Mutations. It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material What is a MUTATION?

Mutations

It is a CHANGE in a cell's genetic material

What is a MUTATION?

Effects

1. Ecological disbalance

One vivid example:Over the last 5 years USA has been unable to produce sufficient crops to feed the country due to its failure to defeat some mutated weeds resistant to any known

chemical

2. Diseases50 years ago nearly 40000 people in USA were diagnosed with

leukaemia every year – 22000 of them died

Today nearly 150000 people in USA are diagnosed with leukaemia –

80000 of them die

2. Diseases50 years ago nearly 20 Americans died each day

from skin cancer

Todaynearly 45 Americans die each day from skin cancer

2. Diseases

50 years ago albinism was found only in 5 per 100,000 of Americans and Europeans, in 20 out of 100,000 Africans

Today these figures have risen to 40 and 150 per 100,000 corrispondingly

2. Diseases

3. Physical disorders50 years ago physical abnormalities were mostly exceptions and

accounted for less than 0,1% of the globe’s population

Today every 50th individual on the Earth has some physical abnormalities

3. Physical disorders50 years ago people were struck by the story of a 2-year-old Indian girl

Lakshiri Tatma born with 8 limbs

Today this is not a rare case

3. Physical disorders

3. Physical disorders

3. Physical disorders

4. Super viruses50 years ago most dangerous viruses were

AIDS, hepatitis, bird flu

Today we have all in all 11 super viruses. One of them is

papillomavirus, or HPV

5. Poor reproduction

50 years ago infertility in USA accounted for 2,2% of the population

Today this figure amounts 10,5%

Causes

1. UV-radiation(thin ozone layer)

2008 2050

2. Radioactivity

Average radioactivity in the world today is roughly 3 times as intense as 50 years ago

It has increased from 2,4 mSv/year in 2008 to 6,9 mSv/year (the norm is 5,0mSv/year)

2. Radioactivity

Natural Human-made

TechnologyNuclear wastes

NPS and atomic explosions

3. