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Volume 4 Issue IV, 2012

Institute for International JournalismE.W. Scripps School of Journalism

Global Spotlight

Special Edition: Study of the United States Institute on Journalism and Media

Impressions

Jordan

Kazakhstan

CameroonSudan

Ghana

Suriname

El Salvador

The Bahamas

Ukraine

“The impression that I have of the program is a good one. The diversity of the activities is very useful. The different lectures that cover the grounds of media in the USA is also enlightening. The visits to different places around Ohio made us have a wider perspective of the social life in the U.S.”– Prof. Aysha Abughazzi

“I’m very impressed with the cultural tours, which started in Cleveland. I was amazed with the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. It was interesting for me and for those who are interested in rock and roll music. The museum can also help those academics, undergraduates and graduate students who are interested in carrying out research on this sort of music.” – Dr. Ibaa Awad

“I will not hesitate to tell you that the SUSI program is quite enriching, and I think this should continue in the years ahead. Really, the program develops our minds and helps us gain experiences and enhance our research capacities in various aspects and domains of the journalism profession.”– Prof. Divine Bisong

“Each experience has been created in the spirit of adventure. The SUSI program tests my limits while creating opportunities to discover, learn, and understand myself, others, and the world. It helped me grow as a journalist and understand different cultures and values. I have made new and lasting friendships and learned so much from the U.S. and other countries, cultures and traditions.” – Prof. Karlyga Myssayeva

“In my opinion, I have really enjoyed everything, but if I had to choose a specific session, it would be the one on July 11 with the Associate Dean. That one, particularly, has helped me to know more about U.S. higher education and to realize that Salvadorian universities need to encourage their professors to do research and publish their articles in important newspapers, magazines, and communication newspapers.”– Prof. Silvia Callejas

“I think the program is a great opportunity to develop the field of journalism all around the world. We came to learn about U.S. media but at the same time we have learned about other ways to apply the same concepts and also discovered the challenges that some journalists have in their countries.”– Prof. Hugo Zarate

“My favorite part of the SUSI program was the cultural tour to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and museum, because I have heard of most of the celebrities who were showcased there, and I learned about the history of rock and roll. Now I know that most of the music nowadays found its roots in rock and roll.” – Prof. Rachael van der Kooye

“The lecture sessions are invigorating and insightful. Again the perspectives offered by the various speakers, and the range of topics covered in media and journalism offer a unique learning situation. The cultural diversity and dimensions provided, particularly of the various strands in the U.S. media, are outstanding and indelible.” - Dr. Wilberforce Dzisah

“In SUSI, every day opens up new horizons. This program confirms all my expectations and hopes. SUSI at Ohio University has built a unique platform for the exchange of views and also created excellent conditions for research.”– Prof. Bogdana Nosova

Armenia“I am really happy to be a part of SUSI program, which is very unique and important. From the first day of program, I see that all the events and lectures were well organized. We have already received a lot of new knowledge about the educational system of U.S., especially in field of journalism and communication and also how U.S. national and local media organizations operate.”– Dr. Suren Deheryan

RussiaChina

Vietnam

Pakistan

Yemen

Rwanda

“Everyone is attending SUSI with ardor. We help each other. We share different cultural experiences, and we improve together.” – Prof. Guoping He

“The SUSI Program gives me an excellent chance to learn, to know and to understand not only about the media in the U.S., but also about the American culture, people, and life. I have had a wonderful experience during the study tour in Cleveland, Amish Country and Pittsburgh with vivid memories!”– Prof. Trang Nguyen

“SUSI is just an introduction to a world of wonders to me. I have received, beyond my expectations, learning, bonds with new friends and colleagues, exposures to opportunities, memorable trips, and meetings. I hope for a better-united and peaceful world and to stay connected.”– Prof. Aazadi Burfat

