Naju

8/12/2019 Naju

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/naju 1/29

Airborn internet 2014

ABSTRACT

The word on just about every Internet user's lips these days is "broadband."

We have so much more data to send and download today, including audio

files, video files and photos, that it's clogging our wimpy modems.

Networs using high!altitude aircraft will also have a cost

advantage over satellites because the aircraft can be deployed easily !! they

don't have to be launched into space. owever, the airborne Internet will

actually be used to compliment the satellite and ground!based net

wors, eplace them. These not rairborne networs will overcome the last!

mile barriers facing conventional Internet access options. The "last mile"

refers to the fact that access to high!speed cables still depends on physical

pro#imity, and that for this reason, not everyone who wants access can have

it. It would tae a lot of time to provide universal access using cable or

phone lines, just because of the time it taes to install the wires. $n

airborne networ will immediately overcome the last mile as soon as the

aircraft taes off.

%

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/category-internet.htm


8/12/2019 Naju



CONDANCE

INRODUCTION

BACK GROUND

HELO NETWORK

HELONETWORKARCHITECTURE

.

HELOTM AIRCRAFT

APPLICATIONS

FUTURE PLANTS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

&

8/12/2019 Naju



INTRODUCTION TO AIRBORNE INTERNET

word on just about every Internet user's lips these days is

"broadband The." We have so much more data to send and download today,

including audio files, video files and photos, that it's clogging our wimpymodems. There's a new type of service being developed that will tae

broadband into the air.

The communication payload of $( aircraft is at the ape# of a

wireless super!metropolitan area networ. The lins are wireless,

broadband and line of sight. )ubscribers access service on demand and will

be able to e#change video, high!resolution images, and large data files.

Information addressed to non!subscribers or to recipients beyond the

regions served by the $( networ will be routed through the dedicated

$( *ateway connected to the public switched networ or via business

premise e+uipment owned and operated by service providers connected to

the public networs

.

$ngel hoto courtesy $ngel Technologies

-



8/12/2019 Naju



This diagram shows how the $( Networ will enable a high!speed

wireless Internet connection

$t least three companies are planning to provide high!speed wireless

Internet connection by placing aircraft in fi#ed patterns over hundreds of

cities. $ngel Technologies is planning an airborne Internet networ, called

High Altitue L!ng O"er#ti!n $(/, which would use lightweight

planes to circle overhead and provide data delivery faster than a T% line for

businesses. 0onsumers would get a connection comparable to 1). $lso,

$ero2ironment has teamed up with N$)$ on a solar!powered, unmanned

plane that would wor lie the $( networ, and )y )tation

International is planning a similar venture using blimps instead of planes.

The computer most people use comes with a standard 345 modem,

which means that in an ideal situation your computer would downstream at

a rate of 34 ilobits per second 5bps/. That speed is far too slow to handle

the huge streaming!video and music files that more consumers are

demanding today. That's where the need for bigger bandwidth -- broadband --

comes in, allowing a greater amount of data to flow to and from your computer.

Land-based lines are limited physically in how much data they can deliver

because of the diameter of the cable or phone line. In an airborne Internet, there

is no such physical limitation, enabling a broader capacity.

6

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=airborne-internet.htm&url=http://www.broadband.com

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/question372.htm

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=airborne-internet.htm&url=http://www.aerovironment.com/area-telecom/telecom.html

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=airborne-internet.htm&url=http://www.nasa.gov

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=airborne-internet.htm&url=http://www.skystation.com/


http://computer.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=airborne-internet.htm&url=http://www.broadband.com


http://computer.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=airborne-internet.htm&url=http://www.aerovironment.com/area-telecom/telecom.html

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=airborne-internet.htm&url=http://www.nasa.gov



8/12/2019 Naju



)everal companies have already shown that satellite Internet access can wor.

The airborne Internet will function much lie satellite!based Internet access, but without

the time delay. 7andwidth of satellite and airborne Internet access are typically the

same, but it will tae less time for the airborne Internet to relay data because it is not as

high up. )atellites orbit at several hundreds of miles above 8arth. The airborne!Internet

aircraft will circle overhead at an altitude of 3&,999 to 4:,999 feet %3,;6: to &%,9-%

meters/. $t this altitude, the aircraft will be undisturbed by inclement weather and flying

well above commercial air traffic.

