Name Date PRACTICE BOOK Cause and Effect · Grade 4, Unit 5: Change Is All Around I Could Do That! Comprehension: Cause and Effect ... Identify a cause-and-effect text structure in
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Transcript
Cause and EffectRead the selection below.
Elizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady Stanton was
a leader of the women’s rights movement in the United States. Her work helped get women in the U.S. the right to vote.
Elizabeth was born in 1812. Her father was a New York congressman and judge. When she finished school, Elizabeth studied law in her father’s office. She grew upset at how unfair the laws were for women and began speaking up for women’s rights.
In 1854, Elizabeth was asked to speak before the New York state legislature. Thanks to her speech, married women in New York won
many of the same rights as their husbands.
In 1870, Elizabeth joined Susan B. Anthony and other women to work for women’s voting rights. She spent many years traveling the country to win support for their cause.
Until she died in 1902, Elizabeth kept writing and speaking about women’s rights. In 1878 she wrote an important paper about giving women the right to vote. The paper was given to Congress each year. In 1920, women finally won the right to vote.
Complete the Flow Chart to show a chain of effects connected to a single cause in Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s life.
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First Pass
Cause and EffectRead the selection below.
She Didn’t Run—She WalkedSojourner Truth was a slave
who was not afraid to stand up for what was fair. One day her owner promised he would free her if she spun a certain amount of wool. Then she got hurt and spun less wool than expected, so the owner changed his mind.
That wasn’t fair. So she made a plan. She worked until she had spun all the wool the owner had wanted. Then she left. Sojourner was proud of how she left. She didn’t run away. She walked. Sojourner found
a family who kept her safe until she could become free legally. To earn her keep, she worked for the couple. They paid her wages for her work. That was fair.
Once she was free, Sojourner wanted to help her children become free. Then an owner illegally sold her son into further slavery. That wasn’t fair. So Sojourner fought him in court. Even though she was a woman and a former slave, she was not afraid to fight for what was right and fair.
Use a Flow Chart like the one shown here to identify cause-and- effect relationships in the selection. Then read and answer the items below.
1. Identify a cause-and-effect text structure in the selection. Use details from the selection to support your answer.
2. Explain how the cause-and-effect text structure you identifi ed can help you locate and recall information. Use selection details to support your answer.
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Using a Dictionary
frame
freeze
frequent
freshwater
friction
Friday
Use a dictionary to help you answer each question about the words listed above.
1. What is the etymology, or word history, of the word Friday?
2. What is the past-tense form of freeze?
3. What part of speech is the word frequent?
4. Which syllable of friction is emphasized?
5. Use the word frame as a noun in one sentence and as a verb in another.
6. Draw a line between each syllable of the word freshwater.
255Vocabulary StrategiesHoughton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
Lesson 22P R A C T I C E B O O K
Name Date
Grade 4, Unit 5: Change Is All Around
I Could Do That!Vocabulary Strategies:
Using a Dictionary
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Confirming Pages
VCCV and VCV PatternsBasic Complete the puzzle by writing the Basic Word for each clue.
1 2
3
4
8
5 6 7
9
10
11
Across3. in front of
4. having a space or opening inside
6. shiny, white metal
9. something given in return for a worthy act
10. sixty seconds
11. in math, to take away from
Down 1. something that protects
or covers
2. very well known
5. person qualifi ed to treat people’s teeth
7. to believe to be of worth
8. not working properly
Challenge 12–14. You just watched a movie called On the Range with Cowboy Ed. Describe a scene from the movie. Use three Challenge Words. Write on a separate sheet of paper.
1. dentist 2. fi nal 3. fi nish 4. narrow 5. shelter 6. ahead 7. corner 8. hollow 9. divide 10. famous 11. recent 12. silver 13. capture 14. cabin 15. dinner 16. minus 17. minute 18. value 19. reward 20. broken
Contractions with notA negative is a word that makes a sentence mean no. A negative contraction is made with a verb and the negative word not. An apostrophe takes the place of the letter o in each contraction with not.
contraction with notEsther isn’t at home, but she may be at the hat shop.
1–8. Write the contraction for the underlined word or words in each sentence.
1. There are not any blue hats in the window today.
2. This hat does not have a ribbon.
3. That small cowboy hat will not fi t Mr. Fox’s head.
4. There were not many customers today.
5. The seamstress cannot fi nd her sewing needle.
6. Please do not sit on my hat.
7. Ms. Kelly did not buy the hat with red stripes.
8. Esther had not made a hat this large before.
Thinking Question What word is a contraction made with a verb and the negative word not?
Using Negatives The words no, no one, nobody, none, nothing, nowhere, and never are negatives. A contraction with a verb and the word not is also a negative. When making a negative statement, make sure to use just one negative.
positive I understand the candidates’ opinions.negative I don’t understand the candidates’ opinions.I understand none of the candidates’ opinions.
1–6. Use a negative to change the meaning of the sentence from positive to negative. Write the negative sentence on the line below.
1. Anybody in the fi fth grade can run for class president
2. Roger is running for class president.
3. Tom has asked Roger if he can be his vice president.
4. Myung-Yun always likes to help make campaign posters.
5. Everyone is excited about the school elections this year.
6. The class president can do something about all of the issues that bother students.
Thinking Question What word will change the sentence to a negative meaning? Does the sentence still make sense?
Avoiding Double NegativesWords such as not, no, and never are negatives. Using two negatives together is called a double negative. Never use two negatives together in a sentence. double negativeMy mother won’t tell nobody how she voted. corrected sentencesMy mother won’t tell anybody how she voted.My mother will tell nobody how she voted.
1–8. Write the correct word shown in parentheses to complete the sentence.
1. There (is, isn’t) no presidential candidate that my parents completely support.
2. That candidate hasn’t said (anything, nothing) about the important issues.
3. He doesn’t support (any, none) of the laws to help the environment.
4. Don’t vote for (anyone, no one) without learning his or her political views.
5. Doesn’t (anybody, nobody) agree with that candidate’s views?
6. Isn’t there (anywhere, nowhere) I can get better information about the candidates?
7. The voters (have, haven’t) no choice but to support the new law.
8. This candidate (has, hasn’t) never been honest with the voters.
Thinking Question What two negatives are used together in the sentence?