“I’m absolutely satisfied with the way SUSI is going so far. I am enjoying both educational and cultural parts of the program. But the strongest impression I have now is still connected with one of our sessions - the lecture of Sandra Utt.” - Dr. Alexsandr Kazakov

“The SUSI program is one of the most intensive programs I have ever participated in. Yet, it is a good chance to derive a lot of memorable academic and non-academic experiences. The loveliest part is meeting people who come from different backgrounds and display different intellectual thinking and understanding. The best part is the academic lecturers of American professors and scholars. It was authentic speech, coming from real experiences and real work. In brief, the program gives me a great opportunity to delve myself into new horizons of knowledge and culture.” - Dr. Murad Abdullah

“The program is so exciting that it is very difficult to indicate which part is the most significant. To cut a long story short, the welcome at the airport, the accommodations, the academic programs, the international classes as well as the cultural travels tours are all excellent and unique for me.”– Prof. Alexandre Twizeyumukiza

Afghanistan

Taiwan

“What I have learned and seen so far is really impressive. I am in a fully academic environment in which I am learning any place I go. Even at lunch or dinner, I am around people who are giving me lectures and their behaviors and thoughts are really changing my thinking. SUSI actually opens my mind, and it has been a wonder-ful program full of value and experiences.” – Prof. Taimoor Noori

“Learning about International Media Systems and Policy at the School of Media Arts and Studies has been very informative. I’ve gained insights into media systems, journalism practices, as well as the political culture and media policies in various countries, which will be very beneficial in future research and curriculum development projects. SUSI offers a truly outstanding overview of U.S. and global media systems.” –Dr. Huei Lan Wang

The flights landed in from Columbus from all over the United States, including Atlanta, Chicago, and even St. Paul, Minnesota. But these flights only reflected a small portion of the SUSI scholars’ journey to Ohio University. Some scholars traveled for as long as two days to reach their destination.

For Dr.

Aleksandr Kazakov, the scholar from Russia, the time on the plane was used for reflection.

“I was thinking about my presentations

and about the place I would live,” he said. He even spent part of his flight working

on a presentation about the media system in his country.

After landing in Columbus and being

greeted by SUSI Program Director Yusuf Kalyango, the scholars had one more leg of the journey to complete: the drive from Columbus to Athens.

When they reached Athens, Program

Assistant Lindsay Boyle was waiting to show the scholars to their home for the next six weeks.

“Everyone came with a good attitude,

despite having been on the plane for hours,” Boyle said. “It was great to meet everyone on the first day.”

Dr. Kazakov also enjoyed meeting his

fellow schoolars. “So many impressions,” he said, “so many

new friends and new ideas. I’m on cloud nine to be here.”

The journey beginsEditors’

NoteLindsay BoyleSally Ann Cruikshank

Global SpotlightE.W. Scripps School of Journalism, Ohio UniversityJuly 2012, Vol. 4 Issue 4

Sally Ann CruikshankProgram AssistantDear Readers,

In this issue of Global Spotlight, we give you a glimpse into the opening weeks of the 2012 Study of the U.S. Institute on Journalism and Media (SUSI). The program is a world summit of sorts, welcoming journalism scholars from 18 different countries across five continents to the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at Ohio University. The SUSI summer institute is funded by an annual renewable grant from the U.S. Department of State’s Study of the U.S. Branch in the Office of Academic Exchange Programs. The program celebrates internationalism and the sharing of culture and knowledge among the participating countries and the United States. The first two pages feature first impressions by the scholars, along with a map of the world highlighting the participating countries. This gives you an idea of just how far the SUSI scholars have traveled to share their experiences as journalists and professors. The program combines academic sessions, lectures by the SUSI scholars, and cultural tours. Here, you get the chance to learn more about the different aspects of SUSI, through the voices of the scholars themselves and the program assistants. We would like to thank you for taking the time to explore this edition of Global Spotlight, and we hope that you enjoy this look into SUSI and the world.

