NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET
Apr 01, 2015
NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET
DESKTOP COMPUTING (pp 1-2)
Desktop computers are oftengenerically referred to asPCs or MACs. Regardless ofthe brand name, desktopcomputers have the samecomponents.
Hardware: The physical components of the computer, such as the monitor and base unit.Input Devices: external devices used to enter data and instructions into the computer, such as a keyboard mouse, scanner microphone, digital camera, and flash drives.
Peripheral Devices: externaldevices attached to thecomputer, suchas printers and scanners
Output Devices: devices used to convey useful information processed by the computer, such as monitors, printers, speakers and memory drives
CPU: Central Processing Unit – the“brain” of the computer
operating system software: programsthat run automatically that allow the userto communicate with the computer andthe computer to process data
application software: programswritten to perform specific tasks(word processing, photo editing)
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are input devices used for?to enter data to the computer for processing
What are output devices used for?to display processed data in a useful format
Describe one difference between operating system software and application software.
operating system software runs the computer, application software allows the user to tell the computer to perform specific tasks
MOBILE COMPUTING (pp 2-3)
Bluetooth: wireless technology thatallows mobile computing devices to communicate with one another
notebook computer: portable,lightweight computer with capabilitiesof a typical desktop system
tablet PC: a computer that uses handwriting recognition software to interpret data the user “writes” on the screen with a stylus
handheld computer (PDA): palm-sized computers that are used primarilyfor personal management tasks suchas scheduling, lists, games
Smart phone: cell phones that haveInternet and central processingcapability
wearable computer: computing devices integrated into clothing and wearable accessories
cross-platform connectivity: the ability of different operating systems to communicate with one another
REVIEW QUESTIONS Describe four types of mobile computing
devices.notebook computertablet PChandheld computersmart phonewearable computer
Describe one type of wearable computer.MP3 player integrated into watchescameras integrated into eyewear
Quiz tomorrow!
NETWORKS (pp 3-5)
A network is a combination of hardware and software that allows computers to exchange data and share software and devices.
Businesses, schools and other organizations use networks because:o users can share and exchange datao costs are reduced by sharing deviceso passwords can restrict access to certain
fileso software updates and file backups can
be performed at one locationo private email can be provided for
network users.
LAN: Local Area Network – connectsdevices within a small area such as abuilding or a campus
WAN: Wide Area Network – connectsdevices over a large geographicaldistance
HAN: Home Area Network – connects devices within a home
network architecture: the design of a network that includes computers and devices and how they relate to each other
peer-to-peer network: eachcomputer on the network hasequal sharing capabilities
client/server network: a group of computers that are connected to a single server
clients
server
wireless network : uses high frequency radio waves or infrared signals to transmit data
WiFi: Wireless Fidelity – a protocol for wireless networks
Netiquette: the polite rules forusing a network
do not access the account ofanother user withoutpermission
do not share your password
use appropriate subject matter and language
be considerate of other people’s beliefs and opinions
REVIEW QUESTIONS What does “network architecture” refer to?
the devices that are included in the structure of a network
What are three rules of “netiquette”?do not access the account of another user without permissiondo not share your passworduse appropriate subject matter and languagebe considerate of other people’s beliefs and opinions
Quiz tomorrow!
FILES & FOLDERS (p 6)
A collection of data stored on a memory drive is called a file.A file can be an application program or the
product of an application (a word processor program or a document created with a word processor program)
Each file must have a unique file name.Applications add an extension to the file
name when it is saved. .doc = word processing file.htm = basic HTML document.css = cascading style sheet
Folders are used to organized related files.Each folder must
have a unique file name.
A folder can contain other folders and all types of files.
INTRANETS, EXTRANETS,AND THE INTERNET (p 7)
An intranet is a private network used by a single organization
firewall: network security system that prevents unauthorized access to the network
An extranet allows the public to access a network, such as the district server
The Internet is the largest and most widely accessed network – a world-wide network of computers that is not controlled by any one organization.
IP Address: a unique identifier for a computer or device on a network
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is the difference between an intranet and an extranet?
An intranet is used by a single organization. An extranet can be accessed by the public.
Who controls the Internet?No one person or organization.
TELCOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES (pp 7-8)
Telecommunications is transmitting and receiving of data through a line or cable
conventional modem: uses standard phone lines to convert analog signals to digital; the slowest form of telecommunications
DSL: Digital Subscriber Line – uses standard phone lines with high rates of data transmission
cable modem: transmits data through coaxial cable TV networks
dedicated line: allows a permanent connection to the internet that is always active
ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network – digital network access provided by a phone company
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is the slowest telecommunications option?
conventional modem
Quiz tomorrow!
INTERNET SERVICES (pp 8-10)
Internet services include:World Wide Web - used to search and
access information that is available on the Internet
e-mail - messages transmitted over a communications network
instant messaging - immediate text-based communication
bulletin board services - allows users to participate in discussion groups
The World Wide Web is the most widely used Internet service.
A web browser application provides a graphical interface to present information in the form of web sites.
TYPES OF WEB SITES
Personal Web Sites created by individuals display information about hobbies, pets family
members, etc.
TYPES OF WEB SITES (CONT.)
Commercial Web Sites created by companies and organizations
corporate presence web sites = display information about products and services
e-commerce web sites = sell products and services online
TYPES OF WEB SITES (CONT.)
Informational Web Sites display factual information about a topic created by educational institutions, governments,
and organizations
Media Web Sites created by companies Inform readers about current events and issues;
usually online newspapers and periodicals
Types of Web Sites (cont.)
Portal Web Sites created by businesses a starting point for people to enter the Web contain hyperlinks to a wide range of topics and
access to a search engine.
Types of Web Sites (cont.)
URL (UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR)
Every web page has a URL A URL is an address that is interpreted by a
web browser to identify the location of a page on the web.
The web protocol used for transmission of pages from a server to a web browser.
http://www.earthday.net
top-level domain – identifies the type of web site
domain name
TOP LEVEL DOMAINS
Top-level domains identify the type of web site..gov = government agency.edu = educational institution.org = non profit organization.com = commercial business
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is the most widely used Internet service?
The World Wide Web What is a URL?
the unique address of a web page on the Internet
Identify each part of this URL:
http://www.google.comThe web protocol used for transmission of pages from a server to a web browser.
top-level domain – identifies the type of web site
domain name
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What is one benefit of e-mail over standard mail?
Email is faster than regular mail What is one advantage of sending an instant
message instead of an e-mail?Can be faster than email
Quiz tomorrow!
ASSIGNMENTS
1) Complete Exercise #3 on page 37 in your binder. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Be sure to include your name and class period on your paper.
2) Grab a partner and complete the “Internet Search Skills Activity” handout. You can do it alone if you want.
INTERNET EXPLORER (pp11-15)
title bar: displays the web page title
address bar: displays the URL of the web page
menu bar: displays menus from which you can select commands
favorites bar: allows you to add sites for quick access
status bar: displays information about the web page
scroll bar: drag to bring unseen parts of the page into view
ASSIGNMENT
Complete the Internet Explorer Practice on page 12-15 in your binder
SEARCHING THE WEB (pp 16-17)
search engine: a program that searches databases of web pages for key words
sponsored site results: sites that contain information being searched for, but their owners have paid for them to be listed at first
search criteria: words or phrases that are used to search for web pages
o + (plus sign) or AND – limits a search to only web pages that contain all of the words in the search criteria
insects+arachnids+achatina
insectsANDarachnidsANDachatina
o OR – used to find web pages that contain any words in the search criteria
insectsORarachnidsORachatina
o - (minus sign) or NOT – used to exclude web pages from a search
insects-mosquitoes
insectsNOTmosquitoes
ASSIGNMENTS
1) Complete the “Searching the Web” Practice on page 17 of your binder.
2) Grab a partner and complete the “Search Criteria” Activity handout.
EVALUATING ANDCITING WEB -PAGES (pp 17-19)
When evaluating a web site, ask these questions:Is the site up-to-date?
When was the page last updated?
Is the site biased?Does the information have a slanted view of the topic?
Is the site valid?What is the primary source of the site’s information?Is the primary source trustworthy?
Who is the site’s author?Does that person/organization have the credentials to be a reliable source on the topic?
When citing a web site, use this general format:
Author’s last name, first name, middle initial. Site Title. Access date. Organization name. <URL>.
Specific instructions are included on the “Citing Electronic Resources in MLA Format”
handout.
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are four questions to answer when evaluating a web site?
