Находки у Мёртвого моря / Амусин И.Д. (1964)

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3 Ecceu-o6utecrsenno-pennnuogrtoe reqeHne, Bo3ullxluee no l! a.

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6

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7

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Ho,eoo:'r<purufi ap atreft,craft reKcr KH. l4osa, coffrarerHonpeABapnreJrbnoMy coo6qesurc BaH aep fl.nora, Bo MHo-rux ,cJryqasx ,{aer 6,olee sicHbrfi crubrcJr. flaneorpaQ}rrqecKHBau aep llnor Aarupyer cBr.rroK oKoJro 50 r. n. e. flsuxxe ero BecbMa 6.nrgox K ssbrKy ru. .(,aunnna (II n. aoH. s.), H Ha groM ocHoBaunr.r Ban aep ll.nor aarnlyer caMreKcr oropofi nonoeriHofi II s. ao H. s. B uror6 flnornplrxoAr4T rK BbrB,oA!' '{TO nepeA ,HaMr{ ApeBHer?unft vtg apa-iueficxlrx repeBoAoB (<Tapryru>) xnur Budnuu. B eioftcBq3{ flnor uanoMLIHaer l{3BecrHoe raJrMVAHqecKoe co-o6uleuae, qrc <Pa66as faunnen (cor.nacuo

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I4_syveurae yxe o,ny6.nr4ir(oBaHHbrx c,BlrrKoB u $parrueH-tos 6u6neft,cKuX KHr{rr a raKxe KyMparHcrlrx KoMMeHTap[-eB Ha 6u6neftcxue r{Hr.rfu o6Hapyxuno Be,cbMa npr.rMerra-terluufr Qaxr: 6ecqucneu'Hbre r{,cr'pa,BJre'Hr,rfl 6u6ueft,cxoroTeKcra, npeAJro,)r(eHuue 6u,6nefi'cxofr rpuru,xoft ga nocJIeA-ELI,e..ABa CTOJIeTLIS, KaK ,npaBriJrO, He nOATrBepXAarOT,Cf Ape-sHeftuul\.rI,I B Ha,cToflulee BpeMq 6u6left,cxuuu pyronucr-Mrr ns Kylrpana. 3r,o ronopur o roM, qro aoueauufi Aoflac Mac,opercxuft reKcr ocHoBaH Ha xopoueft pyKonr{,c-

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xaer peaJlruufi Qarr yKpblr!{s 3eJloraMI'I- col(_poBlllq xpa-Ma B nepuoA eofrHH c pI'IMJIn:HaMrI (66-73 rr'. l.ê.).Ax. An.ierpo, BnepBble H3.u,aBul{ii sror reKcr B 1960 r.,opra'H,lr3oBaJI Aaxe npo6Hyrc . apxeoJlOfrqecKyIO gKCne,{'n-

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bbrrTn BbrcKa3anbr rr jlpyrle runor,e3br. He,Koropbre Aa-)Ke cqrITaroT aBTopa MeAHbIX cBIlrKoB nct{xt{qe,cKtt 6ont-HbI IU qe/,'toBexo inr. B tt ct<3 3briB 24 I g1, TaKlKe np eAr-tonox{eH}te,rrro MeAHbre cBrrrKr{ - anoxpriQ. llprxo4urca, oA'HaKo,IrpIl3HaTb, rITo Hu oAHy II3 3TLLX rHII.O(re3 HeJIbSfl CrI'I{TaTbyAo,B,'rerBopHre,'rb'Ho o6ts'cHslouleft ece Qaxru. I4syveHneLI aAeKBaTHOe U,CtO.irKO,Ba,Hlre 3afaAOqHbIX Me.qrHbrx C'B[aT-KoB - 4e,ro 6y.tyqero. B Hacrorrulee BpeMq MoxHo cKa-3arb r'lulub, r{T,o gror reKcr BpqA ,'I)I,I Il,Me.[ KaKoe-ru6o or_HOTIJeHH,e K o6ilIU.He, Cnparanueft cBor4 pyrK0nr{cr.r, B KyM-paHCKlrx neuepax.

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OAHul,l Hs Har.r6o,'Iee Bax,Hbrx /lorl{}M€HTors o6qtrHLI gs-,rrg,ercrr ee Vcrae. B Heu u3,'rafa,IoTcff uent o6u{uHbr, no,prl-AOK npHex{a Ho,Bbrx rrr'IeHoB fi ,HX LiCIrbrTaHl,r,e, o,cHo,BbI AVaflr{_crnrrecKono yqeHHfl o6uIu,Hbr, ilpa,Bu,'Ia, pefy,'rrrpyrcuue co-rIli.aJlbHbte orHoueHr.rfl tr BgyrpeHHIoIo xtr3Hb o6luHltu, .Ha-Ka3ar^Hfl 3a pa3,rlrr{lHbre trpocrynKr{ lr r. ,q. K Mcra,g! T€:cHonpHMbrKaer Qpar,lreur, lrg,eecrHlrr? noA Ha3Ba,Hueilf rexcraA Byx KoroH oK, p efy,'ulpyloutufi nip a Bu,q a r,o,BeAeHtrfl q!,r eHoBo6uru,nn <). o6a aomyueHTa ,riepeBeAergblHa pyccrnft rr3brK c o6uilpirull ucroplr,xo-Qli,[o,[,orr4e€,oKnr\{KoMMeHTaprzein K. E. Crapxonofi. Eo,"ryluroe KorHr{ecrBoQpanlreuroe V,cra,na, Hafi4g,11,1161* s 4-ft neqepe, eIrle Heony6,rtmonaHo. [Io coo6nleHiuxt X. Mu.rruxa,^ 3Trr Qparr-rvreHTbr coAeprxar nyuul.tti Bo MHon4x orHo,Iuerit,ttx reKrcr,qeM 'reK,cr l-tl .neure'nn.

Boii,Ha cblHoB cnera npornB cbrHoB Tb,MbI, II!'IH cBHffofiBoftuu (puc. 4), - oAHo us uar6onee csoeo6pa3Hbr,x ,rpo-HsseAeuuft Hafi 4eHu,ort 6u6 nuo"r axv, rie lr,Meroul-ee aHan,oilrruu n uyg9iroKoft, Hr.r B xpr.r'crnancxoft ,rureparype. OcuosHaqero oco6eH'Hocrb 3aK,'rrcqaercff B ToM, rrro, 3Aecb HapqAy

20

C ANOKAUIU.I]TH qCICKI,I,M I,I I,I SCXATOTOTU qE.CKI.I M'I,I N P EACT A B,{C.

HHflMw o no,cJre.u,Heft n pe'uarcqeii cxearKe NIexAV cHJIa-MitI cBera, ,lo6pa n cuilawv, Tbl\{bI u 3r'la u,N{eercfl peaJlrucrl{-qecKoe uao'6paxeHn,e .4eranei.i soilHbl r.r BoeHHoro aeJIa(opyxun, cHapnxeHufl, gHaMelH, a raKxe B'oeHHoro crpott,crparerltlr, rarxrltxu). B riaqa,re cBIrTKa paccKa3blBaercqo ueJrgx BorlHbr, o Bpafax, c I(oropbINIL{ npeAcrottr cpa-xarbcff, o ,II,JrII.TeJrb'Hocru 6opl6bl, 3aretrr noApo6uo roao-pfircq o Bor4H,cKII'x rpy6ax ,Ir no.paAKe rpy6uux cltrHa,'toiBB Jlareptx t{ ua sofirHe, o BoeHHux s,rarax u sHaMeHax,o BI.rAax opy>rug, o BoeHHoM crpoe, o6 o6qga'uuo'crflx )Kpe-I{oB r.r 3HaqeHLIH paB.IIuq'Hbtx ltpou3BoAIlNIbIX ],tMH rpy6ur,rxCI{IIH3"IIOB, O pa3,'II'Iq'HblX TaKTTUqeCKHX nO'CTpOeHH,tlX I,I I{a-HeBpax. VlsEatent u ttcc.leAoBarer'tb cBI4TKa BoftuunpoQ. 'V. flnun ,noiKa3aJl, qro B Hervr IHZIII.,'I[ cBoe orpa)Ke-H,rle BoeHHar opfaiHH3a\Lts w c'Ha'pnxeHHe pHMcKI'lx atpnaltil,nplrqeM aBTop cBrHTKa O6HapvxrunaeT ocHoBare,'lbHoe 3Ha-KOMCTBO C yCrp,ofi,Crrnorvl BoeHHoro Ae.Ia ! plirMJlfl'H.

B ocgone grono npor,I3Belerulll,'rexHT Avarucr'lrqecKoeyqeHH,e o AeaeHI4H MI.{pa ,Ha <<CblHOB CBeTa>> }i <<CbI'HOB

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o6rqn,Hbr, B cpeAe Korop,oftonu 6atnu co3,[,a,Hbr. Cpelu fi,ccJreAoBSTe,{efr pacnpocrpa-HC'HO M,HCIHI,IC, qTO ABTOPCTBO Pfl.[,A fI,IMHOB NPI,IHAN,JIC)KI'ITocHoBareJrlo H H,reoJrorv o6un,Hu - <<yqureJll,o npaBeaHo-crr..r>> 12. Kgura faNlHos HMeer 6o.nuuoe 3HaqeHl,te .IIJrq BbIflc-HeHHfl HAeoJrofnu r tacropnu o6ultHbr, ee cog.lasureft.

Oco6yro rpynry cpe.4n Kyr,lpancKtrx pyxonucefi cocraB-rrntor rar HagbrBaeMble Kyupaucxu,e KoMMeHrap:l:g Ha6u6nefi,crue KHrlrr4. B Hacroquree BpeMfl o,ny6luxonanurI(oMMenrapvv Ha KHr.rrH Xa6ar<xyxa (Anuaxvrr,ra), HaxyMa,IlcarMoe, MuxeR, Vcaft,w, Co$oHrarn, Ocnu. I4s unx roJrbKoKoM,Me'Hrapuft na Xa6axxyxa cpaBHureJrbHo xopouo co-xpaHr.r"rycs (puc. 6). Ocranssue Ha3BaHHbre KoMMeHrapr,rr.rttp e,lcraB/reH br He3Ha qHTeJr bHbr N{ H Qp aru eura:uu.

Bce KoMrueHrapHu cocraBJreubr rro o,npeAeJreHHoMyrua6nouy: BHarIaJre npr.tBo.[,]rrcfl TeKcr crux a r4tltu qacrLIcrr{xa KoMMeHrnpyeuofi 6u'6neficxoft KItHflr, a 3areM cJre-AyeT e|O LITCTOIKOBaHHe, npe.4BaprleMO,e CJIOBOM <<rIMI]Jp6>>,

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Kyrnlpaucr<lie KoMMeHrapr.r14 npe,trcra,Brqnr co60ft Ho-auft nureparypHufr xaHp B no,c.le6u6.nefi,cxoft Jrr.rrepary-pe. Kou'noskrwnfl, v xapaKTep Ko,MMeHTapr.reB onpeae,'rrrror-ct TeM, qro ux aBTo,pbI B'HAeJII{ B Kax.u,oM cTLIxe KoMMg}I-r[pyeMbrx 6u6.rreficxsx rexcroB oKyraurrbre raftuoft npen-cKa3aHrI4tr, coKporBeH'Hbrr? cuu,cn Koro'pbIx 6un ueu,gqecteuAaxe [popoKaM, 3ar[u,caBrur{M lrx co cJroB 6ora. flo vrne-HITIO Kylvlp aHCKIi'X KOMMeHTaTOpO'8, JII{IIIb OHI{, IIO-BHtrl.I'MO-My, qepe3 n,ocpeAcT'Bo <<yql'rTeJrr npaBeAHocTr.I>>, KoTopoMy6,or orrpu,r <<B,ce raftrHbl cJro:B €fo npopoKorB-pa6on>>, 6uru

22

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cyx(Aesue. Cpeau paBrr.rr{Hbrx npeAlto,'Io}KeHr.rft 6H,rH sH-CKaSa,HrbI AOTaAKII 0 eCCefrrCKO[I npOrltCXOXAeTH}rH AOTKyMeH-Ta 14 o Aoxpurcrr.ra'HcKo,M ero npoucxoxAeuuH. PasyMeercfl,BCe 3T,O OCTa,Ba,tlOCb rnnOregOit.

Cpasy nocJre rrepBbrx ny6"nuxauuir KyN{pancKli,x pyKo-nucei'r (Vcran lr Kon,ueurapuii na Xa'6axxyxa) crala nc-Ha qpe3Bblrafilaas, 6nusocrr K HuNt !,alraccxo,ro AorKy.MeH-ra. Heu<or,opbie vqeHbre cpa3y xe ir 6eso,roBop.orrHo BKJrroqH-;in Aa'vaccxttft ,u,ony,veHT B r(pyf K]r,upaHcr(ax pyxon;ucei.i.3ro npeAn'oJrloxeHr4e 6necrgute troATBepAlrdrocb Haxc,{-xa,l,lu n 4, 5 n 6-ii neqepax Qpaluenion .Il,auacoxcroAoryueHra. B 1956 r. 6u,rru ony6r'rr{,KoBaHbl $palueu'rsl6-11 neurepu. rJpes'nlruafi,Ho sax'Hsre $parueurur 4-fi ne-UIeipbI raKxe eilIe xAyT cBOefO Ony6nuix,O,na'uus. 14 renepbHer Hr.rKaKHx conageHufi B nplrHaAJ'Iexuocrr.{ .[,auaccxoroAoK],rMeHra K Kpyry KyMpa'Hcr(H,x pyxonu,ceir.

rc,preAlt p]r{oriuceir I -fi neureprr o6napyxeH QparueurpaHee Hel.rerBe,crrH,oro a,noxpuSuuecKoro coqr.rHeHr{g K]HHrrrTart,H, npe4craa,rflroxrHr? 6ontuofi r.rHTepec: <<OHr{ He se-.qa,rcr raftsu 6y4yuero u B np'o,rx,rr'oM He par3o6'parucb, nerio3'H3Jrr{ npeAcT'orrqee uNr u He cna'cJIrI AyrxH cBoH oTraftsrr 6yayqero. l,I eor Balr 3ua[reHlre rorro, qro npeA-cror,rr. KorAa (yrpo6ur), xopolKAalouxe Kpr.rBAy, 6yAyr sa-nepTbI, HeqeCTIiie OTAajlll.ITCg OT iI,Ilqa npaBeAHOCTA (lt,rttcnpaBeAr'n{Bocrur. - H. A.), KaK TbMa orcrvnaer,nepeA cBe-ToN'I; lI KaK pacceuBaercfl AbrII rr Her ero 6o,rr'ure, TaK r.rcqe3-HeT HeqecTHe HaBeKrI, a npaBeAHocTb rr'osBr.rTcfl KaK coJrHue,fiBJrflrouee'cfl ycTaH'oBJreHlrbrM nopfl'AKoM Mupa; ii Bce noA-Iepx(rllBaloulrfie... - HeT ltx 6o,rsure. 3HaHae 33[or'IHI{T M}lp,Ir ue 6'yAel B Her,r HHx(orAa 6onsute rr'r'yrr,ocrr.r. Vroronanoc,noBy c6urrcs rr rrcr,ulrHo lpopoqecrBo, ]r orcroAa Aa 6yAerBaM uSBecrrlo, rrro oHo (r. c. caroBo) HeorBparuiMo. PasgeI{e BCe FIapOAI)I H'eHaB}lAflT KlltlB.ly, ll T0NI He l\leliee OHa Cpe'Arr nHX Bcex BoAlrrcfl. Paaee He n3 ycr Bcex HailoAoa (uc-xoAprr) xBar'ra flpaBAe, Ho l{}reIoTctI /'rtr ycra }I 93brK, nplt-Acpx(lrBalourrecs ee? Ka(oii rrapo;l )K€r"raer 6arTb yruereH-nbrriu co cToporrbr 6,o,r,ce cltJrbHofo? I(ro nox<e;laer, {To6H e|ti;1o6po (rr,l.no orpa6,reuo Herrecrrtro? A xaroit HapoA He yr-leraer cBocro coceAa? f4e trapo.q, titlropuii He rpa6lrr rruy-utecrBo y Apyroro...> (l QMyst I, 3 - l2).

B nprrneAeu,HorM orpbl'BKe, KaK Kaxercg, Ae,,Iaerct uarK OTKa3Jr OT KOHI{enql4l.{ U.CK,nIOqIITe.(b'HOCT}I <<I{3Op2HHO,lO

FapoAa> rr npu3Har{rrrc paseHcrBa BCex HapoAcB. Taxo:

25

ABr.rx{eHr4e Mbl,cJlI4, H€,CO|MHOHIH,O, AOJIX('HO 6Ot"lto cttoco6ct'BoBarb ocyrqecrBJleH'I{to oA}Ioti H3 HaI'I6oJ'Iee Bar(Hblx SaAarl

HapO)KAaBIXefOCfl XpI{CTrI'llHCTBzl "IIOMKe 9THHIIOCIiHX I{ C0"

4r,IaJrbHbrx neperopoAoK, IIenp,oxoAI'IMofI creIIOft paSAeJItIB'urHX Hspro[br P',IIMOKoft I.IrM'IIepI.IH. BOnpoc 06 aBropcTBe 3T0'ro orpblBKa, BpeMeHI{ gro co3AaHufl fi npIiHaAJIeXH'O'CTI{ K

co6 crBeHHbrr{ n p ous B eAeHI{ tlM KyM p a H'cIrofI o6lqltHbl ocr& 9T"

cfl ,o'IrKpblTbIrM.- iurbuor Helioropble HaH6oJIee BaxHbte It3 ony6Jl]'IKo'

BaHHbrx Ao cHX nop KyMpaHcxl{x pyKornncefi. 3a urcK,qpq€'HIIeM .CeMlr{ C'Br.r'.TKO'B lt p gAa Qp arue'ur'oB, IIp]I',HaAJIeX(aUIUX

I4epy,cannu,cKoMy yHLI'Bep'cllrery, gcq ocraJIb'Hat Macca

QparueHrorB, qerblpe cBurKa LIB.ll'ii neuepbl I,I MeAHble

cBriTr{rr Haxo,zl,sr'cfl B pacnopsxeHl'I14 I'IOpAaHC-KOfO IIpa'BI'I-

TeJrbcrBa r.r paSMeule'H'bl B naJIeCTIIIHCKOM ApXeol'oruue-ctioM My3ee. I4syueuueM LI I{SAaHIr'eM I'lX 3aHI'IMaeTog cne-rll{aJrbHo co3AarHubl;ft MexAyHa,poAHbIfI KoiMI4TeT yqerHbIX-

C[€III4'a"TI I4.CTOB. CC'M b C BI,I T,KO B O NY 6JI LIIKOB AHbI P ASTUq'HbI M }I

orAeJlbr{br,Mr| rrs,.a:f.vflMr.r B CIIIA $ Vlspar4ile. <DparuenruB [peAiBapr.rTeJlbTto,M rlopstAKe ny6.nuryrclcs B clleqMaJlb'Hbrx >KypHaJrax pa3JII{q[{bIx cTpa'H'. oKoHqareJlbHoe . Hayq-Hoe r.r'3Aa,Hr{'e 0parMeHroB (,no orAerbHblM reqepaM) ocy-rqecrBJrferca a

-o$r.ruuaJlbHoft cepH,II <<'orxputua B_ I'lyAefi-

crofi ,nycrnue>> (<Di,sc,overies in the Juda,ea'n Desert>).Ao 1964 r. r{3tAa,HbI TpII rOMa (,C ,AByM,q noJlytoMaMu) eroficepr{,r4, H3 KOT,OpbIX KyMpaHcKlIM pyKo'III,,I',cqrM nocBguleHblro'rtla I H 3. Toru 2 nooesqen AoKyMeHraM LI3 Baaa-My-pa66aar (ou. r"rr. tII).

Haqag'uee'cg Bo BceM MItlpe LITHTeHcIITBHoe II3yqeHueKyMpail{,cKll.x pyrKo:nlaceft eHrlulo,cb B Hel{'ocflrxaeuuft noroKt{rc,cJreAoBaHufr -

rxuun H cTaTeft, Ko'JIHqe'crBo KoTopblx yxeNDCBbICHJIO Nfl.Tb TbICflII,

ll. HyMPAHCHAfl OBIIHHA

Kouy lpuH a.u,,l ex art a eta o6unptt as 6u6 tluo"tera? lAe,Kor,u,a u KaK )I(*IJII4 BJIaAeJIbIIbI aTI'Ix plnKornHceft? Kaxo-sH 6ntru fix xosql:IclBe'H,HbIe 3aHsri4fl H colrua"Ibllble or-HoIueHIIfl, BHyrpe'HHstt op'ralHLI3auI{9 I.I 6ltr, HAeor'orfltI€'

cKr,ie Bo3gpeut'ts? tlro sacrasuno 6u.nux BJIaII'eJIbueB oTIIX

pyxonucefi ,onptrarb I'Ix'B neuepax? Bor JII'Itub HeKoropble

tas MHOroqucJIeIIHbrX Bo'npoco;B, roJopble npexAe Bcero

BCTaJTH nepeA LICCJIeAoBaTe"IflMH. Aelo g'H'aqIlTeJIhHo oc-

JrolK,IIseTCq reM, qro B'ce H3BeCTHbIe Ao cllrx flop KyMpaH-

CKI'IC pyKOnUCH He I'IMeIOT AaTbI I{X COa}lH€HlIfl I{JII'I llepe'nr"*r, ", nanao.pa$uue'cxan Hx AarHpo'BKa ('no saqep'ra-

Hliro 3T{a,KOB I'I xapaKrepy nucbMa) ..sarpyaneHa reM' r{TO

3rO nepBble ApeBH'lIe pyKo'nH'CH' Haft.u'eH'Hble Ha reppuro-;;; fi;;;";*Li. rul("ni o6pasou, B'osrHHK cnoeo6pasuufi

iaxo.lt,u.oeaHHtrfi Kpyr. K;rnq AJIs petrleul{'fl MlHorfi,lx 3a-

faAOqrHblx BOnpOcoB AaJII{ apXeOJlOnlIqeCKI'Ie pa'CKO'nI{H py-

HH,- pacnoJloxeHHblx s6rl'IsH neue-p' beAyultlt Ha3blBaltlr

"x' uXup 6er-Kvtrl p au>>, r. e. pyllrHbl Kyu p a'u a'

Pacxonxn'Xdp6er'KyMpaHa I'I .HaxoAsulllxctl Henoaa'

JIeKV Or Hero pa3Ba.rllH -CTpoeHHq Afiu-Oeuxu llpoll,cxo.I,1{-

n, . tgst no lg5g r. o6,lrapyxes qe.nuft r{oM{nrrer{c crpoe-

HHft , p a 3AeJI€,IIHbIX ABo'p a MI.{. BuyT p u ABo p o'B-- n u I:'a:,f,i:oceMb'6ioflbuJI{X Ka'MeHHbIX BO'AOeMOB-UII',CTepH' COo'o[laB-

rIIHxcg c pz3rB€TB'JIeHH'Ofi CUCTeM'oft aKBeAyKa' il noMeule'

Hus np0LiS'BOACTBeHHO|O HaS'.Haqe'HHtl: roHqapHble Macrep-

CKI'Ie e neqarlvll'I AJIfl O6')KI'Ifa' ilpaqeq'Hatl' KparCI'UIbH"" 141ôcno'n'Hoe crpo.rHl{€ .ocrogJlo II3 psAa noMeIueHI4H' \-,'aHU

r.r3 HI1X CJIyxiI',lJIO, no4B1IAI4MrOMy' nu',c11orBofi (crpuntopufi)'O qCM CBMACTCJIbICTBYIOT O.CTATKI,I TUINCOBbIX GTOJIO)B I,I qCP.

Hlr,'lbHI4UbI;KOIMIHaracKaMeHHbI'MI{cKaMbflMI'IB',["OJIbcTeg'Bo3,MoxHo, npeAuaggaqaJlacb AJIfl coiBeluaHl'Ifi C'oBeTa 0'6-

,rr"""; .aro. 6o.nruroe noMeuleHue (22X4,5 iu) 6uno, ae'

27

poflTHee Bcefo, nrecTolvr co6parrHfi ,o6uuur,l II B TO )Ke Bpe-rv-[fl Tp'oII€3Hoft. K ueuy nplr,MbrKaeT He6,onlUas KO]MI{a-ra - nocyjtHas, rAe o6HapylKeuo oKoJro 1200 aKKypalHDcocTaBJIeHHbtx TOpIJKOB, TaperloK, gaul, KyBIITHHOB.

DO,'rbrrroH IrHTepec npeAcTaBJlteT KoMrilIeKC IIOTMeUIe-Huri, cocraBJiq,BllJltft ,e csoeft ,corBoKynHoc.TIz To, rITo ublTenepb Ha3Ba,tII 6u <<null1e6,'l060u>>: K,rla,[o,Bble, qMIrI-gep-HoxpaHIIJIlIlJ1a, MeJlbiHrtUtr, xne6oneKapHfl, o6uupHaR x5'x-Hs. 3arogu AJII cKora u cyur.Ir'IKI{ Qu,Hnxon Aono,,IHgroTKapr14Hy xLosrricrBerHHbrx coopyxesuft. tr4s cenbcxoxo3grt-cTBe,HHbr,x opyAHfi o6Hapyxeubr x.ere3rHbre cepnbr. BO.nr-u,oe 3HageHHe rr{Mee-T HaxoIKa K/'IaAO,B MO,H€T (Cepe6pl_Hbrx H 6pousonux). Hau6,onee paHHu,e lr3 Hux Aarr.rpyrorcsr{oHrIo'M II s. ao H. s., a Hari6o,'ree no3ArHHe._ 6g i."n. e..r. e- BropbrM rroAor,r I4yleftcxorl softinrl nportrB puua.

Apxeo.noruuecxr.re HaxoAKIr rroi3Bouru,,ru cAeJIarb B.ax-Hbte BbIBoAu. rlpexge Bcerc ycraHoBJreno nonHoe cxorA-crB_o KepaN{ranru Xup6er-KylrpaHa c KelpaMr.rKorl, uarireu_H'oft e neulepax c pyKonr.rcrrMu. fl,oxasarertHo raK)KecxoAcTBo ua4nr.riceri Ha cocyAax, HairAerH,HUx n Xup6er-KyupaHe, c HarrepraHr.rrrMu sHaKo,B .B py[(on]r,cqx. florHoecxoAcrBo KepaMlrxtr roBopHr o 6eccnopHoft csqsu MexryueHTpa,'rbHbrM cTpoeHHeM It ,1rcLbMLI, C.np,gTaBIIIr{MH B ne-qepax pyK,on,tlc]r. B sroN{ saK,ry}oqaercff oAriH r{s saxHefi-llrux uToirorB pacKonoK. Marepua,rb] pacK,onorK AanT TaK-x{e npeA,craBJreHrre o xossftcrseHHbrx 3a,Hq.THqx o6urare_nefi erux crpo,ernr.rri._ I4syueHue ocrarKoB sAaHr.rft H coopy_xeuufi roBo'pur o6 o6qecrBeHnoM r.x xapaKrepe. 5iooblJr ue'Hrp coBMecrHoro rpyAa u norpe6.ne,Hr{rr ltpu oi6ulellKacce (uu n o4uorl rrs neuep He HafiIeHo MoHer, B roBper\{s KaK ,rrx MiHoro B ueHrpa.!bHo[,r crpoeHlru). flo u,ue-Hrrro P. Ae B_o, pacKonaBlrreio Xup6er-l(ylrpa,u, KoJrr{qecr-BO qJreHOrB o,6ullrHi,t, fpynnxpoBaBr.ilr.lxcfl BoKpyr lIeHTpaJIb-HOI.O CTpoeHr.rfl, He npeBbtua,'ro .qByxcoT qe!,toBel(.

l|Io apxeo'no-rutrJecKuM AaHHbn\{, crpoejHlre gro Bo3HHK.rlos 40-x roAax II s. ao H. a.,6trno BpeueHHo noxilHvToIloc,re 3er\,rJlerpgceHllq 3l r. Ao lI. o.,3arct\,I o,Kc,,to 4 r. Iort. g. (rr,r"rro BrlroBb orcTpoelo tr rpocyu{ccTtso,Ba,rto Ao 68 r.ru. e. B 68 r. u. e. BO BpeN{fl Lly.ueii'cxoii nousr,l rpo,rrrrrPrrna Xup6er-KynrpaH 6lr,r saxsaqeH X prr,nrcxutr jenro-HoM, cO)K)Ke'H H pa3pltUC'H, a 3aTeM qaCTrrqHO OTCTpoeHA,Ts ,noce,rreHrrfl rB lHeM p14r\,rcKoro rapHlr3oga. Oro HaxonI.{T_crr B rro,'rHo,M coorBercrBl.rlr c coo6uleHuenr lZocuQa Ona_

?q

iriit o 3axBare etoro pafioHa plr\.rcxuxl liil{neparopou Bc,-crlacHarHoM B ,t{rorHe 68 r. H. s. 06 oroM cBrrAere,rrbcrBylrolTaKlKe ocTaTrflr prr,MrcKor'o opylKlrfi Ir puM,cKrrc M,clHeTbr.Taxum o6paeorlt, apxeonoruiqecKr.r ycraHaB"rrnBaelrafl lt,cro-purr crpoeurrir ,qaer ilpeKpacHyn oclro'By ,r,rrr ottpe,'le.irc-1111fl )i;pO',ItO";tOIItrtC.Cl{ltX ilai\toK oeir|ratrttg 3Aecb grf,qrirltr,r,cclgAasruefi I{yN{paHcKrie pyKonriclr. Xil3rrr, o6ulunu, iro.ce,tursueft,cg B nycrbrggofi ntecrHocrrl Ha ceBepo-3ana,u,Ho.Mno6e,p,exre Mcprnoro Molpfl, nporeKa,'ra Me)KAy AByr,rrKpln,HbrMlr HapojlHo-ocBo6olt.ilTe,lr,Hbrrrit i],,Brr)KeH,Hs,Mu -or Ma,KKaBeiicxoii nofiun 164--14l rr. ro rr. .1. nporun Ce-JieBKIHAO,B AO LIyAefiC'rOrl S,OUi'r{br, r{,[r{ arrrlrprr}.{cKofo BOC-

craHllfl, 66-73 ff. rH. 3. l.Do,uee nogpo6irlte cBeAeltufl o BHyr'peHHeii N<rls,xu o6-

IIIHHbI, gg 9,pf3'HLI3aULl,H, COUIIaJIbHOM CTpOe lI uAeo,lofuqe'cKr,Ix Bog3peHl{sx Aalor ca}Iu pyKorrrrcll. Ottr{ noxasslBalor,qro o'6ulrma, Koropyrc Mbr y,c/'r'oBHo - rro MecroHaxoxAe-H:HIO plKo,nu,Ceft U pa3,BaJrr{H rleHrparHHoro crpoeTIHfl -r{ a 3brrB a eM Kyt{ p a,HcKofi, np eAn p HHsr'r a B yeAuH e'Hit{rr lrly neh-cKoft n)rcrst'Hr.r r'opa3r.rne.rrbHylo A,'rfl cBoef o BpeMeHLI no-rrbrrKy ocyulecr'BJreHi.lfl cMeJroil coquanrHoii yro,nuu - op-f a HLI3 a qI4 IO K0 JI!'I 0KTII BI,I,CTICKO lO CTp O fl >KI{S'H I'I.

B q'u,c,re Nr,H'ofux caNIorHa3BaH'nfi o6urra,Hlr oco6eHuo o6-paualor ua ce6q EHrI4IuaHLIe c,'Ie,u,yrou[e: <<o6IqHHa 6er-iHbtx>>, <<,npocrellbi>> (unu <<ltalue>>), <<H,ontrft Co,ros> (u.lu<<Ho'ebrft 3a,net>), <<cbr,Hbr cBera>>, <<o6urufia lrrcrli'Hbr>>,<<o6tt1u,Ha t,ts,6paHi{uKom 6ot'a>> H Ap. CaM,oHagBaHue <<o6-

uruHa 6eA'n!rt)) eif,rr{fl€T'e,rhcrrByer o,6 orplluare,'IHHoM oTHo-ueH'LrH x 6rorarcrsy u 6orartt.l,r. C,oqna,lbHaR HanpaBJreH-Hro'crb 3Tono caM,oHa3,BarHl4fl BIAHa TaK]Ke u3 KyMpaHcKo-19 119i14uggTapufl Ha 37-ft ncanou. B x,ol,tirlenrapa,a K crl{'xau 2l-22 rornopurcs: <<I4Meetcs B BLIAy o6u{aHa 6e.u,-

Hbrx, ,noropbre yHac,reAylor 6orarcrea (nrll HacneAne)

t B 1963 r- aHr,ruiicxnii yuettrrii Teiixep Bl,lcryllu,'I B )riypHane<Antiquity> co crarrefr, n xoropoii oH nblraercq onponeprHyrr o6ue-np[]rsrylo Tenepb B HayKe nHTepnpeTaqrtrc apxeoflofrlqecKoro xoMnJIeKCaXup6er-Kyrvrpaua. llo MHeHrrIo Teiixepa, pa3BaJII.tHbr 3roro crpoennttnpeAcraBd'rtiloT co6oii ocrarrfi xplrcrHaHcKofo ItoHacrbrp[ paHHeBn3aH-ruiicxoro BpeMeH[ (lV n. H. s.), a HaiiaeHHbre B neuepax pyKonlrcl.I HI4-

KaKono orHolreHtrn K sroMy crpoeHulo He ttMeror. Cnott Bo33peHnqTeftxep o6eqaer pa3Blrrb B cne(uaJlbHofr xunre, Koropaq, pa3lMeerctt,nor,pe6yer oco6oro paccMorpeHurl u paa6opa. Aosoan Teiixepa He npeA-craBflrlorcq y6,e4nre.nruurur.r, oco6enuo B cBere pacKonoK MacaAu(tI963-1964 nr.).

