mysemr

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INVISIBILITY TECHNOLOGY USING IMAGE PROCESSING AND OPTICAL

CAMOUFLAGE

CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION

Invisibility is the stte !" n !b#e$t tht $nn!t be seen%Invisibility is !"ten $!nsi&e'e& t! be the

s()'e*e "!'* !" $*!("l+e%

Cl!,in+ is 'ev!l(ti!n'y te$hn!l!+y "!' *,in+ visible thin+s-)e's!ns invisible by (sin+

eithe' 'ti"i$il .*et/*te'ils0 !' invisibility $l!, syste*%

O)ti$l $*!("l+e is ,in& !" $tive $*!("l+e% This i&e is ve'y si*)le%I" y!( )'!#e$t b$,+'!(n& i*+e !n the *s,e& !b#e$t1 y!( $n !bse've the *s,e& !b#e$t #(st

s i" it 2e'e vi't(lly t'ns)'ent%

The $l!, tht enble !)ti$l $*!("l+e t! 2!', is *&e "'!* s)e$il *te'il

,n!2n s 'et'!/'e"le$tive *te'il%

T! $'ete invisibility !' t'ns)'ent ill(si!n 2e nee& vi&e! $*e'1 $!*)(te'1

)'!#e$t!' n& $!*bine'% Alth!(+h !)ti$l is te'* tht te$hni$lly 'e"e's t! ll

"!'*s !" li+ht1 *!st )'!)!se& "!'*s !" !)ti$l $*!("l+e 2!(l& !nly

)'!vi&e invisibility in the visible )!'ti!n !" the s)e$t'(*%

P'!t!ty)e e3*)les n& )'!)!se& &esi+ns !" !)ti$l $*!("l+e &evi$es 'n+e b$, t! the lte

ei+hties t lest1 n& the $!n$e)t be+n t! ))e' in "i$ti!n in the lte nineties%

In 45561 th'ee )'!"ess!'s t Unive'sity !" T!,y! S(s(*( T$hi1 Mshi,! In*i n& N!,i

72,*i $'ete& )'!t!ty)i$l $*!("l+e syste* in 2hi$h vi&e! $*e' t,es sh!t !" the

b$,+'!(n& n& &is)lys it !n $l!th (sin+ n e3te'nl )'!#e$t!'%

The s*e ye' Ti*e *+8ine n*e& it the $!!lest inventi!n !" 4556

In 45591 D(,e Unive'sity $hieve& envel!)in+ n& :&is))e'in+: n !b#e$t in the *i$'!2ve

'n+e (sin+ Met*te'ils

De)'t*ent !" ECE1EPCET P+e1

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CAMOUFLAGE

CHAPTER 2: HOW IT IS DONE

O)ti$l $*!("l+e $n be &!ne (sin+ 4 *eth!&s n*ely ;

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CAMOUFLAGE

A s)e$il1 hl"/silve'e& *i''!' $lle& $!*bine'

Uniqueness of Re!o"Ref#e$ion

A R!(+h s('"$e $'etes &i""(se& 'e"le$ti!n be$(se the in$i&ent

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CAMOUFLAGE

T! (n&e'stn& 2hy this is (ni?(e1 l!!, t h!2 li+ht 'e"le$ts !"" !" !the' ty)es !" s('"$es% A

'!(+h s('"$e $'etes &i""(se& 'e"le$ti!n be$(se the in$i&ent

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CAMOUFLAGE

The $l!, tht enbles !)ti$l $*!("l+e t! 2!', is *&e "'!* s)e$il *te'il ,n!2n

s !e!o"!ef#e$i%e'&e!i%

A 'et'!/'e"le$tive *te'il is $!ve'e& 2ith th!(sn&s n& th!(sn&s !" s*ll be&s% hen

li+ht st'i,es !ne !" these be&s1 the li+ht 'ys b!(n$e b$, e3$tly in the s*e &i'e$ti!n

"'!* 2hi$h they $*e%

T! (n&e'stn& 2hy this is (ni?(e1 l!!, t h!2 li+ht 'e"le$ts !"" !" !the' ty)es !" s('"$es%

A '!(+h s('"$e $'etes &i""(se& 'e"le$ti!n be$(se the in$i&ent

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CAMOUFLAGE

M!vie s$'eens (se& in *!st *!&e'n $!**e'$il thete's ls! t,e &vnt+e !" this

*te'il be$(se it ll!2s "!' hi+h b'illin$e (n&e' &', $!n&iti!ns% In !)ti$l

$*!("l+e1 the (se !" 'et'! 'e"le$tive *te'il is $'iti$l be$(se it $n be seen "'!* "'