Sincerely,The Editors-in-Chief

AdvisorDr. Yusuf Kalyango

Editors-in-Chief Lindsay BoyleSally Ann Cruikshank SUSI Directors and StaffJean-Marie Cackowski-CampbellDr. Anne Cooper-ChenAimee EdmondsonDr. Yusuf KalyangoProf. Mary Rogus

Contributing Writers SUSI Program AssistantsLindsay BoyleSally Ann CruikshankJim DeBrosseAshley FurrowCamilo Perez

SUSI ScholarsDr. Murad AbdullahDr. Aysha AbughazziDr. Ibaa AwadProf. Divine BisongProf. Aazadi BurfatProf. Silvia CallejasDr. Suren DeheryanDr. Wilberforce DzisahProf. Guoping HeDr. Alexsandr KazakovProf. Rachael van der KooyeProf. Karlyga MyssayevaProf. Trang NguyenProf. Taimoor NooriProf. Bogdana NosovaProf. Alexandre TwizeyumukizaDr. Huei Lan WangDr. Hugo Zarate

PhotographerCamilo Perez

Global Spotlight Staff

Prof. Trang Nguyen is welcomed at the airport.

“I’m on cloud nine to be here.”

-Dr. Alexsandr Kazakov

5

A WARM WELCOME

On Saturday, July 7, a welcome dinner featuring several speakers served as the official kick-off of the SUSI program at Ohio University.

The SUSI summer institute — in which scholars from all over the world come to the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism at OU to study journalism and media — is funded by an annual renewable grant from the U.S. Department of State’s Study of the U.S. Branch in the Office of Academic Exchange Programs.

Scholar Dr. Wilberforce Dzisah was impressed by the time and effort that was put into the welcome dinner, and by the guests who were in attendance.

“I must say it was very fantastic, very well organized, and I am very excited by the fact that all those who matter, as far as Ohio University is concerned, were there,” he said. “That is to show the fact that they respect every human being, irrespective of your background and where you are coming from. I really ap-preciated that — I was touched by that show of humanness.”

Guests included OU President Dr. Roderick McDavis and his wife, Scripps College of Communication Interim Dean Dr. Scott Titsworth, E.W. Scripps School of Journalism Director Dr. Bob Stewart and several Scripps College of Communication faculty and friends.

President McDavis offered the keynote speech, in which he discussed several of OU’s international programs and opportunities, as well as the importance of encouraging internationalism worldwide.

Dr. Huei Lan Wang, the scholar from Taiwan, said she enjoyed the conversa-tion and the speeches at the welcome dinner — especially President McDavis’ speech.

“I’m very impressed by the president and what he said,” she said. “He really, really encourages (Ohio University’s) link to intercultural journalism. Also, his perspective on education was very impressive.”

Throughout the night, Dr. Titsworth, Dr. Stewart, SUSI program Director Dr. Yusuf Kalyango, and SUSI academic director Mary Rogus spoke.

Scholar Dr. Murad Abdullah, from Yemen, was also impressed by the speeches he heard.

“I have always thought (U.S. citizens) only talk like that in Hollywood movies, not also like that in real life,” he said. “I have realized that American scholars, when they talk here, they talk about some-thing real, from their own experience. I like the authentic speech that comes from the heart and reaches the heart directly.”

Following those speeches, Jordanian Scholar Dr. Aysha Abughazzi offered a vote of thanks — a short speech that thanks individuals and often calls for the audience to thank them as well — to recognize those who made both the dinner and the SUSI program possible.

Shortly afterward, dinner commenced and conversation arose at every table. Each table held a combination of Scripps faculty and friends, SUSI scholars, and SUSI staff members.

Dr. Suren Deheryan, the scholar from Armenia, described the dinner as interesting. He said that he talked with several professors and even met up with one he had met prior to the SUSI program. Dr. Deheryan also expressed an interest in future partnerships.