8,Cex ,Iteqecrl{BuelB>. Cn'o'sa rof,o :'ke ncaJIMa: <14 xporxtieyHacJr,eAylor BeMJIro> KoMMe'HTLipylo'rcs raK: <<14ltleetcg ssEAy o6ulu'sa 6eAsux (<<enftoHnu>), xonopue ttpI4]'{yr no-KarHr{e u 6yayr cna'ceHbr or Bcex cereit .u,uqsoila, a garelu6yayt uacJlaxAarbcr B'ceMit,t 6larantu geMJII,t>. He u,crtrc-ugHa B0BMOX(HO'CTb, qro B STOM KO,MMeHTapHH I{MeeTCfltsHyrpeHHflg arfpa cJroB. fieno n roM, q19 BcrpeqarculeecflB ncaJrMe cJroBo 'nwym - <<KporKIIe>> Moxer 6um npoun-TaHo KaK 'nyym - <<6eAHrte>.

HagsaHue <Hosbrft 3aeer> (ru.nr.r <<H,osufi Coros>) ro-Bopr.rr o rorvr, q'T'o rro [pe,u,craBJreHusM Ky'MpaHcxofi o6utr.r-ttor <<Crapuft 3a,eer>, gaKJrloqeHuurt trrex4y 6orolr u nar-p[apxorvr ArBpaaMoM u gsusw$iteq ocHosofi <<C,orc3a>>

MexAy Plaxse r.r HyAeficKr.rM HapoAoM, yrparr{.[ cBoro cllr]H HarlaJrcg IIep]r,oA <<Hosoro 3anera>>, SaKflloqetHH,ono 60-roM c Ky,MpaH,cKoli o,6ulugoft. HanourguM, t{Tor <<HorsbIM

CorcsoM> Hasrrsana ce6s'parHHexpr4-crilanc'Klte o6uugu uTaK Ao cr.rx nop HasbrBaercs c.BoA rrpono,seAeuuft x'pl,tcrll-aHcMro. <(HolB03aB eTHot'o>> KaHoHa.

He ue,Huuuft uxre,pe'c npeAcraBJrser caMoiHagBaHLre<<cbIrHbI ciBeTa>>. Toquo TaK )Ke HaSbIBaroT ce6g xplrcruageB eBarrreJrbcKlrx r€,KCrax (I,'IoaHu, 12, 36; Jlyxa, 16, 8) .

Jlyulue Bcero flporl.rBo,rrocraBJr e,Hr{e <<cbr,H,oB cBera> <<cbrHaM

TbMbr>) Br,rAHo us flepnoro rlocranr{q r $eccano*rnxufiuau(5,5): <<I,16o sce Bbr cblHbr cBera H cbrHbr AHr: llu He (cot-nn) Hr{ Hoqr{, HLr rbMbr>>. Cpeau npo}rB,BeAeHuf,r, o6,Hapy-xen'Hbrx s 1945 r. B Er'lr.rlnre (aepennr XeHo6o,cruou), o'ra-gaJr'ocb raxxe anoxpuQuuecroe Esanrerue or @,ouu.B Heu l,lzcycy [pHnr4cbrBaercfl cJre,u,y]ouee r{3peqenr{e:<<Hucy,c c'KagaJr: Ec.iru saM ro'B,opsr: orKyAa Bbr poAr.{-JI,LI,Cb?

-rCKZX(HT€ I{M: MbI pO,U,LUII.{Cb OT CBeTa, TaM, rAe

cBer caM poArlJlcfl... Ecnu BaM roBopqr: Kro sH? - cra-xLITe: Mbr efo rcbtHo,Bbg u tr.tu na6pa,HHbre orua, xoropuftxr,tB>> 2.

Haxogeu, Ha3BaHI,Ie <<ltpocrelrbl>> , r4ilv <<IoHhle>>, <Ma-Jlbre>> (nerafirr,r>),-repMr.rH, HanoMnHarourufi paHnexpl,t-crI,IaHoKoe BbIpaxeHLre <<MaJIbre crru>>, <<MJraAegubru (uHi-nnofi>), Kor,opbre B HoBo3aBeruoft nureparlp€ n'porr{Bo'n0'-cTaBJrflroTcq <MyApbrM H paSyM,Hbrru>>.

flo yue'Huto o6uluiHu, MLIp 1I3BerIHo pagAeJIeH lHa Atsa

z l-{ur. no cr.: M. K. Tpotpunroea, Ha ucropuu u1eotoeuu II oexaH. a.,- BAI,I, 1962, Ni 4, mp. 82.

30

pe3Ko lrpothB,octoslllHx 1.r Bsau:MHo u,cl(Jlioqalcillrx npyrApyra nafept LIJIH <<iqapcrBa>: qap'crBo sBera' ,qo6pa ltIIpaBAhl, K KOTOTp'brM KlnMpaHI'lTbI OTHO'CHJ'I,I TOJIbK'O caMMx

ce6a, u qap'crBro <(cbIHoB TbMbI>>, K l{oropbl'M oHIl orHocu-JrH Becb ,orcialwoii naup. BexoeellHas 6o,pl6a Mex,u,y erII-Ml'I AByrMs UapcTBaMII AOJI)fi'Ha 3arBepurllTbcfl <<rB KoHqe

LHeft> coKpylxI.ITeJIbHbI'M _ n'opax{eHlleM ilarepff_ TbMbI llno6eaoft uciriros cBera>>. Ilenr,p BcrlnflJleHltfl s o6qi'IHy oHll

crMTaJrI4 orr,aeJlerHlle or cbI,HoB TbMbI, or nnAeii 3ra H KpI{'B-

Lti, OT llaipCTBa Benuana, II COSAaTHI'Ie B flycrbllHe cKpbl-

Tofo or rlocroP0HH€fo Bsopa' cyry'6o 3aMKgyroro peJII'Ifu'

ogrrolro I{ rpyAo'Bofo KofiJIeKrl'I'Ba' Koropblft 6yaer AesreJlb-h,o rornorsutb c€,6g K <IIocr'IeA'HI{l\{ ,llTIf,M> Ii peIuI'ITeJIbTlbIrl\{

cpax(e,Hr.IflM c JlafepeM TbMbI.' OcHoaHH'rlLI npLI3HaKaMI'{ coqHaJIbHofi opranI'I3au}Irli

oSnluust, orpaxe'tlnofi n Vctane, flBJIflJII'I'cb o6unt'ocrlfiMvule,cr,Ba,

- o6qearenblrotfi coslvlectlufi rpyA I{ KoJIJIeK-

rnsnhrfr 6ur. Tax, IIbI qllTaeM g Vcra,se gfulugbl, <<gce

Te, Kro Ao6porsoruHo I'I3bslBJIqer nor'oBHocrb npl'IAepxu-

artoa" "at"not

6ora, Ao.ttxHbl nplluecti{ s o6ulfl},Y 6craBCe CBOe 3rHaH',LIe, BrCtO CtsOro cuny (r' e. rrpyA' - kI' A',) Lt

Bce cBoe l{rMyure,crBo> (IQSI, 1l-12). tr{g o6uIHocrI'I I{My-

rrlecrBa u o6ssarenbHo'crll corEMecrHOrFO rpyAa SaKOIIOMep-

Ho BbITe,KaJILI TaKxe co'BMecr'Hble rpa[e3bl (<("]BMecre oy-

Ayr nllrarbce, B'Mecr€ coBelqarbct>- IQSVI, 2-3)' Vc-

nir","" or6opa H npI'IeMa HoBblx qJIeHorB 6u'llll se'crua

crpof'LllvlI,l. Kaxqrrft EH'orBb Bcrynarc[u{ft noAgep'rarcq rlpo-

sebxe ('sHyrpeHHee coBepueHcrB'c I'I npeAaHHocrb ocHor

saM vqiHI,Ifl -o6utr'rnlr),

3areM npoxoAlla AByxJIerrHI'IH I'Ic-

nutaistrttttft cpox, Bo BpeMq l{oropofo. erc }rMyulecrBo

eule <(He CMeIII'ITBaJIOCb>> C ]rMyuecrBotu o'6llluuut' JIBUE

nocJle HeoAHOKpaTHofi t't scscTorpouneft npoBepKli HOBI4q-

KO'B OHr,r peuleHfieM O6qero co6pa,u'ilr 3aqfi'c,'IgJ1t'Icb B IIO,'I'

Honpan'nnie qJIeHbI o'6url.tHbl, I{x rrMyurecrBo <<cMeIIlII'Ba-

JIOCb>>, T. e. nocry,naJlo B pa'on'orp9)Kegue o6ultlHbl' 2 ca'MH

orl{Ir Eaqt{HaJIII npi'irIII'IMorb sKTHB'Hoe yrlacrlle s o6uu'HHoia

X{H3II1,I.-----Vcianoru npeAy'cluarprBaerctl crpofafl cy6opgn11-

ut{fi Bo Ecex Boi]pocax TpyAa tI I'IMyluecrBa: <l lycrbunaAruufi cnyrraercr crapulero oruo'cureJlbHo rpyAa Ilr(asHbl> (lQS VI, 2). ,I[,onxnocrHoe JII{qo, BeAaloulee rpy'Ao,M qJIeHos 0'6urliHlt, HaSBaHo B TeKcre <rHaA3l{p-a-TeJI€}M

iua paOorofo nonuonpaBublx qrleuoe o6qrult (lQS VI' 20) '3l

i-i,olo6nax yHrrBep,car.'rbH a i xo,rle,r<rureriiocrn 6sr,r a, oI-HaKo, xapa'KTepHa He A,IIfl 'scex o6qfiH K,)rMpagcKo,ro To,rr-Ka. B !,auaccKoM Aoryx{€,Hrc, Horrrp}iMep, xapaKrep co-{r.raJrbubrx on'nouresufi BbrfJrflA}rr coB,c€xr no-iriHoNry. B ,4a-MaccKolM A'oKyl\leHTe B oT,.[Hrli{e OT vetarna oTrteT,l]tB.o Bbl-cTynaloT rtepTbl IlH"(,t,lBlI,AyaJIIIIIoro xo:lgiiclra Il rIacT.HoiiCO6CISeHU'OICT U (..,CB,O'e I1O"{e>>, <<CBOfI rOK>> I{ <CBOfl ,La-Br{Jrb'Hfl>>, codcrBeHHbni cxor r.r r. ,r,. -/CDXII, 8-l l), pa-6onna4e,uun lr ToproB,'rrr. Bpn:r "rlr f,,auaccxuri goxylreurOblrl COCTSTB,'IeH npI{X{eHIITer'lLHo K Jrc.rtO'BI{qM )Kr{3,HLI ,B Ky'rt-pa'HcKofi rrycrbrHe.

Bbt'ctut{lt opraHoNl ynj)a,BdlcHltrI BceA{tr jlcJlaMrI o6tttr.r-HbI, ,KaK trBcrcyer ns Mcrana, 6tr"rro o6u{ee co6paHne eeqJIe'HOB, Ha KoTopot{ rI36Hpa,'ltH,cb .[,o.4x,Ho,cTrHbre "ruqa o6-ul,r.rHbr, B ToM qlrcJre <<HaA3liparculuii taA pa6ororl>> qJreHotl

96urtz,Hlt. Hecuorps Ha Bbr,ctilHe ltpepofarnBu o6urero co"0panrlq r.r AeMoKparuqecKylo rpor{eAypy us6pamt,x AoJriK-H,OCTHbTX ,'It4r{, CBrrIqe,H'Hr.IKH, Oril,r03t{r{rroHHbIe K IIepycaJrI..IM_CKOrM! XpaMOBOMy ,C,BtUIeiHCTBy, rHaxOAr.r,THrCb B O,CO6iO npH-Bl.Lrer[poBaHHoM flo"r,oxe]Ifir.{ !r noJrr,3oBailI4cb 6o,tir,uoi'lB,TIACTbIO,

Cynu KyMpaHLrrorB, cy,u,g no Vcrary r.r cBe"r,eHr.Iq,M aH-THqlrblx aBTopo,B o eccegx, 3anojrHrr.[,]4cb o6ueo,6flgarerb-Hbn{ coBt\{ecTHbrM TpyAor\{, co.BMe.crHbrM IIHTa.H[eM, Bbr,rrod'I-HeHaeM peJru'f!ro3,Hbrx o6psAoe n Ho,q,HbrMrI 6AerHus,l,lr.i,KorAa <<Tperb xaxAorl HoqH>> trocBqu{a,tacb coBMecrHoMy!_3!ve'HulO cBfllqeHHOIrO nr.iCalrrifl rr AOKyMeHTOg o6qlr'gsl.XusHr s'cefi o6uuHr,I B qe,roM H KaxAono ee q.nega B or-Ie,rrbHro'crrI crpoxafturum o6paeou pef,raMeltTIipoBa,rlacr)Au,crlllnJrr.ruapHbrlr ycraBoM. 3a coNpurue qacrr.i r.rM,yurecr-Ba oT o,6quuu npu Bcry.ltrenrli B Hee BHTHoBTHHfi HaKasH-BaJIct JILIuIeHrr,eNr rraclu paUuoHa, or l/+ Ao t/2 (lQS Vl,24-Zq a. 3a scsroe HHoe Hapyuenrle y.craHoBreHnbirnpaBlIJl npeAycMa'rpLrBaJrr.rcb HaKa3aHH,fl, XapaKTelp KOrO-pblx He BCeIlAa g,ceH,

- n'op,BI{AHM,OMy, OTryrIeHI{fl Ha T0,rr,rn lluoir cpoK... flptr'neAem Jr14trrb Hec,K,oJrbKo npr.rMepoBnpanoHapyueuufi H [oJrararcu1uxcfl sa 3To Haxasariflrl.Tar, nepe6Hsaroquft peqt rorBapr{ula HaKa3broaJr,cfl Hal0 :{Hefi, 3a co,H ao npelra co6pagna - rua 30 4ueft, safHeB u pa3Apaxr.ITelrbH,ocrb s o,6pauleuHl{ c Apyf[M].I q,'re-

3 B <.(,eauuax anocroJloB> paccr(a3brBaerct o crpauHoll HaKa3aHlrrHeKoero AHauuR H ero xeHbr CairQnpqr-ea yrafiry or pyxoBoAr.rre,leii o6-ulr-rHbr qeHbr npoAaHHoro HMeHt_rn (V, l_S).32

HaMu o6Lq[,Hbl - fia oA:r4rH roA. 3a npor.rsHe,ceu].re flenpfi-rllrlHbrx cJIoB-Ha Tprr Mecgua, 3a KJIeBeTy Ha T,oBapl{=qa - Ha oAr.r,H rroA, ga HecnpaBeAJrr.rByro xaJro6y na ro-Bapuqa - Ha rxecrb Mecsrlen. 3a xano6u na ycrou o6-IIU,IHbI - NOJIHOC OTTYqCHHE O'r O6qI,IHbI (IQSVI, 24-27:VII, l-24), Bce noJrHo,npaBHbre rrJreubr o6rq,plnu ltpoxo-JI,r{Jrr{ exeroAHyro npoBepKy, colnpotsoxAa,Brrrylo,cff rrIIa-rerrb_Ho paapa6ora,nnort npoqegypofr (lQSII, l9*2b).

'O ceueftsoft xusnlr B KylMpaHcKoM Vcra,ae ,u'u,xaxlrxy'xasaunft Het. Bogl\a,olr'Ho, r{To KyMrpalrc,Kag o6uluna 6unao6utttnoft MonarxecKoro ru[a, xorfl Ha npr,rJrexaueM K qen-Tp anbnoMy crpoeHnrc KJraA6r..rure, x{acqr.rrbrrBaroureM oKoJlo1200 norpe6e,nuri, r.rs Ko,mpbrx noxa pacKorrano roJrbKo50, o6napyll(ego HecKoJlbKo oKeJreroB xeHrrII.rH Lr AeBOqeK.B apy"lo" AoKyMeHrax 6pax npneHaercs o,cgosoft rBope-Hr4fl yr p eft'r a M elrrr.r pyercfl 6 p auuufi Boap a,cr.

Heroropue oco6euu,ocra peJrr{ruo3nofi n,parrlKr,t KyM-pancroft-_o6ulu,tttt cBuAereJIbcrBylor o rHaqaBrxeMcfl pa3-pbrBe c Hepycanu,u,cKr,r,M xpaiuoBbrM KyJrbroM r.r no,cre,rreH-Ho,M orxoAe or rpaAHUI,IoH,HorE uyAefictna. 9neHu o6qn-HbI CtlIiTaJ,LI nepyCaJlHM,CKOe XpaM'OBOe X(peqeCTBO <<rH€rle-

crr{BbtM>, a uep}'caJrlrucxnft xpaM - ocKBepHeHHbr,M srHMHxpeIIaMI{. OrxagHsaq,cb B cr{ny gTorno or rpaAr,nlr4o'HHbrxxeprBornptruoue,nuir xlrtsorHbtx B xpaMe, xyllparncraa o6-urr.rrua llcKaJra <<3a,MeHurenefi> B BnAe Ao6pux AeJr HtlyrBcrg. flpaxruuecrufi orKas or xpaMoBbrx x(eprBonpu-norue,gufr n floncKa r4x 3aMeHr{re.nefi o6ycnonrnu gBoJrro-

ur{Io B3rJrsAo,g o6ulu,nH Ha ory o,ceo6uyrc AJts ApeBHo,crr.rocHo'By peJrrr{rl.roeHofi npamu,xr. 3ra o,BoJrrouflq Harrr.[acBoe Bbrpaxelrfle He roJtbKo n Vcraae, B KorropoM ortrer-JII{BO BbI,CT}r[2€T npLlOpI'ITeT <<AyXa CBgTbIHLI>, <<,CnpalBeA-

JII.iBO,CTI4' r.r COBepIUeHCTBa nyTH>> nepeA <<XepTBa,MLI BCe-C,oxxerHr.rq> u, <<x{erprBaMr{ xxporM> (IQSIX, 3-5), uo uB ApynoM npoI,I3rBeAe'Huu o6uluuu, I,rMe,HyeMou <<,!D.n,opll.ne.

rHy,I\,r>. B erou npoLrSBeAerHLtr,I npotso3f,'IaulaeT,cfl co3,A,aHl.ie<xpaMa qeJroBerreoKoro> (4Q Florilegium I, 6), n xoro-poM <BosKypeHss> nepeA 6oro,u 6yayr npr.rnocurbcr B Br.rAe

Ao6pblx Aen. Mu'cnb o ro,M, '{ro lo6pbre .(ena BaDr(Hee

'KeprB, yxe panbrxe BbrcKa3brBaflacb B npopoqecxofi .nnre-

parype, oAHa,Ko KyMpa'HcKag o6uu,sa,B[epBbre o/rKa3aJlacboT x(epTBonpuu,oueuuft

flpnuq,unnaluurt orKag or KpoBatsbrx r{eprBonpuno-rr'enuft uue;r 6'o.rrtluroe BrHar{gHWe Errr no'cJleAvroulero o6-

$ l,l. .ll. Arycnr 33

lrlecrbeHHo-pe.nHrnoexoro pagrBl.rTtIH. IIo rrorBoAy orKtSd.{pu'crr{ancrBa or xeprBonpunoueuuft @. 9rHre.nuc ltucaJl,qro 9To <<,nepBag pe,BoJrrou,no,u'nas (gauucrBoBan[ag y QI4'.,rt'oHoecxofr uronu) ocHoBonoJrafaloulag tlr,efl xp].IcrLIaH-crBa...>> 4.

flpyrurra He MeHee cyuleclBeHHbl'M noKa3areJleM orx'oAaor o$uuuanbHoro K5/d'rbra 6n.[o aseaeHue KyMpaHcxo'ft o6rquuoft cB,oero co6,crseH'Hono' KaJreHAapt, orJrr{qHofo orl 06'|I{enrpu'HflTo'ro. B KlMpaHcIroM KaneHAape foA HaquHaerct{tscerAa c oAuono r.l rono xe AHt (cpeaa) l,t Bce npa3LHI{KIrraAalor Ha oAHLI r.r Te x<e AHLI HeAeJIlr,. Tetr caMbIM KyM.paHcra'ft KaJrelrAapb 6un nepnuM <<BeqHbIM Ka,IIeHAapeM>>,rrpoeKr Koroporo cefiqac paepa6aruBaercs s OOH. fcHo,qTO NOJIbSOBAH}IC C'BOI,I]M OCO6bIM KANC'HAAPCM CBUACTCJIbCT-ByeT O IIpaKTI.{qecKo,M pz3pbIBe MIHOTI{X peJIuII4O3|Hblx I,I Ae-;'roBbrX cnsgeft o6[lH'Hbr c BHeIIHLIM MtrDorM.

O paspuae c o$uuua.nrHul'r xynrroM cBr{AereJrbclBylorHoeHft xapaKTe,p pn,ryaJlbHbrx o,Mo,BeHt,tir, oco6blfi o6pnl, sa-xopoHeHI,tfl, cc6crsexHHe Mo!'I,HTBbI Ia rI4MHbI I,I, HaKoHeu,pe3KHe BbrnaAbr np'orr{B HeqecrrrBblx crgxar'ereft - I4epy-C A JI H M.CKI,IX CB gIIICIH H I,I'KO'B.

Hau6onee u,urepecuoft oco6e'unocrblo KyMpan'cro,to o'6-prrAa pr4TyaJrb'Hbrx oiuoseuuft sBJrflercfl eno o6ycnonnen-HOCTb IIp eAB a p r4TeJrbHbr M p a cKa sH r.reM ].r oquuleHl.reM .u,yull,.Vl:narvru cfloBaMLI, pI.ITyaJrbHbI,e oMoBeHlrfl, no MHeHrIro LIAe-odT,orforB o6uurttu, oKaSbr,BaloTcg AeftcrseHrHblMlr JII,TIIIb B TOM

cryrrae, ecrlr pr4TyaJry npeAluecTBylor noKaflHr4e 14 BHyTpeH-Hee oqr4ureHue. Tar, ecJrl4 pl.tryaJlbHble oMoBeHr.rq HoBLIqKaHe npe.u,BapflFoT,cg noJtHbrM pacKaflHI.IeM, To <<IIyCTb OH

He Bcrynaer B BoAy, qro6u (sareu) npuKocHyrbcfl K qtl-crore JnoAeft cesrocrtl, u6o oulr (r. e. uoeuuxtt) He oqu-crflror (nolofi), ec,'tn He orBparnrcfl or 3Jla>> (lQS V,r 3-14).

B rou xe Mcrase rooopl,ITct, qro npene6perarcurufty'craHoBreHHsura ,o6uIuHbI <<He y.locrollf'cs npollleHl{fl LI Heoqncrr{Tcfl eoAoft oqnuen}Ifl, He ocBflTI,ITcg MoptIMLI n peKa-Nlr.I r{ He ,oqtlcrllTct eceft soAotl oMoBeHI,It{, Heqncr, Hequcr6yaer Bo Bce AHr.r, rroKa orBepraer 3aKotrbl 6ora... t't6o

;lyxoM coBera 6oxseft npaB/dtl HcKy[atorcs rtyrg qe,'IoBeKa>(III, 4-O). Orcn.ua Br.I,u'Ho, qro eaMlr no ce.6e p]Ir]aJlrr

4 @. 3nre,me, K ucropuu neploHa+u,nbuoeo xpuc?uailcraa, -I(. Maprc, u @. 3nre.nrc, Counuenua, ugq,.2, r.22, crp.447.

34

iilie oMoseufiq LrMeIor Messruee 3naqeH[e, qeM npaned-HOCTb, AyneBHafl qr.rcToTa r.t BepHocrb ocHoBaM yqeHHrI.

cornacso r,r3'BecrnoMy ayLeficroiray u,cropHKy l4ocu$y@naeurc, cxoAnbrM o6paeou,lrcroJrr(o'BbrBaJrr,r cyurnocrbe1srlq s6rpflAa cropoHHnxu ltloasua Kpecrnrers. @naeHftco'o6ulaer, qro, 'no yqeHLIrc Voayna Kpecrurela, (<oMoBeHLIe

npr,IHsro 6yaer 6o'nou Jrr.tIIIb B ToM rcJryqae, ecJrn ero 6yayrcoBepuraTb He paAr{ npouleHr.rq EM pa3rltqHblx nperpeue-nt,tft, Ho paAu oqr.rr[lenng r.rx reJla, ,nocKoJlbKy LI Aylxa ]IxnpeABapr,rreJrbH'o oqlrcrr{Jracb npaBeAHocrblo> (,[I,peeHocrn,XVIII, 5, 2, S ll7). Tarnir,r ,o6paeou, o6sgarenrsoe H 6eg-ycJtoBnoe rpe6onanne npeABapuTe-[bHor]o IIoKasHHs LI BHyr-peHHelO Ot{UIJIeHng gBJIfleTCfl TeM HOBbIM' qTO BHeCr'll'1 KyM-,paur.rrbl H cropoHHl.txu Voanna Kpecrnre.rR B noHHMaullesrap r{H Horo ay4eft cxoro o6p a4a p Irrya JI bHblx otu oeeH }rii.

Kax yxe 6uro oru,eqeHo, ocHo,BHbtM B laAeo,'lotilqecKfixBosspeHr,r,sx KyMpaHcKoit o6u1usu flBrnercq AyaJILIcTI{qe-cKoe yqenr,re o AByx LIgHaqaJIbHo Bo3HLlKlllux u nporuno6op-cr,Byroq[x Jrafepflx I'IJILI qapcrBax: cBera, 4o6pa u npaBALI,c oanofi cropoubl, TbMbI, 3Jra It KpI{BAbI - c 4pyrofi. C araurecHo cBs3aHo yqeHue o npeAcnpeAeJIeHHlI, cofJIaCHO KO|TO-

p,of\ry Bce npoucxoAflIllee B MI4pe npeAonpeAeJlerlo 3apaHee,B TOM q'I.I'CJIe I.I OTIHeCeHI{e AIoAefi K TOMy HJIK I'I]HOMy Jlafe-pn. Orcn4a BbITeKaer r.r' K'oHuenuun us6paHuuqe'crBa: .KyM-paHr.rrbr, KaK !I paHHLIe xpucrllaue, na3btBaJlu ce6q <us6pan'i-urauu 6ora>>,-a caorc

-o6utnny <<o6uttlHoit ero (r. e. 6o-

ra.- H. A.) rs6pauunxog>>. B orrt'It{I4e or pe,nuruosucilKOHUenqxu ue6palrHuuecrna IIeJIO|O HapOAa r Kyupauenp'o'6unaer ce6e Aopory v,. efl gTllqecKof'o HatIaJIa BMecrosiH"qecxoro. (Cp., lranpururep, KHI.Iry Tafiir). .I,J-ilJr3M, yqe-Hr,re o npeAonpeAe/IeHI4LI lI ns6panuuuecrBe - ero Qopuanporecra flporl{B o6ulecrseHHofo 3ra' OCy)KAeHHe Cyxlecr-Byloxll{x 3eMHbIx nops"u,K_oB, orMexeBaHl4e OT III{X BnJIOTb

ro yxoAa 'B nycrblnlo. Couna.nl'sblM acIIeKToM IaAeoJIorI4-II€rCKI{X EOSSPCNUfi I(YMPA'HI,ITOB qBJIgCTCg TO, qTO MbI MOT'

n'lr 6u nasaarr <<I,tAeoJlorl4eft Huulerlt>>. Onlr Ha3bIBaJII{ ce-

6g <o6urltuoit 6eAuux>>, a raKr(e <npocrel{aMI'I), (MzJILTI-

Mr.r>>, n'peBosHocLIJIlI 6eArocrr I{ np0cror} I{ o6eI:Ia.lN 6en-HsKaM-isce 6nara B 6yAyIqeM MI'Ipe 'nocJle oro'sqare'nluofino6e,4rt (<cbIHoB cBera>. B csssu c 9TI4M cJleAyer BcnoM-

Hr{rb o toft nuAarculeftcs poJII'I' Koropyp urpaJII"I 6eAHocTr

u 6eAuue ,B ,clicreMe I,IAeoJIoruqe'cKIix npeAcrau.neuaft xpn-cTr{aH,cTBa Ha paHHeM gTane ero paSBI{TI'Ifi.

,flpe'no3H€,ceuHe 6eAHoctlr, KaK MarepllaJlbfit,Oft, tart< uAyxorBHofl, yrBepxAeHl{e acKerI4SMa B paSJIIr.tttUx ero Qop-Max u nposBJreHHffx o3Haqaer o6o,c'o6leune or 'no,pflAKoB,ycralHoBJreHHbrx rocnoAcrBylourlaM KJIaccoM, o6oco6nesle,Koropoe flBJrf€rcfl npeAnocuJl'roft u ycfloBneM <npeAonpe-Ae,'re,HHono'>> cyu{e'crBoBa,Hr.rs I,I xoHeqHofi no6eAu cus6pau-HnKoB>. Xora ryupaucro-ecceft,cxilft aoxetnaM cyqecrBen-Ho orJil{qaerct or cpe.rl,HeBeKceoro, nle6eficxoro a lrpe"u,'npofl eTa p cKoro a eKeTHSM a, xapa KT€pHor0 AJItt coqll aJIbHbIx

aeuxenuir Kpecrbff,IrcrBa, B'qacrl.Iocrr.r AJIfl nepl4oAa Kp ectl-fir{cxofi softHH n f'epuannu XVI n., reM ne Msnee B HAeoJIo-ruqecnoft QyHrunn acKerr.r3Ma Moxruo o6napyxurb HgBecr-Hhre qeprH cxoAcrBa. foeopa o6 acr,er[gMe, fiaK o qepre,np,ncyurefl BceM cpeAHeBeKoBblM ABuxe'Hrtfl M, HoGI{BIIIHTM pe-Jlr4ruoenyro orpacKy, 9nre.nlc noAqepKnyn, qro (gTa acKe-TuqecKafl crporocrb HpaBoB, ero rpe6ooaHLIe orKa3a or BcexyAoBonbcrBsfi ra paAocrefi xusulr, c oAuoft croponbl, osHa-qaer BbrABHxeHr,re npoTr.rB focnoAcTByloull4x KJIaccoB IIpIIH-IIHIa c[apraucKofo paBeHcrBa, a capyrotl-qgrsercs rie-o6xoAnuoft nepexo4Hoii cryneHbrc, 6es roropoit ttuswutlcrori o6ulecrBa HHKorAa He Mox{er npuftrn B ABHxeHHe>> b.

Hn xar MbrcJnrrcf peruenr.r,e [gseqHofr npo6.neuu 6opr-6u <<cunon cB,era)> u <<cbrHoB rumu>? Korla r.r KaK 6yaergaBoeBaHa oKo,HqareJrbHag no6eAa? Or,aer Ha grr,r Bonpocbl3a'KnroqetH B ScxaToJlror[qecKoM LI MeccuaH]IcTuqecKoM yrle-HHrl KyMpaHcroft o6quHn. ,C'soe uau6o.nee spKoe BbIpa)Ke-HLre 3CXaTOJI'Oruqe,CKOe yrreHUe KyMpaI{r{TOrB, T. e. yq,eHI,IeO <<fiOC,T€'AHI'IX AH gX>>' <<BpeM eHI'I'OqHIIIeHI'I g>> 14 <<nep e[JI aB-KLr>, Haru,'ro a ca'o,eo6,pa3}IoM Lr rpafirHe no6onulrgorM nPo-r.r3rBeAeHI{Il

-,cBHTKe BoftrHrt, B KoropoM, KaK 6u.no cra-

gaHo, anoKa,'IHnrliqecKHe Br.rAeHr.rg 6yayurlrx cpaxeunl't,Hocrruax n,opoft KocrvrfiqecKr{ft xaparxrep, np[rlyAruBo nepe-nJreraprcfl c rpafrue peaJrr.r,crxqecKuM lrx ttso,6paxeufielt.BAXHUIT,I 3BEHOM B OCMbICJIEHI{I,I <KOHUA B,PCMCH> ,H <<IIO-

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B eroft cBir3,r.I oco'6,o np['craJrb'Hoe ,BHnMaHLIe npLtBJIe-Kaer K ce6e so MrnorrorM errle 3ana,u,ouHar Qurypa KyMpaH-GKO,nO <yqfifeJrt npaBeAHocrH>- aHOHr.rMHOro ocHoBaTeJIflfl HAeo,'rofa o6qunu. B ony6lnxoBaHnbrx Ao cr.tx nop .{o-

5 @. 3urenrc, Kpecronncrcan eortua a fepmanuu.-K. Mapxc u@. 9sre,nrc, CoqnHeurlq, usn. 2, r. 7, crp. 377-378.

36

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T'eJrb r.136paH 6OroM AJIS nepeAaql{ qepe3 Heio ucrl'lH-

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no,u,BepraJll{cb'npecJIeAOBaHUqM co cro'poHbl fJIaBHOTO aH-

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(scriptio -defectiva)

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t,t cHKapr.r,eB 8, Bo3rraBlrBrx,]rx HenpllM]tpu,Myto nofiny c ps-rna,oitt. B rcneIIHarrlbHoir n<yvpa,n,orBeaueroK66 nrareparype,6u-JILI ,CAeJIa'HbI iIIo,nblTKU rOTrO;)KASCTBI.I,Tb KyMrpaIH.OKVI,O ,06UII,IHVrc Ka)K.rt,oft rrr3 HasBaHiHbrx Bbrrrre rpynnraponox. oAuaro no"-icTeneFiH,o LH aKa ILIILrBa loul,ttfi cq M a1ep,H a,'I nogBroJl geT KpIrTIr -x{eCKI,I TOTHOC'T]I4ICb I(O MH,OII{M [49 gnnx rnOr[bITO,K.