2y n& !(tsi&e in b'i+ht s(nli+ht // t2! 'e?(i'e*ents "!' the ill(si!n !" invisibility%

1 i*eo C&'e!& &n* Co'+ue!

i) i*eo C&'e!&

The 'et'!/'e"le$tive +'*ent &!esn>t $t(lly *,e )e's!n invisible // in "$t1 it>s )e'"e$tly

!)?(e% ht the +'*ent &!es is $'ete n ill(si!n !" invisibility by $tin+ li,e *!vie s$'een

!nt! 2hi$h n i*+e "'!* the b$,+'!(n& is )'!#e$te&% C)t('in+ the b$,+'!(n& i*+e 'e?(i'es

vi&e! $*e'1 2hi$h sits behin& the )e's!n 2e'in+ the $l!,% The vi&e! "'!* the $*e' *(st

be in &i+itl "!'*t s! it $n be sent t! $!*)(te' "!' )'!$essin+%

ii) Co'+ue!

All (+*ente&/'elity syste*s 'ely !n )!2e'"(l $!*)(te's t! synthesi8e +')hi$s n& then

s()e'i*)!se the* !n 'el/2!'l& i*+e% F!' !)ti$l $*!("l+e t! 2!',1 the h'&2'e-s!"t2'e

$!*b! *(st t,e the $)t('e& i*+e "'!* the vi&e! $*e'1 $l$(lte the ))'!)'ite

)e's)e$tive t! si*(lte 'elity n& t'ns"!'* the $)t('e& i*+e int! the i*+e tht 2ill be

)'!#e$te& !nt! the 'et'!'e"le$tive

*te'il% This te$hni$ !" i*+e )'!$essin+ is $lle& i*+e bse& 'en&e'in+%

2P!o,e$o! &n* Co'-ine!

i) T.e P!o,e$o!

The *!&i"ie& i*+e )'!&($e& by the $!*)(te' *(st be sh!ne !nt! the +'*ent1 2hi$h $ts li,e

*!vie s$'een% A )'!#e$t!' $$!*)lishes this ts, by shinin+ li+ht be*


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CAMOUFLAGE

th'!(+h n !)enin+ $!nt'!lle& by &evi$e $lle& n i!is *i&+.!&/'% An i'is &i)h'+* is *&e

!" thin1 !)?(e)ltes1 n& t('nin+ 'in+ $hn+es the &i*ete' !" the

$ent'l !)enin+% F!' !)ti$l $*!("l+e t! 2!', )'!)e'ly1 this !)enin+ *(st be the si8e !"

)inh!le% hy This ens('es l'+e' &e)th !" "iel& s! tht the s$'een s eye% This s)e$il

*i''!' is $lle& be* s)litte'1 !' $!*bine' // hl"silve'e& *i''!' tht b!th 'e"le$ts li+ht

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CAMOUFLAGE

hi$h in this $se is the *i''!'%

9% Li+ht 'ys b!(n$in+ !"" !" the $l!, )ss th'!(+h the t'ns)'ent )'t !" the *i''!' n&

"ll !n the (se'>s eyes% Re*e*be' tht the li+ht 'ys b!(n$in+ !"" !" the $l!, $!ntin the

i*+e !" the s$ene tht e3ists behin& the )e's!n 2e'in+ the $l!,% The )e's!n 2e'in+

the $l!, ))e's invisible be$(se the b$,+'!(n& s$ene is bein+ &is)lye& !nt! the

'et'!/'e"le$tive *te'il% At the s*e ti*e1 li+ht 'ys "'!* the 'est !" the 2!'l& 'e

ll!2e& 'e$h the (se'>s eye1 *,in+ it see*s s i" n invisible )e's!n e3ists in n

!the'2ise n!'*l/l!!,in+ 2!'l&%

He&*"'oune* Dis+#&0s

O" $!('se1 *,in+ the !bse've' stn& behin& stti!n'y $!*bine' is n!t ve'y )'+*ti$

// n! (+*ente& 'elity syste* 2!(l& be !" *($h )'$ti$l (se i" the (se' h& t! stn& in

"i3e& l!$ti!n% Tht>s 2hy *!st syste*s 'e?(i'e tht the (se' $''y the $!*)(te' !n his

