My Life’s a Circle
My Life’s a Circle
Matter Cycles
the movement of INORGANIC materials from the atmosphere or soil into living ORGANISMS and back again.
WATER CYCLE
WATER IN ATMOSPHERE
PRECIPITATION EVAPORATION
WATER /ICE
WATER CYCLE
EVAPORATION - liquid to gas PRECIPITATION - gas to liquid Organisms return water to the atmosphere
through TRANSPIRATION, PERSPIRATION, and EXCRETION
Carbon/Oxygen Cycle
CARBON DIOXIDE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION
OXYGEN
Carbon/Oxygen Cycle
Photosynthesis – plants use CARBON DIOXIDE and release OXYGEN
Respiration – plants and animals use OXYGEN and release CARBON DIOXIDE
Carbon/Oxygen Cycle
Burning of FOSSIL FUELS increases the amount of CARBON DIOXIDE in the atmosphere.
This may be increasing the temperature. (GREENHOUSE effect)
Nitrogen Cycle
NITROGEN GAS
NITROGEN FIXATION
DENITRIFICATION
NITRATES
ANIMALS PLANTS
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen is necessary to make AMINO ACIDS
Nitrogen FIXATION is done by plants containing rhizobium bacteria.
DENITRIFICATION is the returning of nitrogen into the atmosphere
Biotic Potential
The rate at which a POPULATION will grow if all individuals SURVIVE and REPRODUCE at maximum capacity.
Growth Curve
Lag Phase – little or no increase in a population
Exponential Phase – population DOUBLES in a specific time interval and keeps DOUBLING in increasingly shorter periods of time.
Exponential Phase
Time
Lag Phase
Carrying Capacity
The MAXIMUM number of individuals that the ecosystem is capable of SUPPORTING.
Carrying Capacity
Lag Phase
Exponential Phase
Time
Limits to Growth
Density-dependent factors Density-independent factors
Density-dependent factors
As the DENSITY changes, these factors changeSpaceFoodPredators
Density-independent factors
Factors that affect population that have nothing to do with DENSITYClimate changesNatural disaster
Succession
The gradual, SEQUENTIAL replacement of POPULATIONS in an area
Pioneer Species
The first SPECIES to colonize an area
Seral Community
Intermediate COMMUNITIES
Climax Community
A community that will remain STABLE as long as it is left undisturbed
Primary succession
The sequential REPLACEMENT of populations of an area that has not previously supported LIFE
Example: Sand dunes, volcanic rock, glaciers removing soil, pavement
Secondary succession
The sequential REPLACEMENT of populations in DISRUPTED habitats that have not been totally stripped of soil and vegetation.
Example: FOREST FIRE, LOGGING, FARMING, MINING
Old field succession – Replacement of populations in abandoned farm fields
Succession in lakes
The transformation of CRYSTAL CLEAR BODIES OF WATER to dry LAND
Eutrophication
An increase in the amount of NUTRIENTS in an environment
Eutrophic
A lake with many NUTRIENTS in it.