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. 7 3 erorbt, fiJrR <peBH[Tera],- pa1uKalislafr, aerrb B teqeHflr{QapHcgeB, ontlpaBuarcq Ha couuaJrbHbre Hr.t3br o6ulecrsa.. !nK apHn, HJll-l <KIHxanbulnKtt>,_Bbrpa3r{Tenn uHTepecoB CA-lrnx _o6eg.(oreHHbrx coquaJrbHbrx Hu3oB - eaxa6a,nenHofi 6eandrn u pi-6on. Hau6onee perufiTeJrbHhre r.r HenpflMtrpuruue 6oprtru npornB pr.rMcKofoBraAbrqecrBa cnraprlt o6paruanv ocrpue cBoux xauxa.noF t4ixe npo_ttls co6crseHHbrx npnrecHure,rlefi.

aq

I,{3 BCEX BO BICE'M M,I,IPC: Y HI'IX NCT HI'I OAHOfI X(CHUIIIIHbI' OHI'I

orBepraloT flJIOtcKylo flIo6oBb, He 3HaIOT AeHel I',I XI{rByr

cpeAi{ naJrbM e. klgo AHfl B AeHb tlllcno Hx yBeJIHqI'{Baercs

6}ar.Onapr noqB,'e',n'o ToJrrrbr yTOMJleHHbIx )KH3rHbI,O nDLt'

IreJrbueB, Korc,pblx BoJIHbI Qoprynu B.rIeKyr r o6Hqaql{ ec-

ceHoB...>> lo.----nan.a :noApo6Hure cBeAeHLItt o ecceflx c'oo6ularcr Qil-no,tt u (Draeuft.---B

tpu*Tare <<O roM, qro xaxAuft 4o6po4ereloruuii.o669,4eu> Onnos coo6ulaer cJIeAyloque cBeAeHI4g o co-qr.IaJrbHblx rtp ttH IIL{fl ax n aJlecrl'lHcKl{x ec'ceeB : << OHE eAsa fl I'I

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co6crseuHocru... cql{Talor ce68 6orarefturnltl{' raK KaK

CIIDABCAJII,I.BO IIOJIAIA}OT, tIT'O YJVICPCHHOCTb I'I OIPAHI4qEH'

nnlto r nolpe6uocrsx 'paBHocI'IJIbHbI uso6unt,tto. V HI'lx sltue saftAere peMecJIeHHHrKa, I'I3no/ro'Bflqnulelo JIyKI'I' crpe-Jibr. KHH)KaJIbI, IUJIeMbI, rIaHlll',lPtr, tqI4TbI' t't soo6ue HI'IKOIo'

AeJrarcuero opyxl4e, opyAllfl I{JII{ qro 6lt lo uu 6ulo, c'ltv-

xauree A.trs nc,ligu. Hef y HIlx lI Tex MUpHbIX 3anRtNft, XO-

Topbre JrerKo BeAyr Ko 3JIy: laK, o1HI',I' Aaxe il B',o cHe He

unlo. u" *pynnofi, HIa n'le.nxoft, HIi l\'IopcKo'ft roplonn14,-14'6'0

oHlr orKJIoHsIor or ce6r no6yxAeHxl K K'opblcro.nrc6urc'

V tu-tx Her Hlt oAHoro 'pa6a, Ho Bce oHl,t ceo6oA'Hbl, B3aI{MHo

oKasbrBaff Apyr Apyry ycJlyfll. Otttl ocyxAanr pa6or'ua-

;r,eJrbueB He roJIbKo xax (nn,teft) ue'cnpaneArl'IBblx' ocKBep-

HgIouIpIx paB.eHCTB'O, HO II KaK HerIe'crI'lBIIerB' Hapyuanxll,Ix3aKOH LI yCTaHorBr'leHI{q ilpfipoAbl' KOTOpaq' noao6Ho Mare-p?r, Bcex nopoALI,B lI BbIKOpMI'IB pa'BHbIM O'6pas'oirn, cAeJIaJIa

.rrrcAeft 3aK'oHubtMH 6parlnuu He roJlbIrc'no Ha3rBaHI'IIo' Hq H

s .u,eircrsare.ttrgoctll. I4x (r. e. pa6oa.tlaAe,'IbueB. -n' A'\l(orBapHar H qpe3Mep[IO BOApacTanuaq xaAHO'.CTb pacuara-Jla 9To po/tcrBo, BMe'cro 6rt't'socrl'r co3AaJIa orqyxAeH'Ilocrbr.r sN,Iecrb Apyx6bl __ s,PaxA!> ll.

B otpue'Ke LIs J{e AorueAluer'o Ao Hac-npoll3reAeullfl@r-rnosa, coxpaHeHHoM I'IcropxKoM IIepI<oIl E's'ceBIleNI Kec'capnft,cxutr.t (IV s. H. 3.), Aaerctt t{pKae Kaprl'l'Ha x(I'l3HI'I t'l

s flnrHufi LIMeer B 'BHAy Haxoaquuftes ueno,u.aJleKy or Kyt'lpaHa

uafiou 3irs-fe.[tr. craBHBIul'titcs csolt[4]'l narbMoBbll\lu l-l Ql'lHtlKoBblMnIouru*". Apxeo,noruqecxuit uarepua.rr Xup6er-KyMpaHa u AfiH-oeuxui:an.lerenrcrsyer o6 ucuo,llb3oBaHul'r KylvrpaHr'ITaML AJLI crponrer'IbcrBa[aJrbMoBblx aepeBbeB u o nttraHlln ux $t'txuxalru.

10 flrusnfi Craprurafi, Ecrecraenuan ucropua, Y , 17 .

lr Philo, Quod'omnis probus liber sif' $ 77-79

99

6uta ecceen, <<rBrKlrlrrdlolqtlx He,cJr,oxHylo H nor.r,craHe Aeficr_EnTeJrbHyro cBC}6oAy>:<<Osu,q,ererbcrBoM cBo6oAbl rrBflsercq ux o6pa3 xr{ggr.r.Hurro It3 HI'* He HrMeer Huqero co6cT,Be'H,oro,t HH AoMa,uu pa6a, Hn 3eMeJrbHoro yga,crrKa, Hu qKora, HLr ApynuxrrpeAMerorB u o6crauonxr 6,orarcrsa. Bce suoc" ; iHrt;iitFctuA, onr.r c'lo6ula norbgylorcfl AoxoAaMtr Bcex. Xursvr

clHL{ BMecrg, co3AaBafl To,Bapr{uecTBa no rnny Quacon 12',s(;u'cc'l.rrllfi_13, H Bce BpeMr nporBoAffT , puOoi. i-.,

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oHr.r (r. e. sarrzMaroxlllec, Qnsuue,cxuu rpy-Ac'M.. - ?I . A.) ^ne craperor ,rrocJre na,crynleura Qnsuu'e_cxoft axue la. OAan H3 HHx, cBeAyu{}re B AeJrax noceBa }rc6pa6orru geMJrra, Tpy,flflTcr Ha seMJre, .qpyrtle BeAarorcraAaMr.t, lrMeff Ha,none,qenur.r paeuoo6pasHbrx xr.rBorHbrx,HeKoropbre ga6orgrcs o6 yarax nqe.n. rlacrb xe saur{Maer-cff peuecJraMn, uro6u He r,epnerb HeAocrarKa Hl,l B rIeM,q:'o ueo6xoAr.I,Mo AJIx xr.r3HI,I, oAHaKo oHr.r Hr.Irlero He ;Ha-KaIJrHBaror 9!epx rofo, r{To rieo,6xo,.u,ul,ro Ans n,oBceAHeB-tlblx Hyx,q. kls pasnnuanquxcq TaKr.r,M o6pasou re,'xronoryqaror nJlary, orAar,or ee oaHoMy Kagnaqero, ne6paHuo_My noAgqrr.reu pyK. KaeHa'{efi xe, -nef,,a

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4perrefi Cnapru l,t HeKoropbrx 4pyrrx rocyaapcrB fpeufr.,. A K M e - rpeqecKog grnooo, g6ostl4q4torrlee EHcFtylo CT€IIeHb, l(BQ"ryulyrc IIQpy.

40

a JIeTOM-AerIeBbre HaTKT.IAKH; XeJraroqufi Jte,rKo MoxeTB3qTb TaKyIO O.[e)KIy, I€KyIO 3axorleT, TaK KaK_ TO, qTOrrpr,rHa,4Jrexr.rT oAHoMy, npr.rHaAJrexr.lT BceM H, HanpoTr.rB, rnqTO .IIpLIHaAJIeX(IlT BC'eM, TO ,npI4rHa,U,fleXI.IT I.I Kax(AO'My B'or,u,eJrbHo,cru. V ecnn xro-nn6yAr r{3 Hr.rx ea6oneer, To enoJ{eqar ng o6Irlllx cpeAcrB, l.r B,ce ,noMofaror euy sa6oraurtr BHI{MaH}.reu. 'Crapurn xe, ecJrr.t oHI,I oKaxyrcq 6eeAer-HbIMlI, o6H.rHo gaBeplxaloT xug'Hb He roJIbKo KaK MHoro-AETHbre, rro KaK r{Meroul[e oqenb xopounx .aereft; y Hr{xcqacrrllserimaq Ia npe KpS,cnefiurag crapocrb, o,Hr.r yAo-cranBarorcs npunn.nenufi tr noqera co croporubr 6o.nrurorot{I{cJIa JIIoAeft, Koropble cqI.{Tanlgyx(HbIM yxax(I{BaTb gar-rr{Mn no Ao6pono.ntuoMy perxeHr.tp, ,cKopee qeM ,no gaKonvnpuponu> 15.

Cle,uyer r4Merb B Bl.rAy, r{To pHcyeMue (DunouorM couu-aJrbrnbre nplnruunbr ecceeB 6u.nn np'onosfJraureHbr B anoxyroc[oAcrBa pa6osraAenbqecKrjx orgoruegu,ft, xonAa nofr-nu 6unn gaxH,eftuIilI\4 'I{crorrHItK,oM nc,Jyr{eHI,Ig pa6o,n, a pa-BJraAeH14e I{ ToproBJrg - saxHetiuHM l,Icrorruu,rou o6ora-Ir(ergr4s. Bos,senrqeHue Qrsuve,cKono rpyra, nprrgHaHr{e eroo6ssarerrHbrM AJts ecex ceo6oAnbtx qneHoB KoJrJreKTr{Ba,cfKa3 or qacrrHoft co6'crgeH:Hotcrr4 n roDtoBJrI{. [oJIHafl KoJI-JieKTr,rB'Hocru 6ura, pesxo'e ocyxaeur.re pa6craa KaK couu-atItHOrO HTHCTIITyTa. npoTti,Bo,pegaqerO eCTeCTBeHHOMy pa-BeHcrBy ,rloAeft, o,cyx(.qenlre softH - nporpaMMa neo6H'r-fl.Afl Anfl Toro BpeMeHr,I LI HecOMHeHHO npeAcTaBflrroqarr co-6oto o4Hy I4s flpKHx crpaHl,Iu B r.rcroptr[ coquarbubrx yrre-safu.

Muorp lrnrepecHbrx n noApo6rsux cBeAeHLrfi o eccesxrlMeerfl B corrnHeHr.rax I4ocuQa Onasnq. B ceoefi 6wo-rpaQun @naerft coo6ulaer, qro B MofioAocrn oH oAr.rH roAnpone,r cpe&H ecceeB u 6u;r nocJryrunr,rKoM y nycrbrHuu-Ka - eccefl 6auna. Teu 6o.uruee 3naqerHr.re npu66peraroreFo cBaAereJrl.rcr'Ba. Counalruue l(p!{ruur.r,nbr ecceeB y O;ra-Btlfl WSilataIOTCfl He CTOJIb.OTqeTJII..I'BO, KaK y @uJtO,Ha, HO HOnasHfi noBopr,rr o <AocrofiHoft yAneleu:lrr o6rrlHocrr,r r{My-u{ecrBa>> tr <<npe3peHun r 6orarcrBy>, 06 orKa3e or 3Kc-nJryararlr.rn TpyAa pa6on tl rcKrro'qeHt,tu ToproBJrr us c$e-pbt BHyrpeHrHr4x B3anMoornoueHufi eccees. 3alo @ra,eufi,qaer Sornee no4po6nyn, ueM Ouro[r, Kaprr..rHv euylpeu,ueftcpranusarlfiu n 6arca ecceitcxzx o6qu'n. flpn,ne"Eeu ne-

+l

ls p!1sebius, Praeparatio eaangelica, VIll, ll

cKod'rbKo orpbrB,Ko,B o e,ccerx us <<l4y4efirc,xoft so,IiTllt>> Ona-sur (e repeBoAe M. M. Enusap'orroft),

<<K 6orarclBy onn orno'csrcfl c [pe3peHueM, u nopa3r{-Te"'IbHa ux o6uluocTb LIMyqe,cTBa; cpeAu THI,IX HeT HLrKoroBbrAerflnuerocn cBoriM HMyIIIecrBon, 1160 cyqecrBy,er ga-

KO'H, 1119 BCTyIlarcUlUe B O,6U{HHy npeAOCTaTBJIflIOT CBOe LtMy-rrlecrBo B o6ul,ecrrBeHHylo co6crrBeH,Hocrb ceKTbI. flrooro,MycpeAt|Hr.rx Bcex ,HeT Hr.r yrHI,rSr{'TeJrbHoft 6eAnocru, Hrr rrpes-rvrepHof,o 6ofarclBa; BeAb r4Myule,crBo KaxAoro cMeult-Baercrr 16 c nuyulec'TBoM Apyrux, r.r, cJroBrHo y 6parrere, yBcex oAHo o6uee HMylqe'crBo...

Ao.nx,nocrgbre Jrulla (an'n'ueneru), BeAalourue o5riluqur{rMyluecrgou, t{36u,parcTcg fo,ilocoBaH}IeM l,t s,ce 6ee ucK,'In-qe'Hufl sa6orsrcs o HyxAax Bcex.

V ecceno,e Her cBoefo oco,6ono ro,po/(&, Ho B KaxAoMrcpo,Ae xr.rByr MHoil{e u3 Hr.rx. t{,reHu o6uluH, npnxoAslqueK HHM lI3 ApyrUX MeCT, IvtOryT nOJIbSOBaTbCg HX L{MyuIe'CT-BOM KAK CO6CTIBCHIHbIM I{ BXOAI.{Tb B AOMA TCX, KOTOPbIX

oHr.r paHblxe .u,axe LI He BLIAerv, KaK K caMbIM 6.nugxnu...Boxecreo oHlr floql,rralor cnoeo,6paauo. Ao ,Bocxotra

coJIHua oHLi ,He npolt3uocgr HHKaKI4x o6uqrlltx (uec,orureH-nsrx) cJroB, Ho o6paularcrcfl K coJrHuy c Kaiir4Mu-ro ApeB-Hr.{M}r MoJrr,rrBaMr.r, xar 6u yM,o,Jrsfl ero sgoftr[. flocre gro-ro (r. e. nocJre Bo,cxoAa co.nrua) anHMeJIerbI nocblJlalorKaxAoro Ha ry pa6ory, B Korop'oft o'g cBeAyur, n Bce ycepA-Ho rpyAlrcl oKoJIo nqrrl qaco.B. 3are,u oiHll cHorBa co,6u-paroTcg B oAHoM MecTe LI, onogcaBIIII{Cb JIbHflHbIMr.r noBfl3-KaMr.r, oMbrBanr reJr'o xoJro.u,Hoft soAo,fi. fl'o,cne 3To,ro oqu-cTr{TeJlbHoFo o6ps.qa o,Hu, cxoAqr,c.s s 'oco6oe noMeueHI,Ie,K]/.q,a He :pa3peIIraercg BxoALITb HHKoMy LI3 iIO,crOrpOIHHI{X:

CaMn onu, npofiag oql4ul,eHrle, BXoAq'l' B TpaIIe3HyIo, c,'Io,BrHo B cBsrrleHfro'e Mecro. Kor,qa ogr.r M,oJrqa. paccsAyrcff, ne-Kapb rro nopf,Alry pacKJraAblBaer xJre6, a noBap noAaerr(ax(AoMy Mr.r'cKy c nullefi rlg oAHo,lo 6nrcAa. flepea eaoftCBSIIIeHHLIK npOII3IHoCHT MOJII4TBy' tI'I He AO3BO,IIe,HO HLITKOMV

OTBCAATb IITO:TI,160 AO MOJII,ITBU. TI,O.C.UC TPA'NC3bI CBqUICfi.lnlrR cnoBa nporig'Hocr4T MoJmrBy. Vrax, oHlI Hallt,tualor ttBaKaHquBaror cBoI{ Tpatte3bt npocJlaBJlenueu 6ora ,KaK ;no=

,{,areflq xr{gHe,HHbIx 6nar. 3areM, cHfl,B c ce6q oae>KAbI,CqLITAMilIII,ICCfl CBqIqEHHbIMI{, OiHI,I CHOBA HANPABJISIOTCS HA

'- Tt*" TaKoe xe Bblpax(eH[e Bcrpeqaercf B ycraBe KyMpaHcxohgqqqHyi- rAe foBopl'Irc8 q <cMellreHru) (l'rb) uttlyuecrBa HoBuqK4(l QS Vr,22).

42

pa6orv Ao Beq'erpa. fl'o nog'gpauenlllt ontt yxI4'HarcT TaKLt,M

xe o,6,pasou. Ecnr y HI4x HaxoAqrcfl tocrll 17, Te yl{acr-Byror B T pane3e tsMecre c Hkrrr4. Hu rpux, ,HLt IxyM HLIKoTAaHe oicKBepgsFor norMefl{eHr.rfl 18, u60 0xH Bcryfla]or B pa3fo-riopbr Apyr c ApyfoM ,n,o oqepeAll,. JInAsnr, ss1gflflu{IlMCflCHapyX{lI, Ta'KAfr TI4llII'IHa B ,{OrMe MO)KeT ilO'KaSaTbCg yAtl-Br.rTeJrbHoir taftnoft, a B AeftcreHTeJIbHocrI,I npnuun.Ofi TI'Illlfl-Hbr s,BJrseTcq rlorHag TpeSBocrb rpa'irle3bl LI TO, qTO 'eAy I'l

nu-rbe oHLr yn'orpe6lgrcr roflbKo Ao HaebIlIeHLIq...Onn BflaA€rlor .cq6ofi B rHeBe, cAepxaH'HbI B )KeJIarHl't'sx,

nBrrslorcf o6paeuou BepHocrLI u noco6nuxattu uupa. Bcn-r(oe cKaSaHlme I,IMu cJrrOBo pIMeeT 66.nluryrc cl,rJly, qeM

KJrqrBa. flrplrx€c€HHg KJrflTrB O,till uS6eranr, floflafas, qTo

3ro xyx(e, qeM KJrrr,BonpecrynJleHue. kl6'o, Ijo I4x'cJIoBaM,r{eJIOBe'K, KOTOpOTM} He BepgT, eC,'II4 OH He rlpl43oBer 6Ora,rervr caMbrrM !x{'€ n,pr14,311arrr AypHbrM. onu BecbrMa ycepAHoi.r3yqaroT coq14HeHHq Ape'BHLIX, nU6upaa rJIa'BHbIM O6paaoltro, qro noJre3Ho Anq ryuu LI TeJIa. Ha ocHo,ee 3TI{x coqu-HeHuft o,Hrz rrcnbrrblBalor KopHLI (pacrenufi) t{ cnoficrsaxauueri KaK cpeAcrBa AJrr JreqeHl{fl 6oJIesHeil.

JIn4u, Koropbre 4o6u,eanr,cff rrpl4eMa B r.rx ceKry, He

cpa3y .noJryqarctr ryAa Aocry'n. Taxo,uy qeJIo,BeKy, ocraloqe-Frycf B TeqeHr{e rroAa BlHe o,6uIHHbr, oHr,l ,npe!,n,HcblBaloT cBoilo,6pas >KI4g'HLr, E\a'Bas, eMy ronop[x le, 6e.nyn o',re]KAy I{ no-Bs3Ky, O rOru,pOfi yrroMr..rHaJrocb BbIlIe. fI,ocJIe roro KaK OH

B TeqeHHe STOro BpeMeHH BblAepxlrT I4clbITaHI4e, eFo Ao'ny-cKalor 6nuxe K xI,t3,HLI o6lllurxlt, I4 oH n'p,lI;HI.IMaer yl{acrl.Iee o6pnAax oquqeHur BoAoft, Ho Bce eue He AonycKaercqK coBMecrublwt rpafle3au. floc.ne roro KaK oH npo'uleJl rlc-rIbrTaHI,Is s crOfiroctu; B T€HeHIi€ eilIe AByX JreT npOBepfleT-cfl ero xapaKTep, rlr TorT, KTo oKaSaJIcfl AocToftHbIM, Ta;l(HM

o6paaou, AorrycKaercq s o6quHy. flepea yua'crueu e o6-rqeft rpare3e Brcrynarcurue s o6uulry Aalor crpalx'HueKJrgTBbr: npexAe BceFo - IIortII4Torb 6oxectno, 3areM -.cIipaBeA,I,I,IrBO OTHO'CIdTbcq K fircAqM I{, HII'KOMy He BpeAI'Il'brfu no, co6crBe'Hr{orrly no6yxae'Hr,rrc, HH no npLIKa3y, BcefAaHeHaBLrIeTr, Ire,cxlpaBeA,'ILIBbIX LI 6OpOrlcA Br{ecre c npa-BeAHbrMr,r; BcerAa c,o6rloAarb BeprHoerb BceM, oco6eHHo xe

17 Hs 4pyrnx o6ulrlu.lE l4ueercs B BIrAy rparle3Hafl.re Aua,lornqsnfi ronopur< 6nl naftAeu npl,t pacKo[Kax Xup6et-Kyrvr-

PflH4.

4i

o6reqe'H'HtrT\,r BJlacrbro 20, TaK KaK n,pa'BJIeHI{e H}.IKOMV ge

Aocraerct 6ee (so.nu) 6ora. Aanee (rax,uufi xla'HercR),qro ecJu{ caM oH 6yaer ynpatsJrsrb, To He 'craHer 3Jloynor-pe6lam caoeft sracrblo, He 6yaer BbrAeJrtrbcq cpeAn no4-qr{Hennbrx HH oAexAofi, Hn xaq<utrlu-.trtr6o Aor[orHI,ITefibHbI-Mr.r yKparxeqnfrMn; ln6urr [paBAy r.r rnopullarb JrxeuoB;o6eperarl pyKr.r or BopoBcrBa, a ,qyuy coxpa:Hsrb qucrofior 6gcqeclgofi npn6ul[, He cKpblBarb ttl,tqero 'or qJIeHoB

o6tqrrnu, a rno,cropoHHlrM rH'e AoHoclrrb Ha HI{x, Aaxe ecJIIt6ylyr 'npl{Hyx,qarb noA crpaxoM cMeprli. Kporr,re roro, oHKrtnercq HrrKoMy ne coo6rqarb ocHoBbI yqeHl,Ifl LIHatte, qeM

caiM l,tx ,noJryqr.rJr, He rrpeAaBa$ sa6,seHulo u xpaHLITb B

pa,ouofi creneHr.r ,KHr.rru csoeft ceKTbI 'Lt I,IMeHa a'tlfefloB. Ta-Kr{MLt KJTflTBaMt,t ol{l,t ,o6ecn'eqta'sarcr ce6e Bepuo,crb B'Ho'Bb

Bcrynarcqlrx s o6ulllHy. JlrcAefi, yJrnqeHgblx B cepbesHhlx,lrpocryflKax, oHH l,t3fonfftor l.lg o6uuttrt...> 21.

Hecuorpa Ha HeKoropble pacxox,(eullq g coo6qen'usxHa3BaHHbrX aBmpoB, oALIEIaKOrBbItrl O rSO6paXe,HlIH H'M].I

ceKTbr eccee,B frBJrflercs no'cJleAoBaTerbHoe npoBeAeHHer,Aen o6u,tto,ctll: o6uttorcTb I{MYIrlecTBa; co'sMe'crlHHft o6q'saTenruuft TpyA n K,oJIJIeKTLIBHoe norpe6.neuue; o6qaqKaCCa; OTpHUaHLIe,pa6'crBa; oTpHqaHI{e Topro',Bfil.I; oTKa3or r.rg'rororBJrernfl o'pyanft u LtHcr'pyMe'HToB, MoryqPlx cJIy-)K'LITb UeJrstvl eoftrHu; o{rKa3 0T XeprBonpu'noueuufi. cxol-ubrMr.I g'BJrflIorcf raKxe MHorIte Aerarl{ ouyrpno6uttguoftxnr.rsuu ra o6uqaen. K m,uy xe B KparKotvt c'oo6ueunu flnu,-Hng Mecronpu6unanue ceKTbI ecceets JIoKaJIH3yercr Ha ce-Eepo-3anaAnou no6epexre MeptBono M'opq, r. €. B ToM

r,rMeHHo Mecre, rAe 6u;ll.t uaftr,eHu KyMpa'HcI(He pyxonl{cn }I

o6Hapyxeno ueurrpaJIbHoe crpoenl{e l(yMrpaHcroft o6qunu.B c'ssgn c oTLIM o6paulaer na ce6s BHHMaHI,Ie eule oA-

no o6,crosreJrbcrBo. B cnlrno $paruentrpoBanuoM apa-ueficxo'tr,r AoKyMeflre, uafiAeH,sotvt s6nwgu Kytupana, r ne'utepe BaaN-Mvpa66aar, coxpaHI,IJIo'cb raKoe -reorpaQuue-cxoe o6ognaqenne: <Kpenocm Xacu.qees (<Meqaq xagr'Ar{H) - Mur., 45,6). fio unenrrro X. Munnra, HsAareJIflAoKylleHra (1961 r.), n'oA anuu o6'o,gsaqeuneu Molrercr(pbrBaTbcs ueHTpaJIbHoe crpoeHlle I(yMpaHCKI'IX eCCeeB --Xnp6er-KyM'pau. B,ce sro AeJIaer BecbMa neponruofr rnno-

20 flo Muegurc M. E;rnaapoaoir, rMelorca B Bllay AoJIlKHocrHbre JIlIuao6utuuu.

2t Vlocvq <D.nanufi, Hgdedcxaa aollua,croMarflr tro r{croptlu apeanefi fpeuuu>, M

++

II. 8,-qnr. no rn.: <XPe-1964, ctp. 619-6?!,

TeSy O ilpltHa,AJIex(lloCtl'l .ltyMpa[cKofi o6uluttst x eocefi'cxo'

My ABIaxeHI,Irc.- t{ro Kacaercs au'Anr,rnyrcfr xeroropblMl{ I{'c'cJleAolBare'

JrflMr{ rrnoresbl o seJlorcKoM xapal$epe ryupaHcxoir o6-

uIr.rHbI,, TO OHa 3acJIyxI'IBaer o'np eAeJIeHHOro BH H M a HI',Ifl ''Lo-Eepttre'HH,O OqeBLIAHO,, qro KyMpaflcKafl ..o6uluHa He MorJIa

6drb seroncKono rpo[cxoxAerul'Is n'o roft npo'ctoft np]Iqll'He'qro oHa BoSHI,IKJIa 6onee qert 3a cm JIer Ao nofl'BJleHrlfl 3e'

fioro,B n ct{KapLIeB. He'rotopue I'I3 TotIHo Aarl{pyeMblx re-nep.b KyMpaHcKLIx,p\4KornHceftr KaK, fianpnMep' Ha3BaHHbIe

sbure xoltNtenrapull na Haxyua' orpaxarcr nepltoA npaB-

reHr,rfl A.nexcaHapa'fHHaq u errc cynpynn Can'o'uel,I n co3'

AaHbI o'KoJIo 63 r. Ao H. 3', r. e. 6o;nee qeM 3a norcroflerl{gtr.O ,nOsBJIeHnt SeJIOTOB. oAnaro rs caMufi noc.neAuufi ne-

DHO.U, CBOeTO CVUte'crBoBaHI'Iq, HenocpeAcTBeH[IO AO I'I 'B Xo-

ie Hy.uefrcxofi- softrnH 66-73 nr. l-I. e.' no xpaftneft uepeqACTbIKYMPAHI{TOBMOTJIABCTYNHTb}I,INO'BI'IAI'I'MOMY''BICTY'

II'fiTA B TC.CHbIC'KOHTAKTbI C SCTOTAMU.

Llmrepe'cuue c,BeAenas o6- yuacrunêccee{B B a'H?llpI{M-

cKo'M Bo'ccra'sul,t cco6u{ae'r Qraeuir. Cpean BI'IAHbI'X [oJI'KOBOAUe,B nOBCTaHrIeCfOft apUUtl MbI ,HaXOAI,ITM I'I HeKO'er\O

ecces Hoa,Hna. tlro Ka'caercfl ec'ceftcrux Macc' To' no cJIo-

ear{ @ra,Bltg: <<Bofina c pI{MnsHaMIa Bo Bcex orHollreHuflxnpoBept{na culty ux nyxa' Bo BpeMs eroft soft'HH I{x cKpy'ljri'1ailU, pacTqrI.{BaII'l, xfJII',I' JIoMaJII',I H npoBeJlI'I qepe3

Bce oDv.x,t{s nblroK, .4rq roFo qto6st ouu B'o3rBerI'I xyJly Ha

ra*o"'oarta ns nu6o orBeAar'II{ SSrnperrHoil nilIIlH' OAgaxooHlt He corJIacLIJII{Cb 'H'n IHa TO' rlli Ha Apyloe' HHKorAa He

ga'ncKl4Baj/tr4 nepeA npItTecHITeJIf'M1l I',I He IIJIaKaJIH' yJIbI-

fafl'c:o B MyqeHI.Igx H Ha'cMexagcb- HaA TeMI'I' KTo I'Ix nbITaJI'

oHH I4c[ycKaJII{ Ayx B paAocruofi yBepeHHocr'I{, tITo orHlt

ero eHonb o6peryr> 22.

Hosurfi ril.trqor AiIg t'I3]nleHur npo6leuu <<'ge;l'otcxofi

Hanp aBJlerlHocrlr> KyMp a gcxoir o6uluuu Ha'no'cJIe'.Il'HeM 3ra-ne ee cyuecrBoBaHl'Ifl Aailw HaqaBIIIlIect B nor6peigoa t. pac*on*, He'KorAa Henpucrynuoft 'sHcoronopnoft*p.noctni MacaAu (u 40 rcn roxHee pafioua Kyrupana)' ororopoft 3eJroTblr{,CuKapr{H,,nocneAHHe SauIHT]lIaKLI HeSa-

nrcui,aocru VyAen, rpH roAa MyxecrBell'no o6opotttJII'Icb

or ocax(.rlaBIIIttx Ex ,nb.nquut pI'IMJInH' HeqMorPq lHa ro qro

22 l4ocn| (Drasrfi, Hgdalaan aoilna, 11,8, l0 (nepenoa M' M' Enn'raponofi).

45

hpaxruueciil.r c 's'occrauveM ,6ulo rno,Ko,Hqerno

's 70 r. H. 9.,

KOfAa inar HepycaJrr{'M, pa3pyrxeH 6un xpau ir{ {BCfl CTpS-Ha floABeprr'racb rpa3cpeH,aro I,I onycrolxeHriro, TeM He ,Me-Hee pI,IM,'rflHe cq[TaJII{ ,oK,onqaur{eM goftHot [aLeHI,Ie no-cae.qHeft uuraAeflr,r cHKaprzeB

-MacarAul, AJrff Bs{Tr.rfl Ko-ropoft norpe6oeanocr eule rpu roAa 6noraAn a rpan-iit4o3'Hbrx no o6teuy H xapaKTepy r.rHxeHep,Hbrx ocaAHhrxpa6or. _Apauarnue-cKr,re )noflpo6,uocru aroft ocaAu paccxa-saHbl quaerelr. Hecir,rorps Ha Aocraroq.Hbre ganacbr npo-AOBOJIbCTB'Ii', OCaX(AeHHbIe CUKapIlI{ BCe 'KaK rOA}rH peur.rJil.tnoKourldrb ,calroy6llfiicr,eoM, .mo6H He c,{arbcrr ;B pyKt{Bpaf0B.

Vxe rnpeAsapureJrbHbre pacKonKlr MacaAu 'B 1956 r.ncJrHocrbro,rioATBepAlrJrr4 M,Ir,orr{e AeraJrLr, co06ule[rHbreOnasue,I\,t. Her ,co,M'HeHLIr, ,qro HarIaBIIIuecg rB Hog6pe1963 r. u paccqr-rrauHbre Ha noJrnoAa pacKorKr.r pasBaJrr.luMACAAU .NPI{H€CYT MHOIO UCHHbIX 'C,BCAEHI,Ift U ,NOMOTYT

BbrflcHr.rrb raK)Ke 3arpoHyryto Bbrrxe npo6neuy KyMpaHo-BeJlorcKr,rx csqseft. ,Cornac,Ho rlrepBblM coo6qeH[qM, B Ae-r<a6pe. 1963 r. 6ula o6HapyxeHa pyKonr.rcb, Koropar, noMHelHr.Jro rlpoQ. f Au'ua, BosrJr aBJr fl roilI€,fo 8 px€oJrof fiqeeKyroaKcneAr.rur4ro n Maca4e, Hocr.{T KyM.par{cKr.rft xaparrep. Hea,cKJlroqe,Ha' noSToMy BoSMox'HocTb, qTo BMecTe c cn,xapxfl-wlH s Macafl€ rcKpbrrBdJrltcb u rBeJrr{ rrro,cJlea,unft 6oft c pHM-JrnnaMLr raKxe I{ KyMpa,H}tru. Paeyueercq, iKo rBceM gr}rMrionpocaM M,ox{Ho 6yaer o6parrrlcr Jrr{rrrb rrocJre 'ony6nra-KCBaHr.Ig MareplrarroB pacKonoK MacaAu 23.

