schools, 23 , 186–188 droit de suite , 48 , 122 , 202 droit moral , 203–212
ecology, 151 economic growth
and sustainable development, 194 as government objective, 38–39 in development policy, 192 in industry policy, 50 , 98–100
economic value
balancing with cultural value, 30 , 63 , 83 , 102 , 190 , 236
consumers surplus in, 31 defi nition of, 17–20 in satellite accounts, 148 of heritage, 108–111 monitoring of, 54
and arts consumption, 188–189 and consumers, 37 and tourism, 154 as industry strategy, 102 compulsory, 183 cost-benefi t analysis in, 182 , 183 ,
186 economics of, 181–183 fi nancing of, 183 for intangible heritage, 125 human capital in, 182–183 ,
186–187 in cultural policy, 1 , 29 , 59 in museums, 123 in new statistical framework, 228 in schools, 184–186 institutions, 23 intergenerational aspects of, 45 of artists, 186–188 policy for schools, 185–186 public goods in, 182 , 185 public investment in, 182–183 social benefi ts of, 182
equity, see also intergenerational equity, intragenerational equity, 37–38 , 43 , 65
ERICarts, 168 Europe
arts support in, 64 , 86 cities in, 139 collecting societies in, 213 creative industries in, 89 , 91 cultural capitals of, 139 employment in, 39 tourism in, 152
European Commission, 168 excellence, as objective of arts policy,
42 , 55 , 62 , 64 existence value, 19 , 110 , 125 , 172 experience goods, 16 experts, as judges of value, 22 , 42 ,
71 , 107 export promotion, 52 Extended Balance of Payments
Services Classifi cation (EBOPS), 216
external balance, as policy objective, 41
externalities agglomeration, 97 , 132 , 138 and cultural industries, 50 defi nition of, 35 in heritage 111
in tourism, 150 from creative businesses, 97 from education, 182 valuation of, 54
fashion industry, 26–27 , 92 , 132 Fiji, 153 fi lm, 90 , 92 fi lm industry
and the cultural exception, 158–161 contracts in, 48 copyright in, 208 creative clusters and, 132 , 138 employment in, 40 in cultural exchange, 166 in cultural industries models, 26 ,
90 , 92 moral rights in, 48 subsidies to, 52 value chain and, 25
Finland, 227 fi scal policy, 45–47 Florence, 134 , 144 Food and Agriculture Organisation
(FAO), 24 France, 159 , 203 freedom of speech, 49
galleries, see museums games, 16 , 36 , 50 , 92 , 95 , 105 , 162 gastronomy, 92 , 139 General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT), 158–161 General Agreement on Trade in
as threat to culture, 162 cities and, 144 cultural diversity and, 176 cultural industries and, 103 developing countries and, 191 impacts of, 3–5 opposition to, 160
Goethe Institute, 168 goods and services tax, 78 governance
critique of, 85 of festivals, 133 of tourism, 149–150
import controls, 52 infant industry, 36 , 160 income tax, 77–78 Indian Ocean, 153–154 indicators, 54 , 62 , 135 , 224–225 indigenous people, cultural
rights of, 48 indigenous tourism, 153 industrial organisation theory, 94 industrial relations, 28 industry policy, 50–51 infl ation, 40 information technologies, see new
communications technologies innovation
in arts policy, 42 , 62 , 68 in creative clusters, 137 in the arts, 54 , 99 in the new economy, 6 , 103 knowledge transfers and, 96–97 , 98 media policy and, 29 policy, 101
Mediterranean, 153–154 merit good, 60 Mexico City, 1 micro-fi nance, 100 Milan, 132 Millennium Development Goals, 197 Ministry of Culture, 14 , 28 , 63 , 212 mixed goods, 19 monitoring and evaluation, 33 ,
53–55 , 214 monopoly, 204–207 Montreal, 139 moral rights, 48 , 203–212 multicollinearity, 189 multipliers, 149 museums and galleries
collection management in, 122 donations to, 78 education in, 123 , 186 , 190 exhibitions in, 123 fi nancial hardship in, 68 funding of, 64 governance of, 123 government ownership of, 23 ,
46 , 73 in cultural industries, 26 , 92 international exchange in, 157 , 166 location of, 138 moveable heritage in, 121–124 new technologies in, 3 research in, 123 return of cultural property
