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Hindawi Publishing CorporationInternational Journal of Antennas
and PropagationVolume 2012, Article ID 715138, 2
pagesdoi:10.1155/2012/715138
Editorial
Mutual Coupling in Antenna Arrays 2011
Hoi Shun Lui,1 Hon Tat Hui,2 and Marek Bialkowski3
1Department of Signals and Systems, Chalmers University of
Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden2Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4
Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 1175763 School of Information
Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, St
Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Correspondence should be addressed to Hoi Shun Lui,
[email protected]
Received 16 February 2012; Accepted 16 February 2012
Copyright 2012 Hoi Shun Lui et al. This is an open access
article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Mutual coupling in antenna arrays is a topic of
continuousinterest to the researchers and application engineers in
thefield. Since the application of antenna arrays has been
ex-tended to many areas in modern days, the study of themutual
coupling phenomenon has become a popular andimportant topic of
research. We have seen many newmethods to analyse compensate for
the mutual couplingeect in the last few years. In 2009, we have
coordinated thefirst special issue on Mutual Coupling in Antenna
Arrays.We have received 16 submissions and 9 of them have
beenrecommended for publication. In this second special issue,we
have received 29 manuscripts, out of which 17 have beenrecommended
for publication by dedicated reviewers. Allthe accepted papers in
both special issues have been subjectto a strict peer-reviewing
process. On one hand, we greatlyacknowledge the reviewers for their
professional reviews ofthe manuscripts, while, on the other hand,
we are pleased tosee that a much larger attention has been paid by
the authorsto this second special issue. The 17 accepted
manuscriptscan be grouped into five categories: the implication
ofmutual coupling problem in antenna array design, mutualcoupling
in MIMO system antenna arrays, mutual couplingin direction finding
problems, mutual coupling in widebandantenna arrays, and
calibration methods for the mutualcoupling eect. A quick reference
to these papers is givenbelow to introduce them to the interested
readers.
In the first category, the paper An optimal design ofmultiple
antenna positions on mobile devices based on mutualcoupling
analysis by P. Uthansakul et al. introduces amethodof using the
genetic algorithm (GA) to find the optimalantenna positions on a
mobile device in order to achievean optimum operation under the
influence of the mutualcoupling eect. In the paper, Synthesis of
antenna arrays
and parasitic antenna arrays with mutual couplings by M.Thevenot
et al., the authors present a synthesis methodfor various types of
moderate-size antenna arrays togetherwith their feeding networks
with an aim to optimize thearray performance in the presence of
mutual couplingeect. The paper A Compact low-permittivity
dual-layer ebgstructure for mutual coupling reduction by A. Azarbar
andJ. Ghalibafan proposes a dual layer electromagnetic bandgap(EBG)
structure, which has a lower resonant frequency thana single-layer
one, to reduce the mutual coupling betweenan E-plane-coupled
microstrip antenna array, resulting ina significant 19 dB mutual
coupling reduction. The paperMutual coupling eects analysis in a
cross-rhombic antennaarray by J. Sosa-Pedroza et al. presents a
full-wave simula-tion analysis of the mutual coupling eect in a
conformalarray consisted of cross-rhombic antennas. Results have
beenobtained on the radiation patterns and the S11 parameters ofthe
array. The paper A novel design of microstrip arrays forrelay-based
wireless network by I. Petropoulos et al. reportsa design of
relay-station antenna arrays based on reducingthe mutual coupling
between the access link array and thebackhaul link array, achieving
a coupling typically less than40 dB. In the last paper of this
category, Optimization ofa 12.5 GHz microstrip antenna array using
Taguchis methodby M. Spasos, et al., the authors present an
optimizationdesign of a simple planar 5 5microstrip antenna array
withinterconnected elements to achieve a good input matching(with
S11 < 10 dB) without using any matching network.They used the
Taguchis optimization method in the designwhich shows low
interelement mutual coupling as well asgood self-impedance
matching.
