Dec 21, 2015
My CategorizationMy Categorization
Free-Viewing Displays SIRDS Stereo Pairs Barrier-Strip Lenticular
Aided-Viewing Displays Anaglyph Polarized Field-Sequential
Free-Viewing Displays SIRDS Stereo Pairs Barrier-Strip Lenticular
Aided-Viewing Displays Anaglyph Polarized Field-Sequential
Tradeoffs ConsideredTradeoffs Considered How easy/cheap is it to construct? How easy is it to view?
How pronounced is the effect?
How many people can view the display with stereopsis at the same time?
How easy is it to make an animated version of the display?
How easy/cheap is it to construct? How easy is it to view?
How pronounced is the effect?
How many people can view the display with stereopsis at the same time?
How easy is it to make an animated version of the display?
Cost
Usability
Effectiveness
Multi-viewer
Animation
Displays for the naked eyeDisplays for the naked eye
Multi-viewer is easy because people come naturally equipped
Cost, usability, effectivness, and animation vary greatly
SIRDS Stereo Pairs Barrier-Strip Lenticular
Multi-viewer is easy because people come naturally equipped
Cost, usability, effectivness, and animation vary greatly
SIRDS Stereo Pairs Barrier-Strip Lenticular
Single Image Random Dot Stereograms (SIRDS)
Single Image Random Dot Stereograms (SIRDS)
Commonly known as “Magic Eye” Appear to be noise -- they are! (with
constrains) Guide dots (if provided) indicate propert
convergence depth Only depth cue is stereo-disparity so the stereo-blind (10% of population) never see anything but noise!
Commonly known as “Magic Eye” Appear to be noise -- they are! (with
constrains) Guide dots (if provided) indicate propert
convergence depth Only depth cue is stereo-disparity so the stereo-blind (10% of population) never see anything but noise!
RemarksRemarks
Notoriously difficult to view Encode little visual information Depth data is quantized (integral pixel offsets) Extremely cheap to produce (with a computer) Animation is possible (makes them easier to view
as well)
Notoriously difficult to view Encode little visual information Depth data is quantized (integral pixel offsets) Extremely cheap to produce (with a computer) Animation is possible (makes them easier to view
as well)
Stereo Image PairsStereo Image Pairs
Simplest form of autostereograms Landmarks in image act a guides to aid in
finding proper convergence More angular adjustment of eyes is required
than in SIRDS Higher image quality at the cost of more
difficult viewing
Simplest form of autostereograms Landmarks in image act a guides to aid in
finding proper convergence More angular adjustment of eyes is required
than in SIRDS Higher image quality at the cost of more
difficult viewing
RemarksRemarks
Simplest to produce (darkroom, hand, software,etc.)
Compelling depth effect Viewable by many people at once High-strain with extended viewing Strain limits animation
Simplest to produce (darkroom, hand, software,etc.)
Compelling depth effect Viewable by many people at once High-strain with extended viewing Strain limits animation
Barrier Strip DisplaysBarrier Strip Displays
Making viewers consciously adjust their ocular convergence is uncomfortable for some, impossible for others.
Barrier strip displays use a grill of occluding elements to block view of images from either eye
Viewers must be in certain locations to see effect (angle and distance are tuned)
Making viewers consciously adjust their ocular convergence is uncomfortable for some, impossible for others.
Barrier strip displays use a grill of occluding elements to block view of images from either eye
Viewers must be in certain locations to see effect (angle and distance are tuned)
RemarksRemarks
Encode clean stereo disparity information Comfortable for extended viewing (natural
convergence point) Barriers block 50% of light going in and out, usually
requres backlighting Harder to construct (ugly trig) Rigid and expensive (structure requred to maintain
barrier spacing) Animation is no harder than still Commercial equipment available for medical imaging
Encode clean stereo disparity information Comfortable for extended viewing (natural
convergence point) Barriers block 50% of light going in and out, usually
requres backlighting Harder to construct (ugly trig) Rigid and expensive (structure requred to maintain
barrier spacing) Animation is no harder than still Commercial equipment available for medical imaging
Lenticular DisplaysLenticular Displays
Defeat brightness problem of BS by controlling ray path with lenses instead of barriers
Array of long cylindrical lenses (per pixel column) refract light to places with same distance constraint as BS, continuous angle
100% of light passes in and out, no backlighting necessary
Wider field of view (limited by TIR and self-occlusion)
Defeat brightness problem of BS by controlling ray path with lenses instead of barriers
Array of long cylindrical lenses (per pixel column) refract light to places with same distance constraint as BS, continuous angle
100% of light passes in and out, no backlighting necessary
Wider field of view (limited by TIR and self-occlusion)
RemarksRemarks
Animation is possible with still source images using motion of viewer
Able to ~reproduce lightfield More expensive/complex than BS with
higher quality and less contraints Drop-in graphics libraries can turn any 3d
program into a lenticular display source
Animation is possible with still source images using motion of viewer
Able to ~reproduce lightfield More expensive/complex than BS with
higher quality and less contraints Drop-in graphics libraries can turn any 3d
program into a lenticular display source
Displays with special viewing hardware
Displays with special viewing hardware
Hardware can enable better {usability, effectiveness, multi-viewer, animation} at the cost of cost -- the normal technology vs nature tradeoff.