“I hope that the dinner is only the first meeting with the professors,” he said.

Afghan scholar Prof. Taimoor Noori also said that the conversations he had during the dinner, as well as those he has had during the SUSI program thus far, were interesting.

“I’ve been meeting with lots of people, extraordinary people,” he said. “They speak from their hearts, and they are really hard-working people, and they really want change… That’s what I’m learning, and I will learn more.”

Dr. Aleksandr Kazakov, the scholar from Russia, said that he enjoyed every aspect of the dinner.

“It was great,” he said. “It was even better than I expected because I enjoyed the communication, I enjoyed the meal, I enjoyed the atmosphere, and I en-

joyed the speeches.”

Lindsay BoyleProgram Assistant

President Roderick McDavis welcomes SUSI scholars to Ohio University

President McDavis and his wife pose with Prof. Aazadi Burfat, Prof. Karylga Myssayeva and Dr. Aysha Abughazzi.

Prof. Divine Bisong receives a greeting and a welcome gift from Ohio University President Roderick McDavis.

The welcome dinner.

Celebrating the commencement of SUSI 2012

6 Global Spotlight

When one of my students in Vietnam found out I would have a tour in Cleveland- the second largest city in Ohio- she yelled with excite-ment. She told me her friend, who has travelled through many places in the United States, calls Cleveland his hometown and the most wonderful place on earth. So the name Cleveland made me feel curious and full of excitement.

Arriving in the city in an afternoon full of sunshine, the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, and the exciting music there, immediately, brought me an enthusiastic feeling. I got lost in the world of music with famous band names, popular and favorite singers, which have contributed to rock and roll, as well as the history of world music. The impressive afternoon at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland interested ev-eryone, whether he or she is a big fan of Rock and Roll or not! The world of rock and roll broke out in front of your eyes, around you and inside yourself.

The WOIO/WUAB-TV local station brought me another new experi-ence. It was so interesting when you heard the station management share their experience in collecting news, checking the news sources, and the way of organizing the broadcasting. “Of course, it is not always okay,” one staff member said, “sometimes, the machines break down or the micro-phone doesn’t work just before the on air time, but we manage everything and tried to look okay.”

Watching breaking news live on the noon newscast, I was surprised and full of admiration when I saw the process in action from backstage. Every-thing was connected perfectly! Amazing! What a wonderful experience!

I also enjoyed my experience at the Cleveland Call & Post, which is the top African-American newspaper in the country. It servers all of Ohio and began 95 years ago. Its history, great influence on the community, and the working spirit of the editorial managers, reporters, editors, and photogra-

phy staff impressed me. Multicultural media seems to be an interesting, opening, and long-lasting subject. “What we do here at the Call and Post isn’t a matter of life and death… actually it’s a bit more serious than that” (The Call & Post newspaper, celebrating 95 years).

In addition, in my mind Cleveland is also brings a good memory of a warm evening, in which I enjoyed excellent food and dishes at Barley House with friends and colleagues. A small notebook was passed over our tables, with the sentence “We are having fun in Cleveland,” in many differ-ent languages and the room was full of laughs.

This was written right outside The Market Café and Wine Bar at lunch-time, showing that Cleveland has brought me full of creative inspiration. I can understand why Cleveland is the most beautiful place in the mind of my student’s friend, and right now, maybe it is also in my mind and yours!

CULTURAL TOURSExploring Cleveland, finding creative inspirationProf. Trang NguyenVietnam

The SUSI scholars leave the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

For Prof. Bogdana Nosova of Ukraine, the chance to visit the Andy Warhol Museum in Pitts-burgh was in some ways a return trip home.

“I had studied his work many years ago in my

art history class,” she said. “I also knew his parents had come [to America] from a region very, very close to my country. So for me, the museum was a special event.”

Not all of the eighteen visiting scholars in the

SUSI program shared the same enthusiasm for the controversial pop artist and his work, but they agreed that his collection of drawings, paintings, photos, films, sculptures, and music was impres-sively diverse and, at times, surprising.