by, 166 tourism in, 146 , 148 valuation of assets in, 222–223 visitors to, 53 , 62 , 83
music, 164 as intangible heritage, 125 classical, 67 education in, 29 in creative cities, 139 property rights in, 36
music industry in concentric circles model, 91 , 92 piracy in, 3 , 208–209
objectives artistic, 41–45 cultural, 41–45 economic, 34–45 in policy process, 32 of arts support, 64–66 of not-for-profi t fi rms, 65
occupational health and safety, 28 , 51 omnivores, 24 opera
access and, 70 as creative art, 58 as cultural industry, 92 as ‘high art’, 58 audiences for, 83 for-profi t fi rms in, 68 subsidies to, 38 tourism and, 152
for cultural trade, 216–217 in monitoring and evaluation,
53–55 in urban policy, 144 international comparisons of, 221 ,
224 new framework for, 227–228 on artists, 217–220 on asset valuation, 222–223 on cultural consumption, 220–222 on cultural employment, 217–220 on cultural funding, 223–224 satellite accounts, 226–227 surveys, 219–220 , 221
Stockholm, 174 , 193 storytellers, 179 subsidy
marginal productivity of, 67 to commercial fi rms, 68 to not-for-profi t fi rms, 47 , 68 to the arts, 35 , 38 , 46
access and, 70 as creative art, 58 as cultural industry, 91 , 92 audiences for, 83 creative clusters and, 138 donations to, 79–80 , 84–85 for-profi t fi rms in, 68 grants to, 67 innovation in, 68 tourism and, 155
and the environment, 150 as an industry, 147–149 , 228 as cultural industry, 92 cultural, defi ned, 146–147 , 152 economic aspects of, 147–151 education in, 154 heritage in, 109 , 116 , 126 , 132 ,
146 , 149 , 155 , 163 impact studies of, 149–150 in market development, 102 indigenous, 153 island, 153–154 local involvement in, 155 mass, 146 , 151–152 National Tourism Strategy, 50 niche, 146 , 152–154 policy, 152 , 154–155 satellite accounts for, 148 , 227 sustainable, 150–151 , 153 threshold carrying capacity, 152
tourists, defi nition of, 147 trade, see also cultural trade
following culture’s lead, 167 in property rights, 157 ,
173–179 , 225 cultural industries and, 89 , 91 cultural policy and, 1–2 , 24 , 234 development policy and, 13 heritage and, 126 , 129 , 130 Institute for Statistics, 215 Jodhpur Initiatives, 193 LEAP project, 155 statistics and, 227–228 tourism and, 155 World Culture Reports , 193
United States artists’ incomes in, 230 arts funding in, 63 , 75 benefi ts of the arts in, 62 Cultural Diversity Convention
and, 176 , 178
culture wars in, 49 , 71 fi lm industry in, 132 , 138 , 158 , 166 museums in, 122 opposition to, 160 sub-national cultural policy in, 86 US/Canada Free Trade
Agreement, 159 Universal Copyright Convention, 200 Universal Declaration on Cultural
Diversity, 174–175 univores, 24 urban and regional development,
131–144 architecture in, 132 , 140–142 clusters in, 137–138 concepts in, 132–135 contribution of arts to, 131–132 creative class in, 136–137 creativity in, 136–140 cultural capital in, 132–135 cultural industries in, 39 , 40 ,
131–144 heritage in, 134–135 human capital in, 133 infrastructure in, 133–135 , 143 natural capital in, 133 physical capital in, 133 policy in, 29 , 133–140 , 142–144
Uruguay Round, 210 ‘user-pays’ principles, 72
valorization, 17 valuation, 17–22 value, see also economic value,
as industry, 91 , 92 droit de suite in, 48 , 122 , 202 employment in, 40 funding of, 67 in education, 29 , 184–186 moral rights in, 48
vocational training, see education Voice of America, 167 volunteering, 74 vouchers, 47 , 70
wages, 34 , 51 Wales, 64 , 94 Washington State Arts
Commission, 226
Waverley Criteria, 165 willingness to pay
for benefi ts of education, 185 for benefi ts of heritage, 44 , 125 for cultural identity, 20 , 43 for non-market benefi ts, 18 , 60 measurement of, 20 , 54 ,
110–111 , 185 work-preference model, 81 World Bank, 24 , 149 World Commission on Culture
and Development, 174 , 192 , 194
World Commission on Environment and Development, 114 , 129 , 194
World Culture Reports, 174 , 193 World Heritage List, 17 , 49 , 126–127 ,