ПУХЛИНИ ТА ПЕРЕДПУХЛИННА ПАТОЛОГІЯ WWW.REPRODUCTENDO.COM.UA №4 24/ вересень 2015 ISSN 2309- 4117 59 ОСНОВНЫЕ АВТОРЫ: GEORGE A. VILOS д. мед. н., Лондон, Великобритания CATHERINE ALLAIRE д. мед. н., Ванкувер, Канада PHILIPPEYVES LABERGE д. мед. н., Квебек, Канада NICHOLAS LEYLAND д. мед. н., Гамильтон, Канада ВВЕДЕНИЕ Клиническое значение миомы матки Т ермины «фибр омат озные узлы», «миом а», «лейомиома» являются синонимами и обозна- чают распространенные гинекологические опухоли, встречающиеся у 70–80% женщин, достигших 50-летнего возраста [1]. Распростра- ненность увеличивается с возрастом, достигая максимума у 40-летних женщин. У многих жен- щин заболевание может протекать бессимп- томно и диагностируется случайно при клини- ческом обследовании или визуализации. Миомы также могут проявляться клиниче- ски, в том числе в виде менструальных нару- шений (например, тяжелое, нерегулярное и длительное маточное кровотечение), желе- зодефицитной анемии, «объемных» симпто- мов (например, сдавливание органов малого таза, боль, обструктивные симптомы), а также проблем с фертильностью . В настоящее время миома матки – наиболее распространенное показание к гистерэктомии во всем мире. В Канаде они составляют 30% от всех гистерэктомий – второй по частоте гинеко- логической операции после кесарева сечения [8]. Гистерэктомия сопряжена со значительной заболеваемостью и смертностью [9–10]. Вывод 1. Миома матки является распространен- ным заболеванием, возникая у 70% женщин старше 50 лет. 20–50% миом являются симп- томатическими, что имеет для Канады боль- шое социальное и экономическое значение. (Уровень доказательности [УД] II-3) Патофизиология миомы Миома матки – моноклональная опухоль, возникающая из гладкомышечной ткани матки (т. е. миометрия). Это доброкачественные но- вообразования, состоящие из неупорядочен- ных миофибробластов, которые расположены в объемном внеклеточном матриксе, состав- ляющем существенную часть объема опухоли. Генез миомы матки остается темой дискуссий. Клетки пролиферируют в умеренном ко- личестве, их рост зависит от яичниковых стероидов – эстрогена и прогестерона, по- этому большинство миом подвергаются ин- волюции после менопаузы. Биологически мощный эстроген эстрадиол способству- ет синтезу рецепторов прогестерона (РП) посредством рецепторов эстрогена типа α (РЭ-α). РП имеют большое значение для ответа фиброзной ткани на прогестерон, се- кретируемый яичниками. Прогестерон и РП необходимы для роста опухоли, увеличения клеточной пролифера- ции, выживания и повышения образования внеклеточного матрикса. При отсутствии про- гестерона и РП эстроген и РЭ-α не в состоянии стимулировать рост миомы [11]. Миоматозные узлы могут быть одиночными или множественными и различаться по раз- меру, локализации и кровоснабжению . Миомы обычно классифицируют на 3 под- группы в зависимости от локализации: субсе- розные (на внешней стороне матки), интра- муральные (в миометрии) и субмукозные или подслизистые (на внутренней стенке матки). Международная федерация акушерства и ги- некологии (FIGO) представила новую, более детальную систему классификации (рис. 1) [12 ]. Общепризнанные факторы риска развития миомы матки включают: отсутствие родов в анамнезе, раннее менархе, частые менструа- ции, дисменорея в анамнезе, миома матки в семейном анамнезе, африканское происхож- дение, ожирение и возраст (пик заболевае- мости приходится на 40–50 лет). Клинические факторы, которые, возможно, увеличивают риск миомы, включают артериальную гипер- тензию и сахарный диабет [13]. ВЕДЕНИЕ ЛЕЙОМИ ОМЫ МАТКИ * КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ пРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАцИИ ОбщЕСТВА АКУшЕРОВ И гИНЕКОЛОгОВ КАНАДЫ * Оригинал опубликован в J Obstet Gynaecol Can, 37(2) (2015): 157 –1 78. Данное клиническое рактическое руководство одотовлено Раочей руой о изучению лейомиомы матки, рассмотрено консультативными комитетами клинической инеколоической рактики, реродуктивной меди- ины и еслодия, семейных врачей и утверждено Исолнительным советом Оества акуеров и инеколоов Канады (Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada, SOGC)
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опухоли встречающиеся у 70ndash80 женщиндостигших 50-летнего возраста [1] Распростра-
ненность увеличивается с возрастом достигая
максимума у 40-летних женщин У многих жен-
щин заболевание может протекать бессимп-
томно и диагностируется случайно при клини-
ческом обследовании или визуализации
Миомы также могут проявляться клиниче-
ски в том числе в виде менструальных нару-
шений (например тяжелое нерегулярное и
длительное маточное кровотечение) желе-
зодефицитной анемии laquoобъемныхraquo симпто-
мов (например сдавливание органов малого
таза боль обструктивные симптомы) а такжепроблем с фертильностью
В настоящее время миома матки ndash наиболее
распространенное показание к гистерэктомии
во всем мире В Канаде они составляют 30 от
всех гистерэктомий ndash второй по частоте гинеко-
логической операции после кесарева сечения
[8] Гистерэктомия сопряжена со значительной
заболеваемостью и смертностью [9ndash10]
Вывод1 Миома матки является распространен-
ным заболеванием возникая у 70 женщин
старше 50 лет 20ndash50 миом являются симп-
томатическими что имеет для Канады боль-
шое социальное и экономическое значение
(Уровень доказательности [УД] II-3)
Патофизиология миомы
Миома матки ndash моноклональная опухоль
возникающая из гладкомышечной ткани матки
(т е миометрия) Это доброкачественные но-
вообразования состоящие из неупорядочен-
ных миофибробластов которые расположены
в объемном внеклеточном матриксе состав-
ляющем существенную часть объема опухоли
Генез миомы матки остается темой дискуссий
Клетки пролиферируют в умеренном ко-
личестве их рост зависит от яичниковыхстероидов ndash эстрогена и прогестерона по-
этому большинство миом подвергаются ин-
волюции после менопаузы Биологически
мощный эстроген эстрадиол способству-
ет синтезу рецепторов прогестерона (РП)
посредством рецепторов эстрогена типа
α (РЭ-α) РП имеют большое значение для
ответа фиброзной ткани на прогестерон се-
кретируемый яичниками
Прогестерон и РП необходимы для роста
опухоли увеличения клеточной пролифера-
ции выживания и повышения образования
внеклеточного матрикса При отсутствии про-гестерона и РП эстроген и РЭ-α не в состоянии
стимулировать рост миомы [11]
Миоматозные узлы могут быть одиночными
или множественными и различаться по раз-
меру локализации и кровоснабжению
Миомы обычно классифицируют на 3 под-
группы в зависимости от локализации субсе-
розные (на внешней стороне матки) интра-
муральные (в миометрии) и субмукозные или
подслизистые (на внутренней стенке матки)
Международная федерация акушерства и ги-
некологии (FIGO) представила новую более
детальную систему классификации (рис 1) [12]
Общепризнанные факторы риска развития
миомы матки включают отсутствие родов в
анамнезе раннее менархе частые менструа-
ции дисменорея в анамнезе миома матки в
семейном анамнезе африканское происхож-
дение ожирение и возраст (пик заболевае-
мости приходится на 40ndash50 лет) Клинические
факторы которые возможно увеличивают
риск миомы включают артериальную гипер-
тензию и сахарный диабет [13]
ВЕДЕНИЕ ЛЕЙОМИОМЫ МАТКИ
КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ пРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАцИИ ОбщЕСТВА АКУшЕРОВ И гИНЕКОЛОгОВ КАНАДЫ
Оригинал опубликован в J Obstet Gynaecol Can 37(2) (2015) 157ndash178
Данное клиническое 984127рактическое руководство 984127од984115отовлено Ра984113очей 984115ру984127984127ой 984127о изучению лейомиомы маткирассмотрено консультативными комитетами клинической 984115инеколо984115ической 984127рактики ре984127родуктивной меди-
984134ины и 984113ес984127лодия семейных врачей и утверждено Ис984127олнительным советом О984113984137ества аку984136еров и 984115инеколо984115овКанады (Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada SOGC)
PS 4 июля 2015 984115 SOGC о984127у984113ликовало о984113новле-ние к данному Руководству В о984113новленной версиирекомендован СМРп ули984127ристала а984134етата (УД I-А) для
дол984115осрочной тера984127ии 984127рерывистыми курсами АМКсвязанных с миомой матки laquoо984113ъемнымиraquo сим984127томамии для коррек984134ии анемии Экс984127ерты SOGC утверждаютследую984137ее исследования 984127оказывают что laquoули984127ри-стала а984134етат эффективно и 984113езо984127асно контролируеткровотечение и умень984136ает размер миомы у 984113ольныхс сим984127томными миомами Среди всех 984115ормональныхвариантов тера984127ии досту984127ных для жен984137ин с миомойматки ули984127ристала а984134етат о984113ладает самым 984113ыстрымзадокументированным началом действия в контроленад кровотечениемraquo
ЛіТЕРАТУРАREFERENCES
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9 Boyd LR Novesky AP Curtin JPldquoEffect of surgical volume on route of hysterectomy and short-termmorbidityrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 909ndash915
11 Bulun SEldquoUterine fibroidsrdquoN Engl J Med 369(2013) 1344ndash1355
12 Munro MG Critchley HO Broder MS Fraser IS
ldquoThe FIGO Classification System (ldquoPALM-COEINrdquo) for causes of abnormaluterine bleeding in non-gravid women in the reproductive yearsincluding guidelines for clinical investigationrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet113(2011) 3ndash13
13 Flake GP Andersen J Dixon DldquoEtiology and pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas a reviewrdquoEnviron Health Perspect 111(2003) 1037ndash1054
15 Lumsden MA Wallace EMldquoClinical presentation of uterine fibroidsrdquoBaillieres Clin ObstetGynaecol 12(1998) 177ndash195
20 Laughlin SK Baird DD Savitz DA Herring AHHartmann KEldquoPrevalence of uterine leiomyomas in the first trimester of pregnancyan ultrasound-screening studyrdquoObstet Gynecol 113(2009) 630ndash635
22 Neiger R Sonek JD Croom CS Ventolini GldquoPregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJReprod Med 51(2006) 671ndash674
23 Hammoud AO Asaad R Berman J Treadwell MC et alldquoVolume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy do myomasreally growrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(2006) 386ndash390
24 Laughlin SK Herring AH Savitz DA Olshan AF et alldquoPregnancy-related fibroid reductionrdquoFertil Steril 94(2010)2421ndash2423
25 De Vivo A Mancuso A Giacobbe A Savasta LM et alldquoUterine myomas during pregnancy a longitudinal sonographic studyrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(2011) 361ndash365
