Nad710 Introduction To Networks Using Linux

NAD710 - Introduction to Networks Using Linux  

Course Overview

May 28, 2003Professor Tom Mavroidis

Course Text

TCP/IP Network Administration, 3rd Edition

By Craig HuntThird Edition April 2002 0-596-00297-1,

Order Number: 2971

746 pages,

$69.95 CA

Introduction

Never has there been such dramatic changes to the business world as we have seen in the 1990’s with e-business and the Internet.

Architecture of the Internet

Overview of the Internet. Slide from : Computer Networks, Fourth Edition Andrew S. Tanenbaum

Ethernet

Architecture of the original Ethernet.

Slide from : Computer Networks, Fourth Edition Andrew S. Tanenbaum

Search Engines

The role played by Internet has forced companies to get connected to stay relevant so they may compete in today's fast moving markets.

Uses of Computer Networks

• Business Applications• Home Applications• Mobile Users• Social Issues

Slide from : Computer Networks, Fourth Edition Andrew S. Tanenbaum

How was the Internet Built?

In the 60’s and 70’s there were many different networks, protocols and implementations.

Sharing of information among these dissimilar networks soon became a problem.

A common protocol needed to be developed.

Historical Maps of ARPANET

Paul Baran in the 1960s envisioned a communications network that would survive a major enemy attacked. The sketch shows three different network topologies described in his RAND Memorandum, "On Distributed Communications: 1. Introduction to Distributed Communications Network" (August 1964). The distributed network structured offered the best survivability.

A rough sketch map of the possible topology of ARPANET by Larry Roberts

Dr. Lawrence Roberts led the team that designed and developed ARPANET, the world's first major computer packet network. Dr. Roberts, as ARPA's chief scientist, began to architect ARPANET in 1967 influenced by the theoretical packet switching work by Leonard Kleinrock. This research network evolved into the modern Internet.

DARPA

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency funded the exploration of this common protocol.

The TCP/IP protocol suite evolved from the ARPANET protocol suite where the fundamental concept of layering was introduced.

Backbone Protocol

TCP/IP became the backbone protocol of multivendor networks such as ARPANET, NFSNET and other regional networks.

TCP/IP’s Objective

On the battlefield a communications network that sustains damage should be robust enough to automatically recover from any node or phone line failure

A Suite is Born

The protocol suite became popular when it was integrated into the University of California at Berkeley’s UNIX operating system.

TCP/IP- Goodbye proprietary networks

TCP/IP provides the ability to merge different physical networks using a common suite of functions and interoperability between equipment.

TCP/IP Layer Model

When networks first came into being, computer could typically communicate only with computers from the same manufacturer. In the late 1970s, the OSI (Open System Interconnection) model was created by the International Organization for Standardization to break this barrier. The OSI model was meant to help the vendors to create the standard network devices.The OSI model is the Primary architectural model for networks. It describes how data and network information are communicated from application on one computer, through the network media, to an application on another computer. The OSI reference model breaks this approach into Layers.

TCP/IP Layer Model 7 layer OSI model 4 layer DOD model Microsoft’s model

TCP/IP - The need for standards

Gain an understanding of: the OSI and DOD Layer models the 802.x standards

Why standards play such an important role in the growth of the Internet

RFC’s

What are they?The Requests for Comments (RFC)

document series is a set of technical and organizational notes about the Internet (orginally the ARPANET), beginning in 1969. Memos in the RFC series discuss many aspects of computer networking, including protocols, procedures, programs, and concepts, as well as meeting notes, opinions, and sometimes humor

Planning for growth

Selecting the right class for your network

What is CIDR routingPlanning for IPV6 Use private addresses to protect

your network

Subject Goals

Gain an understanding of how Linux fits into today’s networked world

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Linux

Learn when a Linux solution is right Install and administer the latest in

Linux applications for resource sharing

Governing Agencies

ICANN The Internet Corporationfor Assigned Names and Numbers

IANA Internet Assigned Numbers authority

IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IEEE 802 Specification

The IEEE is a non-profit, technical professional association of more than 377,000 individual members in 150 countries who produces 30 percent of the world's published literature in electrical engineering, computers and control technology. They have defined the following specification

802.1 Internetworking802.2 Logical Link Control802.3 Ethernet CSMA/CD ****802.4 Token bus802.5 Token ring ****802.6 MAN802.7 Broadband802.8 Fiber optic802.9 Integrated Voice/Data802.10 Security802.11 Wireless802.12 Demand Priority Access

Gain an understanding of :

Network InterfacesIP AddressesAddress ResolutionIP RoutingICMPResolving Host Names

You will learn the differences between:

Mac addressIP addressSubnet masksPrivate Addresses Public Addresses Unless you already know the difference in which case you will

review it

Learn Common Linux Network Commands

ifconfig netstat ping traceroute nslookup routedig

Configuring Network Hardware

Kernel Configuration

Linux network devicesSetup EthernetInstall loadable kernel modules

Configuring TCP/IP Networking

Setting the HostnameAssigning IP addresses staticallyAutomatically receiving an address

(DHCP)Subnet masks - what are they and

what do they do?Dividing networks using Subnets

ARP and RARP

The address resolution protocol

How does a machine communicate within the subnet?

When do we need to route using a Layer 3 Protocol?

DNS

Setting up name services (BINDx)How does it resolve names to

addresses and vice-versaYou will setup your machine with the

name service running

Setting up a DNS Nameserver

When you need a nameserverWhy you may prefer to use your

ISP’s DNSConfiguration files

/etc/hosts /etc/resolv.conf

NFS Network File System

Preparing NFSMounting an NFS volumeThe NFS daemonsThe exports file nfsd and mountd exports fileUser vs. Kernel NFS

Connecting Windows to Linux

Samba is an Open Source/Free Software suite that provides seamless file and print services to SMB/CIFS clients

We will discuss and install samba on our machines

Bridges, Routers and Switches

Which device should be used to address a specific design goal?

What the differences are with each of these devices?

Why the layered model approach helps speed up the process required to bring products to market.

Routing and Switching

How does it differ?What devices do we use to

accomplish the task.

Routing Protocols

How information is passed between routers

How they can protect networks or if incorrectly installed expose them

Discuss RIP (routing information protocol) and OSPF (open shortest path first)

Bridging Protocols

Operates at Layer 2 of the OSI modelSmart bridges, allow some form of

intelligence at Layer 3Spanning-Tree Protocol is a link

management protocol that provides path redundancy while preventing undesirable loops in the network.

Network monitoring and Discovery tools

Ethereal - view the packets in real time

Nmap - port scannerNpulse - front end for nmapYou will install and run these

applications on your machines

Installing Networking Hardware

The Physical Install, PCI, ISA, USBDriversKernel ModulesHow is it probed?

Configuring a TCP/IP Network

Assigning IP addresses static (when is it necessary) dhcp (when is it perferable)

Connecting the machines Network configuration Testing/Debugging the network

Wireless LANs - The Future of Networking

(a) Wireless networking with a base station. (b) Ad hoc networking.

Slide from : Computer Networks, Fourth Edition Andrew S. Tanenbaum

Marking

Midterm Test 30%Term Assignments/Labs 30%Final Exam 40%