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Directions: Choose from the following terms. Complete the sentences below. Some of the terms will not be used.
acid rain electrical energy fossil fuels
lignite nonrenewable oceans
pollution nuclear swamps
1. Resources that cannot be replaced by natural processes in less than 100 years
are ___________________.
2. When gases released by burning coal and oil mix with water in the form of precipitation,
___________________ forms.
3. The coal we use today formed in ___________________ millions of years ago.
4. Energy resources formed from the decaying remains of ancient plants and animals are
called ___________________.
5. The main sources of energy for homes and factories in the United States
are ___________________ power plants.
6. ___________________ is a type of soft, brown coal.
7. ___________________ can change the temperature, speed, or direction of an object.
8. The introduction of harmful chemicals, waste products, and other substances into our
environment is called ___________________.
Directions: Answer the following questions on the lines provided.
9. Name three types of fossil fuels.
10. Once oil and natural gas have formed, in which direction do they move through the surrounding rock and pore water? Why?
11. What might form a barrier to trap oil and natural gas?
12. When engineers drill into Earth and find a supply of both oil and natural gas, do they usuallyfind the oil above the natural gas, the natural gas above the oil, or the two mixed together?Why?
Part A. Vocabulary ReviewDirections: Match the terms in Column II with the descriptions in Column I. Write the letter of the correct termin the blank at the left.
Column I
1. produced when gases released by burning oil and
coal mix with water in the air
2. the introduction of harmful waste products, chemicals,
and substances into the environment
3. energy resources formed from the decaying remains
of ancient plants and animals
4. resources that cannot be replaced by natural processes
in less than 100 years
5. produced by splitting the nuclei of certain elements
6. the production of electricity by water
7. resources that can be recycled or replaced by natural processes in less than 100 years
8. energy from the Sun
9. heat energy from inside Earth
10. a single, identifiable source of pollution
11. water that soaks into the ground and collects in small spaces between bits of soil and rock
12. pollution from many different sources
13. the careful use of resources with the goal of reducing
damage to the environment
14. a mineral resource that can be mined at a profit
Part B. Concept ReviewDirections: Classify the following by writing renewable or nonrenewable before each energy source.
I. Testing ConceptsDirections: In the blank at the left, write the letter of the term that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Fossil fuels are the ancient decaying remains of ______.a. renewable resources c. plants and animalsb. nonrenewable resources d. coal and gas
2. ______ is produced by splitting the nuclei of certain elements.a. Solar energy c. Hydroelectric powerb. Geothermal energy d. Nuclear energy
3. The introduction of harmful waste products, chemicals, and substances into the environment is called ______.a. pollution b. conservation c. wasteful d. risk free
4. Pollution that comes from many different sources is called ______ pollution.a. renewable b. nonpoint source c. point source d. nonrenewable
5. What kind of power would a large dam generate?a. hydroelectric b. geothermal c. solar d. nuclear
6. ______ is heat energy from Earth.a. Solar energy c. Geothermal energyb. Nuclear energy d. Hydroelectric power
7. When gases released by burning oil and coal mix with water in the air, they form ______.a. fossil fuels b. natural gas c. fission d. acid rain
8. A(n) ______ is a mineral resource found in large enough quantity to be mined at a profit.a. alloy b. compound c. fission d. ore
9. Resources that cannot be replaced by natural processes in 100 years or less are called ______.a. nonrenewable b. point source c. renewable d. conservation
10. ______ is energy from the Sun.a. Nuclear energy c. Solar energyb. Hydroelectric power d. Geothermal energy
11. What is water called that soaks into the ground and collects in small spaces betweenbits of soil and rock?a. surface water b. groundwater c. reservoir water d. salt water
12. Which of the following renewable energy resources causes the greatest waste hazard?a. the Sun b. wind c. nuclear d. hydroelectric
13. ______ is the careful use of resources with the goal of reducing damage to the environment.a. Pollution b. Construction c. Point source d. Conservation
14. How many years do scientists estimate we have left of our available reserves of oil?a. 200 to 300 b. 100 to 200 c. 30 to 40 d. 5 to 10
15. Once oil and natural gas have formed, they will begin to ______ through the surrounding rock and pore water.a. vaporize b. move upward c. sink d. erode
16. Oil and natural gas are ______ than the surrounding rock and pore water.a. less dense c. the same density asb. more dense d. none of these
17. According to your textbook, the best solution for air pollution is ______.a. desalination c. preventionb. better air-cleaning methods d. banning motor vehicles
18. Plants and animals that die today would need ______ of years to become fossil fuels.a. hundreds b. thousands c. millions d. billions
19. Disadvantages to using solar energy include ______.a. harmful waste products c. high temperatures in tropical regionsb. dependence on weather d. all of these
20. Disadvantages to using wind energy include ______.a. harmful waste products c. limited to certain regionsb. storage problems d. none of these
Directions: Identify each statement as true or false. Rewrite false statements to make them correct.
21. Trees and forests are both renewable resources.
22. Land is a renewable resource because, in most cases, it can be used over and
over again.
23. Seventy percent of Earth’s total water supply is usable for humans.
II. Understanding Concepts
Skill: Designing an Experiment1. You are considering three types of energy to heat your home: electric, natural gas, and solar
panels. How would you conduct an experiment to determine their cost effectiveness?
Directions: Use the following table to answer the items below.
2. Complete the table above, which compares hydroelectric power and geothermal energy.
3. What major advantage does hydroelectric power have over geothermal energy?
4. What is the major disadvantage of both hydroelectric power and geothermal energy?
5. In the space below, make your own table comparing a nonrenewable energy resource and arenewable energy resource. Do not use hydroelectric power or geothermal energy.
Advantages/disadvantages Hydroelectric Geothermal
Renewable yes a.
Can cause cause pollution b. yes
Can be expensive c. yes
Can disrupt natural habitats yes d.
Requires no fuel source e. yes
Able to be used in many areas f. no
Currently used to produce electricity yes g.
III. Applying ConceptsDirections: Identify which of the following land uses will keep the land as a renewable resource R or turn theland into a nonrenewable resource N.
IV. Writing SkillsDirections: Answer the following questions using complete sentences.
1. Explain some things that people can do to help reduce water pollution and why this wouldimprove the quality of people’s lives.
2. Water covers 70 percent of Earth. Explain why only about one percent is available for humanuse and where that one percent of water is found.
3. Large bodies of water are not evenly distributed throughout a country. Relate this to how citiesare distributed.
4. Suppose you live near a river. Dams and pipelines from the river provide water to a desert areahundreds of miles away. Why is it important for people in both areas to prevent water pollution?