26 Exacoustos C Rosati PldquoUltrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications inpregnancyrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 97ndash101
27 Sheiner E Bashiri A Levy A Hershkovitz R Katz M Mazor MldquoObstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies withuterine leiomyomasrdquoJ Reprod Med 49(2004) 182ndash186
28 Qidwai GI Caughey AB Jacoby AFldquoObstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterineleiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol 107 (2 Pt l) (2006) 376ndash382
29 Vergani P Locatelli A Ghidini A Andreani M Sala FPezzullo JCldquoLarge uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean deliveryrdquoObstetGynecol 109 (2 Pt l) (2007) 410ndash414
30 Chen YH Lin HC Chen SF et al ldquoIncreased risk of preterm births among women with uterineleiomyoma a nationwide population-based studyrdquoHum Reprod24(2009) 3049ndash3056
31 Klatsky PC Tran ND Caughey AB Fujimoto VY
ldquoFibroids and reproductive outcomes a systematic literature review
from conception to deliveryrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 198(2008)
357ndash366
32 Stout MJ Odibo AO Graseck AS Macones GA
Crane JP Cahill AG
ldquoLeiomyomas at routine second-trimester ultrasound examination and
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
PS 4 июля 2015 984115 SOGC о984127у984113ликовало о984113новле-ние к данному Руководству В о984113новленной версиирекомендован СМРп ули984127ристала а984134етата (УД I-А) для
дол984115осрочной тера984127ии 984127рерывистыми курсами АМКсвязанных с миомой матки laquoо984113ъемнымиraquo сим984127томамии для коррек984134ии анемии Экс984127ерты SOGC утверждаютследую984137ее исследования 984127оказывают что laquoули984127ри-стала а984134етат эффективно и 984113езо984127асно контролируеткровотечение и умень984136ает размер миомы у 984113ольныхс сим984127томными миомами Среди всех 984115ормональныхвариантов тера984127ии досту984127ных для жен984137ин с миомойматки ули984127ристала а984134етат о984113ладает самым 984113ыстрымзадокументированным началом действия в контроленад кровотечениемraquo
ЛіТЕРАТУРАREFERENCES
1 Baird DD Dunson DB Hill MC Cousins D Schectman JMldquoHigh cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and whitewomen ultrasound evidencerdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 188(2003)100ndash107
9 Boyd LR Novesky AP Curtin JPldquoEffect of surgical volume on route of hysterectomy and short-termmorbidityrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 909ndash915
11 Bulun SEldquoUterine fibroidsrdquoN Engl J Med 369(2013) 1344ndash1355
12 Munro MG Critchley HO Broder MS Fraser IS
ldquoThe FIGO Classification System (ldquoPALM-COEINrdquo) for causes of abnormaluterine bleeding in non-gravid women in the reproductive yearsincluding guidelines for clinical investigationrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet113(2011) 3ndash13
13 Flake GP Andersen J Dixon DldquoEtiology and pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas a reviewrdquoEnviron Health Perspect 111(2003) 1037ndash1054
15 Lumsden MA Wallace EMldquoClinical presentation of uterine fibroidsrdquoBaillieres Clin ObstetGynaecol 12(1998) 177ndash195
20 Laughlin SK Baird DD Savitz DA Herring AHHartmann KEldquoPrevalence of uterine leiomyomas in the first trimester of pregnancyan ultrasound-screening studyrdquoObstet Gynecol 113(2009) 630ndash635
22 Neiger R Sonek JD Croom CS Ventolini GldquoPregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJReprod Med 51(2006) 671ndash674
23 Hammoud AO Asaad R Berman J Treadwell MC et alldquoVolume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy do myomasreally growrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(2006) 386ndash390
24 Laughlin SK Herring AH Savitz DA Olshan AF et alldquoPregnancy-related fibroid reductionrdquoFertil Steril 94(2010)2421ndash2423
25 De Vivo A Mancuso A Giacobbe A Savasta LM et alldquoUterine myomas during pregnancy a longitudinal sonographic studyrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(2011) 361ndash365
26 Exacoustos C Rosati PldquoUltrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications inpregnancyrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 97ndash101
27 Sheiner E Bashiri A Levy A Hershkovitz R Katz M Mazor MldquoObstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies withuterine leiomyomasrdquoJ Reprod Med 49(2004) 182ndash186
28 Qidwai GI Caughey AB Jacoby AFldquoObstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterineleiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol 107 (2 Pt l) (2006) 376ndash382
29 Vergani P Locatelli A Ghidini A Andreani M Sala FPezzullo JCldquoLarge uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean deliveryrdquoObstetGynecol 109 (2 Pt l) (2007) 410ndash414
30 Chen YH Lin HC Chen SF et al ldquoIncreased risk of preterm births among women with uterineleiomyoma a nationwide population-based studyrdquoHum Reprod24(2009) 3049ndash3056
31 Klatsky PC Tran ND Caughey AB Fujimoto VY
ldquoFibroids and reproductive outcomes a systematic literature review
from conception to deliveryrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 198(2008)
357ndash366
32 Stout MJ Odibo AO Graseck AS Macones GA
Crane JP Cahill AG
ldquoLeiomyomas at routine second-trimester ultrasound examination and
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
PS 4 июля 2015 984115 SOGC о984127у984113ликовало о984113новле-ние к данному Руководству В о984113новленной версиирекомендован СМРп ули984127ристала а984134етата (УД I-А) для
дол984115осрочной тера984127ии 984127рерывистыми курсами АМКсвязанных с миомой матки laquoо984113ъемнымиraquo сим984127томамии для коррек984134ии анемии Экс984127ерты SOGC утверждаютследую984137ее исследования 984127оказывают что laquoули984127ри-стала а984134етат эффективно и 984113езо984127асно контролируеткровотечение и умень984136ает размер миомы у 984113ольныхс сим984127томными миомами Среди всех 984115ормональныхвариантов тера984127ии досту984127ных для жен984137ин с миомойматки ули984127ристала а984134етат о984113ладает самым 984113ыстрымзадокументированным началом действия в контроленад кровотечениемraquo
ЛіТЕРАТУРАREFERENCES
1 Baird DD Dunson DB Hill MC Cousins D Schectman JMldquoHigh cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and whitewomen ultrasound evidencerdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 188(2003)100ndash107
9 Boyd LR Novesky AP Curtin JPldquoEffect of surgical volume on route of hysterectomy and short-termmorbidityrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 909ndash915
11 Bulun SEldquoUterine fibroidsrdquoN Engl J Med 369(2013) 1344ndash1355
12 Munro MG Critchley HO Broder MS Fraser IS
ldquoThe FIGO Classification System (ldquoPALM-COEINrdquo) for causes of abnormaluterine bleeding in non-gravid women in the reproductive yearsincluding guidelines for clinical investigationrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet113(2011) 3ndash13
13 Flake GP Andersen J Dixon DldquoEtiology and pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas a reviewrdquoEnviron Health Perspect 111(2003) 1037ndash1054
15 Lumsden MA Wallace EMldquoClinical presentation of uterine fibroidsrdquoBaillieres Clin ObstetGynaecol 12(1998) 177ndash195
20 Laughlin SK Baird DD Savitz DA Herring AHHartmann KEldquoPrevalence of uterine leiomyomas in the first trimester of pregnancyan ultrasound-screening studyrdquoObstet Gynecol 113(2009) 630ndash635
22 Neiger R Sonek JD Croom CS Ventolini GldquoPregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJReprod Med 51(2006) 671ndash674
23 Hammoud AO Asaad R Berman J Treadwell MC et alldquoVolume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy do myomasreally growrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(2006) 386ndash390
24 Laughlin SK Herring AH Savitz DA Olshan AF et alldquoPregnancy-related fibroid reductionrdquoFertil Steril 94(2010)2421ndash2423
25 De Vivo A Mancuso A Giacobbe A Savasta LM et alldquoUterine myomas during pregnancy a longitudinal sonographic studyrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(2011) 361ndash365
26 Exacoustos C Rosati PldquoUltrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications inpregnancyrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 97ndash101
27 Sheiner E Bashiri A Levy A Hershkovitz R Katz M Mazor MldquoObstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies withuterine leiomyomasrdquoJ Reprod Med 49(2004) 182ndash186
28 Qidwai GI Caughey AB Jacoby AFldquoObstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterineleiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol 107 (2 Pt l) (2006) 376ndash382
29 Vergani P Locatelli A Ghidini A Andreani M Sala FPezzullo JCldquoLarge uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean deliveryrdquoObstetGynecol 109 (2 Pt l) (2007) 410ndash414
30 Chen YH Lin HC Chen SF et al ldquoIncreased risk of preterm births among women with uterineleiomyoma a nationwide population-based studyrdquoHum Reprod24(2009) 3049ndash3056
31 Klatsky PC Tran ND Caughey AB Fujimoto VY
ldquoFibroids and reproductive outcomes a systematic literature review
from conception to deliveryrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 198(2008)
357ndash366
32 Stout MJ Odibo AO Graseck AS Macones GA
Crane JP Cahill AG
ldquoLeiomyomas at routine second-trimester ultrasound examination and
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
PS 4 июля 2015 984115 SOGC о984127у984113ликовало о984113новле-ние к данному Руководству В о984113новленной версиирекомендован СМРп ули984127ристала а984134етата (УД I-А) для
дол984115осрочной тера984127ии 984127рерывистыми курсами АМКсвязанных с миомой матки laquoо984113ъемнымиraquo сим984127томамии для коррек984134ии анемии Экс984127ерты SOGC утверждаютследую984137ее исследования 984127оказывают что laquoули984127ри-стала а984134етат эффективно и 984113езо984127асно контролируеткровотечение и умень984136ает размер миомы у 984113ольныхс сим984127томными миомами Среди всех 984115ормональныхвариантов тера984127ии досту984127ных для жен984137ин с миомойматки ули984127ристала а984134етат о984113ладает самым 984113ыстрымзадокументированным началом действия в контроленад кровотечениемraquo
ЛіТЕРАТУРАREFERENCES
1 Baird DD Dunson DB Hill MC Cousins D Schectman JMldquoHigh cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and whitewomen ultrasound evidencerdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 188(2003)100ndash107