Networs using high!altitude aircraft will also have a cost advantage over

satellites because the aircraft can be deployed easily !! they don't have to be launched

into space. owever, the airborne Internet will actually be used to compliment the

satellite and ground!based networs, eplace them. These not rairborne networs will

overcome the last!mile barriers facing conventional Internet access options. The "last

mile" refers to the fact that access to high!speed cables still depends on physical

pro#imity, and that for this reason, not everyone who wants access can have it. It would

tae a lot of time to provide universal access using cable or phone lines, just because of

the time it taes to install the wires. $n airborne networ will immediately overcome the

last mile as soon as the aircraft taes off.

The airborne Internet won't be completely $irele%%. There will be ground!based

components to any type of airborne Internet networ. The consumers will have to install

an antenna on their home or business in order to receive signals from the networ hub

overhead. The networs will also wor with established Internet )ervice roviders

I)s/, who will provide their high!capacity terminals for use by the networ. These

I)s have a fiber point of presence their fiber optics are already set up. What the

3



8/12/2019 Naju



airborne Internet will do is provide an infrastructure that can reach areas that don't have

broadband cables and wires.

4

8/12/2019 Naju



BACKGROUND

*iven the lac of infrastructure to support the current and projected demands for

broadband data communication, an intense race has begun to deploy broadband

networs. To satisfy businesses and consumers, Internet )ervice providers "I)s"/ are

the majors in delivering internet access service.

Today the access service is provided by five types of competitors<

• National I)s e.g. $(, 0ompu)erve, =icrosoft Networ, 2)N/

• >egional 7ell (perating 0ompanies ">7(0s"/

• Independent ocal/ I)s

• 0able (perators

• Wire service providers )atellites, or terrestrial wireless via millimeter waves at

the LMDS and -; *? bands, wireless local loop at the 0) bands, or pacet

relay at ISM /

$bout @9 percent of homes occupied by customers are being served by large

national I)s. The remaining -9 percent of customer's homes are being served by local

I)s that range in si?e from hundreds to tens of thousands of customers. =ost

consumers are utili?ing &:A;.; 5bps dial!up modems, and a small percent have already

migrated to 34 5bps modems. =ost businesses are utili?ing 1)!% connections

%.366=bps/.

@

8/12/2019 Naju



The L!&#l ISP

The local I)s are perhaps the most entrepreneurial and fastest growing segment

of the maret, e#panding at rates approaching @3 percent per year. In order to maintain

this rapid rate of growth in the face of new competition from the >7(s and the cable

companies, these local I)s are an#ious to adopt new technologies that will allow them

to differentiate their services.

The local I)s thin they will be re+uired to provide megabit per second rates to

homes and business in order to survive. owever, they are precluded from using the

cable infrastructure as cable companies are viable competitors to them. )imilarly, the

>7(0s plan to offer high!speed Internet access through 1igital )ubscriber line "1)"/

services and may also compete directly with the local I)s. Whereas, the $(

Networ will allow the I)s to offer distance!insensitive connections within the $(

Networ service area, bypassing the ocal 8#change 0arriers and Interchange 0arriers,

to substantially reduce their cost of service.

0able operators are facing a significant threat from direct broadcast satellite

companies and wireless cable companies. With the advent of cable modems, the cable

T2 companies see a new opportunity in two way data communication. $lthough this

would appear to be an e#cellent diversification strategy, there are technical challenges

affecting the delivery of an effective two way broadband service.

;

8/12/2019 Naju



HALO NETWORK

O'er#ll C!n&e"t

The attributes of the $(B Networ are illustrated in the fig. below. =any

types of subscribers will benefit from the low price of $(B Networ broadband

services schools, families, hospitals, doctor's offices, and small to medium si?e

businesses. The e+uipment will connect to e#isting networ and telecommunications

e+uipment using standard broadband protocols such as $T= and )(N8T. The

$(B *ateway provides access to the ublic )witched Telephone Networ )TN/

and to the internet bacbone for such services as the World Wide Web and electronic

commerce.

:

8/12/2019 Naju



Ke( Fe#ture%

The ey features the $(B Networ are summari?ed below

• )eamless ubi+uitous multimedia services

• $daptation to end user environments

• 8nhanced user connectivity globally

• >apidly deployable to sites of opportunity

• )ecure and reliable information transactions

• 7andwidth on demand provides efficient use of available spectrum

Ser'i&e Attri)ute%

There are various classes of service to be provided .$ consumer service would

provide %!3 =bps communication lins. $ business service would provides 3!%&.3

=bps lins .)ince the lins would be "bandwidth!on!demand," the total available

spectrum would be time!shared between the various active sessions. The nominal data

rates would be low while the pea rates would e#pand to a specified level. $ gateway

service can be provided for "dedicated" lins of &3!%33 =bps. 7ased on the =1)

spectrum and 3!fold reuse, the service capacity would be %9999 to @3999 simultaneously

