mentor.com/embedded Android is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions. Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries. Embedded World Session 26 My Car Won’t Connect to the Internet ID 300 Andrew Patterson Business Development Director Mentor Graphics Ltd
My Car Won’t Connect to the Internet – Andrew Patterson
Embedded software designers working on In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) have had to learn about a lot of new technology in the last 3 years, ranging from the Linux operating systems, support for a wide range of IVI applications, middleware and application services, integration of complex semiconductor SoC platforms, and multi-modal human interface requirements to list a few. The rate of innovation required by vehicle buyers shows no sign of slowing down, as markets now demand on-line access for the car driver and passengers. The truth is, most cars do not connect to the internet today, but there is no doubt that they will need to fairly soon to take advantage of cloud and telematics services becoming available. This session looks at the connectivity options available to embedded designers at OEMs and their Tier 1 suppliers, both from a hardware and software perspective. The work of organizations such as the Car Connectivity Consortium will be explored, as well as specific point solutions provided by mobile operators and leading phone brands.
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Transcript
mentor.com/embeddedAndroid is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions.
Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.
Embedded World Session 26
My Car Won’t Connect to the Internet
ID 300
Andrew PattersonBusiness Development DirectorMentor Graphics Ltd
History of Connectivity
1876FirstTelephone
1910FirstTelephone inCar
1946First mobile Telephone service Chicago
1973First mobile Car phoneMotorola
20126 Billion Mobile Phones87% of world population1.3bn in China
Technology Evolution
Hi-Fi Stereo8-Track Tapes
Circa 1970
Bring in the New, Exit the Old
2012 : Paired Device 2013 : Connected Car‘10s : We are in a decade of
ExtraordinaryAutomotive Technology Evolution
We are all involved in one of the largest technological collaborations of all time 2020 : Self-Drive Cars
Automotive : Non-Stop Connectivity
Experience Roaming
Cloud
Hands-Free Call
Continue Movie
GPS Walk to Destination
The Most Connected Cars
■ Top most connected cars (July 2012)
#1 Ford Fiesta Sync ApplinkPandora Internet RadioApps, News
#2 Audi A6Internet ConnectionGoogle Search, Google EarthDedicated Data ConnectionLocal Hot Spot
#3 BMW Connected DriveSome iPhone apps available on dashboardGoogle via Telematics ServiceDedicated COnnection
#4 Lexus EnformLinks to compatible SmartphoneEmbedded Cellular and GPS
Source : Telematics Update Dec 2012
3G/4G Connectivity – How ?
6
Make use of existing phone Need dedicated data plan
Familiar apps Built-in Infotainment apps
Phone contact list V2X, V2V communication
Includes navigation, maps Lasts for vehicle lifetime
Entertainment, song list Hot-spot / Telematic hub
Smart Phone Link Integrated Cellular Electronics
Consumer Electronics Influence …
■ The SmartPhone Revolution■ 3 out of 4 Smart Phones sold are Android■ Apple & Samsung account for 83% of
market■ Platform Refresh every 6 months
■ The Car is becoming a Consumer Electronic Product
Acceptance in Consumer Electronics 850,000 new devices daily Over 700,000 Apps (Oct 2012) 6 billion total downloads
Car features Android “Car Mode” routes all audio to speaker Hands-Free support
Other selling points Familiar UI for users Development kits & community Automotive apps peripheral support
Car Internet Connectivity Growth
Data Source : Courtesy iSuppli Aug 2011
How to Pay?
In a recent survey by Telematics Update :
19.7% Monthly Contract
14.6% Annual Contract
33.9% Cost of the connected car should be included vehicle as standard.
22.6% Pay-per-use model
9.2% Industry experts believe in single payment charging model
Source: Telematics Update, December 2012, data pool 231
System Cost Options
Brand Product Cost
BMW Phone Cradle, iDrive $250 - $2400
Mercedes Benz Mbrace, EU Command Line $660 - $3000
Toyota Ntune $1000
Ford Sync, MyTouch $395 - $1000
• Costs are falling
• Connectivity becoming a “must have”
• Embedded Systems hold the solution
Data Source : Telematics Update Dec 2012
Driving the Requirement..
• eCall – required in all new cars from 2015
• Tethered Mobile solutions not acceptable
Under the eCall legislation that has already been approved by EU member nations, all new cars would have an embedded mobile communications device that automatically places a call in the case of a serious accident. The call can also be made manually from inside the car.