OxusneHHoo6cJxAanuteficq u cnopnort rpo6,'IeMoft,'xoropoft yxe ,nocfnqeHbr rbrcsqn pa6or, sBflqerct ,Borrpo,co ,BoSMOX{rHbrX CBs3flX MeXAy KyMpaHCKOft O6qUgOfi }r, paH-HHM Xpr4crr.raHCT'BOM. IJpuUUHa IIOBbrlueHHOfO r,rrHTepecd KsroMy acneKry pyxonncerl ffig,prnoro Mops gaxJrroqaercsB ToM, qro fnaro4apfl grr.rM pyKo,nucgM Bonpoc ,o npolr'c-xoxAeHr.Iu xprlcrr.raHcrBa,BnepBble nepenocr.rrcfl lE3 a6na-crz 6ecqucJreHgbrx lru,flore3 u a6crparrHbrx KoHcrpyruufiB n,lOiCKOCTb Il3yqeHHtt KOHKpeTHO-I,ICTOpHTTeCKOI\O CTaHOB-iIe'HLrt xpprcrr4ancrsa. 'O. Sniennc ,B cBoux pa6orax orBe-rlaeT Ha Bonpoc, noqeilg rB,o3I+I,tKJIo xplrcTnaHeTBo, I,I rBbI-

rrcrHser re BceMr{pHo-H'cropr{qecK[g $axropbr, Koropbre,06-ycJro,Br.rJrn. sTor npoqecc. Ho Ao ,cr4x nop H3€a orcyTcTBr{sIICTO,qIILIKOTB He pa3peneH AO KOHqa lBOnpoC: KCIK,tBOgHnKilO

,l(t

23 Cu. llpu,noxeHne. Pacxonrn Macanu

ipHcrnaHcrnol l,lcroprqecKl{ 4ociornepnde osuaerurr'eifiio pa3BlrTI.Iu Xpli,crl4aHcrBa lIMeloTCfl y ',Hac auurr 'oo II s'li. 9.; r{TO KaCaeTCff [IepBbIX IIIaTOB BO'3'H]'IKaI'OIIIe|O S I n'H. 9. XpHCTI'IaHCTBa' TO O HI{'X MbI y3HaeM JII'IIIIF' I'I3 'HOBO'

BaBeruoro Ka'HoHa, orpeAaKTI'IpoBaHHofo' a B 6-0rb[Iefiqacrlr n,co'crsBurl€H'Horo Bo II rs. u. g. B 1895'r. SnrgtlcBbrcKa3a"n. npeA[oJIOXeHLIe, qro oTBeT Ha BoJIHyIOqllft tsJ-

upoc o npoHcxolKAeHLIH XpHcTl',laHcrBa .4aIyT HOBble Haxo;I-KH Ha Bocroxe. Teneps, KorAa raKHe Haxo,lu(H c.lle"raHbI. llxEaxHo np aBI,IJIbHO HHTep nperl,IpoBarb'

B neo6tqrnofl nureparype Borlpoca 'HaMerllJla'cb pe3'Kas flo'Jrflpra3aqflq MHerHHft. vxe sa nepBblx nopax .I{3yqe-Hr.rs rKyMpaHcKI4x pyKollucefr $pauuyscxr'rft yuenufi A. Ato-non-Couttrep 6un rnopaxeH cxoAcrBoM MexAy KyMpatr-cKr.rM yI{I4TeJIeM H I'lncycou X'pucrou, 'xo'ropufi (<rotITI'I AorA JIJI IOIII4 H AIIH'H>> H A NOMI{III A CT YqI.ITCTq' f BJI gfl Cb BO MHOII'IX

OTHOlI]eHHgX'<ilOP?314TeJIbHbIM II€p€BOTI]JIOlIIeH14eM>> erO'llogAuee urarbflruiKllit ucropltr peJlurru Arra6poaxo AoHn-Hr.I cKJroHeH 6HJr 'eltAerb B KyMpaHCXux plKo'fiuclx. <<oAI'I'H

LI3 CaMblX pegKLIX KaqeCTrBeHHbIX CKaI{KOB lBO BCet nCTO-

p uu eep efrciea : I4'Htt NI t,t cJIoB a M I'I,- roBop I'IT f{oHIanu,- tvIu

yxe oKa3bIBaeMCs B IIJIO'CKO'CTI'I qpKo BblpaxeHHOIa xpI,I-

cruaHcrofi I4Ae'oJIoruu'>>. flporu'nono'flox'Has roqKa 3peHI'Ifl

tipe.u,craBJIe'Ha, lHanp14Mep, BHAHLIM a'nrnuftcruu ceMI{TO'

JrqroM faponrAou Paynr, yrBepx.qarcql'lM' IITO <<ilpeAno'

ro,xeHr.Ie, ifiylro cBHTKLI Mofyr AocraBI"ITb uau xaroe"nu6oCBLIAeTeJIbCTBO'O npllpoAe paHHerO XpxCTUaHCTBa.' sBJIqeT-

cs SauracruuHuu>. MexAy 3rI'rMI'I AByMt 'KpatrHocrffMI'I' HaxoAllrcfl ueJlaff raMMa Bapbupyoulux n npoMe)KyrotlHt'Ix

ouenoK u use'Huft. Cto'"l nporl4Bopeql{Bat ouenKa oAHI'Ix

It TeX x(e IiCTOI{HHI(O'B 'noKa3blBaeT, qTo 'B HaCTOqxIee rBpe-

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sau: 66ntruas qacrb Ky'MpaacKllx pyKonllcell eule He

o,ny6luroraHa, I'I rMbI He 3HaeM' c xaruun Qamanan. 'uaunpuAercg 'eroJlKHyTbcfl R elrle ueony6nuxoBaHHbIX $par'MeHTaX.

Tularentsoe I4sytIeHI'Ie yxe o'ny6nuKoBanHblx py'Konu'

cefi ln.o3BojlteT ycTaHo'BllTb,MtHOtOqnCJIeH,HbIe {€pTbI c_xo.I[':

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47

TaM cx'oAcT,Ba oTfioclri,ct: eAHdictBo BpeMei{d 1{ MecTa Bo3,Hr,rKHo,Be,Hr.rs 3Tr.{x AB}rx(eHVfr u STHHqe,cKoe ro>K,4,e,cTBo r4xFIa,CTHHKOB; cxOAcTBO HeKoTopbrx co,qlraJrbHbrx npllHrlH[oBr{ qe,pr rBHyrpeHHeft opraHr.rsaqHr.r; o6usocrt,s-eroroDuxHAeoJrorr,qecKr{x ocHoB (Aya.nasu, npe4ornps4sJre,Hr.re H r.r3-6pauuuuecrno), cxoAcrBo rB o6ruecrseHuo.DeJratr{03HofirpaKrr{Ke ,o6,oux 4nHxeuufr (nocrenoHHurt paipsln c o$r_[r.raJrbHbrM rKytbroM, orKa3 or xeprBonpuuoureuuft, or[ia.KoBbIfi rroAxoA K cMbrrcJry purya.uuiux orr,Iorsennft), cxo,AnuftMeTOA HHrepnperallflr4,BerxosaiBer,Hofi Jrureparypbr lr, HaJrH-que MHofIlx coTeH yxe ycTaHoBJre{HHbrx TexcTyaJrbHbrx,Qpaseonoruqec'Kl,rx Ii repMr.ruoJrorl4qecKr.rx,c,oBna,{entlfi BKyMpanoKofi n HosogagerHofr Jrr.rrepaTypax, o6ulnocrl ca-MoHaseaHrfi KyMparHcKofi r,paHnexpl.rcrr.rancxnx o6rquHr.r M,Horoe Apyroe.

K ,saxmeriur{M orJrr.rquq,M ,c.ryeAyer orHecrr.r rttpexAe Bce-no orcyrcrBue B xyupaucxofi o6rquue Aaxe [raMeKoB HaocHoBHbre AorMarbr xptrcrr.raHcrBa (rpourla, EonJrorrlen!.rery N.). E'can lnn xyipaxcxoft o6nrl.lsol yqrrefib 6un ui-6paHunrom 6ora, meccl.re_ft, nocrpeceHr,re Koroporo o)Kr.rAa-Jlocb, To AJrfl xpl.tcrl.{aa Vlu,cy'c Xprcro,c MbrcJrnJrcg cbl}roMooxur.rM, Bonnouremrie,M caMo_fo 6ora, ilrpHxoA Ko'roporooA,HaXAbr yx(e ,c,Bepur.rJrcn. KyupaHcraq o6ql,Iua 6amao6urn,noft sanarnyrofi, crporo o6eperaaurefi <raftnu> o6-IIIHTHbT u noor,oiMy r.ls6eranrueft ,Mr.rcctroHepcroft Aesre.nrno-cru, B To Bpet\{s KaK xp,r{crr.raucxr{e o6ulsHu 6unn orxpu_rbIM[ ,{.ryt Bcex u flpo'BoAr.rJrr.r ultpoKyr,O Mr.rccuoHepcKy}OAegreJlbHocrt. XpzctzarHcrrBo,,nputtreAnree Hd,cMoHy peJll{-fHt'M or,lerbHblx inre,MeH r.r HapoAoB, pa3pylxl{Jro paBAe-JrrBtur{e nnaefi grHr.rqe,cK},re t,l rocyAapcrBeHHbre [eperopoA-Krr t,t o{rKa3aJrocb or peJr}rfuoeHoft H TraunoHarbHoft ucxnp-rrr.rrerbuocrll, r 6orbruoft cre,neuu csofi,crsenHoft ay,lansuy.Buecro xyrupancnofi npo,noBeAr4 Heua,Br{,cr}r K BparaM pau-Hee xpr{cTtraHcTBo,npoBoSrJracr.rJro cBo,r{,M npr.rHrIHnoM tsCe-o6qyrc nrc6ort, B To,M rrrcJre H K ,cBotrM eparau. B Hoso-saselnofr Jrr{reparype,Moxno Aaxe o6rnapyxurb ar{pbrrylon'oJreMHKy npoTr{B HeKOTOpbtx npr{HuanoB, pa3Ae.nqBuruxcrrryupaHcrofi o6utuuofi.

OrHaxo He cleAyer ynycKarb r.rs Br.rAy, rrro Bce eTHr{€prbr, orrHqaroq}re xp}rcrr,rarHcrBo o,T xyrupaHcxo,fi o6tqn_Hbr, cTaJrH rIpHCyrqn xpHcrr.raHcrBy ropa3Ao no3AHeeB pesynbrare cepbe3Hoft rpancQopMerluu coquaJru{o,ro, HSTHI{qecKoro,cocTaiBa Il cooTBeTCTBeHTHO I'IAe,Ofi Orr,I,LI p aH'He_

ft8

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oQnuuarbHur? ,ayAausu, Ho eule H He xpucTHaHcrBo B ToMBr.rAe, B KaK,oxr oHo 'Bbrcry'naer nepeA HaM!{ Bo II e. H. s.B ro xe BpeMfl LrAeo,'Iofnn 'Kl,MpaHcKofi o6urnuu -- aro.oqeBuAHo, o4HH n3 BalKHbtx S,IIeMeHTOB, H3 ltorophlx co3îl"Ba.rrocb palree xpwcruaHc'r'no I n. n. :.

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rB I ll II nrn.-H. s. PunrcKaq nMrnepltfl Ao,crHrJIa rHaarBbrc-lueii roqrxt,t cBoe,rs Moryxle,crBa. Oi Ar.naurrnqe,cKoro fl,o-6epexrn Ha garlaAe Ao nepcn,u rHa ,Bo'croKe, o,r npr{Age-[poBcKHX croneft Ha ce,Bepe 4o 3,$no,nurr Ha ]ore - Tar(o,nu 6ura rpaH'r.nrbr ororo rllfaHlcKoro focyAapcrBa ApeB-Hocrr.r. Orue,u tr MeqoM, I{HTpHfatulI u uacn.nueu pEnr ,a,;Jro-rral B crsoii cocra,B ,cory,Hr.r He,r(ofAa cgo6oAuF,tx nJIeMeH HHapoAoB LI 6egx(a.no,cr'lro noAaBJrfl.rr iualeftruyro nonbrTKvcorrpoTLrtsJIeHLr fl.

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50

Aynae, hxeMe,Ha Eprfarur'H, Ma,sFrmafinn It Apynlte ttapo-Au. Boccrauuq HyAeerB,'B,c[bIxHy,BtuI{€ B ll5-l17 rn. u.e.o{Ho,BpeMr€Hnro s Errl{nre vt JIusuu, 'na Kunpe, n flalecru-se n MeconoraMurr{, 3acrarBll.Ilu Tparua r Agpuana orxa'3a'TbrcR O/r npoAoJIN{eHLIq tsarBOeBST€JIrgOft ,nOnUrUXU HaBo,croxe, B qacrHo,crlt or ylxe Haq6Toro rrlapStHcKoro' n0-xoAa, H nepefir'r x o6,opoue. Bce a'ro c'o3AaBa,'Io 6,raro-IIp[sTHyIo O6,Cra']I,OBKY AJIf HOBOrro tsOCcTaHIin e I'Iy4ee.ConporurneHr.re, TJIeBIuee noAcnyAno LI BpeMeHaMH Bcnbl-xl{BarBluee orrHeM BoccraHltg, Ka.K gro 6rtno npil I'IMnepa-ropax Aolntqnase (81-96 rr. n. a.) ll TpaRne, BbIJ'II4-

rrocb B 132-135 rr. H. a. B el{e 6'olee ox'(ecro'qeHny}o,BCeHapOJl,Hyro soittty, BoueAlxyrc B r.rcropl{rc nol' HaSBa-

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crHbl HaM. Ha npo,rrxeH,t{l,t [ocJI€AH]zx r,pex croJlerl4ft cy-rrlecrBolBaHrua VIylefucKoro rocyAapcrBa'ouo rpLI>KAbI oo-rprrcaJrocb or eceuapo4Hoft 6opr6u nporl'I,B I'IHo3eMHbIx3axBarqllKos. Bo II e. ,40 H. 9. HapoAHoe B,occraHl'Ie noApyKoBoAcrBoM MaKKarBeee c6poctlno ce,tleBKI'IAcKo'e BJIaAbI-qecTrBo u ,BOCCTaHOBLIJIO He3aBL!'CI4MOCTb CTpaHbI. 3ro soc-craHne 6uno gacBI4AereJIbcrBoBaHo coBpeMeHHI'IKaMI'I rt

no4po6.no onllcaHo 'B AoIxeAIxHX Ao Hac I n II KHI"IfaxMarxa,eees. 3arouqusilIaqcfl nopa)KeHHeu I4yaeircraq soft-na 66-73 rr. H. 9. I{a[IJIa cBoero Jleronficua B Jluqe Vloctt'Sa @.naarEn, xoropntt rBHaqare 6H.il aKrLreHbIM yqacrul'I-KOM ,B'O'CCTaHr4s, a 3areM rlepeureJl Ha cTopoHy pI',IMJIfl:H I',I

craJr oQtlullaJIbHbIM I'Icrop I'Io-rp a Qorra uun ep arop a B e,cn a -

cna,Ha, rno6eAurerq klyl,ett. lrI nuuts rperbfl HapoAHo-ocBo-6o,rurenrna s aoiana - Eo'ccraHlle 6a'p-Kox6u -

ge HauJIacBoeno l{cTopI{Ka.

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4{t

iiogHH[4 aoruelruuM Ao Hac r.tcfoqHLrrKorM rrBflserct He6o;tl-uori orpuooK I-{g cotlu,H€i{Hfl puM'cKor'o' rlcropl{Ka .[I,uosaKaccuq (lll a. H. ,.), coxpanutBuruftcs, s KparKoM ,nepeJro-xeHlru svsaHruftc,Koro Monaxa KcraQu.nuua (XI e. H. a.).A'lron Kaccuft 'tarc o,rrg\cbl{BaeT ficxcA BrocicraHllfl: <<50 +txyKpen,'IeHHbrx ropoAoB u 985 rrx Hau6o.nee BaxHbrxnoce.neuufr 6unH paspyueHbr Ao ocHoBaHua, 580 TbIc. qe-

.rtoBeK norn6.ru B Bblr'ra3Kax u cpa)Ke,Hllrx, noru6ul4M xeor foa1io,l(a, 9tII4,4eMLrn H o,tHg - Her qHcr'Ia. Bcg, unu iloqTnaca I4yAen rrp'eBparr.rJracb B nycrbrHio...>>. 3rn Aausue BplAJIII TO,qHbI, HO OHLI Te,M He MelHee AaIOT qcHoe [peACTaBr'Ie-Hr,re o uacrura6e Bo,ccraHr4rl. V apyrux pHMcKI4x r.{crorplrKo,B(Annua,H, Cnaprnau, QpouruH) coxparHr4,rlrcb Jrr.rlub Kpar-KHe, IIOnyTHbIe 3aMeqaHl,tfl o lBoccTaHl,rn.

Cro.nr xe orphrBoqubl, xorfl noArrac BecbMa cyulecrBeu-Hbr, cBeAeur.ifl, coxpa,Hr{BrxIaecq ,B rpyAax Orqo'a qepKtsrl(EnceeHti, I4eporHLIlt, E,nHQaHaft, <Di'tnocropr, Coxpar, Xpu-cccroM Lr Ap.) H cpeAHeBoKoBbrx xpoHr.rcroB r.r rrcropr.{KoB( <<fI a cxa,r nH afl xp o,H,HKa >>, Muxa ufl Cu,pukcxuit, A6y-,r - @ a -

paAx, Mor.rceri Xopeucrrafi). Tax, aBrop <<L[eproauoh ucro-puu> Encenuft Kecapr.rrtcxuh (lV n. n. e.) coo6uraer, I{roFIaMecTHHK I,Iyrcu PyQ, xoro,porr,ry Aapraa,H nopyq[,r no-AaBJreHr{e BoccraHlIg, <<yHHrIToxr.rJr 6es pas6opa Mrlror,oTbrcsrr My)Krrr,r'H, )KeHUrr4H u Aerel:l ,u rro 3aKoHy uoftHn xou-$lrcxona.n lrx seMJrr4. B 16 rnpeua ('noftcrou) uyAeen xo-llraHAoBaJI rieJIorBeK no uMerHrr Eap-Kox6a, qro o3Har{aer,,.3Be39a". qe"loeex gror noo6qe xaxAaJr rpa6exa u no-Ao,6eu 6un pas6o,rinzxau. OAHar,o 6naro4apa cBoeMyr.rMeHr.r orH y6eAun rHr{Bbr HapoAa, qro coureJr c ue6ec, uto-6u cnactn cMeprHblx, crpaAaloqux ta o,cy)KA€H,Hbrx Ha rbMyBeqHy!o)>. Irls srorc coo6ureHzs ErBcerBufl, B ueJro,M gar.IM-

crBoBannoro r4g Bpa)KAe6ruux ucroqrHr4 KoB, Bbrgc'ggercfl KaKcoqvta,'IbHbrfr xapaxrep BoccraHllg, TaK H Mec,ci.raH].Icrllqe-CKI,IC CNO MOT}'BbI.

Kax ero Hlr c'TpaHrH'o,n eopeftcmofi "'rureparyp'e rHe coxpa-Hl.iJrocb,c'Ko,'r bKo-;HLr 6yAl c'sasu o no onfi ca H r.rs grof o Boc cra -

nua. TanuyAHrIe,cKIre I{croqHXKI{ coxparHurI] M,Ho,ro, XorflI,I r.ruTepecHbrx, H,o Qo.nrr.nopnbrx E qa,cro 3aBeAoMo ,rereH-,[,apHbIX cneAeHraft o pyKoBo4r,rre,'Ie groro eoccraHrzg. BoroAlrrH rrpuMep. B o4uoM r.rs radrrMyAr.{qecKr,rx rpaKraroB co-o6lll,aet'cr, rITo np1,1 KoMrlJIeKToBaHHu no'BcraHqecroft ap-uuN Ea,p-,Kox6a ucnurbrBaJr xpa6poc'rr,Hoe,o6paHIIeB reM,qro npr.rKaabrBaJr r,rM orpy6arl ,ce6e na,neq. Tax xar aaro--t2

Hoyrr,HTerr.r BoSpaxa"tu nporLIB HaHe'ceHl,lt yleqbfl 60.nluto-tuly KOflHr{e,CrBy .ttrcAeft, Bap-Kox6a tcraJl npuRlIMarb tsoftcxo rex, KTo cnoco6eH Ha cxaKy BblpBarb c KopHeM

;rxsa'HcxIafr reAp. BHAe,pxa'emux o'6a sTIIx t,tcnblralgnq(,KaSaJIocb no 200 rlic. f,'cno', rITo nepeA IIaMLI JIerellAa,orpaxarcuafl MyxecTBo, pe[IuMocTb R MTHO|OI{I4CfleHHOCTb

no,Bcrauqecxoii apu,rau. BcneA 3a 3THI\{ coo6uraercg lt ra-Kas rtpr.rMeqareJlbHat AeraJIb: <A xorAa (Eap-Kox6a). or-npa'BJrgJrcs B cpaxeHl.le, ,oH roBopl'i.a: B.laAsIra uupa! Henbnaorafi, Ho lt He 'BpeAI4>. .!lc,Ho, riro u sro coo'6urenueHeJIb3q clll4TaTb AocTo,BepHbIM I'I nOHHMaTb 6yxnanuto.Bpn4 ;rz Boxab 'HapoAHo-oceo6oAltrerruoft apuult, EHAeB-

ul-efi e HeM Meccnrc, Mot B To BpeMl no3BoJIlITb ce6e no'Ao6goe KouryHcrBeHHoe 3agrBJIeHI'Ie. Oagaro I{3 SToroc,co6uleHaq Mox(Hto 3aKJIloqIITb o KaKI'Ix-To cJloxHblx B3a-

I4MOOTHOIIIeHHflX BOXAfl BOccTaHI'ifl C peJIIrfu'O:3HbIMI{ 33KO-

HOyqI'tTersMI,r.Kpoaaear pacnpaBa pltMr'IlH c Boccra'B[I]4MH TaKxe

Ha[IJra orpa)KeHl4e B TaJIMyAI'IqecKHx JIefeHAax. B onnoftH3 Hr{x rorBopr.rr,cfl: <<Putvt.[qrHe y6uaanu uyAeeB Ao rex_ roo,rroKa JrouaA[I He nofpyxaJll{cb B KpoBb Ao fo'Jto'Bbl' KponlyHocI4,'Ia CEOIIM nOTOXOU n"nr,t6u BecoM B copoK cea I Id

pa3Jil.r,racb no Moplo Ha rIporslKeHHI'I qeTblpex MHJIb.'.>'

Vnu: <<Pa'ccKa3bl'|BaJIH, qro Tpltcra M'o3roB MJIa'[,eHueB Ha-

Ir,'Irr Ha o,u.HoM KaMIIe>. JIereuAu, coxpaHeHrHbIe TaJIMyAF-qecxot rpaAI,Iu[efi, toBopqr HaM o Iua'cura6e BoccraHgs,o)r(ecroqeHEoM efo xapaKTepe ;l nJIaTIeBHOM KOHIIe'

E,cnu s,e cquTarb MoHer, Bblnyurenl{blx Bo BpeMfl tsoc-

cTa,HIIfl U Aarl4pye'Mblx no ero roAaM, AO HaC He AOIuJIO

Hr4 OAgOr'O AOKyMeHTa, BOCXOASUIenO K CaMLIM nOBCTaIHUaM'

Hr.r ,o.u,Horo 6onee r4jrlr MeHee nolpo6noro coBp'eMenHcnoBoccraH'I4lo paccKaga. Mu se 3HaeM HII KonKperHoro xoAaBCCcTaHLIg, H1'I IIOBceAHen,noft couua.nlnoft, xosgfr'crseHHOftH aaMI4rHHcrparu'e'noft ,n.enreJlbHocrI'I BoccraBurux, Ao ga-

xoILoK nocJIeAHI,tx JIer pyKoBoAI'ITeJIb BoccraHI'Il Eap-Kox-6a Hso6paxaJlcq rB I{cKaxeH'HoM BHAe B TeHAeHUI'Io3HbIx

I{ rro3AHI,Ix coo6ureHnqx pHMcKI'Ix u qepKoBHbIX aBTopoB

rfl6'o ertc'rynaJI Ka'K JIerer.[apHbIft o6pas, .uuure'snutft xr-eoft nrorl4 v KpoBI'I,- n $o.nlxn'opHblx I{cro'qHflKax'

Vltax, .o,6 etou BeJII4KoM BoccraHllu noBecrBylor JIHuib

eKyAHbIe I{croqHI{KI'I. Ho !,axe u fla vx crBl'IAereJlbcrBa He

I Cea*orqno l5 re,

53

6u.no o6pailIeHo Aocraroq'Horo BHl.lMa,Hill. TaiK, H,arnpH,Mep,

fluoiH l(a,ccufi co,o6qaer, qro Ha cnyuafi nopaxenr{fl no-BcraHubr sapa'Hee nomBr.rJrr{ ce6e npr6exuqa B ropmbrxneuepax. OAfin r.rs orrroB uepKBH Hg,poHr.rrr4 (III-IV nr.n. s.) urruoXoAoiM rorB'op'Lrr o6 yua,crru t.r nocJreAneM npt,t-6exnule noiBcraHrleB. B 4oxasareJlbcrBo rono, qro ,HlIqnoHe Moxer ycroqrb nporr.rB sceno,6ex,rauueft Moru[ pr,rM-cKoro opyxxl, Hepoullu raK onr.rcaJr rpart,tqecKufi tpllna;lBoccraHufl Eap-Kox6iI: <<Xnrelu VIyne, ,BrnaJrr{ s raxofiyx(a,C, IITO O'HLI CaM,LI C XeHaM'LI H .IIeTbMH, C STOJIOTOM tlcepe6polvt (oxn ua4erJrllcb, rrro oHo trM n,ouoxer) yKpbr-Jrrlcb B uau6o.nee r.ny6oxux fleqepax>>. Kasaroct' 6lr,

-ra-

Kolo po4a u3Becras .Aonxnu 6lrnu [puBJreqb r,rHT,eDecapxeoJlonoB r.r lrcroprrKoB. OAua'ro gToro He nDoLI3oIIIro.H ro.nsxo cnvqaftHaq Haxo,a,Ka 6e4yxuon no6yauna apxe)-JIolcB K opf aHr-rgauHr.r eHcreMarr.rqecKr.rx o6cre,q,ogaHI,rft lrpacKonoK, Koropbre I]pr4BeJrIj K [0pa3r{TeJrbHbr,M p$yJrb-TATAM.

nEUlEPbt BAAH_MyPAEEAAT

Kax 6n.no orMeqeHo, BbIcoKr.re qe[Ibl, ycraHoBJreflHbreHa pyKoltncnue QpanueHTbr B c,nfl3].r c HaxoAKaMr.r s KvM_paue, nos'6yAv[rE y 6eayusoB nJreMeJra raarMr.rpe Heyrpo-rr{My}o <<crpacrb> K apxeoJrorr,rH. EeAyr.ruu pacrur.rpun,r,ro6racrr ceoeft AesreJrbHocrr{ r{ pa,cnpocrpanu.rrr.r rairuneno*rcxr.r Ha coceA,Hue c Kyupauou

-paft6nu. C orrq6Dq

l95l r. our{ craJrn flpuHocr.rrb Arq ,npoAaxr.t B Apxeo,ro-ru'{e,c'rl.tft r.rHcrr{ryr n Hepycanuue $p aruerslsl py116,111.1,ggft ,flpOucxO)I(AeH14e KoTOpbrX OHr.r OTKasbriBaJrr.rCb cOO,6Ulnrr.Kaxn B cryqaecHaxoAKaMr.r B KyMpaiH,cKr4x neqeipax;o'co6eHuo cTapaJILICb sa,Me,cTL.I CJreAbI lI BBe,CTI.i apXeOIOnOrBr sa6nyx4e,Hr.re Lr3,Be'cTnbre yx(e HaM flocpe/:HLlKu MexAy6eAyusaua r yrreHbrMr.r

- <srofi resufr> KVM'paHcK[x Haxo-AoK__KaHAo, BJraAeJreU KoxeBeHHoft nanxn, H efo KoMnaHb-o,u Xopx Vl,cafts. Mno'no Hacrofiqrsocrr,r, re,pnerH.r.rs tr ocr-poyMr.rfl norpe6onanocs, qro6u pasysHari raftuy Me_cToHaxo)K.ILeHH,s HoBbIx rnelIlep

- oKpbrTbrx xpaHr.rJrr,rul pyKO-n,nceft.

^ ;B .4neeurzre P. ae Bo HMeercfl creAyrouaq sarrtucb or8 annapa 1952 r.: <<Vrpo. Xopx ynpeKaer Me,Hfl sa ro,rITo fl HLIqef.p He noKS/[ale y Karxgg. fl orrse,rab, rtTo He

fl

)KeJlato Aerarb Hltqeto IlpurhBo3aKoHHoro. Ou ,,yolora-I'IBaer" MeHfl u 'o5euaer llpl'IBecrlt KaHlo B qerBepr( 10-'ro) .' flonAeHt. Xacam Oapxau npl'{rHocl'IT rneoKorbro Qpan-MerHToB. Topr tpyalruft. XacaH 3a1ttpaurl'lBaer cJII{llIlK'oM Ao'poro rnoA reM npeAroforM, qro AJIfl HtlXox{'AeHI'Ifl erux $par'MoHToB norpe6o'nanact pa6ora ABaAqarI'I qeroBeK B reqe-HlIe nsrlr ,u,Heft, qto Mecro HaxoAKI{ pacfloJloxe:Ho AaJIeiKo

or Br.rQneeua H rpyAHoAocrynno. Tax KaK fl orHeccs K

€fo CJIo,BSM CKeIrTr,rqecKLI, O'H toiBopl{T MHe: ,,Te6e 'o'cTaeT-

cs roJrbKo caMoMy no,fila u y6e4tlrucg B gTo'M". I y*uu-TI{Jrcg 3a rIp€AJI'o)KeHfie' Pas'Be 3To eoaMox'Ho? OH Meuq

3aBepfler, qro Aa. TorAa q npeArafaro Ao6Ilrnct JInueH-

allu ,[,enapraMe[tra Ape'Bxorcrefi na pa6ory eno rpynrlbl'rar qro6u ee ,HI{KT'O He [orpeBoxLIJI, HO HyXHO' qroo-bl tlnoroBopI,IJI o6 erona c AI4pel{Toporr'r Aenaprauenra' tDap-

xaH corJlauaer'cfl. Haxoueu MbI AoroBopl'lJlucb, t{To -n

ype-

fyJllrpyrc 9TO,T BOnpoc c roic,IloAt'tHou XapA[',HnOM' a Xaca'H,

co ceoeft cropoHbI, y6elrat cBoI'Ix KoMttaHboHoB npI'IHflTb

rraens. Ou nepHercr Ko MHe B noHeAeJlbln;ux (14-ro)>'B aHrape 1952 r. 6una oprauu3o'BaHa o6leAilHeHHaq

a DxeoJroruqecKa ff 3l{cne/l}Iu}1fl -,II,en

apra u €'HT? AP€'BHocleftrtoirî"ii, QpaHuys,crt<ofi apxeo;lofnqecKoft urrKoJIbI s I4e-

pyia.nnrnre u fla.ne'ctl'trucKoro Apxeo;toruue'cKono Myser Bo

fr,rarBe c ugrBecrHbt,Mu apxeoJl'orallll P- ae Bo n JI' Xap-

;irrio*. SrcueAuqux, p'a6oraeu: as c 2l flHBap-'l no I Qe'n-

pa"rrn 1952 r., npoll:r,Bera apxeoJlorltqec'Kue o'6creAo'saHuH

H cucre;rlarr{qecKue pacKonKu B fieu{e,pax paftoua Baau-fovpa66aar', r 25 K,tt K lom'rBocroKY oT Llepy'caJIXMa- Il

Iti 7; * oiv or Xurp6er-KyltpaHa, B rpex qacax xonr6t'tor Mepraorb uopl.- fleuteplr oKa3afiH'cb A,eftc't'sHtensnor DV.trHO,U.O'CTVIIHbIIvlH, a AIq KOdIeCHOTo TpaH'CllOpTa I'I BO'B'ce

He"AOcTynHsrrrlil. flo yaroft u onac.uoii TpornI,I[IKe npnIIIJIOcb

HecTr;r na ce6e s,ce cHa.psxeuI'Ie excfl€'AHIII{I'I, BKJIloqaff H

3Jr€KTpIi{€cKI{€ reHepaTopbl Arq oc'BeuleHl4q TeMHbIX ne'

uep, flpo.u,o,B,oJlbcriBHe H BO'Iy. Eo'nrutyto noMo',lllb Slicne-

Ii?rjf.jdl|OKagailu?lopAaHrCKHeBJIaCTI'IHHaXOAI'lBIlI[e'cgBpa'cnopfxeHLIi'I apxeoJIOroB ooJI,IIarbl' SCKOpTI{pOBaBIIIHe

3KcneAI{uH}oI,IBbInoJIH'I'BIIII-Iep'IABaxHblxI,lcJIox(Hblxpa.6,or. B co,craBe SIrcneAI'luHI{ 6uno e'oceNls 6e,u,ylluon, nPU-

rJ'ra[IeHHbIX B Kaqe'cTBe pa6outlx' Kor'fla 3I{Cne'lI'HIII{g AO-

craf,{a }Ie,cra ,HasrHaqeHHg' oHa B O'AnOfr H3 l]-eqep SacrHf-

la rafirutx KnaAoucKare.nefi-34 6elyu'ua' t{acrl lrx pa3'

55

6eXana,cl, a nputrepHo noilo,BfirHa ocraJracb, u ryr Xe 6unxHa'HflTa Ha pa6ory H B,KJuoqeHa B cocraB giKcrneAuuult.

flecMoTprr Ha npor.rSBeAeHHbre KnaAor{cKa,TeJlf Mn onv_cro[rear.rfl, B qerbrpex neuepax 6u;ru o6,Hapy)KeHbr nauni_HrlKH Marepualuuoft KyJrbrypbr u pyxonucll. Becl srorMarepr4aJr 6u.ry orny6,llfroBa\H s lg6l i. r aryx noJrln\orMaxBrop,olo ror\ra cepuu <<Orrpurnr s Hyaeiiciofi nycruue>.

naHneH,Hbre B nerqepax naMflTHII.KH ltatepnansuoftt(yJlb'Typbl eBllAerer'rb,crlBytoT, r{To, len{epbl 6il,rn s toit ulltauoli tuepe o,6zraeuri Ha npoTfl)KeHHI{ caMbrx pa3rurlHbrxneptrroAorB: 9HeoJrr.rTa, I,I,rr{ MeAHo-KeMeHHO|O geia (IV ftr_ctqeJrerHe Ao H. a.), rep_floAa Cpeaneft 6pon:u (Ii rucn_qeJrerue ao._H._a.), Ir Xereea (VIII_V[l se. Ao H. o.),put\{icKorro (J-tt n,n. u. s.) r Apa6cxoro (IX_X nn. H. e.;nepr4or.oB. Ocnosnaq Macca HaxoAoK serieft

" py*on""uftorHoclrrcfl x l_-ll

-BB. n. e. HaxoAxu Mofier qexina Ea,p_

Kox6u n.pyKorracefi eroro "p.naeH,

;;il;;;'-";;"._nurb _cnoft, orHocqunrlrcfl K nepaoAy Bo,ccrarr.ra Bap,Kox-6n. Croaa oTHocqrlcs cJreAyroq[e naMflTHr4Kr.r MareipHaJrb_noft xy;llrypbr; KepaMr.rxa !r nocyAa r.r3 KaMHfi; opyxue r{B,OeHHOe cHapfl)KerHlle; DaSJrr..IqHbre opyAr,rfl, B TOM g]rrcJr€MerHurfiHc'Kr'rft xupypraqe'crrfi N,ucr,pyirenrapnft; AepeeqH-Hbre r{sAeJrr4s; Hrurhr; flpscJnrua; o6ynl; rKaxrlr (urepcru unonolHo) ; npeAMerbr yxpaueuufl (xbnuUa, 6,porui, .i.O"r,6p ousonue a rrRJrEKa Ur4r.r ) ; trl o.nuroeHHbr e n priH a AJrexHorcru(Qyr.nrp .una Su.narrepr.reB, unu <<regunn"iuu ri' 5i; il"Bcpnr o ro'M, '{To B nerqeDax HarrJrr ce6e v6exsue no.BcraHubr c ux ceMbn,MH. B6Jrustl ,[eu{ep'o6rrapyxenuo,c'TaTKlr pr.rM,cKr4x cTo_p_oxeBbrx no,cTorr, npocyrl(ec"Bo,BaB_utux gAeLcb Ao Konua II s. fi. e. BeccnopmbrM Ao,Ka3areJrb-crBoM o6utatnun 3Aecb noBcra:HUeB 6ap-Kox6tr N 6er.ne_qo'B, tricKarB[tux y6exuua, rrB.[tl.orcs uaftAexgnre sAecrp yKOfi l{,CU,,He[rOiCp e{re1'B eHH,o OTHOC'ITII4eC ff K r eplroAy BO c-Cl'AHIIfl.

B,cero B,reqe-pax Baau-Mypa66aar HaftAeHo 173 Qpar_MeHTa paslnuHofi BeJltrr{r4lHbr Ha KO)I{e, IlanH,pyce z vepen_Kax, tnanacaHubre Ha ApeBHee'speficxotr,t, apauefrcxor'r, ipe-qecKoM, JIarHHcKo,M u apa6cxo,M ffsbrKax. flo cooerr,ry

'co-

AepxaHr.rto orr ,pyKo[rzca noApa3IeJrqrorcrl rHa renciuo14Od'reHcKtre, JrI,rTepaTy,pHofo, JItITyprHqecKoro II MarHge_cKorro xapaKTerpa, a TaKx(e .4,o,KlM€iHTbI XO.?gftrcrseHHbI€.

56

: T e rD Hr n H H* MoJrurBenubre npunaaJrexnocrr,t uy4eee.

lopr{Ar4qecKHe, aAu14HHcrparuBHbre H 6brroBbre. Oco6uftH,HTepec IIpeAclaBJrfl]or Ae,'roBble AoKyMeHTu I-lI BB. ,H. 3.Ha eBpefrcKoM, a,paMefitcKoM u rpeqecKoM fl3bt,Kax: KoH-TpaKTbt-Kynque Ha 3eMe,rrbHbre yqacTKr.r Ii Apyryrc HeABI{'-xttMo'crb, Ao;'rfo.Bbie pacnH'cKlr, 6pauHue KoHTpaKTbI H 6pa-KOpa3BOAHbre AOKyMeiHrrr. Bnepnue noAJrr.rHHbre AOKyMeH-TbI O,CBCIqAIOT BAXHbIE

'BJIC,HI,I' XOSflII,CTBCHHOft )KI{]3IHH I4

co,r{r{aJIHHo-3!KorHoMHrrecKr.rx oTH,olIIeHIlft B rIeplroA MexIyI4y4efi'c,ro'ft s,oftHoft 66-73 fr. H Boccra,HreM Eap-Kox6n.-

Cpeau Har.{i6oree BaxHbIx AoK}nMeHToB, oruocqql,txcffHenoopeAcrBeHrHo K neptloAy BoccraH]rl 5ap-Kox6u,-peecrp KorrrrpaKroB Ha cAaqy B apeHAy 3eMe,'IbHbIx yqacT-KoB, co,croqlrufi I,Is 23 QparueHro,B AoroBoporn. I4e coo6-ureunfi alHT'I{qr}iblx a'BTopoB HaM LI3Becrgo, tITo noicJle rlopa-xe'HHrr Bo,ccrarHr,rs 66-73 rr. 6onturafl r{acrb sel,ul4 6HraxonQuc,ro'earHa Puuo,rra. Cy,u,r no HaftAenHouy peecrpy Ao-foBo,poB, B KoTopbrx SeMeJrbHbIe yqacrKrl cAaI,orcrl B apeH-Ay or lrMe;I{r{ Eap-il(6xfi61, MoxHo npeAnoJlo>Kurr, uro bap-Kox6a rpousBe,r BaxHylo arpap'Hylo ,peQo,ptvty, B pesyJlb-Tare Korop,ofi t<'oHSrcKoBaHHbIe Pptiltoir,t 3eMJII'I 6amw o6'a'qBreiHbl nocyAapcrBerHsofi co6crseHHo,crblo I;I c/laBaJILIcb B

apeHAy or,u,eJrbHblMr4 yqacrKaMn. Peecrp roIxeJI r xpafruerrJraqeBrHoM cocrogHr.rH. Hacroqqfifl nayunufi noABI{,r co-Bepur4Jr r.r3rBecrHbrfr ilcc,neAoBare"nr x. MrnltK, xoroputftnpo,AeJraJr nenoo6pasuMo rpyAnylo, noAJIuHHo IoBeJII'IpHyIop a 6ory tto l{,cno,'t bBoB a H 14 to Bcex, Aa xe MI'IKp ocKonI"ItIecK}IxKycoq'KoB reKcra r.r peKoH,crpyt4poBaJl craHAa'prHblft rexctKoHTpaKrorB. Pa:yveelcrl, Ild.i't€Orpa$uuecxoe r ?IcropuKo-cp,rn,onoruue,cKoe HsyqerHue orl{x Qpannnenron eIrle He 3a-r(oHr{eHo. OAHaxo ocroB H ocHoBHoe coAep)Kauue 3Toroc,ryox'seftmero Ao,KyMe,HTa npeAcraB,Tqerctt n o6u1ux uep-'f ?ix flrcHblM. Bor o6paseu ro'nrpaxron 3.

l. B asaauarnfi (Ae,Hr uecnqa) IITesar, roAa Bropofo2. ocso6oxAeHl4fl ldspaunn roA pyKoBoACTBoM [llu-

MeoHa.3. cusa Kccui6a a, npanurela Vspauna'4. B ;larepe, HaxoAalqeMcs B lep'o4ltytrle,

3 ,II,;rr yAo6crsa qlrrarenefi [pr.tBolr-tM nepenol_6es yKa3aHuq !{Ho-roqucJreHHbrx BoccraHoBJleHufr rercra, cAeJIaHHbrx X. Mu.nnxolr e 6onu'u[rHcTBe cnyqaeB Ha ocHoBaHLIll coxpaHuBlul'rxcq flapanrerlllblx--MecJ.

{ O ro>*.necrsennocru 3roro uMeHH c HMeHeM Illuueou Eap-Kox6aClrl. gI|)Ke.

5. 3.neasap, cblH LUu,TolHlrra, cKa3aJ,l'6. I'un.nenn, cblHy lapu,ca 5: f, no cB,oeil Bo,re,7. aperHAo'earr y re6a yqacroK 3erltJlH,8. xoropuri r{Meercff y Menrr a l4p-,Haxail B apeHAe.9. ApenAo,sar y III'u'MeoHa, rpaBureJrt

10. Vspanntr, Ha nrrb Jre?.ll. E,cJr,u s .He 6yAy o6,pa6arunarb... (yqacroK)12. sror, 6yAy r.lsruran ra nraruycs (?)13. B,ceno (?). fl apenAo'BaJr y "re6t or Hbl'Hetrt'Hero AHfl14. l. KoHua [IeMLrrrbI (,noAa ornyulenraa).15. ,{pen,nuafl rilara, Koropyrc n 6yly olseufi,sarl re6e

3,4,eCb

1,6. exerroAuo, (6yAer n,uecerna) nueuuueft xopouefi17. n qucroft ('e pas'M'epe) uerupex Kop LI no'cltlltl cea6,

(,c x'oro,pux 6yaer osucxana) Aecsrr.rna18. . Koropbre 6y.aeul19. orMepsrb Ha Kpblrttre xpa'H,'url{ula e fep'oArayme

'20. exeroAso. V (eror 4o,ryuenr) o,6s'3brrBaer MeHs, co-|Jra'cHo ero coAepxaErrro.

21 . ?neaeap, cblrH LLIulolrura, sa ce6g (,no4nrzca.u)...

Bcrpeuarculeecs B Ko,Hrpaxrax Ha apeuAy, a raKxe B

Apyrr.rx AoKyMeHrax rs Ba,qr.r-Mypa6'6aar a Hiixa;r-X6nepNus lllmueo'n 6ap-K,ocn6a sMe,c'ru pauee lre,ne'crnoro bap-Kox6a, peuaer garaAKy, cBfl3aHHyl,o c I{[leHeM gHarMeHH-

TCro Box(Ar tsoccranrz:r{. l{e.no a roM, qro u,ur Eap-Kt-rx6a,1'. e. <<rcbl,H 3!BegAbI>), AaH,HOe g.())KAIO BOCCTaHLI'| eUte pa66HAxfieoii, oAHI'IrM H3 HAeofloro,B BoccTaHHt{, rHecoMHe'HHoIlMeer MecclraHr.Ic'ncKoe 3ByqarHlreT. B raI@M Bl{Ae 3To r{,MflBocfl puHqro xpr.rcrltaHc,rnuM u ]rcrorrHl.t,KaiMn (B archochebasu Chochebas). Oauaxo ,r TanruyAe r.r Muapaurax Box;tbBoccraHufl Ha3nBaercn <<5eH(unu 6ap) -KosH6a>), T. e.<cu,s o6uaHxII4Ka>). fpeuec'rue .r,oKyMe,HTbr, HafrAenHme Ifleulepax, fOBOptT HaM O IIO'AJIHHHOM 3ByqaHLII4 HMCHII BOIX{-

As BOCCraHns. E,Cnu gn:peficxoe n apaueft'cr,oe sarlHcaHHe,cocroruree roJrb'Ko r{s ,oorJracHbrx sHaKoB KWSBH (u,ruKSBH), [o3BoJlrrer qnrarb aro r{Mr xax Koce6a, Kocu6a aKoc6a, To no-fp'eqec'Ka, r,Ae rJIacHbIe o,6osHaqa,nrcfl H Hatt]i-

5 Imle.nr, cnn laprca, - oqeBuAHo, ynonHoMoqeHHuft Eap-Kox6uno caaqe 3eMeJrb B apeHAy B Tonapxuu lepoauyru.

6 Bcero oxo.no 1714 Ke seDna.7 rlo npeaasno, pa66u Axgsa cocrarcfl Ha crux ug xsurn tlscea

(24, 17): <BocxoAur 3B€3Aa or Haxosa> - Har\lex sa uaps-Meccslo.

58

eadl{e coor,BercTByeT IIpot't8HouenE'K)' oHo HETIIHCSHO]

Xocn6a ( Xrptov Xtoorpo ) n 3ro sBJlserct peuIeHI'IeM

Bonpoca. Qro' xacaer,cs raJIMyAI4qeCKOnO HanI'ICaHI'It Eap-Kosu6a, To oHo MofJto Bo3HlIKHyrb B aporl"IBoBec LIMe'

Hu Eap-Kox6u c ero MeccnaHI'IcrcKI'IM 3By_qaHteM lt cBHAe-

Te,'IbcrByer o raxofi-ro npaxAe6nofi 6ap-Kox6e rpaAuuul't,o6optr,tt{sueftcs, sepoqrHo, yxe nocJle flopaxeHlltl Boccra-nr.rq. 3ra saMeHa KSBH Ha-KZBH rpol{3oIIIJIa B pe3yJlbra-Te Lrrpbr cJIoB, Bo3BoAuemeft no co3Byqnlo [arpoHI'IMIrqe-cKoe (T. e. <<cbIH Kocu6u>) I'IJII,I ronoHuMnqecKoe (t. e'

<ypoxeneu MecrHocrl'I Kocu6u>) KSBH K r.narony KZB -(JIf arb>, <<o6t'l aHstaarb>>.

Ms 4oryueHTo,B o KyrIJIe jnpo'Aax(e 3e'MJII'I' AarupyeMblxBnJrorb ,u,o nocJle'AHe[o roAa Bo'ccraHug' BHAHO' qro Hapq-

Ay c HaIIfioHaJIH3Itpo'BaHHbiMI{ 6ap-Kox6ofi seunrult cy-qC,CTBOB A JI I,I !I q A CTHO]BJI A.II.CJI bqCCKLI C 3C M JI I{.

Eorsuroft 'I,IHTepec npeAcraBJlfllor A'Ba noAJIIIHHbIX

flvcbMa Eap-Kox6u, aApecoBaHublx HaqaJlbultxy oAltoit t'ts

Kpelocreft - I,Ienye, cblrHy fa.nno.nu. B oAHoM H3 HIixnpeAnr.r'cbrBaeTcfl oTrpy3I,Irb B pacnopffxeHl'Ie cneuI4aJIbHo

nocJraHHoro Jl'nua [pLIMepHo ABe roHHbI nIxeHI'IubI (pnc. 9) 'B grorvr xe ltrlcbMe Eap-Kox6a nplro6oApaer cBoero aApe-

cara v npl.IKa3bIBaer eMy ycl{JIItTb yKpenJIeHI'I'e Mecrll'ocrl4'B 4pyrorr,r r'llcbMe Eap-Kox6a yrpoxaer HaKa3aHIrsMH' ec-

nu iio-nu6o cflytltlTcff c HeKHMI'I <faJIItJIegHaun>' Kro oHt'l

TaKLIe, noKa HeflcHo. K coxaneHu,Io, KrrcrleBoe cJIoEo nl'I'cb-

Ma norBpexAeHo, u MbI TOqHO noKa He 3HaeM, OT 'qer0nperocreperaet 6ap -Kox6a.

Tortry xe tr4euye, cu'Hy la.nrro.nu, -aApecyercr raKxenracbMo pylnoB,oA14Tenefi o6urt'tttu ber'Mauro, oqeBI'lAHo,

noAKonrpoJlrrnoft eu}r. B ero'u nu'cbMe 6epercn ltoA 3aItU4'

Tv oI(n,H n3 qJIeHoB 66urr,nu, y Koroporo BJIacrgrMl'I ron$u-cxo,saHa KOID'O'Ba. 3Aecr xe coo6ulaeTct{, I{ro ruq,Hofi q'BKe

pyxonoAure.neft nrpenffr,crByer npn6nuxeuue opaxe'c't<ofi

apMrrH,.- HaxoAru B nerqepax Bann-Mypa66aat !I Haqatsulue

nOCTy'naTb Ha pbIHOK AOKyMeHTbI Ltg <<HeyCTaHOBJIe[IHblX

IvleCT HaXO'}I(AeHIiiq> nOKa3aJII'l'' K?lK MTHOFO IIeH'HOfO IICTO'

pprrecK,oro MarepI'raJIa eure raltr e ce6e- -uanoHs.yueuustitiafion Hyaeftcr6fi nycrblHll. B 1960--ll 196l rr. 6u.n nafi-reH eule oAuH apxus 4oxyueuron. 14 renepb AoKyMeHrbltls Baau-Mypa66aar 6yayr I'Isyqarbcfl s reo]toil cBfl3I'I cHTCCJTeAO'BaHr.teM STOrO apxu,Ba.

59

HAXOAKH 1960-1961 rr.

HaxoAxlr B nexlepax Baau-Mypa66aar c,'reAoB no-BcranueiB apMlru. Eap-Kox6u r c,BrrjaHHbrx c srlrM Boccra-HHeM AOKyMe,HTOB BbrS'BaJm (<qenHyro ,peaKur,rrc> HoBbrx oT-rpurHft. EAsa saroHqr{Jrucb pacKo[Kra nerqep Baav-Mv-pa66aar t,t npoAoJlxalracb cKyrrKa 4oxyrtrenroi, no,nanrulrxB Ijy'Krr.r 6eAyuuoe, KaK B IIpo,Iaxy cTaJrH rrocTyrrarb HoBbrepy,KOlIIfiC.II <<LI3 Hey,CTaHO'BJIerHHbrX MeCT HaXO)KAeHuq>>. He-KOT'Opbre AOKyMeTHTbI 6tr,ru Aaxe o,ny6lu,xonaHbl rroA 3TI4MraHHcrBeHHuu rprQou. Crano fl'cHo, qro 6eryuuu ua6pe-Lvr H? Ho'Bbre xpaur.rJrurrla pyr,onucefi flep]roAa Boccranlrsbap'Kox6u. Bperraa urr'ro, Ho' 6e4yu,Hlr Hr.rKoMy He lrog'Bo-iiSJIH [po,HLII{Hyrb B cBoro raftuy. OAgaro nbr.T,rtl4,Barr MbIcJrb)'qeHbrx,oKasaJracb erqe yflpfl Mee.

IOxnee pafioHa Baan-Mypa66aar r 3ftu-fe,An Haxo-n.IITCfl rpsAa cKarl'l,cTblx rop co MHoxecrB'oM TpyAHo,AO-crlrrrHbrX fleuep. B Ha,croflrrlee BpeMfl TaM npoxoAr4ir rpa-Hrrua Mexry I'Iopxanueir u Vspau;leu. Ecre,crne,uuo 6lrnonpeAfloJroxrrrb, r{To B ApeBHo.crI{, Kot.qa er'oft rpanzubr He6bl.rt,o, 6erreuu, cnacaB[rIte,cff or pLtMcKlrx Jr€tH,o,HoBr Hc-ranu ce6e y6exlue B neuepax ?r srono pafioHa. Ha'aylasc 1953 f. u n,o rr{'Bapb lg60 r. apxeoJror 14. Axaponr4 npo-HgBeJr 3Aecb HecKoJrbrKo npo6Hux o6creAoaanuft u narue;rB nelqepax cJreAbr o'uragun nrcAeft B pa3fir,tqHbre neplro-Abr, B roM r{}rcJre r,r B nepr.roA B.oc,crarH}r,s Eap-Kox6u. Elr.nuraM ?a,Kxe r,BcrBerflbre cJreAbr noceqenuft 6e4yauon -K.rraAoricKareneft. E,onee ror,o, B flHBape 1960 r. Ha BTo-poit 4eu1_pa6orr,r o'r(creAr.ruafi H,s oAH'oft fier{erpbi BbrlueJr6eAy[H. I{e ocranaurlrBascb Ha oKpHKr,r. ou v6exan.

B 1960 n. 6sl.rya c'HapqxeHa xoun.rrexcnafl apxeoJrorr-qec'Kaq sKcne/I14ur{rr Hepyca,rraurcr{o,Fo vur,eepcuiera, Ae-rtarpraMeHTa Ape,nHocreft u 14spaa.urcxoro apxeororurrre-cxono o6urecrBa. B reqerHue ArB,yx BeceHHr.rx pacKoflo.qHbrxcegoHoB 1960 u 19,61 rr. 3KcneArullq npor{3BeJra cprcreMa-Tr{qecKoe o,6,cre!o,eaHr.r,e 14 pacKoflKr,r neqep a paftoHe ue-xAy 3fin-felr.r (Ha ceaepe) n MacaAoil (lra 6re) rporq-)KeHHocrbrc npr{,Meprno e 15-20 rcn.

Pa6ora 9Kctte,{tzuur.r nporeKara a Heo6uqaft,Ho rpyn-I{brx yc.rroBuax. ,{,o,ctytt Bo MHorrre flerrleDbr, Haxonqutlecflts otBe,cHbrx cKad'rax HaA 3r.rflioulefi nponacrbro, [oAqac B

corHu Merpon, 6u.n ConpaxeH c 6onrur,o,ft o[acnocrb]o ItHanoMrrHaJI ycJIroBI{i aIbnlzHl,ricToKl{x BocxoxaeHufi. lri onv-

60

ekos. Bce oro tpe6onano xpaffHe rl4ate.nrnoft u npo.fly-Ma'H;HOfI BO rBCeX AeTaJIgX nOAnOTOBKLI. B nOU'Or{b gKCneAH-

qlt,u 6lrno sHAeneHo BoI4HcK'oe noApa3AeJIeHI'Ie, Koro,poelpcAeJIaJI'o 6onlul'lo pa6ory lt,o [poBoAKe sfierKrpuqecKoroocBeuleHl.Ig B neulepbl, ycraHo'BKe reneQouttoft cBq3I'I Mex-Ay neqepaMli 14 JlarepflMll apxeoJlofoB, a ra'K)Ke MexavorAeJIbHbIMU Jlafe.pflMt4 il r. A. "rlrcAn, apxeororuqocKcccrHapsxeHHe, rexHLIKa (e;lexr,pHvecKI'Ie rerHeparopbl, K0M-

IIpeCCOpbl, IIHeBMaTHqeCKi4e i\lOr'lOTXI{' MI4'HOI;I'OKaTeJII'I

u r. n.), lrpoAoBoJIb,criBI{,e, BOAa AOCTa,B"rls,rI'tcb K MecrypacKorroK Ha Belpro,'Iera x.

B p a 6ore sKcneAl,Iquil .no M t{ ivlo n p o Qec'cllo,tt a,'IbHbIx yqe-Hbtx-apxeo"loro'B n'pLI|HtJilr TaK)Ke yqacTHe

_ CTyAeHTbI-ap-

xeoJl,oflr u MiHoxecrr'o' go6po'aoJlbueB we Ylepaunf, fl'tr'o-Hura. LIseuu14, ClilA. Bcs sxc'neAuurq 6llna pa3AeJIeHa

Ha qerblpe orpsAa B'o fJIaBe c ap-xeoJl'ora'ur, H. AsuraAor'I,I-1. Eap-AaoHotnt, I,l. Axaponu u 14- f,Auu'ou. KaxnoUY lts9ri.{x orpqAon 6t'i"r orBeAerII onpeAeJIeHHufi yuacror'.Bcero,n.n.A"ttr.ir 6u;ro o6cneAo'salHo o'KoJIo 40 neurep. floaofiorpoMnble -vcl'{Jll4fl He Bo3HanpaxAaJll{cb HaxoAKaMI'I' Tar'Hanpr{Mep,'c oco6uun rpyAHocrsMu'6atno conpsxelHonporHI4KH'orBeHI'le B neIUepy, Fa3BallHyIo noroM [Ienfepofi

Qu,nuua. KaKoso xe 6u;lo' pasoqapoBaHl'Ie apxeoJlonoB'xoraa s Heft HauIJIIlt, ToJIbKo Kr'ornKll croBpeMenrHoft oAex-Abr, gaHeoeHuue Sn,ruHoM B cBoe rHe3Ao!'.Hau6o.nee

LrHiepecHble I{ Ba)KHbIe HaxoAKI{ 6r'uu cAe-

Jra;Hbr B qerbtpex neluepax, 3_a KOTOpbIMI{ B HayKe 3aKpe'nHJrr,rcb Ha3BaHI4s: flenlepa 6acceftua, fleutePa co'KlpoBI'Iq

r4Jrr4 Kilaha, Ileqepa yx(acoB u fleqepa nl4ceM. B sacros'uleeBpeMqMbIpac.noJlaraeMnpeABapI{TeJlI,lHbIiMI,IoTqeTa.MI4 o pacKonKax 3rlt,x ,neuep u ony6ni'rro'BarunblM s 1963 r'[oJIHbIM Hayl{HblM I',lsAaHHerM B'CeX naMgTHI'IKOTB MaTepI{-

anruoft xy.trityplr, ,HaftAeHHblx r lleuepe nu'celt.,3ro tt'l'o-

uyren"rniltufi' 6o.nna,Hr -'nêpsltft roM cepuu <I4'c'c'neAo-

e aHI-I q I4yaeft crorl tt]rcrblHll>> 8.

nrrarpo 1accefiia, 6fi,g,qgloBaunafl orpnAou A.lorna-ae c H.

'AeuraAol\4, HaxoAllrcff e paftoue Hdxa'[-AaeuAa,s6nnsu ApeBHero fopoAa 3ftu-feary 3a'naAuoro no6epexuMeprnoro uopa. flo4beM B neuepy oqeHb Kpyrol'I' rre-

from the Bar-Kokhba Perlod in the <Caae

i)esert Studies>, r'ol. I, .lerusalem, 19638 Y. Yadin, The Finds

of Letters>, - <.Iudeani[rnpnr].

6l

ilepa_ul,teer 33 n AJI,I{HbI, 6-7 n Bblcotbr n 3-4 il uriltpt-HH. THcsqe.nernufi rcfloft no,uera reryq.nx natrrueft cosAarHeBbrHocr.tM,o yAyruJnlByro arrraocQepy, raK qro pa6orarrB nelqepe Mox;Ho 6ul,o ronrKo B nporllrBotagax. K rorrtlyxie rpyArlocru pa6otu ycyry6naaacb reM, r{To n,o rlrerKo-

TopbrM npr,rqnrHaM ryAa 6uno H€rBoBMoxrHo npoBeclr.r aJreK-rpnqecKoe o,cBerr{eH}Ie.

fleruepa 6accefina noJryq[,ra cBoe Has,Bauue 6;rarogapro6HalpyxeHgo,My B Heft acxy,ccrBernHoMy BoAoeMy lnr.r,sofi5 ttt, tstwptunofi I ,20 n, o6re,nro,r'r 12 n3. Bonoeu xopouoorxryKarypen. AoxAeBas BoAa no,cryrana B Hero qepesrIacTLIqTro cox'paHliB'Ixuftcr neprura,.rlr,Hut? cToK c,ltpnctt,o-co6nernuem AJrr nrpelq,Bapr{TenbHor'o orcrot. Arura4 cur,Taer gro coopyx<eHl{e r4ruxeHeprHbrlM ne/tBHrotr, o,co6enHoecJru yqecTb MecT0noJroxeHr.Ie cKaJrbI.

flausrnuru Marepr.raJrbHorl ryllrrypu o6Hapyxe,Hbr orfiep]roAa giHeoJlr.rra (rn,o,cne4nRR rperr IV rbrrcfqererus AoH. g.), I-rspari.rrbcKo-uyreficro,ro repuio4a (VII n. ao H. s.) e

rr pHMcKono EpeMe,Hr.r.,llausrsu'xu pHMcKoFo nepr4oAa Aarr{pytorcs KaK caMr.r

nc ce6e, TaK u 6nanoAapq lnyna Hair4e{IHbIM MorHeralM, LIEKoropbrx oAHa-or 3-ro (?) roAa Eap.l(6x661, a Apy-rat-qeKarH'a Tupa or 127 l8 r. n. e. B neuepe ne o6na-pyxeHo nI,rcb'MeHHbIX naMgTiHtrKo,B, ,HeT TaKXe HH CKeJre-T1oB, Ht4 6oJI€€ rilrll Merree IIeHHbrx npeAMero'g. flo ttpa'B-AonoAo6sonny npeArroJroxeHr.rb H. AeprraAa, 6orarrie usHarHbre xnrer'rn 3ftu-feau 3apaHee rroAforo,BuJll ce6earo y6exnule H, LIlMeff ganac BoAbI H 1I,I1IH, orcr.rAeJll{cb B

HeM B caMoe rpeBox$roe BpeMs. Korla onacnocrb Mr.ffro-BaJIa, OHLi flO,Klt,HyJrr{ neuepy v, t7o-.BI4Er4MoMy, SaxtBaTwJ[lt

_ s 14. Axapoul.r npeAnonoxr{Jr, qro B erofi ueuepe Mor cKpbrBarbctAaBUA Bo BpeMfl cBoero 6encrga or Cay,na l,l qro 3[ecb pa3brrpaJlacb raApaMaruqeckan cvryatryI, o xoropo* KpacoqHo paccxa3brBaercg. s 24 rlr.a-Be I KHHrr{ LaMyHra (Aaeul co cBor{Mu nroAbMr.r cKpbrBaercfl s oAHofiI.{3 neuep B oxpecruocrrx Srln-fean. flpecle4oearmuh D,aanI'a,Cayl nocroefi uyxge oAHH BorxeJr B ary neuepy, He 3Hafl, qro raM ero Bpar..{anu4 ne,ruxoayrrruo ne y6rnaer CayiA, a .irurxb orpesaer xpafi'erooAex<Abt, rrro tBJlgerct 3aMegHTe.rIbHbIM MafIlqecKI.rM AeftcreoM, tf3Becr-HbrM B HayKe ttoA Ha3BaHr.reM (qacrb BMecro ueaoro>). H. Agr.rnar or-Bepfaer npeAnoJrox<eHue H. Axaponn, a6o n neuepe Her HH o.lHofo cBn-aereJlbcrBa apxeonornqecKoro tteptloAa )l(e;leaa L H 4eilcrnnreJrbHo,lpeAnonolxeHue H. Axaponu He Mo)Ker 6nrt urqeu no4xpen;reno. O,q-HaKo_paccKa3 rnarx Cauyrna noKa3brBaer, rrro [eurepbr B oKpecrgocTrx3fin-fean [3AaBHa clyxir.rnn y6exurueu 4.nr cxpuaanunxca or npe.cflenoBaHrc .rroaefi.

62

c co6ofi 6rr,B,mne c i{lr,i,tu Hau6onee ue'lthue gentrrr n Aory-MC:HTbI.

Ileuqepa rcnada, HaxoAqrqaaca o paftoue H6xa.n-Mr.rlr-mdp, o,6uapyx(eH,Haq apxeono,rfl'qe'cxoft gKcrreAr.rqueft Axa-poHH B 1953-1955 r'r.,6brna e 1960-1961 rr. o6,crr€Ao-BarHa apxeoJr,ornqecKr..r,M orpsAoM C so rraBe c fl. Eap-AAo.uou. fleurepa raxoAlrrcs B r{pyro crycKaroqeirrcs HaAfiponacrblo cr(a,[e. Bxo4 orxpbl,Baercr s 50 n or Bep[n-Hbr cKaJrbr. B Hacroquee BpeMs nponuKnyrb B neulepylr,ox{Ho roJIbKo cnyc:Kaflcb cBepxy Ha KaHare. llo-g,nAl,uvto-My, B rpe'B.Ho,crlr, Aocryfl ,B neuepy 6u,r 6olee JIenKla,M, Tar{xax o6uarpyxeHbl c"'re,u,bl BbIBer,peHHbIx BpeMeHeru rponx-nox. H,o, KaK usBecrno, {Her xy.qa 6ee no.6pa. Beponrrno,'roJruKo Hs-sa rpai:riHe rpyAHoro ao,cryna B neqepy ee Mu-Ho,BaJrH rafrnne KJraaor.rrcKare.nH. Onacnuft cnycx B nellle-py, yAyunngHrl sanax lr croftrxoe o6;ra,xo nbtJri{,, xpaftue3aTpy!,HqiB'IUIi€,;lbIXSrH]le, He CJIOIMHJII.i 3HT]'3]la3Ma tUIeHO,B

3KcrreAuur{,l,t. Pa6orrr B reqerHlre nepnoft HeLeJrH noqrh He

AaJrr,r pegyJrbraroB, renr He IueHee ro6p,ouo.nuuIJ orKa3a-JILlcb OT npoAnOxerHUOii l.tltt CMeHbl.

Oqeng MeIIIaJrr.r pa6'ore orpoMt{ble r;lu,6u KaMHn Ha no-Jiy or o6sarr.r,emefocq eqe B ApeBHocrn [oroJIKa. Bspu-Barb !r,x 6uno o,na,cuo. O6n{uu[ ycHrI.IqMLI qJIeHoB sKcne-

^14r\nn eru' uu,6u 6unH nu6,po[reHbr B nponacrb. B nepx-

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nuuleBbre ocrarmr{: opexu u Qpyxru, rpaHarbl, Qurnu'rn,MacJrllHbr, Ko,crl{ xInBorrIIbIx, 3eprHa gJIaKo,B. 3Aecr xe 6u-nr sa&Aegu crynxl!, xepnoBa, neqt. fIucnMeH'HbIe naMtT-HvKr.r npeAcraBJIeI{bI AByMs na;nupycHblMIi $panueHrauu

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63

lrTpan6ona,hnufi not c Spa,rMeHTaMu KepaN,rU,recroft itd.cyAuI I B. H. 3. Apxeoa,or Eap-Aaos Bbr'cKa3brBaer rrpeAno-JloN{eHr.re, qro neuepa cJry}Kur'ra y6ex<aule,u raKxe AJrt6errelrcs, cnacaB[rr4xcfi or npecneAosaHuft no npeuR nofi-pu 66-73 rr.