Anaglyph Polarized Field-sequential Dual display
Hardware can enable better {usability, effectiveness, multi-viewer, animation} at the cost of cost -- the normal technology vs nature tradeoff.
Anaglyph Polarized Field-sequential Dual display
AnaglyphAnaglyph
Nerdy/Cool red-blue glasses Cyan, not blue! Two images overlap (like SIRDS) but are
differentiated by color Filters over each eye collect light from one
image but not the other Works based on intensity of light -- colorblind people see them fine!
Nerdy/Cool red-blue glasses Cyan, not blue! Two images overlap (like SIRDS) but are
differentiated by color Filters over each eye collect light from one
image but not the other Works based on intensity of light -- colorblind people see them fine!
RemarksRemarks
Convergence is natural Crosstalk can be annoying “Color bombardment” causes strain and after-effects Strain limits long term viewing Same depth resolution/quality as raw stereo pair Small incremental cost Easy to make with (software/hand) Animation is easy
Convergence is natural Crosstalk can be annoying “Color bombardment” causes strain and after-effects Strain limits long term viewing Same depth resolution/quality as raw stereo pair Small incremental cost Easy to make with (software/hand) Animation is easy
Polarized DisplaysPolarized Displays
Approach is similar to anaglyph Polarization differentiates L-R channels Requires two polarized light projectors
(instead of just a printed page) Screen must be polarization-preserving Light loss and crosstalk occur when uses tilt
head
Approach is similar to anaglyph Polarization differentiates L-R channels Requires two polarized light projectors
(instead of just a printed page) Screen must be polarization-preserving Light loss and crosstalk occur when uses tilt
head
RemarksRemarks
The cost-wise step up from anaglyph Completely natural viewing experience No strain (unless glasses cramp your style) Ideal for theaters (IMAX), because high up-
front costs and low incremental costs
The cost-wise step up from anaglyph Completely natural viewing experience No strain (unless glasses cramp your style) Ideal for theaters (IMAX), because high up-
front costs and low incremental costs
Field Sequential DisplaysField Sequential Displays
Polarized projectors and screens do not make economic sense on a single-user scale
Move system complexity to the glasses from the display
LCD shutters over each eye control light flow from conventional display (monitor/projector)
Inexpensive control box triggers shutter Several (expensive) glasses can be driven by one
control box
Polarized projectors and screens do not make economic sense on a single-user scale
Move system complexity to the glasses from the display
LCD shutters over each eye control light flow from conventional display (monitor/projector)
Inexpensive control box triggers shutter Several (expensive) glasses can be driven by one
control box
RemarksRemarks
Convergence is natural (still) Some crosstalk can occur with lingering
phosphors, slow shutters, synchronization issues
Cost is proportional to the number of viewers
Convergence is natural (still) Some crosstalk can occur with lingering
phosphors, slow shutters, synchronization issues
Cost is proportional to the number of viewers
Dual DisplaysDual Displays
Enough monkey business, just stick a monitor in front of each eye.
Heavy (and expensive) headgear provides bright, immersive experience
Can be combined with headphones and head tracking to modify experience based on head movement
Enough monkey business, just stick a monitor in front of each eye.
Heavy (and expensive) headgear provides bright, immersive experience
Can be combined with headphones and head tracking to modify experience based on head movement
RemarksRemarks
Expensive Completely natural focus (lenses embedded
in headgear) Very effective Animation is standard Only one user at a time Prices are dropping
Expensive Completely natural focus (lenses embedded
in headgear) Very effective Animation is standard Only one user at a time Prices are dropping
ConclusionsConclusions Noooooo! My awesome comparison matrix is gone! Usability
Lenticular and dual displays are best Effectiveness
SIRDS and anaglyph are the worst Multi-viewer
Barrier-strip and dual displays have the most constrains Animation
Its always possible but strain limits application to videos
Noooooo! My awesome comparison matrix is gone! Usability
Lenticular and dual displays are best Effectiveness
SIRDS and anaglyph are the worst Multi-viewer
Barrier-strip and dual displays have the most constrains Animation
Its always possible but strain limits application to videos