!' he' )e's!n1 eithe' in b$,)$, !' $li))e& !n the Hi)%


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CAMOUFLAGE

It>s ls! 2hy *!st syste*s t,e &vnt+e !" he&/*!(nte& &is)lys1 !' HMDs1 2hi$h

sse*ble the $!*bine' n& !)ti$s in 2e'ble &evi$e%

The'e 'e t2! ty)es !" HMDs;

O+i$ see".!ou/.&is)lys n& vi&e! see/th'!(+h &is)lys% O)ti$l see th'!(+h

&is)lys l!!, li,e hi+h/te$h +!++les1 s!'t !" li,e

the +!++les Cy$l!)s 2e's in the J/Men $!*i$ b!!,s n&

*!vies% These +!++les )'!vi&e &is)ly n& !)ti$s "!'

e$h eye1 s! the (se' sees the (+*ente& 'elity in ste'e!%

i*eo see".!ou/. *is+#&0s1 !n the !the' hn&1 (se vi&e! *i3in+

te$hn!l!+y t! $!*bine the i*+e "'!* he&/2!'n $*e' 2ith

$!*)(te'/ +ene'te& +')hi$s% In this ''n+e*ent1 vi&e! !" the 'el

2!'l& is *i3e& 2ith synthesi8e& +')hi$s n& then )'esente& !n li?(i& $'ystl

&is)ly% The +'et &vnt+e !" vi&e! see/th'!(+h &is)lys is tht

vi't(l !b#e$ts $n "(lly !bs$('e 'el/2!'l& !b#e$ts n& vi$e ve's%

The s$ientists 2h! hve &evel!)e& !)ti$l/$*!("l+e te$hn!l!+y 'e $(''ently

)e'"e$tin+ v'iti!n !" vi&e! see/th'!(+h &is)ly tht b'in+s t!+ethe' ll !" the $!*)!nents ne$ess'y t! *,e the invisibility $l!, 2!',% They

$ll thei' ))'t(s .e&*"'oune* +!o,e$o!

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CAMOUFLAGE

CHAPTER :

THE COMPETE SYSTEM

On$e )e's!n )(ts !n the $l!, *&e 2ith the 'et'!/'e"le$tive *te'il1 he'e>s the

se?(en$e !" events;

A &i+itl vi&e! $*e' $)t('es the s$ene behin& the )e's!n 2e'in+ the $l!,%

The $!*)(te' )'!$esses the $)t('e& i*+e n& *,es the $l$(lti!ns ne$ess'y t!

(st the still i*+e !' vi&e! s! it 2ill l!!, 'elisti$ 2hen it is )'!#e$te&%

The )'!#e$t!' 'e$eives the enhn$e& i*+e "'!* the $!*)(te' n& shines the i*+e

th'!(+h )inh!le/si8e& !)enin+ !nt! the $!*bine'%


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CAMOUFLAGE

The silve'e& hl" !" the *i''!'1 2hi$h is $!*)letely 'e"le$tive1 b!(n$es the )'!#e$te&

i*+e t!2'& the )e's!n 2e'in+ the $l!,%

The $l!, $ts li,e *!vie s$'een1 'e"le$tin+ li+ht &i'e$tly b$, t! the s!('$e1 2hi$h in

this $se is the *i''!'%

Li+ht 'ys b!(n$in+ !"" !" the $l!, )ss th'!(+h the t'ns)'ent )'t !" the *i''!' n&

"ll !n the (se'>s eyes% Re*e*be' tht the li+ht 'ys b!(n$in+ !"" !" the $l!, $!ntin the

i*+e !" the s$ene tht e3ists behin& the )e's!n 2e'in+ the $l!,%

The )e's!n 2e'in+ the $l!, ))e's invisible be$(se the b$,+'!(n& s$ene is bein+

&is)lye& !nt! the 'et'!/'e"le$tive *te'il% At the s*e ti*e1 li+ht 'ys "'!* the 'est !"

the 2!'l& 'e ll!2e& t! 'e$h the (se'>s eye1 *,in+ it see* s i" n invisible )e's!n

e3ists in n !the'2ise n!'*l/l!!,in+ 2!'l&%

(ii) DUKE METHOD

Rely !n )'!&($t $lle& *et*te'il

Met in G'ee, *ens .bey!n&0

2e ,n!2 Ob#e$ts-livin+ thin+s $n be $lle& VISIBLE !nly 2hen the 'e"le$te& 'ys

"'!* the* 'e$hes h(*n eyes%

T! *,e visible thin+s .invisible0 2e nee& t! $!nsi&e' the l2 !" 'e"le$ti!n !" li+ht