“I came down the stairs [in the museum] and, all of a sudden, I see

this fierce dog and I stop,” said Prof. Divine Bisong of Cameroon, describ-ing his encounter with “Cecil,” Warhol’s stuffed Great Dane. “I asked someone if it was really real.”

Even among U.S. citizens, Warhol is not everyone’s artistic can of soup.

The same can be said of international scholars seeing his work for the first time. “There wasn’t anything that I could classify as art,” said Dr. Murad Abdullah of Yemen.

Prof. Hugo Zarate of the Bahamas said Warhol’s

photography left him cold. “There are many other people who did it with a deeper understanding of the use of the camera.”

But Prof. Aazadi Burfat of Pakistan found

Warhol’s art worthy of the name. “He’s very good at interpreting very simple things in a unique way that generally people don’t recognize.”

Many of the scholars said they admired Warhol for achieving success

from humble beginnings. His parents, Andrew and Julia Warhola, were working class immigrants from Slovakia. Warhol’s father, a coal miner, died in an accident when Andy was 13.

Prof. Aleksandr Kasakov said there is no question that Warhol “de-

fined popular culture in this country.” Perhaps Prof. Burfat summed up best the artist and his work. “He was

a very complicated intellectual – many personalities in one person.”

Jim DeBrosseProgram Assistant

Witnessing Warhol: SUSI scholars visit Pittsburgh

SUSI scholars visit the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh,-Pa.

7

Internationally, the United States is known for, as one SUSI scholar put it, its “glittering city life.” The scholars, however, witnessed a dif-ferent side of the country on the Little Cities of Black Diamonds tour on July 15.

The tour gave the scholars a look at the history of the southeast Ohio region. The tour began in Nelsonville’s public square, before moving on to Haydenville, New Straitsville, and Shawnee.

The tour focused on coal mining and its impact on the region. In the woods of New Straitsville, scholars visited Robinson’s Cave, where miners, upset with the coal companies, secretly met. These meetings eventually led to the formations of both local and national mine worker unions.

Scholars learned about more than just coal mining on the tour. Just outside of New Straits-ville, the scholars visited a historic African American cemetery. Payne Cemetery became the final resting place for several African Ameri-cans from the South who had helped to create the now defunct community of Payne’s Crossing just before the Civil War.

The tour guide also explained how the Underground Railroad, which helped slaves from the South escape to freedom in the North, operated in southeast Ohio.

At the cemetery, the tour guide briefly explained the sides of the Civil War, as well as concepts such as the Underground Railroad.

Scholar Dr. Wilberforce Dziah, from Ghana, said he was glad to see a different side of the United States.

“I’m really thrilled by what I’ve seen today,” he said. “It’s amazing, the rural side of the most powerful nation on earth.”

Lindsay BoyleProgram Assistant

Dr. Wilberforce DzisahGhana

Scholars voyage to Amish CountryA trip back in time

The 2012 SUSI Scholars on Tuesday, 17th July 2012 visited the Amish community in Sugarcreek, Ohio to interact with both the editorial and some leaders of the Amish and Mennonite faith. The SUSI team, which was led by Prof. Mary Rogus and other members from the Scripps School of Journalism, Ohio University, had a very memorable and exciting encounter with the Amish community.

On arrival in Amish Country, SUSI Scholars were taken through a brief background to the Amish and Mennonite faith. Lester Beachy, a prominent member in the Amish community touched on their German and Swiss origins and how the Amish and Mennonite Church was established.

According to Beachy, the revolt in the early Catholic Church led by Martin Luther’s Reformation over the Fee of Indulgence was the catalyst which culminated in the growth of the Amish and Mennonite Church. “It wasn’t easy for the early Church as the leaders suffered persecution and expulsion from their homes and communities in Switzerland,” Beachy recounted to the SUSI Scholars.