9 Boyd LR Novesky AP Curtin JPldquoEffect of surgical volume on route of hysterectomy and short-termmorbidityrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 909ndash915
11 Bulun SEldquoUterine fibroidsrdquoN Engl J Med 369(2013) 1344ndash1355
12 Munro MG Critchley HO Broder MS Fraser IS
ldquoThe FIGO Classification System (ldquoPALM-COEINrdquo) for causes of abnormaluterine bleeding in non-gravid women in the reproductive yearsincluding guidelines for clinical investigationrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet113(2011) 3ndash13
13 Flake GP Andersen J Dixon DldquoEtiology and pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas a reviewrdquoEnviron Health Perspect 111(2003) 1037ndash1054
15 Lumsden MA Wallace EMldquoClinical presentation of uterine fibroidsrdquoBaillieres Clin ObstetGynaecol 12(1998) 177ndash195
20 Laughlin SK Baird DD Savitz DA Herring AHHartmann KEldquoPrevalence of uterine leiomyomas in the first trimester of pregnancyan ultrasound-screening studyrdquoObstet Gynecol 113(2009) 630ndash635
22 Neiger R Sonek JD Croom CS Ventolini GldquoPregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJReprod Med 51(2006) 671ndash674
23 Hammoud AO Asaad R Berman J Treadwell MC et alldquoVolume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy do myomasreally growrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(2006) 386ndash390
24 Laughlin SK Herring AH Savitz DA Olshan AF et alldquoPregnancy-related fibroid reductionrdquoFertil Steril 94(2010)2421ndash2423
25 De Vivo A Mancuso A Giacobbe A Savasta LM et alldquoUterine myomas during pregnancy a longitudinal sonographic studyrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(2011) 361ndash365
26 Exacoustos C Rosati PldquoUltrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications inpregnancyrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 97ndash101
27 Sheiner E Bashiri A Levy A Hershkovitz R Katz M Mazor MldquoObstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies withuterine leiomyomasrdquoJ Reprod Med 49(2004) 182ndash186
28 Qidwai GI Caughey AB Jacoby AFldquoObstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterineleiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol 107 (2 Pt l) (2006) 376ndash382
29 Vergani P Locatelli A Ghidini A Andreani M Sala FPezzullo JCldquoLarge uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean deliveryrdquoObstetGynecol 109 (2 Pt l) (2007) 410ndash414
30 Chen YH Lin HC Chen SF et al ldquoIncreased risk of preterm births among women with uterineleiomyoma a nationwide population-based studyrdquoHum Reprod24(2009) 3049ndash3056
31 Klatsky PC Tran ND Caughey AB Fujimoto VY
ldquoFibroids and reproductive outcomes a systematic literature review
from conception to deliveryrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 198(2008)
357ndash366
32 Stout MJ Odibo AO Graseck AS Macones GA
Crane JP Cahill AG
ldquoLeiomyomas at routine second-trimester ultrasound examination and
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
PS 4 июля 2015 984115 SOGC о984127у984113ликовало о984113новле-ние к данному Руководству В о984113новленной версиирекомендован СМРп ули984127ристала а984134етата (УД I-А) для
дол984115осрочной тера984127ии 984127рерывистыми курсами АМКсвязанных с миомой матки laquoо984113ъемнымиraquo сим984127томамии для коррек984134ии анемии Экс984127ерты SOGC утверждаютследую984137ее исследования 984127оказывают что laquoули984127ри-стала а984134етат эффективно и 984113езо984127асно контролируеткровотечение и умень984136ает размер миомы у 984113ольныхс сим984127томными миомами Среди всех 984115ормональныхвариантов тера984127ии досту984127ных для жен984137ин с миомойматки ули984127ристала а984134етат о984113ладает самым 984113ыстрымзадокументированным началом действия в контроленад кровотечениемraquo
ЛіТЕРАТУРАREFERENCES
1 Baird DD Dunson DB Hill MC Cousins D Schectman JMldquoHigh cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and whitewomen ultrasound evidencerdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 188(2003)100ndash107
9 Boyd LR Novesky AP Curtin JPldquoEffect of surgical volume on route of hysterectomy and short-termmorbidityrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 909ndash915
11 Bulun SEldquoUterine fibroidsrdquoN Engl J Med 369(2013) 1344ndash1355
12 Munro MG Critchley HO Broder MS Fraser IS
ldquoThe FIGO Classification System (ldquoPALM-COEINrdquo) for causes of abnormaluterine bleeding in non-gravid women in the reproductive yearsincluding guidelines for clinical investigationrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet113(2011) 3ndash13
13 Flake GP Andersen J Dixon DldquoEtiology and pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas a reviewrdquoEnviron Health Perspect 111(2003) 1037ndash1054
15 Lumsden MA Wallace EMldquoClinical presentation of uterine fibroidsrdquoBaillieres Clin ObstetGynaecol 12(1998) 177ndash195
20 Laughlin SK Baird DD Savitz DA Herring AHHartmann KEldquoPrevalence of uterine leiomyomas in the first trimester of pregnancyan ultrasound-screening studyrdquoObstet Gynecol 113(2009) 630ndash635
22 Neiger R Sonek JD Croom CS Ventolini GldquoPregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJReprod Med 51(2006) 671ndash674
23 Hammoud AO Asaad R Berman J Treadwell MC et alldquoVolume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy do myomasreally growrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(2006) 386ndash390
24 Laughlin SK Herring AH Savitz DA Olshan AF et alldquoPregnancy-related fibroid reductionrdquoFertil Steril 94(2010)2421ndash2423
25 De Vivo A Mancuso A Giacobbe A Savasta LM et alldquoUterine myomas during pregnancy a longitudinal sonographic studyrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(2011) 361ndash365
26 Exacoustos C Rosati PldquoUltrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications inpregnancyrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 97ndash101
27 Sheiner E Bashiri A Levy A Hershkovitz R Katz M Mazor MldquoObstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies withuterine leiomyomasrdquoJ Reprod Med 49(2004) 182ndash186
28 Qidwai GI Caughey AB Jacoby AFldquoObstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterineleiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol 107 (2 Pt l) (2006) 376ndash382
29 Vergani P Locatelli A Ghidini A Andreani M Sala FPezzullo JCldquoLarge uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean deliveryrdquoObstetGynecol 109 (2 Pt l) (2007) 410ndash414
30 Chen YH Lin HC Chen SF et al ldquoIncreased risk of preterm births among women with uterineleiomyoma a nationwide population-based studyrdquoHum Reprod24(2009) 3049ndash3056
31 Klatsky PC Tran ND Caughey AB Fujimoto VY
ldquoFibroids and reproductive outcomes a systematic literature review
from conception to deliveryrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 198(2008)
357ndash366
32 Stout MJ Odibo AO Graseck AS Macones GA
Crane JP Cahill AG
ldquoLeiomyomas at routine second-trimester ultrasound examination and
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
PS 4 июля 2015 984115 SOGC о984127у984113ликовало о984113новле-ние к данному Руководству В о984113новленной версиирекомендован СМРп ули984127ристала а984134етата (УД I-А) для
дол984115осрочной тера984127ии 984127рерывистыми курсами АМКсвязанных с миомой матки laquoо984113ъемнымиraquo сим984127томамии для коррек984134ии анемии Экс984127ерты SOGC утверждаютследую984137ее исследования 984127оказывают что laquoули984127ри-стала а984134етат эффективно и 984113езо984127асно контролируеткровотечение и умень984136ает размер миомы у 984113ольныхс сим984127томными миомами Среди всех 984115ормональныхвариантов тера984127ии досту984127ных для жен984137ин с миомойматки ули984127ристала а984134етат о984113ладает самым 984113ыстрымзадокументированным началом действия в контроленад кровотечениемraquo
ЛіТЕРАТУРАREFERENCES
1 Baird DD Dunson DB Hill MC Cousins D Schectman JMldquoHigh cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and whitewomen ultrasound evidencerdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 188(2003)100ndash107
9 Boyd LR Novesky AP Curtin JPldquoEffect of surgical volume on route of hysterectomy and short-termmorbidityrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 909ndash915
11 Bulun SEldquoUterine fibroidsrdquoN Engl J Med 369(2013) 1344ndash1355
12 Munro MG Critchley HO Broder MS Fraser IS
ldquoThe FIGO Classification System (ldquoPALM-COEINrdquo) for causes of abnormaluterine bleeding in non-gravid women in the reproductive yearsincluding guidelines for clinical investigationrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet113(2011) 3ndash13
13 Flake GP Andersen J Dixon DldquoEtiology and pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas a reviewrdquoEnviron Health Perspect 111(2003) 1037ndash1054
15 Lumsden MA Wallace EMldquoClinical presentation of uterine fibroidsrdquoBaillieres Clin ObstetGynaecol 12(1998) 177ndash195
20 Laughlin SK Baird DD Savitz DA Herring AHHartmann KEldquoPrevalence of uterine leiomyomas in the first trimester of pregnancyan ultrasound-screening studyrdquoObstet Gynecol 113(2009) 630ndash635
22 Neiger R Sonek JD Croom CS Ventolini GldquoPregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJReprod Med 51(2006) 671ndash674
23 Hammoud AO Asaad R Berman J Treadwell MC et alldquoVolume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy do myomasreally growrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(2006) 386ndash390
24 Laughlin SK Herring AH Savitz DA Olshan AF et alldquoPregnancy-related fibroid reductionrdquoFertil Steril 94(2010)2421ndash2423
25 De Vivo A Mancuso A Giacobbe A Savasta LM et alldquoUterine myomas during pregnancy a longitudinal sonographic studyrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(2011) 361ndash365
26 Exacoustos C Rosati PldquoUltrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications inpregnancyrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 97ndash101
27 Sheiner E Bashiri A Levy A Hershkovitz R Katz M Mazor MldquoObstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies withuterine leiomyomasrdquoJ Reprod Med 49(2004) 182ndash186
28 Qidwai GI Caughey AB Jacoby AFldquoObstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterineleiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol 107 (2 Pt l) (2006) 376ndash382
29 Vergani P Locatelli A Ghidini A Andreani M Sala FPezzullo JCldquoLarge uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean deliveryrdquoObstetGynecol 109 (2 Pt l) (2007) 410ndash414