, symmetrical T% circuits %.3 =bps/ per communication payload. The $( $ircraft

would provide urban and rural coverage from a single platform to provide service to<

%9

8/12/2019 Naju



• %99!@39999 subscribers

• 69!49 mile diameter service area %&39 to &;99 s+uare miles/

Net$!r* A&&e%%

2arious methods for providing access to the users on the ground are feasible. The

figure below shows one approach where each spot beam from the payload antenna

serves a single "cell" on the ground in a fre+uency!division multiple# fashion with 3 to %

fre+uency reuse, four for subscriber units and the fifth for gateways to the public

networ and to high rate subscribers. (ther reuse factors such as @<% and :<% are

possible. 2arious networ access approaches are being e#plored.

%%

8/12/2019 Naju



0ell 0overage by Cre+uency 1ivision =ultiple#ing using )pot 7eams

Networ )ervices

The $(B mode provides a multitude of connectivity options as shown below.

It can be used to connect physically separated ocal $rea Networs $Ns/ within a

corporate intranet through frame relay adaptation or directly though $N bridgers and

routers. (r it can provide video conference lins through standard I)1N or T% interface

hardware. The $(B Networ may use standard )(N8T and $T= protocols and

e+uipment to tae advantage of the wide availability of these components.

%&

8/12/2019 Naju



HALO+ NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

Net$!r* Ele,ent%

The major elements of the $(B Networ are shown below. The $(B

Networ interfaces to the ublic )witched Telephone Networ )TN/ and to the

Internet bacbone through the $(B *ateway. (n the subscriber side, the $(B

Networ provides connectivity to local networ provides connectivity to local networs

of various inds.

%-

8/12/2019 Naju



The $(B Networ $rchitecture

Net$!r* Ar&hite&ture

$t the ape# of a wireless 0one of 0ommerce, the payload of the $(B

$ircraft becomes the hub of a star topology networ for routing data pacets between

any two subscribers possessing premise e+uipment within the service coverage area. $

single hope with only two lins is re+uired, each lin connecting the payload to the

subscriber. The lins are wireless, broadband and line of sight.

Information created outside service area is delivered to the subscriber's

consumer premise e+uipment "08"/ through business premise e+uipment "78"/

operated by Internet )ervice roviders "I)s"/ or content providers within that region,

and through the $(B *ateway "*"/ e+uipment directly connected to distant

metropolitan areas via leased truns. The * is a portal serving the entire networ.

It avails system!wide access to content providers and it allows any subscriber to

e#tend their communications beyond the $(B Networ service area by connecting

them to dedicated long!distance lines such as inter! metro optical fiber.

The HALO+ Net$!r*

The 08, 78 and * all perform the same functionsD use a high gain antenna

that automatically tracs the $(B $ircraftD e#tract modulated signals conveyed

%6

8/12/2019 Naju



through the air by millimeter wavesD convert the e#tracted signals to digital dataD provide

standards!based data communications interfaces, and route the digital data to

information appliances, personal computers, and worstations connected to the premise

e+uipment. Thus, some of the technologies and components, both hardware and

software, will be common to the designs of these three basic networ elements.

The 08, 78 and * differ in si?e, comple#ity and cost, ranging from the 08

which is the smallest, least comple# ,lowest priced and will be e#pressively built for the

mas maretD followed by the 78, engineered for a medium si?e business to provide

access to multiple telecommuters by e#tending the corporate data communications

networD to the * which provides high bandwidth wireless data truning to Wide $rea

Networ "W$Ns"/ maintained and operated by the long distance carriers and content

handlers who wish to distribute their products widely.

In other words the 08 is a personal gateway serving the consumer. The 78 is a

gateway for the business re+uiring higher data rates. The *, as a major element of the

entire networ, will be engineered to serve reliably as a critical networ element. $ll of

these elements are being demonstrated in related forms by terrestrial -; *? and =1)

vendors. $ngel will solicit the participation of ey component suppliers for adapting

their technologies to the $(B Networ. $s with all wireless millimeter wave lins,

high rainfall rates can reduce the effective data throughput of the lin to a given

subscriber.

$ngel plans to ensure ma#imum data rates more than ::.@E of the time, reduced

data rates above an acceptable minimum more than ::.:E of the time and to limit

%3

8/12/2019 Naju



outages to small areas due to the interception of the signal path by very dense rain

columns/ less than 9.%E of the time $ngel plans to locate the * close to $( B

orbit center to reduce the slant range from its high gain antenna to the aircraft and hence

its signal path length through heavy rainfall.