In the second category, the paper Investigation into theimpact
of mutual coupling on the performance of a multiuser
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2 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
mimo system employing generalized channel inversion tech-nique
by F. Wang et al. reports an investigation into theperformance of a
multiuser MIMO system employing gener-alized channel inversion
scheme. The investigation speciallyconsiders the eects of spatial
correlation and antennamutual coupling which are significant in
compact arrayantennas. In the paper An envelope correlation
formulafor (N,N) MIMO antenna arrays using input
scatteringparameters, and including power losses by Y. A. S. Dama
etal., the authors present a method to derive a
closed-formexpression for the correlation coecient in terms of
thescattering parameters of an antenna array. This expressiontakes
into account the antenna mutual coupling as well aspossible antenna
losses into account. The paper Optimalantenna selection designs for
coupled MIMO systems by P.S. Taluja and B. L. Hughes reports that
the presence ofinactive antennas in a coupledMIMO system can
profoundlyalter the system performance when the antennas are
stronglycoupled. A new antenna selection technique that seeks
toexploit mutual coupling to improve the system performanceis
proposed. In the last paper in this category, The noise
per-formance of a multiple-input-port and
multiple-output-portlow-noise amplifier connected to an array of
coupled antennasby F. Broyde and E. Clavelier, the authors
investigated a noisecharacterization method for low-noise
amplifiers connectedto a mutually coupled antenna arrays. The noise
figures ofthe low-noise amplifiers were defined and determined.
In the third category, the paper Spatial correlation fordoa
characterization using von mises, cosine, and gaussiandistributions
by W. J. L. Queiroz et al. presents mathematicalexpressions for the
spatial correlation between elements oflinear and circular antenna
arrays, considering cosine, Gaus-sian, and Von Mises distributions
for the direction-of-arrival(DoA) of the electromagnetic waves at
the receiver antenna.The expressions obtained for the Von Mises
distributioncan include or exclude the mutual coupling eect and
aresimpler than those obtained for the cosine and the
Gaussiandistributions of the angle of arrival. In the paper Eects
ofground constituent parameters on array mutual coupling forDOA
estimation by I. Ahmed et al., the authors suggestedthe use of an
imperfect ground plane to reduce the mutualcoupling eect of a
monopole antenna array mountedover the imperfect ground plane. A
factor of 4 in thedecrease in both the real and imaginary parts of
the mutualcoupling eect is reported. In the paper A
Subspace-basedcompensation method for the mutual coupling in
concentriccircular ring arrays for near-field source localisation
byM. J. Abedin and A. S. Mohan, the authors proposed atechnique for
compensating the eect of mutual couplingon parameter estimation
that is suitable with any subspace-based superresolution
algorithms. The method has beendemonstrated on a concentric
circular-ring array formed bythin-dipole antennas in the receiving
mode for near-fieldsource localization.
In the fourth category, there are two papers. The firstpaper
Wideband analysis of mutual coupling compensationmethods by S.
Henault and Y. M. M. Antar compares theperformance of various
mutual coupling estimation andcompensation methods for wideband
antenna arrays. The
main limitations and the required procedures to estimatethe
coupling matrix are outlined. This paper found thatonly the
full-wave method is accurate at all frequencies. Inthe second paper
Mutual coupling eect on ultrawidebandantenna array performance by
O. Ahmed and A. R. Sebak,the mutual coupling eect between array
elements of two-and four-element ultrawideband (UWB) linear arrays
on theperformances of these arrays is investigated. This study
foundthat an array bandwidth improvement is achieved for botharray
types when mutual coupling is strong enough. It alsofound that
mutual coupling enhances the array realizablegain, especially in
the mid-frequency band (58.5GHz)while it deteriorates the gain
outside this frequency range.
In the last category, the first paper Ameasurement systemfor the
position and phase errors of the elements in an antennaarray
subject to mutual coupling by T. Lindgren and J. Borgdiscusses a
method of estimating the position and phase ofeach individual
antenna element in an array in the presenceof mutual coupling. The
method uses both the measuredscattering matrix and the measured
electric field with fourprobes located in the near-field of the
array. The secondpaper An external calibration method for
compensating forthe mutual coupling eect in large interferometric
aperturesynthesis radiometers by J. Dong deals with the
antennamutual coupling eect in interferometric aperture
synthesisradiometers (IASRs) which degrades the radiometric
systemperformance. First, the conventional mutual impedancemethod
is adopted to analyze the mutual coupling eect inthe performance of
IASR and a practical model of thecoupled visibilities is developed.
Based on the model, anexternal calibration method is proposed to
compensate forthe mutual coupling eect.
The papers in this second special issue came from varioustypes
of studies. These papers reported the handling of themutual
coupling problem in antenna arrays for various ap-plications.
Through the collection of these papers, we hopeto bring out the
state-of-the-art research on mutual couplingin antenna arrays such
that more ideas and research on thistopic can be encouraged to come
out in the future.
Hoi Shun LuiHon Tat Hui
Marek Bialkowski
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