It was through such tribulations and the struggle to keep to the faith that the Amish and Mennonites migrated to the United States. “Our leaders realized that the United States was tolerant and accommodating of all faiths and today, it is home to the largest community of Amish and Mennonites numbering about 45,000”.

An Amish Minister, Roy Stutzman spoke about their faith and education. “We lived by the Bible and don’t believe in evolution but only what the Bible teaches us”. He explained that the Amish and Mennonites live faithfully to what God teaches them. They do not bear arms because the scriptures admonish against giving life to save life.

On education, Stutzman said they have their own schools and that the education of their children terminates at the eighth grade. Disci-pline is a key ingredient in the upbringing and education of Amish and Mennonite children.

Stutzman conceded that like all human societies, they have some problems and chal-lenges. He revealed how their teens are tempted by earthly possessions and drugs. In an answer to a question about how the deal with deviants such as teenage pregnancy, he explained that the Ministers and Deacons are mandated to counsel and ensure that the deviants confess and revert back to the doctrines prescribed by the faith.

SUSI Scholars continued their tour by visiting the offices of the BUDGET newspaper – a community-based publication which relies on 843 scribes from all over the world for its content.

The Editor-in-Chief of the BUDGET, Keith Rathbun and the National Edition Editor, Fan-nie Erb-Miller took the SUSI Scholars through the news collection and production processes.

When asked by a Scholar as to the viability of the newspaper, Rath-bun revealed its strong subscrip-tion base as well as revenue from advertising.

On the influence of the BUD-GET, Erb-Miller stated that it is the main mass communication medium which keeps the Amish and Mennonites connected across the world.

The leader of the SUSI Schol-ars entourage, Prof. Mary Rogus on behalf of the Scholars thanked the Amish leaders and the editors for their warm reception and gesture.

SUSI scholars visit THE BUDGET newspaper in Sugarcreek, Ohio.

Dr. Aysha Abughazzi and Dr. Suren Dehery-an feel blocks of coal in New Straitsville, Ohio.

The SUSI scholars speak with Amish about their re-ligion, community and lifestyles in Sugarcreek, Ohio.

8 Global Spotlight

ACADEMIC SESSIONS

Media in Afghanistan is like a newborn baby — it needs more skills and understanding, but the naive journalists who are working for dif-ferent media outlets are doing their job wonderfully. They are cover-ing war and also facing numerous challenges, including threats to their safety. That is the reason journalists are avoiding investigative report-ing. Though a journalist would have plenty of sources and information on such stories, he or she usually won’t do that due to the challenges he or she will face ahead.

Local media is under a serious threat compared to international media. The editors for local media do not feel safe working on stories that are less favorable for Taliban and government officials — they do not want to put themselves in jeopardy. Instead, they simply avoid a story that will make the officials angry and try to write a piece that will make them less angry. But the international media is not like that. For example, I am working for the New York Times, which is a really considerable paper in Afghanistan. The people respect it, but the officials are trying to avoid interviews by myself and other staff. In certain cases, though, they try to set up an interview with you, because they understand it is a U.S. paper. The opposition, which is called the Taliban, also tries to publish a line in the paper, no matter if it is only a few words.

There are huge challenges to news coverage in Afghanistan. I myself face numbers of difficulties. For example, when any incident is hap-

pening, I have to be well prepared and find out how to get information. If it is in the villages, or on the outskirts of a city, I can only rely on telephonic con-tacts to assemble information, which is often inaccurate. However, if myself or other journalists make the trip outside, we will be facing danger from the opposition party. They can arrest and convict journalists as spies for the United States or the government. It has happened to my colleagues — they have been arrested by the Taliban, kept captive for months, and sometimes killed. So, it’s not always possible to travel in order to get information.