Fiel !- ie$

$ngel assumes the "minimum loo angle" i.e., the elevation angle above the

local hori?on to the furthest point on the orbit as seen by the antenna of the premise

e+uipment/ is generally higher than &9 degrees. This value corresponds to subscribers at

the perimeter of the service footprint. In contrast, cellular telephone designers assume

that the line of sight from a customer to the antenna on the nearest base station is less

than % degree. $ngel chose such a high loo angle to ensure that the antenna of each

subscriber's premise e+uipment will very liely have access to a solid angle swept by the

circling $(B $ircraft free of dense objects, and to ensure high availability of the

service during heavy rainfall to all subscribers.

The high loo angle also allows the sharing of this spectrum with ground!based

wireless networs since usually high!gain, narrow beams are used and the antenna

beams of the $(B and ground!based networs will be separated in angle far enough

to ensure a high degree of signal isolation.

%4

8/12/2019 Naju



%@

8/12/2019 Naju



$(B $ircraft Cield of 2iew

%;

8/12/2019 Naju



ALO+ AIRCRAFT

The $(B $ircraft is under development and flight testing is e#pected to

occur by mid!%::;. The aircraft has been specially designed for the $(B Networ

with the 0ommunications ayload od suspended from the underbelly of its fuselage.

$(B $ircraft with )uspended 0ommunications ayload

The $(B $ircraft will fly above the metropolitan center in a circular orbit of

five to eight nautical miles diameter. The 0ommunications ayload od is mounted to a

pylon under the fuselage. $s the aircraft varies its roll angle to fly in the circular orbit,

the 0ommunications ayload od will pivot on the pylon to remain level with the

ground.

%:

8/12/2019 Naju



Pre,i%e E/ui",ent

$ bloc diagram describing the 08 and 78/ is shown below. It entails three

major sub!groups of hardware< The >C Fnit >F/ which contains the ==W $ntenna

and ==W TransceiverD the Networ Interface Fnit NIF/D and the application terminals

such as 0s, telephones, video servers, video terminals, etc. The >F consists of a small

dual!feed antenna and ==W transmitter and receiver which is mounted to the antenna.

$n antenna tracing unit uses a pilot tone transmitted from the 0ommunications

ayload to point the antenna toward the airborne platform.

The ==W transmitter accepts an !band :39 ! %:39 =?/ IC input signal

from the NIF, translates it to ==W fre+uencies, amplifies the signal using a power

amplifier to a transmit power level of %99 ! 399 mW of power and feeds the antenna.

The ==W receiver couples the received signal from the antenna to a ow Noise

$mplifier N$/, down converts the signal to an !band IC and provides subse+uent

amplification and processing before outputting the signal to the NIF. $lthough the

==W transceiver is broadband, it typically will only process a single 69 =? channel

at any one time. The particular channel and fre+uency is determined by the NIF.

The subscriber e+uipment can be readily developed by adapting from e#isting

e+uipment for broadband services.

&9

8/12/2019 Naju



Cunctional 7loc 1iagram of the )ubscriber 8+uipment

The NIF interfaces to the >F via a coa# pair which transmits the !band TG and

>G signals between the NIF and the >F. The NIF comprises an !band tuner and down

converter, a high!speed up to 49 =bps/ demodulator, a high!speed modulator,

multiple#ers and demultiple#ers, and data, telephony and video interface electronics.

8ach user terminal will provide access to data at rates up to 3%.;6 =bps each way. In

some applications, some of this bandwidth may be used to incorporate spread spectrum

coding to improve performance against interference in this case, the user information

rate would be reduced/.

The NIF e+uipment can be identical to that already developed for =1) and

other broadband services. This reduces the cost of the $(B Networ services to the

consumer since there would be minimal cost to adapt the =1) e+uipment to this

application and we could tae advantage of the high volume e#pected in the other

services. $lso, the $(B >F can be very close in functionality to the >F in the other

&%

8/12/2019 Naju



services lie =1)/ since the primary difference is the need for a tracing function for

the antenna. The electronics for the >C data signal would be identical if the same

fre+uency band is utili?ed.

E#%e !- in%t#ll#ti!n

$ngel has designed the $( Networ and the consumer premise e+uipment

08/ to ensure ease of installation by the consumer. The 08, whether delivered or

purchased through a retailer, is designed for rapid installation and ease of use. The

antenna is self!pointing and is mounted on an outside area offering clear view of the

$(B $ircraft.