'fIoA gruuu n,o,la,Mlr, ua r"uy6uue or oAHoro Ao AByx

r\rerpoB, 6lrn o6Hapyx{eH 3aeo,'ruruqeoxtrir cnofi ro,rtu1nuoiie 70-80 c.iw, \To oBItAereJIbcrBlrer o A,'lttTe,'IbHocrl{ npe-6Hea,HI.rg 3Aecb 3HeoJlLITL.IqecKoro qero,BeKa. Hari,nerHxuenpeAMerbl cxoAnbt c lra,]rflTHr,rKaMr{ 3neo,'rurHuecrxoii xy.nr,-rypur Eeep-IIIesH (flanecrr,ua) ra Tc,refi,rar-Xaccyn (3au-opaaHre) Har{aJra rsrpuoAa PaHHeft 6p,o'Hsu (lV-lII ru-cruenerun). 3Aecl 6unu o6napylr{eHbr: rJrr.rHnHbre cocyAbt,ocrarKH xoJt'cra, co,[oNteHHbrx H31eut r.tri, Kop3H:H, caH,u,an;lit(noAoutrnu u pe,u,Htr), KycKH KepaItHr{ecKofr .noxxrr, cxoil-noit u c uafiAeusofi ,s TeJefi"rar-Xa,ccy.n;,Ko,crrrHbre ulrJrbs,cepbfn, Mera,rIJrLIqecKag 6,pourr, xe3.rtbr. Ha pa,ccroqHHIr30-40 cnt oAuH or Apyforo Haxo;tr{r'rr4cb ,t'Ba oqara. B6.ilrl-3H oqatoB HaftAeuu ABa cKeJIera I{ ocrarKll pa3JII.trqHbIxKyabrypHbrx pacrenuft, B:KJloqas ue,o6yr.neuHbre KoJr'ocbRnlleHHUbl I{ gtlMeHfl, COX,paHIITBIIIXeCfl B CyXOM KJI.LIMaTeneqepbl. 3ra nepnaq HaxoAKa Apenuerirurzx ueo6yuen-rlbrx gJraKo,BbIx pacrerHnft rzueer 6olturoe 3'HaqeHue ArflI4CTOpII[ 3eMJIeAe,II,It B Ape|B;HOCTU.

'OAna,xo Ha38arHrre <fleue,pa KJraAa>> Bo3HLIlK,rro 6aaro-Aatpt HaxoAKe corBepneH,Ho oco6oro poaa. Ha Bocb'MoftAe,Hb pa'cKo,noK yqacrHr.rKr{ gr{cne!,i.rJ.l}ru HaTKHyJrHcb Ha6onruroft KaMerHb, npr.rKpbt,Ba,Burufi e,cre,cr'Be'.HHylo HHtxy B

creHe. I(pag r<arr,run 6amu o6urr,r, ir npu [cKyccrBeHHoMOCBeIqeHI'Ia, CK'BOgb UIe,II.r BL'IAHeJIlrcb MeTaJLIInqeCKHe IIpeA-Merbr. Tp,u va'ca Ar'Ir4Jracb BbreMrKa r.r3 Hliult o,Ka3aBullrxcflrarr,r 429 npeAMeroB- 13 l.ts Hrax 6u,ru ]r3Ae,quflMu rr3 re-I\tarr.r'ra (6) , c,rouonoft rocru (6) u xanarns (l). Ocranriuue416 npearrreroB, B 6'o,tnuu r,clse MeraJIJrHqe,cKlr,e,-nopa-sHTeJIbHo Bbrrcoxor:r rexlrnrKu r.r3roro,BilerHng,. l'Is gnx o6pa-Iqarcr sa ce6s BrHr{Marn,ue oKo.,'ro 240 Haaepuruilt 6yiaepasnu,u;Hofi B.eJiuqrrHbr u Qopusr (AucxosH,AHbre, Kpyfd'rbre,Tpeyfo,'rbHbre) -rarono K'o,lrHqecrrBa 6yra,B HuKorLa LI HIt-rAe eue He o6uapyxvBailu. Hs aplnru,x npeAMeroB 3Aecb6u,rlt; 6 HaxoHe.{HI4,Ko,B crpe,1 i.t3 Kpac,Horo xeJIe3,HgKa,oKo,ro 20 ueAurrx rorn'opoB u aoJr'or, 8 xegnoe (noJrbrx rr

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64

BoJIbI, Kogbl, opJrbl). ,(a.nee MoJIo,rKH,, rroprrlKr.I, ,{(em.cKHecraryarKfi, uKarynKa H apyrue npeaMerbl r{g cnouosofiKOCTlt. .r/VlHorHe rnpeAMeTbr GIe,IIOHg.r\Horo IIa3HaqeHrlfl, atPysruun Ao cr.rx nop Hr.rxofAa He 6urn o6Hapyxeuor uus flanecrux{e, H}r B iaxou 6u ro nn 6u.no ApyroM Mecre.

,Hafi.u,eHsorfi gHeoJrr.rruqocrinft x.naA craBur nepeA Hay_\9ft prl, BonpocoB: xe_u--6unu co3AaHbr erx npea"eroi?(aKoBo rtx Ha3Haqenue? Kax r{Mr.r nonb3onanucr?' r{ro ea.craBHJIo co6crs.e,HHrjKoB <<KJraAa> cnrpflTarb ero B Hr.Iueneqepbr r.r rrro noMeuraJro r.r3BJre,qb erc orryAa? r{ro npn,BeJro K s'Hegan:HoiI rH6elu croJtb pa3Bnrbtx 9,HeorI{TUr{e{CKHX rrocenesuri? Apxeo.nor Eap-AAox, BbrcKasaBuuit to-raAKy o cBr3r.r STLrx npeAMeTOB C OAHI{M H3 3,H€,OJrr,rTHq€,CKII|X cBrrr.rnH[I pafiOHal0, O6eqaer nOApO6UO paCCMO-Tperb Bce 3Tr.r Bonp)cbr B oKoHr{aTeIbHo,M UgLaHuu, HaxoaoKas lleulepbr KJtaAa. HaAo Haaeflrbcfl, qro u3yqeHlre sroro<KJIaAa> nOMOXeT Jryque nOHgTb 9KOHOMUqeCKyK) U CO.utraJrbHylo o.p_raHr{3aqI{to SHeorl.rTr.IqecKax noce.tte,H}rft stlarecruHe lV rblcrqenerr.rrl, cBn3b c npoH3BcAcrBoM Erun_Ta, KaBKa3a, Llpaua, Cupwu, Meconorauun, ManofiAsHH.a TaKlKe peJrlr,fHo3Ho.Mr.rsonoruqEcKHe H Marr,rqecKne npe4_craBneHr4q gneoJrr4ruqecKoro r{eroBexa grofo paftoHa u eror(ynbrypy.

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-Kperocrrr

Maca4u) o6Hapyxu.nacb ra )Ke 3aKoHoMepHocrb: B netue-PAX, IAE COXPAHHNI,I'Cb NPCAMCTbI PI.IMCKOIO BPCMCHI,I,, KAKnpaBriJlo, o6napyxr.rnarorcfl TaKxe cJreAbr o6nragrq aHeo-JrHruuecKoro qeroBeKa. flpeanapHreJrbHbre o6creAosaHr.rs50-x rolos noKa3aJrra, qro. B nerqepax 3Tol.o ,pai.roHa HauIJrlry6exuule or,u,eJrbHbre rpynnbr floBrcrflsqss Ha nocrleaHeMgTane B,occraHuq. B neutepax Haxoasrcq MoHerbr r,rM[epa.ropa TpanHa u Eap-Kox6u, o6purnxn ranHpyc,Hbrx AoKy-MeHTOB H BeIIIrr pH,rt{cKO,rO BpeMeHr.r. O6paUfaror Ha ce6qBHHMaHr.re safiAessue e oaHofr neuepe I I xeresuHx Ha_KoHeqHHKoB crpen t.t-,pe,(Kocrb B apxeo,rorrqecxofi ltpaK-TI'lKe-MHOXeCTBO Ap€,BK_OB K HLIM, BbrKparxeHHbrX B KpaC-ttuft *r uepHuir rlBera. 3aruansue B Henplrcrynubre A"nflBpara nelqepbI, noBcTaIIIlbI, nO-lBLIAr.tMOMy, LI 3AeCb HenpeKparqanr 6opt6u.

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5 6. ,Il. exycrr

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65

tlerupe paM'cKI'Ix cropoxeB'bIx yxpetrtneH'rs 6noKfi:po-BaJrr.{ Bx,oa r.r BbIxoA Hs 3rI'IX neuep. OAsaxo cy'al6a cKpbl'BaBlxHXCfl B pa3rHblx neuepax c.noxl',IJlacb' no-BI{AI'IMOM^yr

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lie'pax o6peN,ru cKpblBaBuIHxctl B HHx.ntoaeft Ha Myq4-

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HaN6onuuylo L{3Becruocrb nor'lyq[Jla neuepa' H.a3BaH-

nan fleurepoir yxacoe. 3necl o6napyxeno 6o'ree 40 cxe-JreroB, B ToM qt4cJle xeHI[l4H n Aereit' Ha onHou cKeJlere

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66

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QpariueuraM pyKonr4 cefi. kls AoilrauHHx seueil eAccl 6ur-lra HailAe,Hu: KopglaHbr, BepeBKr.r (HeKo,To.pbre r4g Htrx o,cra-Jrr4cb rrplr,BffsaHHblMr.r K pyqKaM cocy4oa), npflcJrHUa pa3-,ruqnoft BeJII,IqHiHbI; naJIKI,t, urpaJlbHbre Szuxlt, qacrLI [IKa-TyJIoK c x(eJIe3HbrMH KpIoqKaMH no 6oKau, xparHffxlr.te ra,K-xe creAbr roHKHx noJroc Koxtr, AepeBrIHHbIe rpe6Hx, cey6uaur.r paeauvn,oft roJrulxHbr; MHoroqucJreHHbre oCrarrruroxaHoft o6ynu, BKnroqaff xoipouo cox;paHlrB,rrtyrccr napyAetcxori o6ynN; ocrarKu cerer? n rKa,Herl; Qparue*r,rsi crex-NqHHOft NOCYAbI; >KCJIC3HbIe BeITII4: HaKoHeI{HHiKH CTpeJI,Hox, Tonop, HrutbI paslrurllofi ToJlIIIHHbr, r.BogAr{, luHJtbg;n[IIIeBbre ocrarKu (3epHa sqMeHfl, Bbreoxru,ue $urn u xo-cloqKn Qr.rHraron).

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,Huxaxux cJreAoB noBpexAenVfl, Ha cKeJlerax o6Hapy-xnrb He yAanocb. Aurpono.noruqe'cruir aHaru3 qeperloB H

cKeJreroB rro,Ka3aJr, qro cpeAr.r ttux npeo6.naAaor ocraHI(IIr(eHrrILrH u Aerefi. Kax noraraer AxapoHll, 6onru:nHcrBoMyxqnu noru6no [pu nonbrrKax Bbr,.ra3KH ri3 neqep. Oqe-BL|AHO, He x{eJIag CI,aBaTbCfl pt4MJIflHaM )KHBblNrU, OCTaB-ur.recg B nelqepax My)KqH:Hbr I{ qJreHbr r.rx cerrreft npe.I,[oq-JIu cMeprb or foJroAa n )KaxAbr. flo npeAnonoxeuuo fAtt-Ha, ocalKAeHHble Mo.fru npocyu,ecrB'oB3Tb B neuepe oT6 ao 8 HeAeJrb u noru6nu cKopee or xalK.u,bl, He)Ke,'ut orroJroAa.'CneAu 6,onrur,oro nox<apa, B pe3ynbrare Koropofo6orluaq qacrb Beuleri o6yr.nu,racb, a creK,ro AeQ,opMr.rpo.BaJOCb, rOBOpflT, BO3MOXHO, O mM, qTO B nOC"'reAHue MI,I-Hyrbl elue ocraBur.{ecr B }Kr.{Bbrx 6er.reuu noAo.>xrnrl BceBeIqH,, qro6u oHr.r He AocraJrHcb pHMJIflHaM. Bce, rcpoue,KoHeqrno, 6u6lericrux xuur. Oxu 6ulu cnpnranbr rroAaJrb-Iue or ornfl, Ir re Qparrt,teH'Tbr, Koropbre noilraAXJIo Bpe-Mt, .Iocrarr.rcb BHarraJte 6e.u,yuHau, a 3areM apxeoJroraM.Tax, Hafiaensue Qparueuru rpeqecKono reKcra KHrirHAeeHa.quarrt npopoxoB oKa3aJrHcb qacrbro roro ]Ke AoKy-MeHra, xoropufi onl6.nuxonan unefiuapcxufi yuenufi Eap-TeJreMr.r n 1953 r. Cra.no coBepue,HHo qcHo, qro aoKyMeH-TbI, o K'oropux coo6uraJlocb B rreqaru, B r{acrHocru TeM xeEapre,reuu, qro OHLI <<rt3 HeycraHoBr'tenHblx Me,cr Haxo-N(AeHr.rq>, HMer,or ,onpeAeJeHHufi aApec: lleqepa yxacoBa lleutepa rruceM.

Ileu4epa nuceil. Kax cefiaereJrbcrByer yrBepAaBrueecnga grorl gsaueuurofi Tenepb neurepoft Ha3BaHr4e, e Hefio6xapyxeH,o 6,oraroe,co6paHue pyKonHcHbrx aoxyMeHroBnepnoAa BoccraHr4rr, B ?oM qHcfle lrucbMa Eap-Kox6u.I-Iepeue ?pXeonofHrrrecKr.re pa3Be,u,KH erori neulepu 6u.trnnpou3BeAeHbl apxeonorou Id. Axapoun s 1953, 1955 r sSrHBrrp€ 1960 r. K coxa.nenilro, oHa rrpl.tBJreKJra raKxe BHI,I.M a H Ite KJr aAor.r,cKare,'I eil, o,cra B,r,IB rrl ux 3Aecb c,T eAbr cBoetoaoceueHur. 06 eronr cBHAereJIbcrByer BH.IL cBe)KHx u 6ec-flopcAoqno npor,rstseAernHbrx pacKonor, o6poneuHbre orpbla.

68

xu nanupy,ca, r,rg.rlaHrnoro CrapICH B 1954 r. roA 3HaKo.MbrM yxe HaM rpr4q'oM <H3 HeyCTaHOBJIeHIIbIX MeCT HaXO-

x<AeHHs>, H Apyrr4e aHaJIofllqHble Qaxrsl. CNcreuarrqe,cxoe o6c.ne/I.oBaHHe neurepbl npoLI3BeAeHo B ABe pacKo.norrHbre Karnarvfi 1960 u l96l rr. qerBeprblM orpgAoM(D) o6rearseHsofi apxeonorxqecroft 3KcreArlrru Bo ula-se c 14. flAu'nou. B paftoxe, orBe.u.eunoM u€rBeproM! orrprAy, Ha nporsxeHfiH oKono 8 rcn o6cneAoBaHo 15 ne-ufe'p. B HeKoropblx H3 Hl.Ix o6uapyxeiubl naMrrHI'IKI'I 3Heo-

ilHTA H TI]ITb HE3HAqUTENbHbIC CJIEAbI NA,MSTHI.IKOB PHMTCKOTO BDCMEHI,I.

3ru - nepnsre o6cne.u,o,Barvs norpe6ona.nH Koroccarb'

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-^-Pl:o.,"-_lgrrr.py Haxoaurcq s l@ M Hu>xe pr.rM,cxoron8repff. mecTarMr.r cnycK ornecHr,rfi, KaK cTeHa. B 'l I r nn_)Ke neu{epbr - ysrKas ecTecTBe,HtI{as Teppaca, ltoA KOTODOfipasBepsa.eTcs rporacrb r.ny6uHofi o,r<b.no 200 u. Elrn-craeHHbIft Aocryfl x nerUepe ceritrac H, no-Br.rAriMo,My, BApeBIIOCTI{ -,c

ganaAa, Or pr{McKOnO Jrarepg no ySi<Oft,sueeBil{rnuoft rpon'r.rHKe x uaioAsulefi,cq noA ilerrrepori r"p-pace. Bocnoumranr.rfl o cnycKe H Bocxoxreuuu no srofirporlKe' rn]rpnHa ror,orpoli Me,craMr-r He fipeBbrlx ae.t 40 cn,Blil3b[BaroT jlApoxr> Aaxe y raKor.o rrcKyrxeH,Horo apxeo_.[ora, KaK g..4un. Bor ra,x oH onr.{cblBaer ganuueftnuf,r ne_pexoA: <Han,6o.nee rpy.uurrft a onaclrur?

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70

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.U,nR Eo3nusPrrft) Ha pr{MCKr{X xe,pTBeHHr.rKax (ara) r{ Apy-rlre napanJrenil. nopax{aeT cxoltcTBo Hafi.LeHrrrbrX IIp€,zt,M€.TOB C npHBJleqeHHbnUK fl,U,r.tHOM aHaJlOIsqHbrMl,I npeAMeTa*MH H3 flounefi l,t fepKynaHyMa. Ornilqaror r.rx ronbKo npe-KpacHafl coxpa.HHocTb, oTcyTcTBae Her.r36ex(Horo HzJr€T8,cToneTr.rft - naTLrHbr. cos.uaercg BnerraTreHue, roBopHT9.nun, qro oHLI ToJrb-Ko qro cr,oAa iloJroxeHbl, HacroJlbKo!XOPOlxTA OHI.I COXPAHI,IJIHCb. KAT ETN P14MCKI,]C NPI{HAAJIC:K-HOCTH KynbTa nonaJIH B neu,epy, f.Ue CKpbIBaJII'lCb nOBCTaII'"

uu 6ap-Kox6u? fIo npan.u,ono.u,o6soMy npeAnoJIolKeHI'Iioflruua, grr.r npeAMerbl Mof,rl,t 6srrr saxsaqeHbl B KaqecrBerpo$een Bo BpeMrI npe,u,[JecrBytor]r4x crblqeK I{JILI Aa)Keraxoft -;ru 6o y,cn erunori BbtJr a 3KH fi 3 n eurepbl

fIouu,tulo norpe6a.nruofi Hul[]r, MoHer H KoJIJIeKUI{r6ponsonux cocyAoB B pacKo,noqHuft ceson 1960 r. 6u.nac,u,eJra,Ha raKxe caMafl UeHHafl HaXO.U,Ka - l6 nannpycoBc rnr;r'cbMaMu 6ap-KOx6u u ApyrHMLl BaxHbI;MH lloKyMeH-raMr.r nepro.{a BoccraHun (puc. l4). B l96l r. no?IcKH LI pac-KONKII ]flPI'IBEJII,I K ClIlC 6O.NCC 3HAqHTCflbHbIM OTKPbITA'IM.B peay;rrrare rlrl,areJIbHofo H cgcreMarllsecKofo o6c,reAosa-HHrr Kax.u,oro yroJIKa, Kaxnoro caHT[MeTpa [oJIa Bo MHOTHX

Mecrax, B flM,Kax lr ecrecrBeHHblx yueJlbnx n yr.ny6JleHlasxrnpLrKpbrrblx KaMHttMH, 6ulo o6gapyxeHo Muono ue'HubtxI{ r{HT€p€C'HbIX naMSTHLIKOB MaTepua.nunofi ftynbrypbl Ir ellle48 gonyueuron.

llpn cucreMarli3aulln ecex HairAermblx npeAMeroB no-Jryqaercs cne.u,ylouas KaprIIHa.

Mera ilJrvqecKH e,n PeA M eTbl: >I(eJle3H3fl CKo',BO-,

pona (Auauerpou 26 cn) c 'MHoroqilcr'IeHHbIMI'l cJIe.u.alII4

caxr LI Konorl{; Hoxu, pe3aKl'l, nepoql{Hnblft ttox H cepn;pa3JI,UqHbte ulEJIbg, fBo3All, cBep,'IO, KprcK (BO3MOXHO' ,U.JIfr

n.cABeruilBaH,Hq unca), HaKoHeqlgHK'I4 crpeJI; cepe6pnHoe'yKpaueHLIe B BI.{Ae KOJIOKOJIbq14Ka, BO3',M'OxHO Cepbf a;6o;luuoft HrHrepec llpeacraBnfler raKxe pe'u.Kafl B apxeo*Jioruqecroit npaKTHKe [Iaxo.u,Ka TKoJIJIeKUHI4 xeJIe3HbIx-

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or Kpeno,crHbtx Bopor 3fiH-fear.CrexrlHHbIe I'I 3,u,eilnfl-qamn' 6yrunxn, KyB-

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KepaMr4Ka 14 t43AeJrHfl, rrs KaMHs. Jluu-rt se-MHO['O qepeflKoB 3HeoJlr.rTr4qecKoro BpeMeHr.r cBr{AeTeJIb-crBylor o noceJteHlru rr B aroli nenlepe qefloBeKa Meano-KaMeHHOTTO eexa. or [ep]4oAa Eap-Kox6u AolxJro MHoro.liyxoHHori H apynorl yrBapn: AecflTKr.r KyxoHHbrx roprrrKoB,'ltaMnbI, KyBixr.lHbr, cocyAbr pa3Hbrx pa3MepoB n nnQo:ul.JqHrbl'Bas ocooyrc rpyAHocrb AocraBKr4 B 3Ty neuepy nu_'$ocoe, HaAo,noJrafarb, qr'o onr{ npeAHagflaqaJrHcb AnflxpaHenr{fl BoAbr. 3epuo, MyKa H Apyrfie npoAyxru xpaur{-.Jtncb, no-BraAr{MoMy, B _cocyAax cpeA,Hero pasrrrepa.,[lnaa.le6acrponbrx cocyAa 6unu eM,Kocrbro B 0,5'b u O,qg .4.

lng4efivfl Hg .qepeBa lr Kocrl.r. Cro4a ornocsrcfl-AepeBrHHaff nocyAa, ilrKaTynKa r{ napr{br AJrfl xpaHeHr.Isyxpauennft H Apafoue,Hnocreft, rpe6Hu u parcuecKu, 6aHoq-fa Mfl^napQmuepun, pasJr[qHbre qacrn cyHIIxo,B H Me_.oerH. PeAKafl Ans fIa.necrlt,Hbr, Aa u !.ns-e,ceri pilrucroft.fi,Mnepr{H, HaxoAKa AepeBrHHbrx nsAenwft xoporueft co_xpaunocrn r{ ToqrHo AarupyeMbrx npeAcraBJrfler 6o.nrnofilrHTepec Ans r.rcropr{r{ cToJrspHofo npor{3BoAcrBa.

KoxaHbre HgAe.nr.ra: Qyrnflpbr r{ cyMKr.r AJrr xpa_tfleHufl AoKyMeHToB, HO)KHbr, Mexa, KycKH OAeX(Abr, caHAa-.auN (x.eucxue, MyxcKHe H lercrr.re). Haxo4ra nb*u"iixflsAerxrt-TaKxe peAKoe gBJl€Hr.r€ B apxeonofr.ru. flosro_My BCe 3Tlr Belqr4 BecbMa r{HTepecHbr Anfl n3yqeHHs TexHo-JrorI{H Kox<e,BeqtHoro npougBoAcrBa H 4y6neunfl, a raK)KeTexnr.rKu canoxnoro peMecna. O6pauaer ua ce6s BHHMa_.HI{e ro, qro Bcfl HaftAerHnas o6yes H3roroBJreHa paHrroBbrMrrrnTbeM r.r Her Hr{ oA,Hoft napu o6yelr, no46uroft ieoeAsrufl.flo uHrepecHo,My npeAnoJlox(enirc

' f-/:nua, ,ro-nfr*.,

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a4

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JbHflHbrM TKaHr,M pa3Jl HqHbtx pactlBeroK, cnoco6o,e npg-,u,eHr.tn r{ rKaqecrBa. 3rr,ecs 6unu Haft-leHbl MorKl.l uepcrfl-Hbrx r4 JrbHflHbrx HI4ToK, noqrtl uerafl py6axa, ocrarKLr Ty't{r.rK. rnMaTrieB, ,HaKHAOK (B rOIll tlHC.ne THna yrloTpe6nqe-Mbrx H B Hacronuree BpeMn npu 6oroc,ry)KeHI'Iu <<Tar,lI'lror>>,

rio 6es <<quur4ftor> (xucrover), Hait.u,eHHbtx, oAHaKo, or-ge.nrHo), nrarKLt, noKpbrBara, MeITKLI, ceru. Hexoropsle,ug rxa,uefi fio cBot4M pacuBerKaM u oco6enHocrtlM TKaqe-crBa o6Hapyxuearcr cxoAcr'Bo c uso6paxeHl{eM oAexAaa Specxax- cumaroru "s Aypu-EB,ponoc (IlI e. H. 3-).Becs aror 6oraruli MarepLIaJI, croJlb peaxuft B apxeo'Jlo'r,nqecxoft npaKTI{Ke, hMeer He,o[eHI'IMoe 3rHaqeHI'Ie Anq lr3y-,qeHHq l.{'cro p I{I4 TeKCTI4JI bHoro II poI'l3',BoAcTB a.

fI .nereHbte LI 3AerHfl-raKr(e pe,u,KI'Ie HaxoIl'KI'I B

€pxeororuqecxo'ir npaKruKe - npe!,craBfleHbl KopSuHaME'poroxaMl't, III4HoBKaMH u BepeBKaMu'. Eonuuoe KoJII{qe-

€TBo Kop3LI'H (a Lrx saftneruut .uecnrrn) o6oscsselcfl, lto-B}IAIIM.OMY, TCM' qTO B HI,IX AOCTABI,IJII{ B TICuICPY PA3T[q.rrble Bel[u, cocy.tlbt u npo.{,yKrbl. B Aalrrneftureu oHI'I I4'c-

noJrb3oBaJIucb I.I JlJtfl xpaHe'HHt qepenoB. Hexoropue ns

x(op3r,IH Lt UI.IHOBOK IIaCTOJIbKO XOpolxo coxpaHsnI',ICb' qTo

I(ax(yTcgcoBeprLeHHoHoBblMI,I'ToJIbKoqToCjleJIaHHbIMIl'KopsuHH pas,nuurHofi Sopuu: KpyrJlble' oBaflbilble I'I yAxl{-fieHHbre (rpaneuuenu4Hrre), cnJlereHnble B ocHoBHoM Ltg

nanl"o"otx sereeft u peqHoro rpocrlHI'IKa. OAHa Hreosag

,r(op3r.,tHa ux.L'I14HApxqecrofi Sopult Bblllerserel cpenu Apy-

fux ueo6ttqafiHo .cttrvllr,leTptIqHbIM, IvIOxHo AalKe cKa3aTb -xyroxecrBerH,HbtM nJIereHI'leM- Kor.u,a tpororpa$nro sroflKOp3uHbl IIoKaSaJIIt onHoMy I'I3 ryqunx MacrepoB-cneu[a'JII,I'CTOB I'IBOB,OFO II.[eTeIIH.fl e ATUTJIUH, OH npHIUeJI B BOCTOp|

I,r BCcxJrLlKHy,r: <<HaAerc'cb, MlHe HUKTo He 3aKaxer Kop3I'I-

Hy cTod'Ib TpyAHOTO n,rereHtlg!>" llpeAtra-eru yKpalrIeHI'lq. Buue y'noMsuyrbl JIap-

rlbt xy,q,orKecrseHuoft BblaeJIKI'I AJIr xpaHEHI'Is Aparotle'HHo-creft."O"/r.no"o or JIapuoB 6unu sait,u,emu 1B pa3'HouBer-

uux 6yc I.I3 noJIyApafoueHHbIX xauuefi (rnap{, arar.' aMe-

rr.{.cr, capAcHHK H cHHee crerno). B orsepcruno'n'noit ame-

""a"b"o* 6ycHuu coxpaHllJll.tcb cJIeAbI HI'ToK' <Xesqnsa -

BcerAaxeHllll4Ha>>,-cKa3aJIOIlllilI't3qaeHo'BoTpflAa'Ko-r1,a vtg rafiHuxa 6u.nu eunyrbl ABa 3epKaJIa' cAeJIaHHbIe

as ur.n'usonansofr MeAI'I' floKpltroir cnoeu oJIoBa' SepKafla

75

BCTa'BreHbr B ABoit[rhre leperBfiHHbre QyTIspbr xopourefi BbI*AeJrKn ('npr4 noMotun roKapnoro cra[rKa u pesua).

iO'CTaeTCs eue yKa3aTb Ha ,4Ba OTTHCKa neqaTu Ha rIH,.se. Ha o.u,HoM l.rso6paxeu rycroBonocHft qerose*,-Oapr_qnftct co crosulu,M Ha 3a.u,Hux .lanax Jrb,BoM. Xoiq gioro6pas Ao,craroqr{o qacro Bcrperraercq Ha neqargx r.r reM-,Max fpeK,o-plrMcKofo BpeMeHr.r (aeclua pacnpocrpa,HeH,Earpt,lMep, o6pas fepry.neca, 6oprculero,cs c Heueficxr.ru,nbBo.Mr, no-BLI/U,rMOMy, cltpaBe"4JrnBo [peanonoxenue IAN-Ha, gro B AaHHoM cnyqae cJrer,)'er

-uckars BocroqHbre

LrcroqHr.rKlr (lunrraueur, CaMcoH, a,ccupufi,cxtte uapu).Kax 6ur ro H.H 6lr.no, cIlMBoJrHKa arofi neqarr{ B€,cbMa no_KasareJlbHa. K r.ilrHn,Hortly orrrrcKy npuKpenJreH KoHeqBepeB,KI,I. Ha zeo6paxeHnn Apyrof,o orrrr,cKa, K KoropoMyTaKlKe npI'lJ{penJlerHa BepeBKa, LrcnoJrb3oBz,HbI MoTHnui pa.crzTenbHono MLIpa,'Bo3Mo)KHo, rraJlbMoBar,BerBb (.rry.rris)}T MHDT.

TaxoaH ss[Itr_r o6uapyx<euubre B HcKyccrBefigsrx raft-I{r.rKax neqepbr. Bce gra npeAMerbl ao scerl cnoeft coso_KynHO,CrtI, B aHrypaxie Tervrqbrx I{ AyrxHblx nOueuleuuilrpyAn_oAocrynuofi neurepbl, Aaror xtsoe npeAcraBreHr.reo6 o6craHoexe nocne,u,HHx A,Heft xtzsH].r cxpbrBaBrrJHXc,rairr arc.aeri. 9ru 6er.neulr, Ha.( KoropbrM,r{ npocrepnacbrenr Hel,ls6exxoft ru6elr or )Kax(Abr .H nono,4a, He repqrrTeM He Me,Hee Ha,u,exlbl Ha xr.r3Hb, IIO He XeJrarTr ee co_xpaHurb uesofi Kan.lrryJrsrla,s nepeA o,caxAaBrxlrrMu rr€rq€-py pHMCKT{Mr.r coJlAaTaMH.

Koraa pa6ora gKcneAr.rut.tu yBeu.qanacb cronb 6lecrg_II{Hrvru pe3ynbraraMfi, ee yqacTH[KaM np,fi[rJrocb pa3pe.#:l:.lly11y_y :aAaqy no sBaKyauHr.r HaxoAoK Ns neurepsr.tleHHbre Be[lu, B ToM tr,]tcJre xpynxufi crex.nsHHurl cepBr.t3,Hyxffio 6u.no yuocnrb, cnycKaqcb HaA rrponacrbr,o no B€-peBoqHoft JrecrHlrrle, xapa6xancl no ysrbfi ,pon*"*a or_secHoft cKaJrbI.

. Teu He MeHee Bce BbrHeceu,Hbre Ir3 fle]ruepbr npeAMerbr6u.n n 6n a rolonyr{Ho Aocra BJr eftrbr " I,i.pyaurr{MCKnfr uyscriN{ CTAJIH ,4OCTOqHI.IC.M HAVKI,I.

B cnoeu nepBoM $yHaaueuraJrbrroM HccneAoBaHHH Be.trrelt r,r3 lleuepbr nrceM 9.tuu noxa3ar 6,ortrxoe snaue""eAaHHbrx raJrMy.[Hqecroft rpaauurrr4, coxpaHHsureft onuca*Ht{e MHorux npe,u,MeroB o6uxoAa ra opyaufi. B pqae cny.qa,eB 9Tt{ ofrvcat]fly,f, noMoraIoT JyrIUe loHflTb Ha3HatleHr{eIr xapaKrep nafiAesuux Berrleft. B ceolo oqepeAb KoxrKper*76

gble npeAMeTbl nplIAaIOT OTIuCanI,ItM xI{ByIo nfloTb xKpoBb. BsauluoAefi,crBfie 3TI,Ix AByx suAoB ltcroqnn'KoB cno'cil6crsyer nro.tl,orBopHoMy peueHLIio MHorHx npo6neM.