In the cities where journalists have access to events, we are facing prob-lems from officials and U.S. citizens

who do not let journalists cover the news from the site of the incidents. The sites or scenes are sectioned off for several hours so journalists cannot see the actual site. Sometimes journalists have been beaten up by or have had their cameras smashed by Afghan policemen.

When it comes to trying to ask people for quotes, people do not re-ally help the media. Many of them consider media to be a loud speaker for the West, a tool of propaganda for the United States. The reason people do not know the value of media is that most people avoid media. They do not feel safe giving an interview because they feel they will be in risk of threats either from U.S. or Afghan intelligence services.

Journalists need to create a strong and reliable network. This could help people trust that they are real journalists and help them convey their messages to the world.

The development of media in AfghanistanProf. Taimoor NooriAfghanistan

A look inside International Mass Media class Prof. Silvia CallejasEl Salvador

One of the things that I have tried to make my students understand during the last four years is the importance of know-ing Salvadorian mass media system. This knowledge would let them realize how they work, what kind of product they are of-fering, who are their targets, and to comprehend the relationship among media, enterprises, and government. Obviously, all the information they obtain allows them to have a wider and more complete view of Salvadorian media and also to analyze it from a critical perspective. At the end of their research, more than one student expressed to me his or her satisfaction and enthusiasm about what they have learned, and how the information has changed his or her point of view of Salvadorian mass media.

Since July 10, I have felt all the enthusiasm and excitement that many of my students have expe-rienced during the development of the investigation made in my class. In this case, those feelings have aroused thanks to the pro-fessional work that eight of the 18 SUSI scholars have done the last days by lecturing on the media systems in their countries. It has been a perfect way to understand better their journalism practice, political culture, and media poli-cies.

For example, one of the most impressive data shared to us was provided by Prof. Divine Bisong, a journalist and professor from Cameroon, who talked about how reporters from his country sometimes accept bribery from

their sources, an action that directly influences the quality of the infor-mation they give to their public everyday. According to Prof. Bisong,

SUSI scholars listen as Prof. Silvia Callejas presents a lecture that is streamed live through OU distance learning, and is available online.

SUSI scholar Taimoor Noori listens to a speaker during a class.

9

this corruptible situation is possible because of the journalist’s low salaries and poor conditions of living.

Besides corruption in the journalism practice in countries such as Cameroon, there was another topic that kept my attention during the lasts eight presentations: the power of social networks to claim civil rights in countries such as Yemen. Dr. Murad Abdullah explained how Facebook and Twitter has become a useful tool for citizens to organize protests against the government of his country. He also explained how social networks have become the fastest way to com-municate the principal issues related to the social political reality of Yemen. Dr. Abdullah named this phenomenon as a digital revolu-tion, which has started to spread in other continents, as well as other countries such as El Salvador. Three months ago, Salvadorian users rallied to stop the increase of the salary of a couple of congressmen by organizing a social movement. As a result of the negative reaction of the Salvadorian population to this decision, members of Congress stopped the procedure of increasing their salaries. Even though these examples have taken place in different backgrounds they allowed my colleagues and me to see how social media has become an important tool which is encouraging people to supervise and analyze what their government and civil servants are doing.

Prof. Rachael van der Kooye’s lecture about Suriname’s mass media emphasized one of the most important problems of journalism practice in her country: the lack of investigative journalism. She said Suriname’s journalism is related to quantity, not quality.

All of the examples mentioned above, and the ones shared by the SUSI scholars from Ghana, Russia, Jordan, and Afghanistan, showed us that most of the mass media systems around the world have many things in common. This includes the struggle to bring people all the perspectives of reality, which allow them to get closer to the truth, and producing media to target the need for information, entertain-ment, or education. Also, it is interesting to realize that the evolution of mass media has been linked to every country’s historical context. It means that the human being has always looked for the best way to express his or her opinions and to share them to others to accomplish one goal: to think, analyse, and understand their nearest reality.