&&

8/12/2019 Naju



APPLICATIONS

The ultimate bacend platform for wireless, $irborne is a seamless, turney solution the

management and distribution of content of micro!8ntertainment networs

$irborne seamlessly handles<

• Fser!friendly, web!based interface

• )upport for te#t, voice, image and multimedia files

• 0lient!specific content scheduling and menu generation

• =obile device recognition and optimi?ation

• =ultilingual content

• 8#tensive usage and analytical reporting

• 8ditorial tools

&-

8/12/2019 Naju



FUTURE PLANS

NASA0% Su)1%"#&e Pl#n%

Not to be left out of the high!flying Internet industry, N$)$ is also playing a

role in a potential airborne Internet system being developed by $ero2ironment. N$)$

and $ero2ironment are woring on a solar!powered, lightweight plane that could fly

over a city for si# months or more, at 49,999 feet, without landing. $ero2ironment

plans to use these unmanned planes as the carrier to provide broadband Internet access.

&6

8/12/2019 Naju



The elios aircraft will be e+uipped with telecommunications e+uipment and stay

airborne for si# months straight.

elios is currently in the prototype stage, and there is still a lot of testing to

be done to achieve the endurance levels needed for $ero2ironment's

telecommunications system. $ero2ironment plans to launch its system within three

years of receiving funding for the project. When it does, a single elios airplane

flying at 49,999 feet will cover a service area appro#imately 69 miles in diameter.

Heli!% Air&r#-t

Weight &,96; pounds :&: g/

&3

8/12/2019 Naju



Wing%"#n &6@ ft @3.- m/

Length %& ft -.@ m/

Wing Are# %,:@4 s+uare ft %;-.4 m&

/

Pr!"ul%i!n

%6 brushless, &!horsepower,

direct!current electric motors

R#nge

% to - hours in prototype tests

4 months when fully operational

S"ee %: to &3 mph -9.4 to 69.& ph/

The elios prototype is constructed out of materials such as carbon fiber,

graphite epo#y, 5evlar and )tyrofoam, covered with a thin, transparent sin. The main

pole supporting the wing is made out of carbon fiber, and is thicer on the top than on

the bottom in order to absorb the constant bending during flight. The wing's ribs are

made of epo#y and carbon fiber. )tyrofoam comprises the wing's front edge, and a clear,

plastic film is wrapped around the entire wing body.

The all!wing plane is divided into si# sections, each 6% ft %&.3 m/ long. $ pod

carrying the landing gear is attached under the wing portion of each section. These pods

also house the batteries, flight!control computers and data instrumentation. Networ

hubs for $ero2ironment's telecommunications system would liely be placed here as

well.

It seems that airborne Internet could tae off in the very near future. If and when

those planes and blimps start circling to supplement our current modes of connection,

downloading the massive files we've come to crave for entertainment or depend on for

business purposes will be a snap !! even if we live somewhere in that "last mile."

&4

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/motor.htm


http://computer.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm


http://computer.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm

8/12/2019 Naju



ADANTAGES

Fni+ue feature of these solar!electric air!craft that mae then appealing

platforms for telecommunications applications include<

• ong flight durations up to 4 months or more.

• =inimal maintenance cost due to few moving parts.

• igh levels of redundancy e. g. aircraft could lose multiple motors and still

maintain station and land safely ! most failure modes do not re+uire

immediate response by ground operator/

• ighly autonomous controls which enable one ground operator to control

multiple aircraft.

• Fse of solar energy to minimi?e fuel costs.

• Tight turn radius which maes platform appear geostationary from ground

e+uipment perspective i. e. enables use of stationary antennas/ and enables

multiple aircraft to serve same area using same fre+uency spectrum.

CONCLUSION

Cinally I conclude that the $( aircraft can be thought of as a very tall

tower or very low altitude satellite. 0ontracted to terrestrial broadband networs, the

$( Networ offers ubi+uitous, anyone!to!anyone broadband linages throughout

&@

8/12/2019 Naju



the footprint. $( networs can be introduced to highly promising marets

around the world on a selective basis. "0ontinuous improvement" is a significant

attribute of the $( networ. It enables $ngel to meet the increasing e#pectations

of present customers, and to open new marets re+uiring lesser capability by re!

assigning earlier!generation hubs.

REFERENCES

%. $I>7(>N8 INT8>N8T Techpapers from $N*8 Technologies td./

&. www.angelhalo.com

-. www.airborne.com

&;

8/12/2019 Naju



6. www.nasa.gov

3. www.aerovironment.com

Naju

Documents