)'!)e'ty1 2hi$h is !btine& by *et*te'ils

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CAMOUFLAGE

It is )!ssible t! &esi+n *et*te'il :$l!,: s! tht it +(i&es li+ht '!(n& s!*e 'e+i!n1

'en&e'in+ it invisible !ve' $e'tin bn& !" 2velen+ths%

The D(,e te* (se& *et*te'ils t! *,e thei' $l!,in+ &evi$e hve +'&(lly v'yin+

'e"'$tive in&i$es / "'!* @ !n the !(tsi&e !" the &evi$e1 &e$'esin+ t! 8e'! in the $ent'e %

The 'es(lt is tht *i$'!2ve li+ht s(btly ben&s '!(n& the &evi$e n& is ble t! 'e"!'* !n

the !the' si&e1 lth!(+h 2ith s!*e &ete$tble &ist!'ti!n %

We $&n use 'e&'&e!i &s in%isi-i#i0 $#o&3

Diffe!en$e -e4een -o. .e 'e.o*s


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CAMOUFLAGE

TOKYO METHOD DUKE METHOD

Uses $*e' t! $)t('e )i$t('e% Rely !n )'!&($t $lle& .*et*te'il0%

P'!$esses it t! $!*)(te'% The *et*te'il 2ill in"l(en$e the

ele$t'!*+neti$ 2ves '!(n& it $'etin+

.2')e& e""e$t0%

P'!#e$te& !nt! the 'e"le$tive $l!,% This $'etes the invisible e""e$t%


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CAMOUFLAGE

CHAPTER 5:

Re"Wo!#* A++#i$&ions

hile n invisibility $l!, is n inte'estin+ ))li$ti!n !" !)ti$l $*!("l+e1 it>s

)'!bbly n!t the *!st (se"(l !ne% He'e 'e s!*e )'$ti$l 2ys the

te$hn!l!+y *i+ht be ))lie&;

Pil!ts ln&in+ )lne $!(l& (se this te$hn!l!+y t! *,e $!$,)it "l!!'s t'ns)'ent% This

2!(l& enble the* t! see the '(n2y n& the ln&in+

+e' si*)ly by +ln$in+ &!2n%

D!$t!'s )e'"!'*in+ s('+e'y $!(l& (se !)ti$l $*!("l+e t! see th'!(+h thei' hn&s n&

inst'(*ents t! the (n&e'lyin+ tiss(e% See T$hi Lb; O)ti$l C*!("l+e; !$/

)hnt!*%*)+ t! 2t$h vi&e! !" h!2 this *i+ht 2!',%

P'!vi&in+ vie2 !" the !(tsi&e in 2in&!2less '!!*s is !ne !" the *!'e "n$i"(l

))li$ti!ns !" the te$hn!l!+y1 b(t !ne tht *i+ht i*)'!ve the

)sy$h!l!+i$l 2ell/bein+ !" )e!)le in s($h envi'!n*ents%

D'ive's b$,in+ () $'s $!(l& bene"it !ne &y "'!* !)ti$l $*!("l+e%

A ?(i$, +ln$e b$,2'& th'!(+h t'ns)'ent 'e' ht$h !'

til+te 2!(l& *,e it esy t! ,n!2 2hen t! st!)%


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CAMOUFLAGE

MUTUAL TELEJISTENCE

H(*n (se' A is t !ne l!$ti!n 2hile his tele3isten$e '!b!t A is t n!the' l!$ti!n 2ith

h(*n (se' B%

H(*n (se' B is t !ne l!$ti!n 2hile his tele3isten$e '!b!t B is t n!the' l!$ti!n 2ith

h(*n (se' A%

B!th tele3isten$e '!b!ts 'e $!ve'e& in 'et'!/'e"le$tive *te'il s! tht they $t li,e

s$'eens%

ith vi&e! $*e's n& )'!#e$t!'s t e$h l!$ti!n1 the i*+es !" the t2! h(*n (se's 'e

)'!#e$te& !nt! thei' 'es)e$tive '!b!ts in the 'e*!te l!$ti!ns%


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CAMOUFLAGE

This +ives e$h h(*n the )e'$e)ti!n tht he is 2!',in+ 2ith n!the' h(*n inste& !"