AOKyMEHTbI nELqEPbl nHcEM

'3a ABa ce3orH'a pacKonoK 1960 l,r 196l rr. 6u.ttt't o6xa-pyxeHbl 64 4or<yueira (,3 1960 r.- 16; s 196l r.-48) ua

enpeftcxotrt, apauefrcxotvt, ua6aneftcKoM I'l fpeqecKoM s3bl-xax. Vnorpe6nem'ue oTt,tx g3bIKorB B Aeroeoft lt€rp€nI{cK€.O.U,HI{X H TCX )KC JI14II CBI.IACTCNbCTBYCT O COCYUICCTBOBAHUH

{ax B noBceAHeeHoft )KI'I3HI"I. .lloryueuru 3TLI eue He I'I3Aa-

fibr, sa HcKJIIoT{eHLIeM ony6nI,troeaHHono npo0. E. '[uQ-IxHueM o.r,Horo nl{cbMa bap-Kox6u Ha rpeqecKoM s3blKe;

coAepxan'I{e Hx B o6ulfix qeprax u3BelcrHo I'I3 npeABapl{-,.rono,* coo6qenufi 6y,ayurrlx nepnousAare.neft: 9.rulna(noxyuenru ua espeficxotrl, arpaueficKoM I{ ua6areitcr'otrl)'nonou*oto u JluSruuua (Aoryrueurbl Ha rpeuecxou)'

B grllx npeABapIrreJIbHbIx coo6uleHfiqx JIHII]b Hel{oro-pue ne6o.nbnIle AoKyMeHrbI npoql'rrnpoBaubl noJlHocrblo'bn" Aaot flrpKo€ npeAcraBnenlle o 'ueng6exnltx rpyr'Ho-crqx, c KoropbrMll cBg3aHa pa6'ota Hag, nucbMaM:I'I I{ 3a[I{-CKaMI'I' rAe COAep)KaTCq peaIHlI-I{ HaMeKI'l' rI]OrHfiTHbIe TOflb'

i(o caMuM KoppecrlouAeHraM. Hanpnuep, o.ll.Ho KoporeHb-

Koe apaMeficxoe nllcbMo Eap-Kox6ut rJIacl,tr: <<l lHcbMo

ix;r6;;-6ap-Kocu6u. Mup. I4oHarauy, csruy Eean' P:"'qro Snuu:a ixaxet Te6e,-'eblno.nnu. EyAr 3AopoB>' 'l'lo'HaraH, cus Eeas (:u,rn Eearua) usne'creH HaM I'I3 Apyrxx;;;t;.;;;t. 3to onl'rH I{3 BoeHaqarlb'H,Kots Kperocrr'r 3ir's'faa", pacnoJloxeu'uoft ua ceBepo-sanaAnor't no6e'pexle.M.pi",ito ,Mopfl, z 6 1<n ceBepHee H6xaJr-X6sep, rAe erorapi"" 6ul uifiaen. Ho rro rarofi 3nnura " ryIol I:p-1-{-1r6p ero nopyqeHl'Iq, pa3yMeercfl, ocraHercfl rnfl Hac ran',noir.----

U" Apyfnx KparKI'Ix n?l'cbMeHHblx pa'cflopsxeuzft bap-(ox6u n

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cpe.u,ll cBq3KI'I ttarupycoB' gafi'u.esHstx e 1960 f'' HMelorcs

:n** #"#:,1, "T, l;:;;3:r';, f:s';11; ffx:r; ;::

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ua sa AepeBe' Ha.fiAen'nue aoIqeqICH q'Brgtorcl qacrfl'Ml{

77

oAHoft Hcrll,tcalrHort AorrIeqKH. KoTopyrc pas|H1rp Ha KVSKH,qro6br yMecnurb B cBq3ry flarupycoB. Mecra .ouar"!H""KycKoB 6nfla ,noMeqeuu oco6oft-merrort_ X H;l;"i;;_Kax coxpaHHnwcb rpr.r nficbma _ pacnopsx{eur.tfl Eap_Kox_6nr. B onHoM H3 H,Hx klouarauy'u Mica6i;;

^";;;";;;_Baercrr xox$ucxonarb nilreHHuy, np14HaAJrex(aruyro HeKoe-nav Taxul'Hv 1ap-VuwMasJrro, L qacrt eroft nruegruo, ao_ct'aBHrb rroa oxpaHoii. B xouIte coaep)KHrcrr vfp03a:<<A ec.nu Bbr raK He c-leraere, 6ylere no!,BeplHyrr,i Haxa-3aHLIlo>. B lpy.orto pacnopr11(eHau 6ap-iio;?i;'t;p0111;;rHzKa3arb BCex )KHTe,tefi Texoa ta, 3aHuMatoulxXCl peMoH_Totll cBoux -lor,roB. HaxoHeu, B Tpcrbetrr pacnoprr)KeHHH or_Aaercq nprixa3 3a, epxarb He Koer.o plenya^ 6ap_Taauo_paHa, oro6pa-rb y Hefo Merr H no-l, oxpaHofi Aocrasurb 3ro_ro q('"roBeKa Eap-Kox6e.

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78

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cKo,Barb Bce LIr,lyu{ecrBo HeKoefo 3,neasapa, cblHa XHr-Tbr, a car\,rofo ero apecToBarb I4 AocraBurl x Eap-Kox,6e<Hel,,re.[.JreHHo, .u,o HacryIIJreHug cy66oru>. vnacrcq J']H Kof-4a-Hu6yar y3,Harb npI{q}rHy cro;'Ib cypoBbIX uep? B xoHr-paKrax Ha apeHAy rz cy6apeuay seMJIH, Hatineusux B

tg0t r., Bcrper{aercfl }tMt S,reasapa, cuHa 3,rea3apa, cbl-Ha Xurrlr. BcaltoxHo, qro 3TH K'oHTpaKTbI rl'otvloryr no-HflTb npHr{uHy KoHQLtcKaql4i{ rLluyurecrBa I{ apecTa 3lea-gapa, cbrua Xurru.

cpearz Haxo.lox l9'61 r. npeo6,rananr aoKyMeHrbj .u,e-

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AOKVMeHTy, AarH,poBaHHoMy <.u,HeM xepBblM' Mecfua ufia-Da rona nepBoro ocso6oxreuvtn Vlspau.'ln [noa pyKoBoAcr.-'eoM IlIltMeblHa 6a p-Kocra6u, KHtl3fl l4spaunn>>' Hexnh

Snrtesep. "u" Cu*y",'Ia, apeHAyer y Xopnaa, cblHa Pluruua-

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BOCCTaHHq. f.ILe OH BbICTynaeT y)Ke KaK rIOKynaTeJ'lb ortJ-

po.u,Horo vqacrKa.' JIrc6onrtrHa cy.u,l6a caMofo .u,oKvMeHra- B croe ape-

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79

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t{epes nonropa rDAa ,prMs O.na:sepa, cu,ra Cauyn.na,cHoBa BcTpeqaercs B HoBbrx ?r :Ha SroT pas sanyra'uHuxcAenKax. B 6o"nlurou AoKyMeHTe, cocrasreHHolt'ig gftH_feAu ua eepeftcxou fl3blKe (nanupyc npex,pacuoft ,coxDaH_HocrH, pa3MepoM 2TXl} cn, Hac\uisreaer 33 crpoxn a 6o-aee 200 cJroB TeKcra), AarupoBaHHoM (AHeM ABaAuarbBocbMbrM, Mecqua Map_xelxBeHa, Tperbero roAa LLIuueo,ga6ap-Kocz6lr, KHrr3q. hzpaunar', saSuxcupoBaHo,cneAyo_u,ee cornaueHHe. 9ernepo apeuaaiopoB, paHee KoJrJreK_

lHBHg. apjHAoeasurx yqacrKr.l seMJrLr y AonxHocrHbrx Jrr{qDap-AOxObl, HblHe AenflT aperHAOBaHHbte 3eMJrr{ Ha ABe r{a-cru. O,l,ny qacrb .cox,pa,Hslor B KoJrJreKT,r,rnuoft apenAe aeaxHByulr4x s 3i{H-l-eaa FpaxaaHr4Ha ropoAa Jlyiur (x so-croKy or Mepreoroûopn), Apy^fyto - ABa,H3BecrHbrx yx(er{aM _fpaxrarura OliH-fear: O.reagap, cbrrfl gneasipa,cuu_ Xurru, a raK)Ke 3.luaaep,,cun Catvryra.rra.

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-no apeHAe gr"aeepy,

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80

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I4Meercq JrH KaKar-Hxdyar cBttsb Me)KAy cAe,lKaMII, B

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apaueficxux IIHceM Eap-Kox6rr. BoxAl BoccraHl'Ifl npeA-rrlrcblBaer .IIocraBllTb e 4eilcreytoulylo apr'llllo JIll\lollbl llnaJrbMoBble BerBH (<<erporltnt>> u <<,lynannlr>>). Cor.nacsoAaBHo Bo3HLIK[reMy HapoAHoMy o6sIuarc, B oceHHLIft ilpasA-Hr{K <<cyKKor>> HapoA, co6upaauruticq ,r xpaMg, AepxaJI B

pyKax naJIbMoBbIe BerBH H rtHMoHbI. I4ocu$ @.nanufi pac-cKa3bIBaeT, KaK oAHalKAbI BO BpeMfl TaKOfO npa3AHecrBaHapoA, co6paHuuricfl B xparve, 3a6pocaJl JIIIMoHaMI4 uapE;AnexcaHap a-fl:r:ras. fla.llMoeas BerBb 6una eu6.rrerltofi\4yleu. Ha nnouerax, Bbinyr{euuux Eap-Kox6ofi, qeKaHI{-

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craBI{JIo IreJIb - [oAHtrb ayx o6peueHHblx tloBcraHuee. llonpeAnoJrolKeHLIro f.Luga, AoKyMeHT cocraB,'leH rIepeAnpagAHIlKoM <<cyKKor>> oceHblo 134 r., 3a Aecqrb M€cfI{€B:AO OKOHqaTe.IrbHofo noAaBd'IeHI.Ifl BOCCTaHI,Ifl II naAeHUg [O-cd'reAHero efo onJlora - Eefirapa. B ocessuft npa3AHIiK135 r. Bap-Kox6u yxe ne 6u.no B xI4BbIX.

Cornacso npeABapLIreJIbHbIM coo6uresusl',t npoQ-E. JlnSrulrqa, 6yayurefo l43Aarertt fpeqecKHX reKcroB Ha.xoAKrr 1960 r., grn AoKyMeHrbI raK)Ke coAepxar tlHrepec-Hbre cBeneHwn. Tax, ts oAHoi,! lttictliie t:a ltl,ls LlagatagarrepeAaercfl npHKa3aHLIe Eap-Kox6n o [poAoBoJIbcrBeH-HoM csa6xesuu. B ApyroM nucbMe Ha Hlvls roro )Kekloualaua peqb LIAer o AaHHoM HeKoeMy Arpunne nopy-qeHHH BecrH neperoBopbl c pyKoBoAHTedtqM14 3fiH-feau-B orpusxax Ha fpeqecKoM, H3 Ileqep Hdxan-Ileenliru co*xpaHriJrcfl rlepeqeHb IliMeH. Hexoropue v3 HItx I]peABa-pqrcTcfl nplrcraexofi <<6par>> - HatIMeHoBaHLIe, ilpl.IHrroe BapMHH 6ap-Kox6u. Cpean 3rHX <<6parlee>> BcrpeqalorctlraKlKe rrMeHa HeI.ryAeeB, HarIpHN{ep <6par fail>>, Ceau u Ap'B oAHOrrr Hs apanaeftcKux AoKyMeHTOB AO,'IIKHOCTHbIM JIH-

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82

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-xpaHHd'lHIqe, qro-

-6nr y6eAnrrrcr, qro reniepb raM nlncro. 14 e4pyr pyKa ero

HarqynaJra cBs3Ky H3 AecqrKoB nanr4pycoB. 3ra 6ec[eu-Hag HaxoAl(a upeAcTaB,'rflna,ruqnltfi apxHB BJIaAe,'IlIIIbrBcex arr,rx eeqeft, uexoeft 6a6aru. C aroft nopbr B Hayr{-Hor? Jr{reparype rorrBuJrocb HoBoe o6ogHaqesue - apxr.rn6a6aru.

Apxr.re 5a6aru Hac,{Hrsrnaer 35 AoKyMeHroB Ha Ha-6areficxorra (6), apanaeficxou (3) n rpevecKoM (26) fl3br-xax. Ha AeBgrr AoKyMeHTax, HanLIcaHHbIx no-fpeqecKlr,r.rMerorcq- ttoArrrrcu r.r 4o6anneurrfl Ha ua6areftcroM r.r apa-ueficxou. Bce AoKyMeHTbr oruocsrcfl K copor(aJrerHeMyorpe3Ky BpeMeHH, Ha.<uras. or 93/94 H KoHr{as aBfycroM132 r., T. e. HerrocpeAcrBeHHo Ao HaqaJra noccraunl 6ap-Kox6rr. 3saqure;llsas qacrb AoKvMeHToB, 6q.nturux nopa3Mepy, Aor.uJla n xoponefi.coxpanHocru. 9ro xe npel-craBJrflror HosonafiAeHHble AoKyMeHTbI H KTo raKafl, 6a-6ata?

flo r.rMeroulnMcq npeABapr.rreJrbHblM AaHHbrM, Bbrflc-Hsercq cJreAylouee. Apxnn o6reAznqer AoKyMer{Tbr qerbr--pex noporHr.rBrxuxcrr Mexay co6oft ceN{eficrs. fraauaq<<repor{Hff>> apxnBa -Ba6ara -poAoM r4g rroceJreHus Ma-xo3l,r, Ha Ioro-Bocrorrnou no6epexte Meprnoro uopr. Otacr6.nacro Bxornrra B cocraB apa6cxoro focyaapcrB a, TaKHa3brBaeMofi Ha6arez. flocxo.nrxy Ea6ara ioa-ou lrs FIa-6arev r,r B apxr{Be HMercrcfl AoKyMeHrbr na na6areftcxol,rq3brKe, Heo6xo4lrtuo cKa3arb HecKoJrbKo cJroB o Ha6areeu ua6areftcKoM q3brKe. Croxl.lsuteecs s III B. Ao H. a. cai\ro-croqrelbHoe Ha6arericKoe uapcreo s I B. Ao H. a. rro[a-Jo no,tl KoHrpoJl_b_ pHMJrsH, a B 106 r. H. g. r.rMrreparopTparu BKJrroqr.rJr Ha6areo B cocraB Pnrr,rcxofi nnanepull no4Ha3BaHpreM <<llponnHqua Apanua>. fpasnqu arofi npoanu-r{uu 6unn BecbMa ycJroBHbrMn. Sruu MoxHo o6tgcuururor Qaxr, vro xHTeJrIr npoBHHr{HH BJrareJrH yqacrKaMltseMJrr{ n uyaeficxorl o6lacrn 3fin-feau. Ha6areftcrnfit{gblK, H3Becrguli Ao grux HaxoAoK ToJrbKo rro Ha,4nacflM14 MoHeraM, rrplrHaAJrexuT K rpyflfle apaueficxnx s3brKoBco 3r{aqr.rreJrtuofi np uuecrrc ap a 6cxr4x cJroB.

BepHeucx, o.u,HaKo, x Ea6are. Ba6ara 6H.na saMvxervt,.1,83)K,rlbr. O6a ee Myx(a por.oM r.rs 3ftH-feau 6snu-nw6o6parltua, nw6o Asleft H nJreMsHHHKoM. Or nepnoro 6pa-ra y.Ea_6arbr poauJtcrr cbru. B ro xe BpeMs y o6oux'eeMy)Kq 6suu Aerx or r.rx 6paxoa Ao xeHurt6tr na Ba6a-re. floc.ne cMepru o6orlx rrlyNeft Ea6aru co3AaJracbBecbMa ocTpaq Ii 3anyTaHHarr clrTyau[s Hac.rreAcTBeHHbrX

84

LI ItMyIrlecrBeHHbIX B3aHMOOTHO[IeHI',Ifi' npHBeAIXHX K-CI]O-

paM H Tt)K6aM, ocHoBHbIMH yqacTHHKaMH KoTopbIX OblJlIi

Ea6ata, cuporbl I{ ilx oneKyuu. Apxun Ea6aru nocJleao-

BarerbHo ocBelrlaeT HcropIlrc eroft cerr'llu IId'lH' BepHee' qe-

rblpex ceneftcre H HX I'IMyu{ecrBeHHbIX ornorueusfi' Pasy-Meercr, IIeHHOCTb apxl'IBa orHrcAb He orpaHI',IqI',lBaercfi

ToJrbKo erru. Cpe4H AoKyMeHroB Bcrpeqalorca 6pavnuIe'

KOHTpaKTbI, AapcrBeHHbIe SarlI{cH, KaAacrpoBble AeKJIapa-qnll, KoHrpaKTbI Ha KyrlJlrc-npoaaxy SeMJII{' BI'IHa' Qpyx-ToB It Apyrux rlpeAMeroB, pacnncKu' xalo6st u [pereH-3r.rlr, BbIIICKLI H3 oQllunalruux rocyAapcrBeHHblx aKToB

H T. A. OcHosHoe 3HaI{eHI.Ie HoBoorKpbITbIx AoKyMeHToB

3AKJIIOqAETCfl B TOM, I{TO OHH BTICPBbIE OCBET'IT XO3'IIICT-

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RoccraHlll Eap-Kox6u. Paccuorpnu HeKoropble I{3 erHX

AOKYMCHTOBgerupe ua6areficxnx naflltpyca (n xa>rAou H3 HI'lx or28 ao 4f ctpor<) flpeAcraBJlflnr co6oto Kyrlque Ha 3eMJIIo

H APyroe I'IMyIqecrBo, npuo6pereHHoe oruoM baoarbl' Ao-KyMeHrbI cocraBJIeHbI' oquurianlxurtlr'r nucuaML na6areft-

cKOrO HOrapaara I'I AarHpylorcfl BpeMeHeM np9i!"IeHI^s no-

.n.a".io n'a6areftcxoro ir-apn Pa6ana II (70/71-106 rr'H. e.), r. e. Ao npeBpalqeHuq Ha6areficxoro uapcrBa Bflponnuuur,o Apanru.- B 6onlur9fi 4apcrneuuoir i?"1:IGZxtg clrr) Ha aparraeficxotvl.. lqHKe' Hacql4rblBalourel4

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nn) 120 r. H. a., oreq Ea6arbl flepeAaer xeHe B KaqecrBe

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rpaAHIrKI{ u aP.). IIg, sroM Aaercl neperleHb Bcex yqacr-

KoB 3eMJIIt, Tor{Ho o6osHaqanrcg lix rpaHuubl I'I' t{To oco-

6euso LIHrepecHo, yKa3aH pelKHM opolxeHI'Iq yqacrKoB'

Hanpuuep, bAuH ug yqacrKoB op-ouaercl no BocKpeceHb-

gM B Ter{eHr.re noryr{aca, a Apyrofi yqacroK - no cpeaaM B

TeqeHIJe ueJloro qaca. B oAHoM lls apaueftcKllx KoHrpaKToB

Ha apeHAy 3eMJII{ OT <<AHg nepBoro uit'apa, repBoro-fon'a/oc--so6o;Kaeliu x klsp aunr.>> AoJI)KHocrHbIMl'I JII{uaMH ba p- l\ox-6lr raxxe o6yc.nonlen pe)KnM opollleHut caaBaeMoro B

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ni6areni.xurlr.r,qoxyrnleHraMH <popr'ly'na' B paccMarpl'IBae-

uofi Aapcrnessoft 3anl{cll oroBopeHo' qro ecJII4 HX Aoqb

Ea6ata'oBAoBeer, ro Ao HoBoro 3aMyxecrBa oHa BnpaBe

85

xHTb B OAHOM H3 AOMOB AapHTerq, Ho 6e3 fipaBa co6cT-aeHHocrlr. !,oxyruenr xpafiue-HHrepeceH uexoropunrn Oop-Ma.rrbHbrMu ero oco6esHocrsMr.r. llpex4e Bcero, AoKyMeHTAarHpoBaH oAHoBpeMeHHo rro rpeM spaM: l) no ro4y npa-a/'reHr.rr HMrreparopa (n 4auHorr,r c.ryqae --. 3-fi ro4 A4pua-ua); ?) no roAy pr.rMcKux KoncyrroB; 3) no spe IIponNH-unu Apaaur. TpofiHar Aarr.rpoBKa Aaer rro,,rnyr,o cr,rHxpo-HH3aunro r{ rro3Borqer npu o,qHor? AaTe BoccraHoBHTbnoBpe>KAeHHEre MecTa Apyrux rranupycoB. Enaro4apa AarH_poBKe no pr.rMcKriM KoHCy,raM BOCCTaHaBd'rrjBar,oTCrr JlaK\,,-Hbr B asBecrHor,r cttficKe KoHcy,'roB. flo csoeft Qopve

-u

crpyKrype sror AoKyrueur uau6o.nee pauuuft us Ao cHXnop H3BeCTHbIX AOKyMeHTOB THrIa <<teT MeKyIIrap>>, T. e.<flepeBqsaHHuft xonrparr>>. {la npeAorBpa[IeHHq KaKr.rx6u ro Hn 6n.no nos4ueiiuax nn4oziueneniuri n Sanrcu$n-xaquft AoKyMeHT HMeer ABa rrapaJ,rJreJrbHbrx rexcra. flbp-nrrfi nuuetcq BBepxy, a cKperrJrrroluue AoKyMeHT rroAlrr]_cH craBsrcr ua o6opore. Bepxurrr qacrb flepeBqsblBaercg.Bnrlsy AoKyMeHra reKcr flepe[r{cbrBaercfl Apyfr{M nor{ep-KOM H OCTaeTCS OTKpbrTbrM AJrrr [oBceAHeBHOtO noJrb3oBa-Has. Bce gro HaxoAnrcfl B no.nsefiureu cor!,racua a npa!-flwcaHHflMH Maursr,r u leuapu orHocuTe.rrbno noprAKa co-cTaBJIeHHt AeJroBbrx AoxVN,reHros l.

..Bcxope [oc,'re o$oprvr.nenurr orrloM Ba6arlr AapcrBeH_Hofi sanlcu Ea6ara on4one.la. B nannpyce Ha rpeqecKoMr3brKe ot 124 r. H. g. [pl{BoAr.rrcrr xonl&- perueu"" CoseraropoAa flerpu, croJrnubr flponuHqun Apaiun, o

"ar"au.-r{HH AByx orreKyHoB (o4uoro HyAefl H oAnofo na6areftua)HaA oclrporeBrxaM

_cbrHoM Ea6aru. Kar 6ulo yxasauo, ynoxofisoro_ Myxa Ea6aru ocraJrr,rcb raK>Ke Aeiu or 4py_roro ero 6paxa. B cBr3r.r c 3TLIM HX onexyHbr rrpeA.brrB-"4

qror r.r M yl{ecrB eHH ble rrp ereH3 Hr.r E a 6 a re.KaN nngHo n3 HHrepecHofo no cBoHM dopuvnau 6na,r-

Hofo KoHrpaKTa Ha_apanaelicxou fl3brKe, JEaAaia nuxo4rrBropur{Ho saMyx. AseHaArlaroro oxra6p s l2S r. Ea6araIroAaer HaMecrHr.rxy llposHHqHr.r Apazua npoureHr.Ie, B Ko_ropoM rpe6yer, qro6u onexyu-uyaefi elrAa,r ee cbrHy_cu-pore fiprquraroulyrocfl eMy Ha coAep]KaHHe cyMMy. fipao-

-

I Cpe4u ,[eJroBbrx ,[oKyMeHroB ue Baau-Myp a66aar u flerqepn nu-cervr BcrpeqarcTcq raKxe roKyMeHTbl ,runa <<fet nauyr>, r. e. <npoctortKoHTpaKT>). .[loxymeurrr 3Tofo rlrna He [epeBq3brBarorcq, Texcr npxBo-IHTC' rO,rrxo oAr{u pa3, noA Hr-tM - noAn}rc}t KoHTpareHToB r.r ceuae-

a6

craBlrrer'reM Ba6arut Ha3BaH ec nropoii ruyx. Ea6ara rrpo-tBJIfleT OCO6yn Sar.IHTepeCOBaHHOCTb H aKTr.rBHOCTb B 3rOMAe,re. B AoKyMeHTe, ,4arr.rpoBaHHoM TeM )Ke qlrcJroNr, Ea-6ara npociar BbIAarb eft uaxoAqrr1lrecfl y oneKyHoB cpeAcr-Ba ee cE'rHa, B3aMeH qero oHa o6eqaer yrrJrarr.rrb B focy-AapcrBeHHbrfi rpoua 6oree nlrcoxlrii, no cpaBHeHr.rFo c BHo-cl,tMbtM oneKyHaMLI, trPoqeur. B KaqecrBe 3ar'rof a oHanpeA,'raraer cBoe co6crseHHoe r4MyrrlecrBo. Ec,,ur 3TacAer.'rKa cocrol4Tcq, 3aMer{aer Ba6ara, ee cblH-clrpora ct\{o-xer xt4Tb, <<cJraBg 6laro4apuocrblo cqacrr'Il,IBble AHH fe-reMoHulr)>, T. e. Bd'Iacrb plrlucKofo HaMecrHHKa. B ceqsu cgrvM Ae,'roM B apxuBe Ea6aru coxpaHr.rJrncb ABa na[Iapy-ca Ha fpeqecKoM fl3blKe c BbIrrHcKaMH rrg oQlruua.nruurcnocraHosneHr.ti (<<Axron>) ropoAcKofo Cosera flerpu oHa3HaqeHr.rlr oneKyHoB cuHy Ba6aru. 3ru o$uI1uanlHueAoKyMeHrbr Ba)KHbr A,rr r.r3yqeHrrq ucropnn Ha6areu, eeaAM H HTICTp arI4B HbrX U rcp I.IAUq eCKI{X Ir HCTLITyTOB.

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oKpecrHocr sx P a66 at -Alnt moHa, r 3 auopAaule.'iB ,127 r. H. a. HaMecrHI{K I-Iponuuquu Aparul o6-o'

s,BLtJr o pefncrpaqkr{ 3eMeJIbHbIX yqacrKoB. B cBtt3n c.

arwm 27.XlI 127 r. Ba6ata c MyxeM noAaror s Pa66ar'Moane AeK,'rapar{Hxl o cBol4x B,'raAeHuflx. Sror ilanl4pycHa rpeqecxoM s3blKe, o6urupunl:i no pa3Mepy r't yAI{BH-re,rrgoft coxpaHHocrH, HMeer 6o"nlruoe 3HaqeHHe Arn H3y-

r{CHI,Ifl COIIHAJIbHO.SKOHOM],IqCCKIIX, B qACTHOCTI'I AIPAPHbIX,OTHOIXCHI'IJI STOIO NCPfiOAA. B 3TOM AOKYMCHTC AACTC'I AC.TaJrbHeitIxee onHcaHr.{e cocraBa Bcero npHHaAJrexaxleroflM HMyruecrBa, HaxoAflqerocfl xaK B Maxose u l{oape Harofe, TaK r.r e 3ftH-le4u. tr4HrepeceH MeroA orleHr(r{ 3eMJrlr.llnou1aar KaxAoro yqacrKa B coorBercrBl,Iu c o6uqaelrucqllcd'Iflercfl Ko,nuqecrBoN{ cea qqMeHr, geo6xoAlltvloroAJrr 3aceBa AaHHoro yqacTKa. flpu eroiu KorHqecTBo ceaxone6,rercq or oAHoro Ao ABaArIaTr.r. 3areu B AeKJrapa-lIHr4 npr.rBoA14Tcq ToqHoe HcqHcreHae rrpeAnoJlaraeMoroypoxas rax4oft KyJrbrypbr. HaAo naAeflTbcfl, qro ksyqe-Hr4e STOrO AOKyMeHTa nO3BOJTHT BbrflCHHTb rrJrorqaAb BCeXyqacrKoB e a6corlorHor\a BbrpaxeHI{It, a raKr{e rroHflTbApyrue AoKyMeHTbr, B KoTopbrx nJrorqaAb 3eMedlrbHbrx yqa-crKoB o6oggaqena KoJIHqecrBoM cea [oceBHofo gqMeHg.Taxsnn r.rMeHHo ctoco6ou o6osuaqesrr, Ha[pHMep, B AoKy-MeHrax ws Baan-Mypa66aar cAaBaeMbre Dap-Kox6oft napeHAy yqacrKr.r.

!,oxyrueHru rocJreAHr{x r{erbrpex "ter (123-132 rr.) or-pa>Karor erqe 6onruyn cJrox(Hocrb H salyranHocrb ce-uefiHo-zlrlyulecrBeHHbrx 83ar.rMoorHoureHaft ba6aru u eepoAcrBenHuxos. B nanupycHoM AoKyMeHTe Ha rpeqecKoM,c_ apaueficruM pesrcMe (or 20lll l2B r.), eropoft rr.ryx Ea-6aru Aaer pacnucKy B noJryqeHr,nr or Hee n aenosnr 300AeHapr4eB cepe6pa <<rpoBepeHHoro u Ao6poro>. llo.nyua-Teilb o6e3yercs Bepuyrb ary cyMMy Ea6are no .nro6omy eerpe6ooauurc. B nporuBHoM ciryqae oH ynnarr.rr AoJrr BAeoriHola pa3Mepe a rroHecer y6trrxa, cBfltanHbre c B3br-cKaHUeM.

5. anpenn 128 r. Canoues (llle.nanaquou), 4our Llexy-gu (aroporo Myx{a Fa6aru) or nepBoro 6par<a, ssrxoAarsaMy)K. EpauHrrri KoHTpaKT Ha rpeqecKoru seHre noApo6-uo Quxcupyer _Bce HMyrrlecrBeHHbre ycfloBlrq. l6 anpe.nnrono >l<e roAa PIexyAa 3aBerrlaer cso-eft Aoqepn Canoruee[oJroBHHy cBoefo HMyrr{ecrBa s OfiH-feau. Bcrope, BoBcrKoM cJryqae ue nosAHee I I cenra6pa 130 r., plexyaayMr{paer. B 130 r. 3aKJrroqaercs oAHa crpaHHas cr,eJrKa,aa@nxcupoeaHHaq 19 r.rrons 130 r. B AoKyMeHre Ha rpeqe-cxoM ssbrKe c apaueftcKnM p$rorr,re. Onexyubr AByx crrporPleuyu, nepBoro My)Ka Ba6aru or efo neproro 6paxa,ycrylaroT Ca,rouee or rlMeHH cBoux noAorreqHbrx cupornx HMyr{ecrBo B Xauap-3liH-l_eau. Oro HMyrrrecrBo nep-BoHaqaJrbHo rrpaHaAJre)KaJro XrycuoHy, recrro Ea6aru.88

Bcxope Haqr.lHaror,crr o,crpbr€,KoHQJr.r,KTbr MexAy Ea6amftI{ €€ PO,AC}BeH,lIltrKa,MIj.

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''an,Hpyc eue He pacu,n-

Qporau._ B 131 r. Ea6ara noe6yx4aer HcK npo,ru,B MHDuau ueSiiH-leAu, 6Heruerl xeHbr Broporo *y*"u- E;6;;;;:'M;r;:aM npr.{ Horaprzyce ,raK orBerraer Ea6are: <fl yxe H paHb_ule [pocr4Jra re6s orcrarb or Moero n*yueci"rr. Haro_HeU' B no,cJIe,U,HeNI A.oryMerrTe (Ha rpeuecKoM qsbrKe), Aa_Tr.r'poBaH,HOM JreToM 132 r., T. e. yxe HaKaHyHe BoccTz,Hri,rF,6a6ara rpe6yer or"oAHofo las one,rynoB cltpor ee nepBo-ro Myxa BbrAarb eri ua coAepxaHrzb nacuHira 6 aeuipu_eiB Ha r,pn JterHr{x ye,cqua (rauuye, an u enyn), rro ABal(eHapHs B Mecsq. Peruesue cocroqroct

" noriay Erda_llr B

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lloc,re,cosaBrxue 3areM AB,e apxeoJroruqeicKae sKCneAIr.,,urdr4, opraHu3oBaHHbre Aoxeonoiu.IecKil M. Mf3€eM (,qe.T:9!"_ 1962 r.) u Aueprxa"&ot'rlr*oio" Bo,c,roqHbrx t4clcneA,oeafl,rafi (aunaor-1963 rJ c yuacrr.; rc;A;^'C;r;;,l:grl_l Ae Bo ,n cynpyron {tulr,';-;;;*" r€pBo,orxpbriBa"renfl Ky'M,paHcKrrx Dlno,nucefi Myxau,nae4u

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uysefi npub6pe,r y 6eAyuuo'n eue oAHy rlaqKy MeJIKI'ix na-

nuovcuotx orpblLBKOB, npofl'cxoAflt{l'lx ll3 roft xe lleulepbl'g"!io.

"r*tu* o6pasolr, 6u,ro safiaeno 40 ranll'pycHblx

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npo"iu.A.tinoe O' Kpo'cco'v i'r fI' "llanno'M' IIoKa3aJIo' qro

ni,n"py.ot Aarupylorcq orpe3KoNI BpeMeHI'I B copoK JIer:

375-d35 nr. ab H. 3.' r. e. roAaMI'I' HenocpeAcrBerHHo

nDenue,crBorBaBtuIlMH Boatouto*y noxoAy- A'nercan4pa

iviri*1o""*ro. Aee I43 rpex M'oHer raKx(e 6eccnopno Aa-

rr.rpyror,cq B'peMeH'eM Ao Ane'*cun4pa MaxeAoiucKoro (ar-

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iV ;. - npo6.leuaruuHa: HeficHo' orqeKaueHa JII{ oHa Ao

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nepBble AO,KyMeHTaJILIHbIe MaTepHaJlbl, OCBeUlarc-IIlUe COU14 aJIItHO-SKrOrHOMIiI{eCKI{e OTHOIIeHHq'llaneCrUUU gfiepuoA nep,c,r.rAcKof,o BraAbrr{ecTBa. fIa,I]I,Ipycbr Aaror raK-XE .HCKOTOTPbIE HOBbIE 'CBEACHHfl O IIOJIHTI{qC,CKOfi I,ICTOIPI,I}I3',I'OfO nepuoAa, B rlacTHocTr4 B[epBbIe BoccTarHarBJl]lBaeTcfnocJreroBare"'rbHbrri cn[rcoK npaBr.rreJreft Cavapuu. Tpya-H'O iI]epeOUeHI4Tb sHaqeHHe HO'BOOTKpbITbIx IIarntrpycO]B AJIfl'ricroprlrd apa'MericKoio s3brha r{ ero ,naJreofpaQuy. flo-cxoJlbKy ece HafiAerHHbre narrl4pyrcbr roqHo Aarr4pyroraflIV e., oHli reM caMbrM Aaror flpoquuft xpuleptft rarxxe/urrl AaTr.r'poBKH p aiH'Hr,rx KyM,p aH,cKr.rx pyKo,[uceft . I4s6an,ne?;opny,ca 3TI.rx na,nupv'coB sBr{Tcq Bax(iHbrM co6brTr.reM BHayKe, a vMs 6yayurero r.r3Aarerq 3roro Koprnycanpo$. @. Kpocca rorBop,Hr o roM, qro 3r'o r.rsAanr.re 6yaerocyqecTB,'reHo Ha ca'MoM BbIco,KoM HayqHoM yporeme l.

2. Pa,cx,o,nxr4 Macalu

B 70 r. H. 3. anrr.rpr{McKoe Boccraur.re HyiAeeE 6u,norroTorrrJrerHo B r{poBM. corHn Tbrcrrq .lroAefr noru6.uu. Ctpa-Ha 6ama ony,cro[rena, VlepycanuM H eno sHa,ueunrtrfixpalr 6u"tlr pa3pymeubr, co)Kx{enbi u paerpa,6ne,uu. [e-crrlKn rbr'cqq rrJrerHubrx 6u.nH y,ne4embr B pa6,crno. Ho I4y.Aefi,cxaq softHa Ha 3ToM €uI€ rH€ ,oKoHr{t4racb. Co,n,oomi-fieHHe npotroJlxaJr,r.r HeMHorrre xpa6pequ, yKpenH,BtxHecflB TpyAr{oAocryuHs; Kpenocrr{ Ma,caAe.

