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JOINTSThis presentation I created is my Report in

my Anatomy class though I apply the changes given in the instructions ®

JOINTSArticulations and Arthrosis ®

Orientation on Joints

Structural Classification of Joints based on anatomical characteristics presence/absence of space between the two articulating bones type of connective tissue that binds the bones together

1. fibrous joints• no synovial cavity• fibrous connective tissue rich in collagen fibers

2. cartilaginous joints• no synovial cavity• hyaline or fibrocartilage

3. synovial joints• with synovial cavity• dense irregular connective tissue with accessory ligaments

Functional Classification of Joints

Synarthrosis

Amphiarthrosis

Diarthrosis

Know Now!

Classification of Joints – structural and functional characteristics

1. fibrous joints• suture – unites bones of skull, synarthrosis• syndesmoses – greater distance between articulating bones, fibrous connective tissue as a bundle (ligament) or as a sheet (interosseus membrane), amphiarthrosis• gomphoses – peg and socket, roots of teeth with the sockets of the maxillae and mandible, fibrous connective tissue: periodontal ligament, synarthrosis

Classification of Joints – structural and functional characteristics

2. cartilaginous joints synchondroses –

hyaline cartilage, ex. epiphyseal plates, 1st rib and manubrium, synarthrosis

symphyses – articulating bones covered with hyaline but are connected with a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage, ex. pubic symphyses, intervertebral discs, amphiarthrosis

types of synovial joints

3. pivot – rounded/pointed with ring formed by bone and ligament• movement: rotation • atlanto-axial joint, radioulnar

Classification of Joints – structural and functional characteristics

3. synovial joints – reduces friction, absorbs shock, permits movement (diarthrosis)

structures:• articular cartilage – hyaline or fibrocartilage• articular capsule – inner synovial membrane and

outer fibrous capsule• synovial fluid – hyaluronic acid and interstitial

fluid, for the lubrication and supply of nutrients, removal of wastes

• accessory ligaments and articular discs – extracapsular ligaments, intracapsular ligaments

types of synovial joints

1. planar – flat or slightly curved surfaces• movement: side to side, back and forth• intercarpal, intertarsal, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular,

sternocostal, vertebrocostal2. hinge – convex/concave surfaces

• movement: angular, opening and closing• knee, elbow, ankle, interphalangeal

types of synovial joints

4. condyloid/ellipsoidal – convex oval-oval depression movement: biaxial (up and down, side to side) wrist, metacarpophalangeal

5. saddle – saddle and rider• movement: side to side, up and down• carpometacarpal joint (thumb)

types of synovial joints

6. ball and socket – ball-like and cup-like • multiaxial• shoulder and hip