n What is an Urban Settlement? n The Distribution of Major Cities in the World n Urbanization and Urban Growth n How does the urban growth?

What is an Urban What is an Urban Settlement?Settlement?

The Distribution of Major The Distribution of Major Cities in the WorldCities in the World

Urbanization and Urban Urbanization and Urban GrowthGrowth

How does the urban How does the urban growth?growth?

An Urban Place is …...

An Urban Place is An Urban Place is . . . .. . . .

The Distribution of Major CitiesThe Distribution of Major Citiesin the Worldin the World

TokyoNew York

Sao Paulo

Bombay

Hong Kong

Spatial Distribution of Spatial Distribution of World CitiesWorld Cities

along the coast / route along the coast / route focusfocus

mainly in the N. mainly in the N. HemisphereHemisphere

mainly between 10mainly between 1000N N and 60and 6000NNNEW

YORK

Conurbation and Conurbation and MegalopolisMegalopolis

Some Conurbation and Some Conurbation and Megalopolises in the WorldMegalopolises in the World

Urbanization is definedUrbanization is defined

as the as the process process by anby an

increasing proportionincreasing proportion ofof

a country’s population a country’s population lives in urban areas.lives in urban areas.

UrbanizationUrbanization

Urban growth means theUrban growth means the

increase in the numberincrease in the number,,

but not the necessary thebut not the necessary the

proportion, of urbanproportion, of urban

dwellers in a country.dwellers in a country.

Urban GrowthUrban Growth

The Proportion of World The Proportion of World Population Living in Urban AreasPopulation Living in Urban Areas

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

World MDC LDC

1950

1970

1990

2020 Estimate

How does How does Urbanization take Urbanization take

place ?place ?

(1) Natural Growth of Urban (1) Natural Growth of Urban PopulationPopulation

Birth Rate - Death Rate

(2) Rural-Urban Migration(2) Rural-Urban Migration

Push FactorsPush Factors

People leave their old People leave their old home rural area because home rural area because

of....of....

No spare land to get a farm!No spare land to get a farm! No jobs available!No jobs available! Poor and inadequate facilities!Poor and inadequate facilities! Boring life!Boring life!

Low Living Standard! Poor living Condition! Overpopulation! Less Provision of Education!

Pull FactorsPull Factors

People are attracted to People are attracted to cities because of....cities because of....

Easy to get a job!Easy to get a job! Better living conditions!Better living conditions! Better facilities!Better facilities! More entertainment !More entertainment !

Improved Communication! High and Stable Income! More Provision of Education! Industrialization!

How does the urban grow and

expand? Two types of expansion: 1. Horizontal

- (urban sprawl) 2. Vertical

- (buildings increase in height)

Process of Urban Process of Urban SprawlSprawl

OvercrowdedOvercrowded Expand Expand

outwardsoutwards Along the main Along the main

roadroad Star shapeStar shape Feeder join to Feeder join to

the main roadthe main road New settlement New settlement

filledfilled

SEA

Urban Land Uses in Urban Land Uses in Hong KongHong Kong

Land Use ModelsLand Use Models Current Development Current Development

of Urban Areas in of Urban Areas in Hong KongHong Kong

Urban Land UsesUrban Land Uses Commercial Land UseCommercial Land Use Residential Land UseResidential Land Use Industrial Land UseIndustrial Land Use Institutional Land UseInstitutional Land Use Recreation Land UseRecreation Land Use Transport Land UseTransport Land Use

Commercial Land Commercial Land UseUse

Central Business Central Business District (CBD)District (CBD)

Examples in Hong Examples in Hong Kong:Kong:

- Central, - Central,

- Tsim Sha Tsui- Tsim Sha Tsui High land rentHigh land rent Good accessibilityGood accessibility High-rise buildingHigh-rise building

Residential Land Residential Land UseUse

High class residential areas

- Mid-levels, Kowloon Tong,

Hong Lok Yuen Middle class residential areas

- Tai Koo Shing, Mei Foo Sun Chuen Low class residential areas

- Tse Wan Shan, Yau Ma Tei

How do we classify the How do we classify the residential area?residential area?

Industrial Land UseIndustrial Land Use Old Industrial Zone

- Tai Kok Tsui,- Sheung Wan

Industries along the waterfront- Kwai Chung, Kwun Tong

New Industrial Zone - Tai Po, Yuen Long, Junk Bay

Industrial Land Use In Hong KongIndustrial Land Use In Hong Kong

What type of industries are the pictures?What type of industries are the pictures?

Institutional Land Institutional Land UseUse

Administrative:Administrative:

- Courts- Courts Cultural and public services:Cultural and public services:

- Schools- Schools Military:Military:

- Barracks- Barracks

Recreation Land Recreation Land UseUse

ParksParks Sport groundSport ground Indoor playgroundIndoor playground Swimming poolSwimming pool

Transport Land Transport Land UseUse

RoadsRoads Car parksCar parks Transport TerminalsTransport Terminals AirportsAirports Container TerminalsContainer Terminals

Distribution of Major Urban Distribution of Major Urban Land Use Zones in a CityLand Use Zones in a City

Concentric ModelConcentric Model

- by E.W. Bugress (1923)- by E.W. Bugress (1923) Sector ModelSector Model

- by H. Hoyt (1939)- by H. Hoyt (1939) Multiple Nuclei ModelMultiple Nuclei Model

- by C.D.Harris and E.L.Ullman (1945)- by C.D.Harris and E.L.Ullman (1945)

Central Business District (CBD)

Wholesale, Light Manufacturing (Zone in Transitional)

Low Class Residential

Middle Class Residential

High Class Residential

Sector Sector ModelModel

Central Business District (CBD)

Wholesale, Light Manufacturing (Zone in Transitional)

Low Class Residential

Middle Class Residential

High Class Residential

Multiple Nuclei Multiple Nuclei ModelModel

CBD

WholesaleLight Manufacturing

L.C.R.

M.C.R.H.C.R.

Heavy Industries

Outlying Business District

Residential Subrub

IndustrialSubrub

Factors Affecting the Factors Affecting the Distribution of Urban Land Distribution of Urban Land

Use ZonesUse Zones

Economic FactorsEconomic Factors

- Competition for the use of urban land- Competition for the use of urban land Institutional FactorsInstitutional Factors

- The role of government- The role of government Historical FactorsHistorical Factors

- Lack of planning, same social groups- Lack of planning, same social groups

Relationship between Bid Rent and Relationship between Bid Rent and Land Use Patterns in a CityLand Use Patterns in a City

Commercial

IndustrialResidential

Current Development of Urban Areas in Hong Kong

Prepared byPrepared by

Humanities UnitHumanities Unit Curriculum Development Institute Curriculum Development Institute

Education DepartmentEducation Department&&

Ng King YeungNg King YeungC.C.C. Kei Yuen CollegeC.C.C. Kei Yuen College