Drivers and Passengers
Driver• Navigation• Radio / Media Player• Real-time Information• Hands-free Phone• Telematics
Passengers• Social Media• DVD• Internet Services• Android Apps
Courtesy : Volvo Car
Enabled Solutions via Connectivity
Collision Notification (eCall) Insurance Tracking and Billing Stolen Vehicle In-car services, concierge, streaming Eco-driving services Real-time Cloud data : Traffic, Weather, Road ahead Car-Car communication Driverless car Diagnostics and servicing
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says Connecting our Cars could address as many as 4.3 million crashes, or about 80 percent of accidents that don’t involve intoxicated drivers.
mentor.com/embeddedAndroid is a trademark of Google Inc. Use of this trademark is subject to Google Permissions.
Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries.
Technology Choices
Connectivity Options 3G / 4G LTE
Globally Available / Coverage Good performance
WiFi Dependent on local hot spots Use driver/passenger mobile device
Bluetooth Range limitations : Class 1: 20-30m Bandwidth limitations / audio only
Road Infrastructure Traffic information gantries as
transmitters Highways only
Full Infotainment Platform
LTE enabled SoC
ME ATP Linux
GENIVICompliant
Stack
Tier 1 / OEM
CustomApps
Linux Container
AndroidHTML 5 Browser
AndroidHTML 5 Apps
AutomotiveApps
Compliance & Ecosystem
Recipes
MulticoreSupport
Ultra HighQuality
Mobile ConsumerExperience
Double Security
Resource Control
OEM Branding
Layer Management
Display DisplayGraphics Optimization
LTE 4G Stack
GPUHardened BSP (LTE, CPU, GPU)
MIMO Antenna
Renesas MP 6530 IVI SoC Architecture
GM Announcement
Operating Systems
OS Features
Win CE widely EstablishedWireless Chipset support
Many open source variants / GENIVIFlexible platformLow License costsStrong development community
Widely accepted in Mobile Consumer Electronics focusopen source / SDK support
Highly tuned / good control over functions by OEM/Tier 1Costly to develop and maintainMaybe “closed”1st Generation widely established
Proprietary OSCommercial
Windows
Linux
Android
Tethered Smart Phone
“Thin Client” on IVI head unit
Approved Apps only Enable Internet
Connectivity Quick Android
Integration IVIStackEntertainment
Mobile Office
Networking
Navigation
Telephony
Cloud
Speech Engine
Audio
Car Connectivity Consortium
Standard “recipes” for Smart Phone tethering Universal Plug and Play (UPnP™) is used for controlled
access to applications Virtual Network Computing (VNC™) replicates the
phone's display on the navigation screen and communicate user inputs back to the phone.
80 members 70% market share in vehicles 60% market share in smart phones.
Built-in support on market Samsung Galaxy III, Nokia, …
Virtual Network Computing
VNC Server (Smart Phone ) Runs App Allows Client to take control
VNC Client Views the program Has control of Application on server
RFB Protocol The VNC protocol (RFB) is simple, based on one
graphic primitive from server to client ("Put a rectangle of pixel data at the specified X,Y
position") and event messages from client to server.
Security
Open Access is risky Apps may provide gateway for hacker /
attacks May compromise / interfere with
operation of other vehicle functions
WiFi in car / hotspots proposed around WPA2 Password-level protection
App Management Which Apps are authorized? Some Auto OEMs will set up App Stores
Renault R-Link Apps Store
Security continued
Allow Access? The Open Source OpenXC platform follows on from the Ford Developer Program to make the SYNC AppLink application programming interface (API) available for the creation of smartphone apps that can be controlled inside the car using your voice.
SandBox
Hardware Layer
IVIStack Entertainment
Mobile Office
Networking
Navigation
Multi-Core CPU GPU
Android OS
Android Apps
Mentor IVI Linux OS / LXC Resource Management
Graphics Layer Management
Overview of Linux Containers
• OS-level virtualization method• Used to run multiple isolated Linux systems
– Can be different distributions
• A single kernel is shared• The LXC project is hosted on SourceForge• Userspace control tools are provided for Linux containers• LXC has been integrated into Mentor Automotive Linux
solutions• Resource limiting: groups can be set to not exceed a set
memory limit• Prioritization: some groups may get a larger share of
CPU or disk I/O throughput• Accounting: to measure how much resources certain
systems use for e.g. billing purposes• Isolation: separate namespaces for groups, so they don't
see each other's processes, network connections or files• Control: freezing groups or checkpointing and restarting