30 Chen YH Lin HC Chen SF et al ldquoIncreased risk of preterm births among women with uterineleiomyoma a nationwide population-based studyrdquoHum Reprod24(2009) 3049ndash3056
31 Klatsky PC Tran ND Caughey AB Fujimoto VY
ldquoFibroids and reproductive outcomes a systematic literature review
from conception to deliveryrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 198(2008)
357ndash366
32 Stout MJ Odibo AO Graseck AS Macones GA
Crane JP Cahill AG
ldquoLeiomyomas at routine second-trimester ultrasound examination and
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
PS 4 июля 2015 984115 SOGC о984127у984113ликовало о984113новле-ние к данному Руководству В о984113новленной версиирекомендован СМРп ули984127ристала а984134етата (УД I-А) для
дол984115осрочной тера984127ии 984127рерывистыми курсами АМКсвязанных с миомой матки laquoо984113ъемнымиraquo сим984127томамии для коррек984134ии анемии Экс984127ерты SOGC утверждаютследую984137ее исследования 984127оказывают что laquoули984127ри-стала а984134етат эффективно и 984113езо984127асно контролируеткровотечение и умень984136ает размер миомы у 984113ольныхс сим984127томными миомами Среди всех 984115ормональныхвариантов тера984127ии досту984127ных для жен984137ин с миомойматки ули984127ристала а984134етат о984113ладает самым 984113ыстрымзадокументированным началом действия в контроленад кровотечениемraquo
ЛіТЕРАТУРАREFERENCES
1 Baird DD Dunson DB Hill MC Cousins D Schectman JMldquoHigh cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and whitewomen ultrasound evidencerdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 188(2003)100ndash107
9 Boyd LR Novesky AP Curtin JPldquoEffect of surgical volume on route of hysterectomy and short-termmorbidityrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 909ndash915
11 Bulun SEldquoUterine fibroidsrdquoN Engl J Med 369(2013) 1344ndash1355
12 Munro MG Critchley HO Broder MS Fraser IS
ldquoThe FIGO Classification System (ldquoPALM-COEINrdquo) for causes of abnormaluterine bleeding in non-gravid women in the reproductive yearsincluding guidelines for clinical investigationrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet113(2011) 3ndash13
13 Flake GP Andersen J Dixon DldquoEtiology and pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas a reviewrdquoEnviron Health Perspect 111(2003) 1037ndash1054
15 Lumsden MA Wallace EMldquoClinical presentation of uterine fibroidsrdquoBaillieres Clin ObstetGynaecol 12(1998) 177ndash195
20 Laughlin SK Baird DD Savitz DA Herring AHHartmann KEldquoPrevalence of uterine leiomyomas in the first trimester of pregnancyan ultrasound-screening studyrdquoObstet Gynecol 113(2009) 630ndash635
22 Neiger R Sonek JD Croom CS Ventolini GldquoPregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJReprod Med 51(2006) 671ndash674
23 Hammoud AO Asaad R Berman J Treadwell MC et alldquoVolume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy do myomasreally growrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(2006) 386ndash390
24 Laughlin SK Herring AH Savitz DA Olshan AF et alldquoPregnancy-related fibroid reductionrdquoFertil Steril 94(2010)2421ndash2423
25 De Vivo A Mancuso A Giacobbe A Savasta LM et alldquoUterine myomas during pregnancy a longitudinal sonographic studyrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(2011) 361ndash365
26 Exacoustos C Rosati PldquoUltrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications inpregnancyrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 97ndash101
27 Sheiner E Bashiri A Levy A Hershkovitz R Katz M Mazor MldquoObstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies withuterine leiomyomasrdquoJ Reprod Med 49(2004) 182ndash186
28 Qidwai GI Caughey AB Jacoby AFldquoObstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterineleiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol 107 (2 Pt l) (2006) 376ndash382
29 Vergani P Locatelli A Ghidini A Andreani M Sala FPezzullo JCldquoLarge uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean deliveryrdquoObstetGynecol 109 (2 Pt l) (2007) 410ndash414
30 Chen YH Lin HC Chen SF et al ldquoIncreased risk of preterm births among women with uterineleiomyoma a nationwide population-based studyrdquoHum Reprod24(2009) 3049ndash3056
31 Klatsky PC Tran ND Caughey AB Fujimoto VY
ldquoFibroids and reproductive outcomes a systematic literature review
from conception to deliveryrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 198(2008)
357ndash366
32 Stout MJ Odibo AO Graseck AS Macones GA
Crane JP Cahill AG
ldquoLeiomyomas at routine second-trimester ultrasound examination and
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
PS 4 июля 2015 984115 SOGC о984127у984113ликовало о984113новле-ние к данному Руководству В о984113новленной версиирекомендован СМРп ули984127ристала а984134етата (УД I-А) для
дол984115осрочной тера984127ии 984127рерывистыми курсами АМКсвязанных с миомой матки laquoо984113ъемнымиraquo сим984127томамии для коррек984134ии анемии Экс984127ерты SOGC утверждаютследую984137ее исследования 984127оказывают что laquoули984127ри-стала а984134етат эффективно и 984113езо984127асно контролируеткровотечение и умень984136ает размер миомы у 984113ольныхс сим984127томными миомами Среди всех 984115ормональныхвариантов тера984127ии досту984127ных для жен984137ин с миомойматки ули984127ристала а984134етат о984113ладает самым 984113ыстрымзадокументированным началом действия в контроленад кровотечениемraquo
ЛіТЕРАТУРАREFERENCES
1 Baird DD Dunson DB Hill MC Cousins D Schectman JMldquoHigh cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and whitewomen ultrasound evidencerdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 188(2003)100ndash107
9 Boyd LR Novesky AP Curtin JPldquoEffect of surgical volume on route of hysterectomy and short-termmorbidityrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 909ndash915
11 Bulun SEldquoUterine fibroidsrdquoN Engl J Med 369(2013) 1344ndash1355
12 Munro MG Critchley HO Broder MS Fraser IS
ldquoThe FIGO Classification System (ldquoPALM-COEINrdquo) for causes of abnormaluterine bleeding in non-gravid women in the reproductive yearsincluding guidelines for clinical investigationrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet113(2011) 3ndash13
13 Flake GP Andersen J Dixon DldquoEtiology and pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas a reviewrdquoEnviron Health Perspect 111(2003) 1037ndash1054
15 Lumsden MA Wallace EMldquoClinical presentation of uterine fibroidsrdquoBaillieres Clin ObstetGynaecol 12(1998) 177ndash195
20 Laughlin SK Baird DD Savitz DA Herring AHHartmann KEldquoPrevalence of uterine leiomyomas in the first trimester of pregnancyan ultrasound-screening studyrdquoObstet Gynecol 113(2009) 630ndash635
22 Neiger R Sonek JD Croom CS Ventolini GldquoPregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJReprod Med 51(2006) 671ndash674
23 Hammoud AO Asaad R Berman J Treadwell MC et alldquoVolume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy do myomasreally growrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(2006) 386ndash390
24 Laughlin SK Herring AH Savitz DA Olshan AF et alldquoPregnancy-related fibroid reductionrdquoFertil Steril 94(2010)2421ndash2423
25 De Vivo A Mancuso A Giacobbe A Savasta LM et alldquoUterine myomas during pregnancy a longitudinal sonographic studyrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(2011) 361ndash365
26 Exacoustos C Rosati PldquoUltrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications inpregnancyrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 97ndash101
27 Sheiner E Bashiri A Levy A Hershkovitz R Katz M Mazor MldquoObstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies withuterine leiomyomasrdquoJ Reprod Med 49(2004) 182ndash186
28 Qidwai GI Caughey AB Jacoby AFldquoObstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterineleiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol 107 (2 Pt l) (2006) 376ndash382
29 Vergani P Locatelli A Ghidini A Andreani M Sala FPezzullo JCldquoLarge uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean deliveryrdquoObstetGynecol 109 (2 Pt l) (2007) 410ndash414
30 Chen YH Lin HC Chen SF et al ldquoIncreased risk of preterm births among women with uterineleiomyoma a nationwide population-based studyrdquoHum Reprod24(2009) 3049ndash3056
31 Klatsky PC Tran ND Caughey AB Fujimoto VY
ldquoFibroids and reproductive outcomes a systematic literature review
from conception to deliveryrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 198(2008)
357ndash366
32 Stout MJ Odibo AO Graseck AS Macones GA
Crane JP Cahill AG
ldquoLeiomyomas at routine second-trimester ultrasound examination and
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
PS 4 июля 2015 984115 SOGC о984127у984113ликовало о984113новле-ние к данному Руководству В о984113новленной версиирекомендован СМРп ули984127ристала а984134етата (УД I-А) для
дол984115осрочной тера984127ии 984127рерывистыми курсами АМКсвязанных с миомой матки laquoо984113ъемнымиraquo сим984127томамии для коррек984134ии анемии Экс984127ерты SOGC утверждаютследую984137ее исследования 984127оказывают что laquoули984127ри-стала а984134етат эффективно и 984113езо984127асно контролируеткровотечение и умень984136ает размер миомы у 984113ольныхс сим984127томными миомами Среди всех 984115ормональныхвариантов тера984127ии досту984127ных для жен984137ин с миомойматки ули984127ристала а984134етат о984113ладает самым 984113ыстрымзадокументированным началом действия в контроленад кровотечениемraquo
ЛіТЕРАТУРАREFERENCES
1 Baird DD Dunson DB Hill MC Cousins D Schectman JMldquoHigh cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and whitewomen ultrasound evidencerdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 188(2003)100ndash107
9 Boyd LR Novesky AP Curtin JPldquoEffect of surgical volume on route of hysterectomy and short-termmorbidityrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 909ndash915
11 Bulun SEldquoUterine fibroidsrdquoN Engl J Med 369(2013) 1344ndash1355
12 Munro MG Critchley HO Broder MS Fraser IS
ldquoThe FIGO Classification System (ldquoPALM-COEINrdquo) for causes of abnormaluterine bleeding in non-gravid women in the reproductive yearsincluding guidelines for clinical investigationrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet113(2011) 3ndash13
13 Flake GP Andersen J Dixon DldquoEtiology and pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas a reviewrdquoEnviron Health Perspect 111(2003) 1037ndash1054