Is the site up-to-date? Is the site biased? Is the site valid? Who is the site’s author?
REVIEW QUESTIONS
On August 9, 2011 you accessed a posting on the Clewiston Kite Surfing discussion list at http://www.lpdatafiles.com/kitesurf/color.txt. The posting was made by Tara Perez on the topic of kite colors. Write a citation for a research paper that quotes Tara’s posting.
Perez, Tara. Clewiston Kite Surfing. 9 August 2011. < http://www.lpdatafiles.com/kitesurf/
color.txt>
ASSIGNMENTS
1) Complete the “Citing a Website” Practice on pages 18-19
2) Complete Exercise 4 through 6 on page 38
E-MAIL ETIQUETTE (p 21)
spam: junk email
Email Etiquette rules:
o use your manners and polite wordso write in short, complete sentenceso be professional – use correct spelling and
grammaro re-read the message before sendingo send message through your account onlyo use appropriate subject matter and
languageo be considerate of other people’s beliefs
and opinions
INTERNET PRIVACY ISSUES (pp 22-23)
Electronic Communications Privacy Act: makes it a crime to access and/or publish electronic data without permission
Electronic Freedom of Information Act: required government agencies to make information available for pubic inspection online
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act: requires web sites that collect information from children under 13 to obtain parental consent
Safety and Freedom Through Encryption Act: allows American to use any type of encryption to protect their personal information
PATRIOT Act of 2001: allows law enforcement to monitor individual’s internet and email activity
spyware: software that uses the Internet to gather information about users without their knowledge
online profiling: a marketing technique that collects data about users visiting web sites
cookie: a text file created by a server when a user enters information into a web site; it is stored on the user’s computer and accessed every time the site is visited
web beacon/web bug/pixel tag: tiny, hidden graphics on web pages or in emails that collect data about users; monitored by ad agencies
privacy policy: a legally binding document that explains how user’s personal information will be used
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why is ending an email message like sending a post card?
anyone along the path from sender to recipient can read it’s contents
What are three examples of email etiquette?use your manners and polite wordswrite in short, complete sentencesbe professional – use correct spelling and grammarre-read the message before sendingsend message through your account onlyuse appropriate subject matter and languagebe considerate of other people’s beliefs and opinions
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Who usually monitors the information collected by web beacons?
advertising agencies who design targeted ads on the Internet
Quiz tomorrow!
INTERNET ACCEPTEABLE USE POLICY (p 23)
Enforceable rules for using computers and/or the Internet through an organization’s computers:ouse appropriate languageodo not reveal personal addresses or phone numbersodo not access, upload, download, or distribute inappropriate materialsodo not access another user’s accountodo not install or uninstall softwareodo not use organization computers for personal reasons
REVIEW QUESTIONS
Why would a school require an Acceptable Use Policy for students?
You must have an AUP on file with the office
to take this class!
ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER USE (pp 23-24)
identity theft – personal information is stolen and used to make fraudulent purchases or obtain loans
Laws the protect privacy:Fair Credit Reporting Act – gives you the right to see information collected about you for use by credit, insurance, and employment agenciesPrivacy Act – restricts the way personal information can be used by federal agenciesFinancial Privacy Act – requires that government have a subpoena or search warrant to access your financial records
ASSIGNMENTS
1) Complete Exercise 8 on page 39
PROTECTING SOFTWARE AND DATA (pp 24-25)
copyright – the illegal use orreproduction of digital information,images, videos, photos, etc.
No Electronic Theft Act – protect against copyright infringement
piracy – the distribution of illegalcopies of copyrighted files
virus – a program the reproduces itself without the user’s knowledge; can destroy data on computers
trojan horse – a damaging program that appears to be trustworthy; running the program damages a computer
worm – a damaging program the reproduces itself on a network and uses up resources
antivirus program – software that detects and removes damaging programs
hacker/cracker – an individual whogains access to large computer networksto cause vandalism
phishing – sending an email claiming to be a legitimate business to trick a user into providing personal information
REVIEW QUESTIONS
What are two precautions to take to protect yourself from damaging programs?
Use and update antivirus software Don’t open email attachments until
they have been scanned for damaging programs
Quiz tomorrow!
ASSIGNMENTS
1) Complete Exercises 4, 5, and 6 on page 38 and Exercise 12 on page 40