Prof. Silvia Callejas reflects on the lectures by her fellow SUSI schol-ars in the online International Mass Media class. The lectures, pre-sented in a distance learning classroom, reach Ohio University students in Athens and OU’s five branch campuses.

Mass Media, cont’dOpinion: The Amish faith and zealotry

On 17th July, 2012, Eighteen SUSI 2012 Scholars and their hosts from the University of Ohio paid what could be termed ‘pilgrimage’ into the realm of the Amish and Mennonites in Sugarcreek. Sugarcreek, a creek in which we failed to find any sugar or cane is the habitat of these doctrinal faithful and disciples of the Bible.

As l listened to the historical renditions, the travails and tribulations of the genesis of this faith, and as l recall the beginning stories of creation and the maxim of ‘naked we came and naked shall thou return’ l tend to understand them. This epitomizes the true character and way of life of the Amish and Mennonites. Besides their dogma, their respect and disci-pline is worthy of emulation particularly by a world which is inexorably gliding towards greed and crude materialism.

Conservatism is their lot but the tolerance and democratic credentials of the United States which has room for all faiths and prescribes freedom of religion and association per the First Amendment in my view is what saved this religious zealots and proselytes.

While the lifestyle of the Amish and Mennonites look too rudi-mentary, reminding one of the medieval periods in human existence, their addiction to the agrarian philosophy for survival has its own side attractions and elegance. The green fields which adorned Sugarcreek with planted maize and soya beans and the horse-carriages make them truly distinct. No electricity, no modern machinery for cultivation but self-reliant and self-fulfilled amazes me.

As l sauntered on the grass in Amish country and recounts the gift of nature, l, however, had a sense of anguish as to the continuous use of animals such as horses to cultivate the fields. It seems cruel to me and l believe other animal protectionists and environmentalists will feel the same. Well, who is unblemished in this world of ours? But, I personally view the continuous subjection of animals such as horses to the vagaries of the weather and as objects to cultivate and bring returns to the Amish and Mennonites as cruel. However, there are those who will ask me of horse-racing and its attendant commercialism.

The pacifist approach of the Amish and Mennonites to life is worthy. If we all appreciate the teachings of the Lord Jesus Christ as the Prince of Peace, then the Amish way is a classic example of what Christianity stands for. On the other hand, Jesus did not abolish the law neither the prophets. If mankind, created in God’s own image is to make use of the environment, then the refusal to make good use of modern technology for the benefit of mankind defeats certain doctrinal arguments of the faith they proclaim.

While I laud their high sense of tolerance and hard work, the self-denial in order to attain the state of bliss appears to simplistic for me. I appreciate their attachment to the land and to be free from the drudger-ies of violence and massive accumulation of wealth that do not benefit society. However, to cling to a dogma which does not allow your children to seek knowledge beyond the eighth grade for me is to reduce religion to simplistic reductionism.

It seems there is a state of flux if one juxtaposes the doctrinal posture and reality in relation to clinical treatment for the Amish and Men-nonites. They claim they make use of medical doctors who have been trained in the secular society to diagnose and treat them of ailments and diseases. What a paradox? In any case, if all the faiths allow their children to terminate at the eighth grade, who will become the physician? Some-body might think l have moved into the realm of absurdity because the Catholic faith also preaches the doctrine of celibacy for priesthood and nuns. But, it is my view that the Amish and Mennonites review aspects of their doctrine to reflect the changing times.

What l came to appreciate about the Amish and Mennonites as l listened to their story, history and culture is their peaceful existence. I doff my hat for their hard work and discipline. I salute their faith and belief in the Bible as a repository and source of knowledge and spiritual attainment. I, however, disagree with them on their unbridled religious zealotry.

Dr. Wilberforce DzisahGhana

SUSI scholars listen to Dr. Mike Sweeney, Dr. Sandra Utt and Dr. Steve Howard as they discuss their editing experiences.

10 Global Spotlight

SNAPSHOTS