15 Lumsden MA Wallace EMldquoClinical presentation of uterine fibroidsrdquoBaillieres Clin ObstetGynaecol 12(1998) 177ndash195
20 Laughlin SK Baird DD Savitz DA Herring AHHartmann KEldquoPrevalence of uterine leiomyomas in the first trimester of pregnancyan ultrasound-screening studyrdquoObstet Gynecol 113(2009) 630ndash635
22 Neiger R Sonek JD Croom CS Ventolini GldquoPregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJReprod Med 51(2006) 671ndash674
23 Hammoud AO Asaad R Berman J Treadwell MC et alldquoVolume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy do myomasreally growrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(2006) 386ndash390
24 Laughlin SK Herring AH Savitz DA Olshan AF et alldquoPregnancy-related fibroid reductionrdquoFertil Steril 94(2010)2421ndash2423
25 De Vivo A Mancuso A Giacobbe A Savasta LM et alldquoUterine myomas during pregnancy a longitudinal sonographic studyrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(2011) 361ndash365
26 Exacoustos C Rosati PldquoUltrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications inpregnancyrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 97ndash101
27 Sheiner E Bashiri A Levy A Hershkovitz R Katz M Mazor MldquoObstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies withuterine leiomyomasrdquoJ Reprod Med 49(2004) 182ndash186
28 Qidwai GI Caughey AB Jacoby AFldquoObstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterineleiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol 107 (2 Pt l) (2006) 376ndash382
29 Vergani P Locatelli A Ghidini A Andreani M Sala FPezzullo JCldquoLarge uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean deliveryrdquoObstetGynecol 109 (2 Pt l) (2007) 410ndash414
30 Chen YH Lin HC Chen SF et al ldquoIncreased risk of preterm births among women with uterineleiomyoma a nationwide population-based studyrdquoHum Reprod24(2009) 3049ndash3056
31 Klatsky PC Tran ND Caughey AB Fujimoto VY
ldquoFibroids and reproductive outcomes a systematic literature review
from conception to deliveryrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 198(2008)
357ndash366
32 Stout MJ Odibo AO Graseck AS Macones GA
Crane JP Cahill AG
ldquoLeiomyomas at routine second-trimester ultrasound examination and
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
PS 4 июля 2015 984115 SOGC о984127у984113ликовало о984113новле-ние к данному Руководству В о984113новленной версиирекомендован СМРп ули984127ристала а984134етата (УД I-А) для
дол984115осрочной тера984127ии 984127рерывистыми курсами АМКсвязанных с миомой матки laquoо984113ъемнымиraquo сим984127томамии для коррек984134ии анемии Экс984127ерты SOGC утверждаютследую984137ее исследования 984127оказывают что laquoули984127ри-стала а984134етат эффективно и 984113езо984127асно контролируеткровотечение и умень984136ает размер миомы у 984113ольныхс сим984127томными миомами Среди всех 984115ормональныхвариантов тера984127ии досту984127ных для жен984137ин с миомойматки ули984127ристала а984134етат о984113ладает самым 984113ыстрымзадокументированным началом действия в контроленад кровотечениемraquo
ЛіТЕРАТУРАREFERENCES
1 Baird DD Dunson DB Hill MC Cousins D Schectman JMldquoHigh cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and whitewomen ultrasound evidencerdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 188(2003)100ndash107
9 Boyd LR Novesky AP Curtin JPldquoEffect of surgical volume on route of hysterectomy and short-termmorbidityrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 909ndash915
11 Bulun SEldquoUterine fibroidsrdquoN Engl J Med 369(2013) 1344ndash1355
12 Munro MG Critchley HO Broder MS Fraser IS
ldquoThe FIGO Classification System (ldquoPALM-COEINrdquo) for causes of abnormaluterine bleeding in non-gravid women in the reproductive yearsincluding guidelines for clinical investigationrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet113(2011) 3ndash13
13 Flake GP Andersen J Dixon DldquoEtiology and pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas a reviewrdquoEnviron Health Perspect 111(2003) 1037ndash1054
15 Lumsden MA Wallace EMldquoClinical presentation of uterine fibroidsrdquoBaillieres Clin ObstetGynaecol 12(1998) 177ndash195
20 Laughlin SK Baird DD Savitz DA Herring AHHartmann KEldquoPrevalence of uterine leiomyomas in the first trimester of pregnancyan ultrasound-screening studyrdquoObstet Gynecol 113(2009) 630ndash635
22 Neiger R Sonek JD Croom CS Ventolini GldquoPregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJReprod Med 51(2006) 671ndash674
23 Hammoud AO Asaad R Berman J Treadwell MC et alldquoVolume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy do myomasreally growrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(2006) 386ndash390
24 Laughlin SK Herring AH Savitz DA Olshan AF et alldquoPregnancy-related fibroid reductionrdquoFertil Steril 94(2010)2421ndash2423
25 De Vivo A Mancuso A Giacobbe A Savasta LM et alldquoUterine myomas during pregnancy a longitudinal sonographic studyrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(2011) 361ndash365
26 Exacoustos C Rosati PldquoUltrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications inpregnancyrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 97ndash101
27 Sheiner E Bashiri A Levy A Hershkovitz R Katz M Mazor MldquoObstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies withuterine leiomyomasrdquoJ Reprod Med 49(2004) 182ndash186
28 Qidwai GI Caughey AB Jacoby AFldquoObstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterineleiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol 107 (2 Pt l) (2006) 376ndash382
29 Vergani P Locatelli A Ghidini A Andreani M Sala FPezzullo JCldquoLarge uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean deliveryrdquoObstetGynecol 109 (2 Pt l) (2007) 410ndash414
30 Chen YH Lin HC Chen SF et al ldquoIncreased risk of preterm births among women with uterineleiomyoma a nationwide population-based studyrdquoHum Reprod24(2009) 3049ndash3056
31 Klatsky PC Tran ND Caughey AB Fujimoto VY
ldquoFibroids and reproductive outcomes a systematic literature review
from conception to deliveryrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 198(2008)
357ndash366
32 Stout MJ Odibo AO Graseck AS Macones GA
Crane JP Cahill AG
ldquoLeiomyomas at routine second-trimester ultrasound examination and
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
PS 4 июля 2015 984115 SOGC о984127у984113ликовало о984113новле-ние к данному Руководству В о984113новленной версиирекомендован СМРп ули984127ристала а984134етата (УД I-А) для
дол984115осрочной тера984127ии 984127рерывистыми курсами АМКсвязанных с миомой матки laquoо984113ъемнымиraquo сим984127томамии для коррек984134ии анемии Экс984127ерты SOGC утверждаютследую984137ее исследования 984127оказывают что laquoули984127ри-стала а984134етат эффективно и 984113езо984127асно контролируеткровотечение и умень984136ает размер миомы у 984113ольныхс сим984127томными миомами Среди всех 984115ормональныхвариантов тера984127ии досту984127ных для жен984137ин с миомойматки ули984127ристала а984134етат о984113ладает самым 984113ыстрымзадокументированным началом действия в контроленад кровотечениемraquo
ЛіТЕРАТУРАREFERENCES
1 Baird DD Dunson DB Hill MC Cousins D Schectman JMldquoHigh cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and whitewomen ultrasound evidencerdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 188(2003)100ndash107
9 Boyd LR Novesky AP Curtin JPldquoEffect of surgical volume on route of hysterectomy and short-termmorbidityrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 909ndash915
11 Bulun SEldquoUterine fibroidsrdquoN Engl J Med 369(2013) 1344ndash1355
12 Munro MG Critchley HO Broder MS Fraser IS
ldquoThe FIGO Classification System (ldquoPALM-COEINrdquo) for causes of abnormaluterine bleeding in non-gravid women in the reproductive yearsincluding guidelines for clinical investigationrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet113(2011) 3ndash13
13 Flake GP Andersen J Dixon DldquoEtiology and pathophysiology of uterine leiomyomas a reviewrdquoEnviron Health Perspect 111(2003) 1037ndash1054
15 Lumsden MA Wallace EMldquoClinical presentation of uterine fibroidsrdquoBaillieres Clin ObstetGynaecol 12(1998) 177ndash195
20 Laughlin SK Baird DD Savitz DA Herring AHHartmann KEldquoPrevalence of uterine leiomyomas in the first trimester of pregnancyan ultrasound-screening studyrdquoObstet Gynecol 113(2009) 630ndash635
22 Neiger R Sonek JD Croom CS Ventolini GldquoPregnancy-related changes in the size of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJReprod Med 51(2006) 671ndash674
23 Hammoud AO Asaad R Berman J Treadwell MC et alldquoVolume change of uterine myomas during pregnancy do myomasreally growrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 13(2006) 386ndash390
24 Laughlin SK Herring AH Savitz DA Olshan AF et alldquoPregnancy-related fibroid reductionrdquoFertil Steril 94(2010)2421ndash2423
25 De Vivo A Mancuso A Giacobbe A Savasta LM et alldquoUterine myomas during pregnancy a longitudinal sonographic studyrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 37(2011) 361ndash365
26 Exacoustos C Rosati PldquoUltrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications inpregnancyrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 97ndash101
27 Sheiner E Bashiri A Levy A Hershkovitz R Katz M Mazor MldquoObstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies withuterine leiomyomasrdquoJ Reprod Med 49(2004) 182ndash186
28 Qidwai GI Caughey AB Jacoby AFldquoObstetric outcomes in women with sonographically identified uterineleiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol 107 (2 Pt l) (2006) 376ndash382
29 Vergani P Locatelli A Ghidini A Andreani M Sala FPezzullo JCldquoLarge uterine leiomyomata and risk of cesarean deliveryrdquoObstetGynecol 109 (2 Pt l) (2007) 410ndash414
30 Chen YH Lin HC Chen SF et al ldquoIncreased risk of preterm births among women with uterineleiomyoma a nationwide population-based studyrdquoHum Reprod24(2009) 3049ndash3056
31 Klatsky PC Tran ND Caughey AB Fujimoto VY
ldquoFibroids and reproductive outcomes a systematic literature review
from conception to deliveryrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 198(2008)
357ndash366
32 Stout MJ Odibo AO Graseck AS Macones GA
Crane JP Cahill AG
ldquoLeiomyomas at routine second-trimester ultrasound examination and
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