'!b!t%

Ri+ht n!21 *(t(l tele3isten$e is s$ien$e "i$ti!n1 b(t it 2!n>t be "!' l!n+ s s$ientists

$!ntin(e t! )(sh the b!(n&'ies !" the te$hn!l!+y%

So'e i'&/es i##us!&in/ e6&'+#es of o+i$ $&'ouf#&/e

7i/ (i)


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CAMOUFLAGE

7i/ (ii)

7i/ (iii)


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CAMOUFLAGE

CHAPTER :

ADANTA8ES:

O)ti$l C*!("l+e $n be (se& !n s('+i$l +l!bes !' e?(i)*ents s! they &!nt bl!$,

s('+e!ns vie2 &('in+ &eli$te !)e'ti!ns%

In viti!n1 $!$,)it "l!!'s $!(l& be$!*e >invisible> t! ssist )il!ts &('in+ ln&in+%

APPICATIONS:

MEDICA:

Ptient $ente'e& &esi+n '!!*s i*)'!ve the )sy$h!l!+i$l 2ell/bein+ !" )e!)le in $l!se&

envi'!n*ents

S('+e'y D!$t!'s )e'"!'*in+ s('+e'y $!(l& (se invisibility t! see

th'!(+h thei' hn&s n& inst'(*ents t! the (n&e'lyin+ tiss(e *!'e visible


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CAMOUFLAGE

AIATION:

Pil!ts ln&in+ )lne $!(l& (se this te$hn!l!+y t! *,e $!$,)it "l!!'s t'ns)'ent

This 2!(l& enble the* t! see the '(n2y n& the ln&in+ +e' si*)ly by +ln$in+ &!2n

AUTOMOTIE:


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CAMOUFLAGE

D'ive's b$,in+ () $'s $!(l& bene"it !ne &y "'!* !)ti$l $*!("l+e% A ?(i$, +ln$e

b$,2'& th'!(+h t'ns)'ent 'e' ht$h !' til+te 2!(l& *,e it esy t! ,n!2 2hen

t! st!)

HOME IMPROEMENT

M!'e "n$i"(l ))li$ti!ns li,e t'ns)'ent $eilin+ t! )'!vi&e vie2 !" the !(tsi&e%

T'ns)'ent &!!' 'e)l$es )ee) h!le%


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CAMOUFLAGE

CHAPTER 5:

CONCUSION:

This *8in+ te$hn!l!+y $'etes !b#e$ts !' h(*n bein+s invisible !' t'ns)'ent%

Th!(+h it hs s!*e li*itti!ns1 it 2!n>t be "!' l!n+ s s$ientists $!ntin(e t! )(sh the

b!(n&'ies !" the te$hn!l!+y%

One !" the *!st )'!*isin+ ))li$ti!ns !" this te$hn!l!+y1 h!2eve'1 hs less t! &! 2ith

*,in+ !b#e$ts invisible n& *!'e b!(t *,in+ the* visible%

The $!n$e)t is $lle& Muu Te#e6isen$e;2!',in+ n& )e'$eivin+ 2ith the "eelin+ tht

y!( 'e in seve'l )l$es t !n$e

Pe!%&si%e /&'in/ is n!the' ))li$ti!n 2he'e )lye's 2ith *!bile &is)lys *!ve

th'!(+h the 2!'l& 2hile sens!'s $)t('e in"!'*ti!n b!(t thei' envi'!n*ent1 in$l(&in+

thei' l!$ti!n% This in"!'*ti!n is (se& t! &elive' (se's +*in+ e3)e'ien$e tht $hn+es

$$!'&in+ t! 2he'e they 'e n& 2ht they 'e &!in+%

A l!t !" inte'estin+ thin+ hve been &!ne n& l'e&y 2e hve seen tht ny!ne $n be

l*!st invisible 2ith this te$hn!l!+y%

B(t the "(t('e )'!*ises (s l!t *!'e%

Rese'$h 2!', is +!in+ !n n& s!!n 2e 2ill hve even *!'e st!nishin+ 'es(lts


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CAMOUFLAGE

CHAPTER 9:

RE7ERENCES:

1) M% Shi'!1 Gh!st in the Shell1 7!&nsy1 @@

2) htt);--222%st'%t%(/t!,y!%$%#)

) htt);--en%2i,i)e&i%!'+-2i,i-Cl!,in+K&evi$e

5) htt);--en%2i,i)e&i%!'+-2i,i-A$tiveK$*!("l+e

9) htt);--222%2ise+ee,%$!*-2ht/is/!)ti$l/$*!("l+e%ht*

;) htt);--!b#s*%2!'&)'ess%$!*-455-5@-65-#)nese/invisible/te$hn!l!+y/!)ti$l/

$*!("l+e


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