<<Cxa,ructrfi yre,c orpolrHoii Bbrcorbl orpyxalor coB-cex cropou o6pr,r,excrbre rrpornacrt{ Herrpo,Huqaeuofi ury-6rI4rHbI, rHeAo,crv[Hb]e ,HH ,II,JIfl JIIoAeft, HH ,qJIt x]riBolHblx;'TOJIbKO B ,qByX MecTax, I-l TO C TpyAOM, MOX;HO npHrCTj-nI4Tb K yTe'Cy: OAHa H3 3TI{X AOrpOr rAeT rro Ha,n,palBJreHr4roK_ BocroKy or A,cSa.rrrona osepa (r. e. Meplnorb rtaopr.-LI .4.), a A'pyras,6onee np,oxo,Ar.rMaff,-c sana4a. flep-BylO, BCJIeACTBI{e ee y3OCTH H LI3BHJIH,CTO,CTLI, Ha3bt,BarcT3uensori rponori. Ona npo6uBaercrr K BbrcryrraM o6purea,rracTo BosBpaqaeTcfl Hasa,A, BbITrIttiBaeTCg olflTb HoMHo,rOB A,'rr4Hy r{ c rpyAoN{ Aocrr.rraer \enu.. 14,Afl, no :roii Tpoile,

I llepnue coo6rlteHuq o HaxoaKe Cauapuftcxux pyxonr.rceir 6unucAeJIaHr,r [L ,rlennolt z @. Kpoccorrl. Cu. P. W. Lapp, The SamariaPapyri, - <Archaeology>, 16, September 1963, ltU il, pp. 204-206:F. M. Cross, The Diicouerg of the Samaria Papgri,'--iTlie BiblicalArchaeologist>, XXXVI, December 1963, Nb 4, pp. I I0-121.

Heo6xoAuMo ,['onepeMeHHo rBepAo y[]rparbcs ro oAHofi, ToApyroft Honoft, u'6o ecrfi flocKo,'rb3Hyrbcr, To rr,r6eJrb Her.r3-6exua, TS.K ,K?K c o6e[x cropoH 3Hs]oT uy6orue npofla-qru, onoco6Hble ;HaBe,crn cr,pax Ii Ha HeycrpaulnMblx JrIo-aeft. llpofiaq n,o eroft rponr.iHKe 30 craAufi, AocrurarorBepur'r4Hbr, KoTopaq He 3ao'cTpfleTcs B y3Kyro BepxylrrKy, a,H arrr p orr,rB, o 6 p asyer uIH p oKyr,o n o.r RHy>> 2.

Tax hocrzQ @naeuil onr4cblBaer rryrb K ApenHefi Ma-ceAe, npeACTS;BJIfrB[I€ft CO6Orc, IIO CJTO.BaM @nanNl, <<,CHJIb-

uer?ruyn r,r3 Bcex xpenocreft>. Cauo HasBaHlre <<Ma'caAa>no-eaperi,cxx ogHaqaer <<Kpe,ro'crb>> (<MeIlaAa>). OHa 6rr-ila o'c'H,o,BaHa xacMoHeficKHM npaBlireJre,M I40uarauon B

cepeAr,r{Ee II s. as u. s. 3uaqlrreJlbHo yKpelLIJI a 6.naro-ycrponJr Maca4y Irapr I,Ipoa (37-34 r. Ao H. 'a.), oxpy-xr.rsur,uft Be,pluuHy yreca Bbrc,oKoir 6eroKaueuuoii cren,oftc 37 6aruHs'Mu. Aa'u,Ha xpenocrHoti ,crerHbl cocraBJIsJIa1300 .lz, Bbricora -7-8 Jvt, ToIIU\uHa -5-6 t,t. Kax!..asus 6arues aocrr{'raJra Bblcorbl 30-32 til. Xenas, noAforo-errs ce6e He,flp]rcrynrH,oe y6exuule <<Ha uepuuft AeHb>,I,Ip'o4 rerxn oqIIr'I B o'6 o p oH llren lH r,l ii Ironrn,'I eKc Kp ern o crl{ rl'o-

crpoeunufi 'nM raaccueHttft pocNourHuft ABopeu c KoJIoII-HaAoft r.r qer,blpb-Ms 6aurmsu'u eHcoroft oKoJIo 40 n. [zo'peu cJra'BHJIcq ceoeft BeJII,IKoJIerIHoft orAen,xofi,'tvIosauu.nu-M,r,l noJIa/Mr.r, BaHHbIMtH KOMHaTaMI{ Ia 6accefiuanlu.

Xu.nue noMeureulls AJIa M,HoroqltcJle[IHoro raprHll3oHa6uln nplrcrpoeHbl r nHyrpeHneft croporHe xpenocrHoftcreHbl. BuytpeHnxs xe n.rlolqaAb Be'pIxI4HbI, npeAcraBrqB-urarr trfioAopoAHyIo 3eM.II]o, ocraJlacb He3acrpoeH'ttofi nnpeAHa3rHaqaJIa,cb AJIfl BO3AeJIbIBa'HI4ff I,I noceBoB Ha CJIy'qift ocaAu Kpenocrl.{. fl,oAge,narnue BoAonpoB'oAu Ia oupy6'JlerHHbre B cKaJIe lrlI,crepHbl I,I BoAoeMbI o6ecneq[saJll{ He'flpepbiBHoe eoAocHa6xeHae. O6turup'Hble cKJIaAcKI'Ie noMe'rqeHlrfl xp a Hr.r,'ia g aII acbl n p oAoB'oJlbcrenr ( x.u e6, .M acJlo, B'I{'

no, ,$uHra,xu, crpyqKoBble 'nno1u) lr opy)Klre Ha l0 TbIc. qe-

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t Hocurp @Jrasnir, Llgdeilcrcaa aortua, VII, 8, 3. flepeaoafl. /1. Heprxa.

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JIOTOM BOCCTaBUII,IX OCTaBaJIacb 3ax'Bar{eHHaq cl'IKappIgMHMacaAa. 14, uecuorpt Ha HnqroxftIoe KoJIIIqecrBo o6opo-,HflBrrIXX Kpen,ocrb, r xoropoii eAaa HacqlzTblBaflacb rbl-csqa qero,BeK, no cyuecrBy Vlyl,eh'cxan soilHa 3aKoHrII{-Jiacb Jrr.mlb c nar.eHLIeM MacaAu e 73 r. H. e.

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TeJrbHyIo creHy, cocrofrBlxyn ,ug AepeBqHnux 6a,nor I{ sel{-Jrr{, yqacrb Maca.nu 6u.na peureHa. He xeJlas cAaBarbcqpHMJrnuaM, cuKapun peur.rJlrr rroKoHI{HTb xI.I3Hb cauoy6r.rft-crBoM, npeaBaplrrenbHo npe.AaB ofHlo Bce IIelHHOcrI4, KpO-

Me npoaoBoJrbcrB'eHnbtx ganacos. B 'per{,H, ero)KeHHoft@nasl,ter\a B ycra Sneasapa, fJIaBbI o6oponxnul4XCff, ro,Bo-ipHrcfl: <<Ho npex.a.e MbI r.rcrpe6uu orseu HauI,I coKpoBI4-rua u Bcro Kpenocrb... To,rrx'o ctecrnble npunacbl MbI o,cra-Br,rM B rleJrocrr4, H6o sro 6yler cB'HAere,IlbcrBoBarb nocJle,gaureft cMeprt4, qro He roroA Hac fipllHy4vtil, a lITo MbI,iKaK v perxr4Jrr.rcb or caMono HaqaJra, [peAnoqJlr{ cMeprblpa6crev>. Pequ Snea3apa u onucarur.re nocJleAoBaBuerosa uefi calroy6uftclea 960 eeJroBeK ilpr.iHaAJlexar K HaH.6onee BneqarJrtrForul4M crpanu(aM coqltHen'l{t @.naeus.

Vr,pornl cJreAylouero AHn pxMrflHe r{epe3 npo6uryrc ra-paHoM 6perur BopBa,rilcb B nhrraBmyro ofneM Macany.OsaaaqeuHue seo6lrqaftsoft ruutrzuoit, oHH noAHqJIlI [IyM,,ria Koropbrfi l.ts noaseMeJrbrr BbnltJrH yKpbIBaBIxI]ect raMABe )KelHUIr4Hbi C nflrbro AerbMr.{. xeuuusrt paccKa3a/l}I'przMr'rgnaM o6o eceM npoliclueA[reu. Bo BHyrpeHHeM noMe-IUeHLI14 ABopUa p14MJIflHe ,HailJIH fpy,[.bl TeJI >KeHUIHn, Aereft

'I4 My)KqraH. STHM SaSepIxaercrr onHcaHr.re (Dnaenelt rpex--riersefi ocaabr u pa3pylxeHllq MacaAsr lB90 r'Ier Ha3aA.

Pagsanuult MacaAu Bnep.Bble 6twtu o6ruapy>reuu a

95

oTolKn,ecTBd'IeHbl Ha CKaJrax, .HaSbr,BaeMbrx HbrHe A"rrr-Ca6-6a, eule B npolxJroM BeKe aHf,rrl/lcrxnlrH yrleHbr]lru Cnrucouu Po6uHso,Ho,na. 3nrys,r.racr pacKpbrrr..rfl raft,u MacaAu;III. fyrrrlau, Hasvtrafl c 1932 r., ca,creMarrlqecKr.r r.r3yqaerpailoH MacaAu u efo pa3,BaJrr,rHbr. ZnrepecrubrMrr.r rr Ba)K-Hbr Mlr p egyJrbrara M H yBeHr{aJr.r cb Kp arKoBpeM eHHbr,e npo6-Hbre apxeororuqecxue gKc/neAr.rur4'rz n 1955-1956 rr. noA.plKo,Bo,(crB,ov LL AxaporHu l.r [lI. fyruaua. B xpenocrn6utln,o6uapy)KeHbr 6oltruue cKJraAcKlre ttoMeuleHr.rrr.

CrnaAcrue crp,oeruufl AeJltrcg Ha rp[4 KpbIJra I{ cocro.-flT H3 AJrr.riuHo.ro pq,4a noMeuleuzir. B rcxrnou Kpbr,'Ie HaMecre apceHaJra o'6HapyNeua xopo,ttro orxryKarypeHHaficreHa H o6ean Kpbrlr,u, cro,pe,nruefi Bo BpeMfl 6onlruoronoxapa, ollrltcaHH'ofo oflael1leM. B ceeepHou KpbrJre sanAe-nbl HeO'IxTyKaTy'pe'HHbIe CTerHbI LI pa3II4r{Haq nocyAa LI3H'ev3Be,crHoro co'pra TJII,IHbI. 3Ae,cl, [o-BI4ALI1\{o'My, u 6t'tttucKJra,rlbr nu[IeBbrx npoA]Kr'orB. B ro upemx KaK B opyxefi-[IbrX rH npoqux crKJraAax BH,u,HbI cJreAbI 6orl'noro floxapa,B [OMeIIIeHr.rgX, rAe X,paH'LIJtr.rCb C'beCTHbre,npnflacbr, Hr.riKa-

Knx npH3HaKoB noxapa Her. Ta'xuu o,6'pa'eou, apxeoJloflr-qecKld liOAT'BepxAa,ercq'coo6uIe'HIle @JarBI4fl, r{To no,BcrarH-Ubl COXTTTH B'Ce CrK,rIaAIrI B KpenO'CTI'I, 3a IiCKJIIOqeHHeM npo-loBo,rrbcrBeHHblx. Ha oquqeusoft qacrl{ roxsoft crei{bt<<ABOprIa C KOTOHHaTUU> I4pOAa'O6Hapyx<eHu,Kpac'oqHblL'$peorcx c rlso6paxetws.Mu reoMerplrqecxux Surnyp rI I{Ber'oB-fl o c.n'oe a,Iu{ p yrKoB oAI.ITer eft gNcn eA fiI\uLr, 3T w p Lt cyHKI{ or/,r a -

qaIOTCfl BbICOLKHIMI4 XyAO)KeCTBeHHbIMI4 AOCTOHHCTBaMH.5o.truroft lirHTepec npeAcraBJrsror orKpblrble B no.ABa-.

flax ABopIIa klpol,a ABa nI,r,cb,MeHI{bIX ltaMsrHv'Ka -ocrpa-KoH H na'n'xpycHbift orpueox Ha e'BpellroK,oM tBbIKe. llucluoLrx cxoArHo c nrl,cb'MoM KyMpaHCKux pyKo{I[ceft. 3saqersue'grLIx neplBbIx He6o,luu14 x pyKo'nl,tcHbIx IIaMgrHItrKo)8, Haft-AelHHbrx s MacaAe, B To,M, qTo OHI,I M,OryT 6Urn nrpuene-qeHbr Arq apxeofloru'qecxofi u rtaJleofpa$'uve,cxoft Aarw-poBKn Kyr\,lpaHoKllx pyxo,nnceft, nocKoJIbKy oHI,I r[porIHo Aa-lripyForcs BpeMeHeM ao 73 r. H. s.

B rou xe ABopue I4p,ona, Ha IIo,'Iy, tt'o,[ o6BZJIot\I H&

Me,cre noxa,pa o6ruapyxeubl ABe ,noilocbl xopouo c'oxpa-HItEIIIeIOCfl IIepraMeHTa, K CO>KaJIeH14IO HeI{CrI'ICaHHOrlO.Bce ero r,o,Bop,HT o B,o3Mo)K'Hocri{ HoBbIx orxpulufr py,xo-nraceil. A priori flrcrHo, r{To ,corHu JIIoAeft, I,IcKa'BIIIIIXy6exuuta B HenrplIcryn,sofi xperocrLl, Mor.tlru SaxBarllrb c'

co6oii npeAcraB.IllBuue AJIfl HHX IIeHHocrb Ae/'I'oBbIe AoKy'

96

MeHTbI, C,BsrqeHHbre TeKCTbr I.I JI,rrTepaTypHbIe npOU3BeAe..HHfl,. VI, 6urt uo.x<er, nJraMg no*upu u o6aa.ntr ltrolrlzan-..rrr{ He roJrbKo Ha3BaHHbre orpuexu... rlro cure ,o*d-16-Hapyxl.rrbcfl ,cp eAH CJr e)KaBru efo c, B r.o."r.',q.;;;;A;; _rlr BeKoB Mycopa H ule6Hs?

.t] o,ma,6pe 1963 r. ,Hattaila pa6ory HoBar KoM,nJreKc_Has. apXeOJr,OrI qercKafl 3K,CrreAl.rUafl BO fJraBe C.npo@. kL 9.luuotur. OxcneAuuan,'o-roropori np"n"t,tuto"yria,crr.{e 250 qeroeeK u BcrroMorairenuuue apnteftc,xue no4_pa3AeJIerHlIs' paLccql'ITaHa Ha rBa pacKonor{Hbrx cegoHa IIoLlrecrb Mecq[eB xaxguft. 3aAaqeft pacKonoK flrBJrrercflTrrIareJrbHoe H crricreMar,r,rqecxoe o6,c,reao,saHIre pag,BaJrr.IHr,I BbIflBd'.H,I,Ie BCero apxeoJofI,I,qeclKOlO KOMIJI.KCa, ocTaT-Ko,B Kporrocr,nbrx coorpyxeurzft, ABopuorBbrx crpoernuft c ux@pe'cxa,uu, M03ar.rKou Lr ApyrHMu xyAoxe,crBeHHbrMH iia-M,alH,uKaMr. B xoAe pacKo,rroK .lor,rxHbr oorro y.rr"fuo!_Hbr nrarnbr Bcex crpoetuit, vx apxr4reKrypnue" 6opnrri- HAerailui r43BJreqexbr Bce [aMsrHrana iuarip"anrsbft' *yro-rypu

_(opygr4r, opy>KLre rH npeAM,erbr 6brra), norp.6euuu*B noABaJrax crpo,eHurl u s saeanax ure6Hq,; ,$d;:'p;:3yMeer'cr, easeriHorl lreq'rort 3KcrneArrlrru frBJrqIoTCrr HaxoA-KII pyr(o,n,t,c,Hbrx rI a M g:r.HI{KOB.SrcineAraqruq o6o,cuo'ana,cr K ga,na,Ay or c*aJrr{rcroroyTeca, Ha ToM Mecre, orr{yAa puucxHfi [oJrKoBoAerI Cta.nlsaHa'qaJr xrrypM Maca4u. K noaHoxxro ropbr qepeg flycrbrHro.I]po.Ilo)KeHa 25-x,r.nouerpoBas Aopof a, 11,o roropoft ex{e_AH,eBHO {0,CT3B,rrfroTcf npOAyKTbI,'BOAa r{ MaTepLIaJIbI.

_^ Cy- n-o cnopg4urre,cKuM-ooo6rqe;;M npeccbr, s Hos6-pe - 4exz6pe 19,63 r. cAeJraubr cJreAyroqre naxoAxa. BoABo'pue 4pg+g o6Hapyxeua r{oMHara, orox(,AecrBJrreMar-c rpouuori (?), u BaHHaff KoMHara, noMeilIeglre c o6nou-KaMLr My3brKaJrbrl{brx,r_rHcTp.y,irae,Hroe, llapcKas KyxHfl Hrc,Hga,pHaq Macr'ep,cxaff. B xpenocrHor{ creHe BbrqrBJeHbIcJIeAbI 200 xu,rui nonaetqenufi. 0,6 o67raHrrlr raM JrroAeftC,B}IICTCJIbCTBYIOT OCTATKIi NI,IUIN, IiOCYAbI I{ AOMAIIIIHHXseqefi, BnJrorb .4o Merjrbl Ii3 naJrbMo,Bbrx JlrrcrbgB, lrepe-BssauHbrx rosxoli nepeerxofi. OAHo nouerqe,Hae Ha Beprxr4-Fe oTo)KAecTBr'rfl,eTcfl c AperBHeitrueft curgaronofi .Bucora cjlos Mvcopa u rqe6sr -aoa""aua"

M,rlrHnMyllI n. BHyrpu ero,ro c.[o,q Haxo4flTrcq AoMaruHqq yrBapl,,:lI{11 rpyAa, opyxr4e;

-Kaiv^Ht4, Karanyrrbrr.rpoBarHHbreplrr{JrsHaMu lr HM.r xe ea6,pguenHbre xenes,HHe' u 6pou-3oBble HaKoHeqHr.I.Kr.r crpe"[; 400 6po,HeorBbrx r{errrJ/ex xyAc)-7 VI. A. AMyarH

97

:KCCTBCHHOIO I,ISTOTOBJIEHI,Ifl ' NO-BHAI,IIMOMY' qACTb $P,gH'N:

DoBaHHoft oAe)KAbl; 40 rnuHsllltx KyBIlIlIrHo'B c rroMerKar'r"

"" o6.naAare,refi (?); caHAaJIHH; cKeJIerbI x<eHuH'HbI R

*uniul^r; xeHcKHe yipatento" (ronrua, cepe6p.xuue 6po',;;:;;G;. a,'rs 6,raioeoH'ft I'ts cnoHoeofl 'xocrn); ocrarKn

nocyAbl US roHqaiiuero creiKJla It Ap'b Da3Mepax HaxoAoK roiBopl4T Tor Qarr' lITo

x LV. igO+ f. n I4epyca,rutr'l'cxxft uysefi nepeBe3eHo oKo-

.ao 30 TorHH apxeolorsqecxsx HaxoAoI(' Pacxonxn 6ynyr,npoAoJIxeHbI oceublo 1964 r' flpeAnonaraericr'pe'craBpa-r$ls ABopqa I{ npe'Bpalqenfie ero n iuyeeft'

B'.ob6uranNax -npeccu

noBo'pl4rcs raK)I{e o HaxoAKax

rori" -,-pyn"n".eft.'Haftaes

ueo6uqafiru9. IPynsut KrIaA:

-iiOO opo"io,"u,x u c-e-pe6pnHblx MoHer; 1400 'ra'oser o'rno-

'cfl'rcfl Ko BpeMeHlr LlyAeficxoft eoftHrt Il cpeAI'I HHx rp'I{

.peAqafirune MOrH0TbI, aarupyeuue 5'l'I roAoM BO'C'CTaHnfl'

i. t.-70 r. u. e.! oxo.no 780 u'o'ser orHocflrcfl Kto BpeMe-

rn, -h"nu", -kIponu

I{ pI'IMrcKIlX npoKyparopos' oAHa tto^-

"ar. ou*u"a fil6epua^tr or 99 r. .H. 3. cBI'IAeTeJIbcTByeT o

;;; ;;;-'p"*""rd fap'rl3o'H' o*Kyn'Do'Banurufi MacaAy;

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'cneAyIOluIIx nll,cbMeH'HbIx naMflTHIIKoB: rla'flup]ncbl A€JIOBO*

rO COAepX aHVfl Ha JIaTIIHCKOM H rpeqe'CKotr't s:gslraxi PY'

*on"c, 6u6nefuct<ux KHr4f, B rOM qr{'cJre Qparueuru x,nur

JI;;;; ,r llca.rlro,s, coBnaAaloure c MacopercKl'IM reK-

;;;;; i' 6ono-r* Sparrvrernron anoxpuQr'rut:n9t^-]n","7b.n-b"pot, na;IeoryiquqecKll 4arupyerr,'oft HaqaJIoM I B'

;;;. ;,. Taxutvt o6f asor'', sror reKcr norlrl{ coBpeMeHeH

'TeKcrv npeqecKofo^nepeBoAa' cAeJIarHHOfO n Erulre nny-

,i,"r*"n"I]C"pii'" f gS r. Ao H. e. PecranpirpoeaHHblfr'tii

" 6. Elr 6eprip ayroM oaIIfl us ^$p

arn,r enroB coi'ep)Kl{r rJIa -

.ui 4t-++ xHllrl'r Een-Cnpu' 3ra saxoAKa craBflr Ha Ho-

,tsvlo reKcr'odrorHqecKyIO O'CHOey H3yqeHI',I-e- py'Kofiflcu np,o'

;'r;*t;;;-n.n-c"p", naftAensoft n Kaupcxoft rerir:e'-21;g 6grrpa,Ka c enpeft'cKl4M'H ilMerHaM'II npe'u'crasrslor 6or-l-

uiofi uurep.. ano I'lsyqeHl'll naneorpaQnu u oHoMattlll'HaftAesu raKxe o"poI'ex'l Ko>I{aHbIx cBHTKoB HeycraHoB-

' JISHHO|O eu{e coAepx(aHl'Iq'Oco6oe s"aqen"e I'IMeer I{axoAKa Sparueuron pyxo-

ni4clr KyMpancKoro npoHcxoxAey'rzr. B ig0o r'--CrparHe'n-

.;;;^ 6il; onY6nnrbsaHu uaftAessste s 4'ia KyMparH-

'croi.i neqepe ABa Qparnreura r'I4rypr[qecKoro coqla-

.oR

HeHHfl (Sirot'Olat Ha55abbat). HaxoAxa n Maoa4esparmeuroB 3Toro x(e coqr.rHeHr-rfl npeAcraBJrrrer Bbrr,arc-urur?cs r{Hrepc.c B,o MHorr{x orHorueHr.rsx. HafilenHnre BrvtacaAe eparMegTbr r4Meror npelKAe sceno 6onruoe Aarrr_pyrcuee 3Har{eHue, u6o flcHo, r{T,o 3Ta pyKonr.rcb 6u_ra Han,ucaHa Ao na.u,egar Maca.l.u e 73 r. H. g. C;le-IoBareJrb,Ho, 6necrslue noATBerp)KAaerc, BbrABuHyraq Hao'cHoBaHulr apxeoronHqecKlrx l-t naJ.reorpaQuuecxr.rx AaH.ubrx runore3a, cor,'racHo Koropo^fi xyupaHcKr{e pyKonLrcH6unu cnpararr-rbr B nerqepax ao 68 r. H. 9. _ BpeMeH,r.r 3a_xBaTa^ pr.rMJrfl:HzMH pafioua KyupaHa. Ho s raKoM cJryqae4ara 68 r. H. 3. flBJrflercs o4uonpenaeuHo raKxe terminus adquem Hx Hanv,caHus. tr4tu,lvn cdloBaMH, Tenepb Mo)KHo cr{H-rarr 6eccnopHo ycraHoBJrel{HbrM Qaxrou, rr.To cnprranHbre3 KyMpaHcKHx tteulepax pyKorracll HarrHcagbr ao 6g f. H. s.

^,-,4-u{_:., uo $paruearax Ha3BaHHolo nr,rrypfHqecKofo

COqI,IHe,HLifl 14 MeIOTC' XpOHO,' Of HrIe,CKI4e yKa g aHI,Ir, KOTOpbIe6aecrs.rue noATBepxAaror TaK)r(e 11paBar,rbHocrb cocraB_JreI{Hor4 yrreHbrMr.r ra6;luuu KyMp-aH^cKoro KaJreHAapr. Tax,s HafiAeHHou fAusolu s xouue'1963 r. orpbrBKe foBoprlr-cq: (<ne,cHb cy66olHero Bcecoxx(euilr, uecroli- cyOOSnoi,IHg AeBflTofo, Mecfrla BToporo>. B orpunne, ony6n,nxo-BaHHoM Crpa,rHe"uona e. 1960 r., FoBopr.rrcfl o ce,4bMoli cy6-6ore, naAaroqeft Ha l6-e qucro

"iopo"o Mecflqa. O6c3Tri Aarbr B TOr{'HOCTr.r coBlaAa*oT C paspa60ru""o[ u "rrr-xe ra6,ru{efi KyMpaHcKoro

^no.raup" r. T;;.. ;'i,,'{IOATBepXaaeTcfl TaK)Ke npr.rHaAJrex,HocTb aBTOpOtB KyM.

p a H c Kr.i x p yxon u c e ri x e,c c eri c rco u y AB I.r x( e H H ro.rlaKo,Heu, HaxonKa s MacaAe _ uHTaAeJrH cuKapHeB _pyxonHceri KyMparHcxofo npoucxoxaeHr.l, no-HoBoM! cra.BI4T r{pe3Bblqafiuo BaxHyIO npo6.rrerr,ry 83altMooTHO.merHrnitqJreHoB xy'upaucxorl 06urugu

-c uar60.nee peBoJrro(rroHHbi,

MI,t 3r'Ie,M€THTaMLI CTpaHbJ _3ed,toTaMu vI c,,lKapxrMlI B xo4Ae anrr4pxr\{,cKofo BoccraHr.rrr 66_73 m. i.r Bonpoc o,6 yvarcTr.rB KyMpa,HHTOB B STOM BOCCTa.HApr.

Pasyueercr, AeraJIbHoe .Hcror,rKoBaHrre naliAenuttx BMaca:e pyKonucHbtx raMqrHHKoB - ae,ro dyay[Iero.

^^^9^119 ^y-T! t"n.pb scHo: npo.4oJixarcurrecrr pacKonKl1JvracaIbI^cyJIflT MrHO.fo Ho,Bbrx, Bax(Hbtx H IiHTepecHbrx cBe.

.u,esur?. Cy.turt o Hr4x Mo;rHo 6yrer nocJre 3aBepurerHHgp a cKorIoK u ony6l.uxo B atrvtfl, Bcef o H ari4e,nuroro M a rep r{ a Jr a.

-

t Cp. 14. !,. Anrycun, pgrconucu Mepraoeo tropa, M.,,1960, crp. 163-

7r

JII4TEPATY,PA HA PY,CCKOM fl3bIKE

Aruycun 14. A., Pgrconucu Meptaoeo nopn, M', 1960; us'u'' 2, M" 196l'

a"uff*l fi'.'I.., nonrreHrbl us Badu'Mvpa66aar,-BAI4, l95s' Js 1'

crp. 104-124.R"u.r,i' ij.

-

A-., K g npancrcud Q paene nr <,tort,r 1bL> ?aaulo4cKo eo 4apt

;-!f:t#."nf :,r"',[#'.,'7u:;u[:otr;i]l;]oi*'E;*r,.-cA,re60'- Nb 2, crP. 289-30-0'

A"u."" -U.

il, K orp"dt,cenun udeonoeuttecrcoti npunadt'ettuocru KAtt-'""'-"'p;;;,6i odqriot,-BAr4, 196r, Ng t,-crp' 3-22'nonaii*iii i"y.ri a.' A'';;E;oi

îspa66aai, II, - BAI{' 1e61' Nt 4'

crp. 136-147.e*uJrI' u."n.,"A'paneilcrcud' LoHrpdKr lsJ e' n' 3' tB oKpecr*ocret'^-' yi:i:, i *f ffit'.,ft::i d[t:.;$1"86;:iii:.n,

nocBnureHH_br*

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R* y. " ""

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;Ji';tl*#r,!,i:,J!i;;,u\Hi,n!'oT;,';',:10..1u"-"rn'u.",*."ou'JL, 196i, crP. 227-235.

Sapt;f.*rii-'A., 'Ps*onutu Mepraoeo ttonn' M'tul!l;#,i, "tf,Pu.o, * U,B;;;;;;;;t A'., iaxodrcu B nlJcruHe, - <3Hau

e"notJl"o ?. i1; o dorcg'weurax, nad,euut'Lx a Haxan-xeeep'-Bi\v'

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ift,t.';:: ,;o:Yr?:" t'Icrop}ru perurlrr{ r areu3r!Ia>' enn 4, M"

Kax4anA. Il., Pgrconucu paccKasblsatur,- <Hayxa ri >Kr.r3Hb>, M., 1957,Nb 3. crp. 4l-43.

Ka(ue.nrcou Ll., HoaoteôrKpbtrun g Mepraoeo ilopfr,- <Asraa r.r AQpr.r-

- Ka cerofHr>, 1962, Nb 5, crp. 44-45.I(aque,rrc-ou V., 3aea)rcu Me_da9-zo iaurrca, - <<Aguq u AQpnra cefoAHq>,

1963, Nb 7, up.46-47,52.Koaa.ne.n^ Q. H. u K1i6"'rauoe M. M., Haxodrcu a Hg\edcrcofi ngcrome, M.,

1960, 92 crp. [uaa. 2 - M.. 1964].Kosaflee C. V., IlpaoocnaaHoe 6oeocioeue u orKpbLrun a padoue Mepr-

Boag- ry9p!, -<<E>xerogHlrx Myaex lrcropltu peJrrrrr.ru H arer43Ma>),IV, 1960, crp. 3-9.

Ky6{4no^s M. M.,Orrcpotr.ua a pafroue Mepreoeo ltopn,-<Hesa>, lg5g,Nb 9, crp. 169-t74,

Ky6nanoe-M. 'lul-,

Xpucroc 0b Xpucra,- <<Hayra u perufufl>, 1960, Nb l,crp. 38-46..Ky6Jrauos M. M., -$Anpaacrcue orKpbLrun u cospeileHHoe 6oeocnoaue,-

(<ts.xerolHlrx ^ly3efl

Hcropr.tll peJ'rrrr{n u arer.r3Ma)>, VI, 1g62, crp.374-397.

.JIeoHuAoe 4., -Hoaote dauuoLe,o npoucxouc\euuu xpucruaHcrea, _ <Co-

_ BpeMejrHbrfi Bocrox>, 19b9, Nb I l, crp. 56_59.Jluguilru f. IvL,^K7lpaHcKue pAoonucu u ix, ucropuqecKoe oHaqeHue,

MHscx, 1959. 8l cro.ilerqepcruft H. A.,, Haxo)ku u dorcynenrot Kg,upaua (uoaoLe n4arepuartbtK Bonpocq_ o npoucxorodeuuu paHHeeo xpucruaHcrBa), _ <Vqenne

3anl.rcKl,r K-a-p_e"rrcxoro neaaroffiqecKofo lr'crlrryrau, t.'XII, n;;ir;:3aBoacK, I961, crp. 39-59.

Ileur.epcxuii H. A., caddot nari,nrHu,oa Kyupaua a crapocraaflHcKoti uo_peoHepAccKoil nureparApe (K usyueuurc cnalrHcKux eepcud KHueuEuoxa), - <Tpyau1963, crp. 130-l4t:Atnu

apeBHepyccKoft rl'rreparypbl>' XIX' M''Meutepcxnfi H. A., ( ucropuu reKcra cJ/taanucrcort rcuueu Enoxa. (Cne-

1ot nausruurcos KTtipaua e ausauruilcrcoti u crapocaaanacKoti ./ru-repar^g.pe),,,-<BHeaHrlifrcKur? Bpelrenuux>, i. XXIV, iSOa,crp. 9l-108.

Heuaponl:rufi A., Caurrcu Mepreozo jlopn, -<llo4telr>>, Bopone>x, 19b9,Nb 3, crp. 64-69.

'<<couNanrgo-noruruqecxre r lraeoJlorrqecriHe reqeHHq no3aHero gJrJrLrHrr3-Ma no AaHHbrM KyMpagcKr.rx pyronucefr n coo6ulesusm aHTr.rqnblx aB-poB> (nepeBoabr c , npmr.'-14. [. AlrycnHa, K. E. Crapxonoii,JL X. Bu,rrcxepa.. a-M. M. Ennaapbnofi), _e KH. ..Xp.crorlJ'1"-iiJ

^ Hcropt4t4 apearefr fpequr>, M., I964, pauen XIil.

'UrapKoBa -K. -tj., yAKonucu_us otfpecrHocrert Mepreoeo ilopa, _ BnU,

1956, Nb l, crp. B7-rc2.'Crapxona K. 8., Hoean lllrepqrApa o pAKonucnx uB oKpecrHocreri Melt-^ rooz-g (op7:- B4H, 1958, Jrlb l. mp. 196_211.LTapKoBa_ I\. b., ycra6 d./tn^6ceeo 9lulecraa Hspautn B KoHeqHbrc duu,__ nC, nun. 4(67), 1959, mp. lZ-72.Crapxopa K. 8., LononHeHun'K <Ucraeg> xgupancrcoil o6t4uu61 (nepe-

eod rerccra u npuileqaHun), - nC, ebrn.-S ' (OAt,- i-gOO, 'iri." Z\_JS|.

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Находки у Мёртвого моря / Амусин И.Д. (1964)

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