39 Knight J Falcone TldquoTissue extraction by morcellation a clinical dilemmardquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014)319ndash320
40 Vilos GA Harding PG Sugimoto AK Ettler HC Bernier MJldquoHysteroscopic endomyometrial resection of three uterine sarcomasrdquoJAm Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 8(2001) 545ndash551
42 Ip PP Tse K Y Tam KFldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors other than the ordinary leiomyomasand leiomyosarcomas a review of selected variants with emphasis on
recent advances and unusual morphology that may cause concern formalignancyrdquoAdv Anat Pathol 17(2010) 91ndash112
43 Vilos GA Marks J Ettler HC Vilos AG et al ldquoUterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potentialdiagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas Report of 2 cases andreview of literaturerdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 288ndash295
44 Cantuaria GH Anglioli R Frost L Duncan R Penalver MAldquoComparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound befo rehysterectomy for uterine leiomyomardquoObstet Gynecol 92(1998)109ndash112
45 Farquhar C Ekeroma A Furness S Arroll BldquoA systematic review of transvaginal ultrasonographysonohysterography and hysteroscopy for the investigation of abnormaluterine bleeding in premenopausal womenrdquoActa Obstet GynecolScand 82(2003) 493ndash504
46 Makris N Kalmantis K Startados N Papadimitriou A et alldquoThree dimensional hysterosonography versus hysteroscopy for thedetection of intracavitary uterine abnormalitiesrdquoInt J Gynecol Obstet95(2007) 6ndash9
47 Vercellini P Crosignani PG Mangioni C Imparato E et alldquoTreatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist beforehysterectomy for leiomyomas results of a multicentre randomizedcontrolled trialrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 105(1998) 1148ndash1154
48 Bradley LD Falcone T Magen ABldquoRadiographic imaging techniques for the diagnosis of abnormaluterine bleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol Clin North Am 27(2000) 245ndash276
49 Adusumilli S Hussain HK Caoili EM Weadock WJ et alldquoMRI of sonographically indeterminate adnexal massesrdquoA JR Am JRoentgenol 187(2006) 732ndash740
50 Dueholm M Lundorf E Hansen ES Ledertoug S Olesen FldquoAccuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and transvaginal
ultrasonography in the diagnosis mapping and measurement ofuterine myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 186(2002) 409ndash415
51 Omary RA Vasireddy S Chrisman HB Ryu RK et alldquoThe effect of pelvic MR imaging on the diagnosis and treatment ofwomen with presumed symptomatic uterine fibroidsrdquoJ Vase IntervRadiol 13(2002) 1149ndash1153
52 Stamatopoulos CP Mikos T Grimbizis GF Dimitriadis AS et alldquoValue of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of adenomyosisand myomas of the uterusrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 19(2012) 620ndash626
53 Myers ER Barber MD Gustilo-Ashby T Couchman G et alldquoManagement of uterine leiomyomata what do we really knowrdquoObstet Gynecol 100(2002) 8ndash17
54 Peddada SD Laughlin SK Miner K Guyon JP et alldquoGrowth of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal black andwhite womenrdquoProc Nad Acad Sci USA 105(2008) 19887ndash19892
55 DeWaay DJ Syrop CH Nygaard IE Davis WA et alldquoNatural history of uterine polyps and leiomyomatardquoObstet Gynecol100(2002) 3ndash7
56 Ang WC Farrell E Vollenhoven BldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapies and selectiveestrogenreceptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterineleiomyomas a systematic reviewrdquoClimacteric 4(2001) 284ndash292
57 Yang CH Lee JN Hsu SC Kuo CH Tsai EMldquoEffect of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids inpostmenopausal women ndash a 3-year studyrdquoMatuntas 43(2002)35ndash39
58 Al-Hendy A Salama SldquoGene therapy and uterine leiomyoma a reviewrdquoHum Reprod Update12(2006) 385ndash400
59 Sayed GH Zakherah MS El-Nashar SA Shaaban MM ldquoA randomized clinical trial of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterinesystem and a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for fibroidndashrelatedmenorrhagiardquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 112(2011) 126ndash130
60 Maruo T Ohara N Yoshida S Nakabayashi K et alldquoTranslational research with progesterone receptor modulatormotivated by the use o f levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systemrdquoContraception 82(2010) 435ndash441
61 Englund K Blanck A Gustavsson I et alldquoSex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids changesduring the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormonetreatmentrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 11(83) (1998) 4092ndash4096
62 Magalhaes J Aldrighi JM de Lima GR
ldquoUterine volume and menstrual patterns in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with idiopathic menorrhagia ormenorrhagia due to leiomyomasrdquoContraception 75(2007) 193ndash198
63 Verspyck E Marpeau L Lucas CldquoLeuprorelin depot 375 mg versus lynestrenol in the preoperativetreatment of symptomatic uterine myomas a multicentre randomisedtrialrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 89(2000) 7ndash13
64 Sangkomkamhang US Lumbiganon P Laopaiboon M Mol BWldquoProgestogens or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems foruterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 2(2013) CD008994
65 Carr BR Marshburn PB Weatherall PT et al ldquoAn evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneanalogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomatavolume by magnetic resonance imaging a prospective randomizeddouble blind placebo-controlled crossover trialrdquoJ Clm EndocrinolMetab 76(1993) 1217ndash1223
66 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Rein MS et alldquoA prospective randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist plus estrogenndashprogestin or progestin ldquoaddbackrdquoregimens forwomen with leiomyomata uterirdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 76 (1993)1439ndash1445
67 Friedman AJ Hoffman DI Comite F et alldquoTreatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot adouble-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study The LeuprolideStudy GrouprdquoObstet Gynecol 77(1991)720ndash725
68 Reissmann T Diedrich K Comaru-Schally AM Schally AVldquoIntroduction of LHRHndashantagonists into the treatment ofgynaecological disordersrdquoHuman Reprod 9(1994) 767ndash769
69 Britten JL Malik M Levy G Mendoza M Catherino WHldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist leuprolide acetateand GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate directly inhibit leiomyomaextracellular matrix productionrdquoFertil Steril 98(2012) 1299ndash1307
70 Panidis D Vavilis D Rousso D et alldquoDanazol influences gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamiclevelrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 45(1994) 241ndash246
71 ACOG Committee on Practice Bull etins ndash GynecologyldquoACOG practice bul letin surgical alternatives to hysterectomy inthe management of leiomyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 73(2001)285ndash294
72 Ke LQ Yang K Li J Li CMldquoDanazol for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 3(20 09)CD007692
73 Sumitani H Shozu M Segawa T Murakami KYang HJ Shimada K et alldquoIn situ estrogen synthesized by aromatase P450 in uterine leiomyomacells promotes cell growth probably via an autocrineintracrinemechanismrdquoEndocrinology 141(2000) 3852ndash3861
74 Song H Lu D Navaratnam K Shi GldquoAromatase inhibitors for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev10(2013) CD009505
75 Wakeling AE Dukes M Bowler JldquoA potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potentialrdquoCancer Res51(1991)3867ndash3873
76 Donnez J Hervais Vivancos B Kudela M et alldquoA randomized placebo-controlled dose-ranging trial comparingfulvestrant with goserelin in premenopausal patients with uterinefibroids awaiting hysterectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003) 1380ndash1389
77 Dutertre M Smith CLldquoMolecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM) actionrdquoJ Pharmacol Exp Ther 295(2000) 431ndash437
78 Deng L Wu T Chen XY Xie L Yang JldquoSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterineleiomyomasrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 10(2012) CD005287
80 Maruo T Ohara N Wang J Matsuo HldquoSex steroidal regulation of u terine leiomyoma growth and apoptosisrdquoHum Reprod Update 10(2004) 207ndash220
81 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Nanbu Y et alldquoMitotic activity in uterine leiomyomas during the menstrual cyclerdquoAmJ Obstet Gynecol 160(1989) 637ndash641
82 Kawaguschi K Fujn S Konishi I Iwai T et alldquoImmunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptorsprogesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometriumduring the menstrual cycle and pregnanc yrdquo Virchows Arch A PatholAnat Histopathol 419(1991) 309ndash315
83 Seagaloff A Weed JC Sternberg WH Parson W
ldquoThe progesterone therapy of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ClinEndocrinol Metab 9(1949) 1273ndash1291
84 Friedman AJ Daly M Juneau-Norcross M Gleason R et alldquoLong-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri a prospectiverandomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogenndashprogestin or progestin c add-backrsquofor 2 yearsrdquoHum Reprod 9(1994)1618ndash1625
85 Chwalisz K Perez MC Demanno D Winkel C et alldquoSelective progesterone receptor modulator development and usein the treatment of leiomyomata and endometriosisrdquoEndocr Rev26(2005) 423ndash438
86 Shen Q Hua Y Jiang W Zhang W et alldquoEffects of mifepristone on uterine leiomyoma in premenopausalwomen a meta-analysisrdquoFertil Steril 100(2013) 1722ndash1726
87 Chabbert-Buffet N Pintiaux-Kairis A Bouchard PVA2914 Study GroupldquoEffects of the progesterone receptor modulator VA2914 in acontinuous low dose on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis andendometrium in normal women a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(2007) 3582ndash3589
88 Donnez J Tatarchuk TF Bouchard P Puscasiu LZakharenko NF Ivanova T et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus placebo for fibroid treatment before surgeryrdquoN Engl J Med 366(2012) 409ndash420
89 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard PLemieszczuk B Baro F et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
90 Donnez J Vazquez F Tomaszewski J Noun K et alldquoPEARL III and PEARL III Extension Study Group Long-term treatmentof uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetaterdquoFertil Steril 101(6) (2014)1565ndash1573
91 Weber AM Mitchinson AR Gidwani GP Mascha EWalters MDldquoUterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy inpremenopausal womenrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 176(1997) 1213ndash1217
92 Friedman AJ Haas STldquoShould uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention inwomen with myomasrdquoAm J Obstet Gynecol 168 (3 Pt 10) (1993)751ndash755
93 Lefebvre G Allaire A Jeffrey J Vilos GldquoHysterectomy Society of Obstetricians Clinical Practice CommitteeSOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines No 109 January 2002rdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 24(2002) 37ndash48
94 Thakar R Ayers S Clarkson P Stanton S Manyonda IldquoOutcomes after total versus subtotal abdominal hysterectomyrdquoN EnglJ Med 347(2002) 1318ndash1325
95 Learman LA Summitt RL Jr Varner REMcNeeley SG et alldquoTotal or Supracervical Hysterectomy (TOSH) Research Group Arandomized comparison of total or supracervical hysterectomy surgicalcomplications and clinical outcomesrdquoObstet Gynecol 102(2003)453ndash462
96 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)ldquoPractice report practice guidelines for laparoscopicsubtotal supracervicalhysterectomyrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 21(2014) 9ndash16
97 Garcia CRldquoManagement of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40years of age hysterectomy or myomectomyrdquo Obstet Gynecol ClinNorth Am 20(1993)337-338
100 Cagnacci A Pirillo D Malmusi S Arangino SAlessandrini C Volpe A ldquoEarly outcome of myomectomy by laparotomy minilaparotomy andlaparoscopically assisted minilaparotomy A randomized prospectivestudyrdquoHum Reprod 18(2003) 2590ndash2594
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
101 American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL)Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL practice report practice guidelines for the diagnosis andmanagement of submucous leiomyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol19(2012) 152ndash171
103 College National des Gynecologues et Obstetnciens Frangais
(CNGOF)ldquoActualisation de la prise en charge des myomes (Myoma managementrecommandations)rdquoJ Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 40(2011) 693ndash708
104 Wamsteker K Emanuel MH de Kruif JHldquoTranscervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids forabnormal uterine bleeding results regarding the degree of intramuralextensionrdquoObstet Gynecol 82(1993) 736ndash740
106 Emanuel MH Wamsteker K Hart AA Metz G Lammes FBldquoLong-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoObstet Gynecol 93 (5 Pt l) (1999) 743ndash748
107 Hart R Molnar BG Magos AldquoLong-term follow-up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed bysurvical analysisrdquoBr J Obstet Gynaecol 106(1999) 700ndash705
108 Marziani R Mossa B Ebano V Periola G et alldquoTranscervical myomectomy long-term effects on abnormal uterinebleedingrdquoClin Exp Obstet Gynecol 32(2005) 23ndash26
109 Bradley LDldquoComplications in hysteroscopy prevention treatment and legal riskrdquoCurr Opin Obstet Gynecol 14(2002) 409ndash415
110 Vilos GAChapter on hysteroscopic surgery indications contraindicationsand complications In Pasic R Levine RA Practical manual ofhysteroscopy and endometrial ablation a clinical cookbook BocaRaton FL CRC Press (2004) 237ndash258
115 Jin C Hu Y Chen XC Zheng FY Lin F Zhou K et alldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy ndash a meta-analysis ofrandomized controlled trialsrdquoEur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol145(2009) 14ndash21
116 Holzer A Jirecek ST Illievich UM Huber J Wenzl RJ ldquoLaparoscopic versus open myomectomy a double-blind study toevaluate postoperative painrdquoAnesth Analg 102(2006 ) 1480ndash1484
117 Alessandri F Lijoi D Mistrangelo E Ferrero S Ragni NldquoRandomized study of laparoscopic versus minilaparotomicmyomectomy for uterine myomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol13(2006) 92ndash97
118 Malzoni M Tirelli R Cosentino F Luzzolino D et al ldquoLaparoscopy versus minilaparotomy in women with symptomaticuterine myomas short-term and fertility resultsrdquoFertil Steril93(2010) 2368ndash2373
119 Sinha R Hegde A Warty N Patil NldquoLaparoscopic excision of very large myomasrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 10(2003) 461ndash468
121 Lemyre M Bujold E Lathi R Bhagan L et alldquoComparison of morbidity associated with lap aroscopic myomectomyand hysterectomy for the treatment of uterine leiomyomasrdquoJ ObstetGynaecol Can 34(2012) 57ndash62
122 Gyamfi-Bannerman C Gilbert S Landon MB et al
ldquoEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and HumanDevelopment (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) NetworkRisk of uterine rupture and placenta accreta with prior uterine surgeryoutside of the lower segmentrdquoObstet Gynecol 120(2012) 1332ndash1337
123 Kumakiri J Takeuchi H Itoh S Kitade M et alldquoProspective evaluation for the feasibility and safety of vaginal birthafter laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 15(2008)420ndash424
124 Seracchioli R Manuzzi L Vianello F Gualerzi B et alldquoObstetric and delivery outcome of pregnancies achieved afterlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFer til Steril 86(2006) 159ndash165
127 Dicle O Kucukler C Pirnar T Erata Y Posaci CldquoMagnetic resonance imaging evaluation of incision healing aftercesarean sectionsrdquoEur Radiol 7 (1997) 31ndash34
128 Seracchioli R Rossi S Govoni F Rossi E et alldquoFertility and obstetric outcome after laparoscopic myomectomy of large
myomata a randomized comparison with abdominal myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod 15(2000) 2663ndash2668
129 Hurst BS Matthew ML Marshburn PBldquoLaparoscopic myomectomy for symptomatic uterine myomasrdquoFertilSteril 83(2005) 1ndash23
130 Prapas Y Kalogiannidis I Prapas NldquoLaparoscopy vs laparoscopically assisted myomectomy in themanagement of uterine myomas a prospective studyrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 200(2009) 144ndash146
131 Wright JD Ananth CV Lewin SN Burke WM et alldquoRobotically assisted vs laparoscopic hysterectomy among women with
132 Gargiulo AR Srouji SS Missmer SA Correia KF et alldquoRobot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy compared with standardlaparoscopic myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol120 (2 Pt 1) (2012) 284ndash291
133 Liu H Lu D Wang L Shi G Song H Clarke JldquoRobotic surgery for benign gynaecological diseaserdquoCochraneDatabase Syst Rev 2(2012) CD008978
134 AAGL Advancing Minimally Invasive Gynecology WorldwideldquoAAGL position statement robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery inbenign gynecologyrdquoJ Minim Invasiv Gynecol 20(2013) 2ndash9
136 Sizzi O Rossetti A Malzoni M Minelli L et alldquoItalian multicenter study on complications of lapa roscopicmyomectomyrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 453ndash462
137 Cucinella G Granese R Calagna G Somigliana E Perino AldquoParasitic myomas after laparoscopic surgery an emergingcomplication in the use of morcellator Description of four casesrdquoFertilSteril 96(2011) 90ndash96
138 Hilger WS Magrina JFldquoRemoval of pelvic leiomyomata and endometriosis five years aftersupracervical hysterectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 108 (3 Pt 2) (2006)772ndash774
139 Hutchins FL Jr Reinoehl EMldquoRetained myoma after laparoscopic supracer vical hysterectomy withmorcellationrdquoJ Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 5(1998) 293ndash295
140 Ordulu Z Dal Cin P Chong WWS Choy KW et alldquoDisseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis after laparoscopicsupracervical hysterectomy with characteristic molecular cytogeneticfindings of uterine leiomyomardquoGenes Chromosomes Cancer 49(2010)1152ndash1160
141 Sinha R Sundaram M Mahajan C Sambhus AldquoMultiple leiomyomas after laparoscopic hysterectomy report of twocasesrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 14(2007) 123ndash127
142 Worthington-Kirsch R Hutchins FJ JrldquoRetained myoma fragment after LASH procedurerdquoClin Radiol56(2001) 777ndash778
143 Sinha R Sundaram M Lakhotia SldquoRecurrent leiomyomatosisrdquoJ Minim Invas Gynecol 16(2009) 668
144 Ribic-Pucelj M Cvjeticanin B Salamun VldquoLeiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata as a possible result o flaparoscopic myomectomy ndash report of four casesrdquoGynecol Surg10(2013) 253ndash256
146 Health CanadaLaparoscopic electric morcellators ndash risk of spread of unsuspected
uterine sarcoma ndash notice to hospitals Ottawa Health Canada (2014)151 Mussalam KM Tamim HM Richards T et alldquoPreoperative anaemia and postoperative outcomes in non-cardiacsurgery a retrospective cohort studyrdquoLancet 378(980) (2011)1396ndash1407
152 Lethaby A Vollenhoven B Sowter MldquoPre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy ormyomectomy for uterine fibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev(2)2001 CD000547
153 Chen I Motan T Kiddoo DldquoGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in laparoscopicmyomectomy systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trialsrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 18(2011) 303ndash309
154 De Falco M Staibano S Mascolo M et alldquoLeiomyoma pseudocapsuleafter pre-surgical treatment withgonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists relationship between
clinical features and immunohistochemical changesrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 144(2009) 44ndash47
155 Mavrelos D BenndashNagi J Davies A Lee C et alldquoThe value of pre-operative treatment with GnRH analogues in womenwith submucous fibroids a double-blind placebo-controlled randomizedtrialrdquoHum Reprod 25(2010) 2264ndash2269
156 Chang FW Yu MH Ku CH Chen CH Wu GJ Liu JYldquoEffect of uterotonics on intra-operative blood loss during laparoscopyndash assisted vaginal hysterectomy a randomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG113(2006) 47ndash52
157 Celik H Sapmaz E
ldquoUse of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol is efficacious forpatients who undergo abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 79(2003)1207ndash1210
158 Frederick S Frederick J Fletcher H Reid M et alldquoA trial comparing the use of rectal misoprostol plus perivascularvasopressin with perivascular vasopressin alone to decreasemyometrial bleeding at the time of abdominal myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 100(2013) 1044ndash1049
160 Cesen-Cummings K Houston KD Copland JA et alldquoUterine leiomyomas express myometrial contractile-associatedproteins involved in pregnancy-related hormone signalingrdquoJ SocGynecol Investig 10(2003) 11ndash20
161 Wang CJ Yuen LT Yen CF Lee CL Soong YKldquoA simplified method to decrease operative bloodloss in laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterusrdquoJ Am Assoc GynecolLaparosc 11(2004) 370ndash373
162 Kongnyuy EJ Wiysonge CSldquoInterventions to reduce haemorrhage during myomectomy forfibroidsrdquoCochrane Database Syst Rev 11(2011) CD005355
163 Riess ML Ulrichs JG Pagel PS Woehlck HJldquoCase report severe vasospasm mimics hypotension after high-doseintrauterine vasopressinrdquoAnesth Analg 113(2011) 1103ndash1105
165 Ginsburg ES Benson CB Garfield JM et alldquoThe effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss duringmyomectomy a prospective randomized studyrdquoFertil Steril 60(1993)956ndash962
166 Fletcher H Frederick J Hardie M Simeon DldquoA randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet ashemostatic agents during myomectomyrdquoObstet Gynecol 87(1996)1014ndash1018
167 Zhao F Jiao Y Guo Z Hou R Wang MldquoEvaluation of loop ligation of larger myoma pseudocapsule combined
with vasopressin on laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011)762ndash766
168 Zullo F Palomba S Corea D Pellicano M et alldquoBupivacaine plus epinephrine for laparoscopic myomectomy arandomized placebo-controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 104(2004)243ndash249
169 Wellington K Wagstaff AJldquoTranexamic acid a review of its use in the management ofmenorrhagiardquoDrugs 63(2003) 1417ndash1433
170 Caglar GS Tasci Y Kayikcioglu F Haberal AldquoIntravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy a prospectiverandomized double-blind placebo controlled studyrdquoEur J ObstetGynecol Reprod Biol 137(2008) 227ndash231
171 Bae JH Chong GO Seong WJ Hong DG Lee YSldquoBenefit of uterine arter y ligation in laparoscopic myomectomyrdquoFertilSteril 95(2011) 775ndash778
172 Chang WC Huang PS Wang PH Chang DY et alldquoComparison of laparoscopic myomectomy using in situ morcellationwith and without uterine artery ligation for treatment of symptomaticmyomasrdquoJ Minim Invasive Gynecol 19(2012) 715ndash721
173 Ikechebelu JI Ezeama CO Obiechina NJldquoThe use of tourniquet to reduce blood lo ss at myomectomyrdquoNiger JClin Pract 13(2010) 154ndash158
174 Taylor A Sharma M Tsirkas P Di Spiezio Sardo A et al ldquoReducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets arandomised controlled trialrdquoBJOG 112(2005) 340ndash345
175 Tinelli A Malvasi A Guido M Tsin DA Hudelist G Hurst Bet alldquoAdhesion formation after intracapsular myomectomy with or withoutadhesion barrierrdquoFertil Steril 95(2011) 1780ndash1785
176 Mettler L Hucke J Bojahr B Tinneberg HR et alldquoA safety and efficacy study of a resorbable hydrogel for reduction
of post-operative adhesions following myomectomyrdquoHum Reprod23(2008) 1093ndash1100
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits
177 Takeuchi H Kitade M Kikuchi I et alldquoAdhesion-prevention effects of fibrin sealants after laparoscopicmyomectomy as determined by second-look laparoscopy aprospective randomized controlled studyrdquoJ Reprod Med 50(2005)571ndash577
179 Pron G Mocarski E Bennett J Vilos G et alldquoOntario UFE Collaborative Group Pregnancy after uterine arteryembolization for leiomyomata the Ontario multicenter trialrdquoObstetGynecol 105(2005) 67ndash76
180 Mara M Kubinova KldquoEmbolization of uterine fibroids from the point of view of thegynecologist pros and consrdquoInt J Womens Health 6(2014) 623ndash629
181 Martin J Bhanot K Athreya SldquoComplications and reinterventions in uterine artery embolization forsymptomatic uterine fibroids a literature review and meta-analysisrdquoCardiovasc Intervent Radiol 36(2013) 395ndash402
182 Zupi E Sbracia M Marconi D Munro MGldquoMyolysis of uterine fibroids is there a rolerdquoClin Obstet Gynecol49(2006) 821ndash833
183 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) IPG 413 magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focusedultrasound for uterine fibroids London NICE (2014)
184 Ghezzi F Cromi A Bergamini V Scarperi S et alldquoMidterm outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation forsymptomatic uterine myomasrdquoSurg Endosc 21(2007) 2081ndash2085
185 Pansky M Cowan BD Frank M Hampton HL Zimberg SldquoLaparoscopically assisted uterine fibroid cryoablationrdquoAm J ObstetGynecol 201(2009) 571ndash577
186 Bourlev V Pavlovitch S Stygar D Volkov N et alldquoDifferent proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versuscentral parts of human uterine leiomyomasrdquoGynecol Obstet Invest55(2003) 199ndash204
190 Munro MG Southern California Permanente Medical GrouprsquosAbnormal Uterine Bleeding Working GroupldquoAcute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy a Southern CaliforniaPermanente Medical Group practice guidelinerdquoPerm J 17(2013)43ndash56
191 Friedman AJldquoCombined oestrogen-progestin treatment of vaginal hemorrhagefollowing gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy of uterinemyomasrdquoHum Reprod 8(1993) 540ndash542
192 Thomas MA Gass ML Scott MC Liu JHldquoMultiple therapies for vaginal bleeding secondary to large uterinemyomasrdquoInt J Gynaecol Obstet 36(1991) 239ndash241
193 Lakhari KP Marsh MS Purcell W Hardiman PldquoUterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctionaluterine bleeding and uterine fibroids the effects o f tranexamic acidrdquoUltrasound Obstet Gynecol 11(1998) 23ndash28
194 Lukes AS Moore IA Muse KN Gersten JK et alldquoTranexamic acid treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding arandomized controlled trialrdquoObstet Gynecol 116(2010) 865ndash875
195 Naoulou B Tsai MCldquoEfficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding a systematic reviewrdquoActa ObstetGynecol Scand 91(2012) 529ndash537
196 Lindoff C Rybo G Astedt BldquoTreatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy and the riskof thrombo-embolic complicationsrdquoThromb Haemost 70(1993)238ndash240
197 Sundstrom A Seaman H Kieler H Alfredsson LldquoThe risk of venous thromboembolism associated with the use oftranexamic acid and other drugs used to treat menorrhagia a case-control study using the General Practice Research DatabaserdquoBJ OG116(2009) 91ndash97
198 Donnez J Tomaszewski J Vazquez F Bouchard P et alldquoUlipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroidsrdquoN EnglJ Med 366(2012) 421ndash432
199 Hamani Y Ben-Shachar I Kalish Y Porat SldquoIntrauterine balloon tamponade as a treatment for immunethrombocytopenic purpura- induced severe uterine bleedingrdquoFertilSteril 94 (2010) 2769e13ndash2769e15
200 Goldrath MHldquoUterine tamponade for the control of acute uterine bleedingrdquoAm J
Obstet Gynecol 147(1983) 869ndash872
201 Thorp JM Katz VLldquoSubmucous myomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormoneagonist and resulting in vaginal hemorrhage A case reportrdquoJ ReprodMed 36(1991) 625ndash626
202 Richards SRldquoEndometrial ablation for life-threatening abnormal uterine bleedingA report of two casesrdquoJ Reprod Med 39(1994) 741ndash742
203 Osuga Y Okagaki R Ozaki S Matsumi H et alldquoSuccessful emergency endometrial ablation for intractable uterinebleeding in a postmenopausal woman complicated with liver cirrhosisand morbid obesityrdquoSurg Endosc 15(2001) 898
984122линические практические рекомендации 984126бщества акушеров и гинекологов 984122анады
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобритания Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек КанадаNicholas Leyland д мед н Гамильтон Канада
Цели ознакомить врачей с информацией относительно патофизиологии распространенности и клинической значимости миомы матки а также оптимальных методов леченияна основе доказательной медицины
Методы диагностические методики методы лечения консервативные методы миолиза селективная окклюзия маточных артерий и хирургические альтернативы включаямиомэктомию и гистерэктомию
Результаты внедрение этого руководства должно оптимизировать процесс принятия решения пациентками и врачами по вопросам дальнейшего наблюдения или лечениялейомиомы оценки течения заболевания и возможных способов лечения рисков и ожидаемых преимуществ
ВЕДЕННЯ ЛЕЙ984126МІ984126М984120 М984112984130984122984120
984122лінічні практичні рекомендації 984130овариства ак ушерів та гінекологів 984122анади
George A Vilos д мед н Лондон Великобританія Catherine Allaire д мед н Ванкувер Канада Philippe-Yves Laberge д мед н Квебек Канада
Nicholas Leyland д мед н Гамільтон Канада
Мета ознайомити лікарів з інформацією щодо патофізіології поширеності та клінічної значущості міоми матки а також оптимальних методів лікування на основі доказовоїмедицини
Методи діагностичні методики методи лікування консервативні методи міолізу селективна оклюзія маткових артерій і хірургічні альтернативи в тому числі міомектомія тагістеректомія
Результати впровадження цього керівництва повинно оптимізувати процес прийняття рішення пацієнтками та лікарями з питань подальшого спостереження або лікуваннялейоміоми оцінки перебігу захворювання та можливих варіантів лікування ризиків і очікуваних переваг
George A Vilos MD London Catherine Allaire MD Vancouver Philippe-Yves Laberge MD Quebec Nicholas Leyland MD Hamilton
Objectives The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology prevalence and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence availableon treatment modalities
Options The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment medical treatments conservative treatments of myolysis selective uterine artery occlusionand surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy
Outcomes Implementation of this guideline should optimize the decision-making process of women and their health care providers in proceeding with fur ther investigation or therapy foruterine leiomyomas having considered the disease process and available treatment options and reviewed the risks and anticipated benefits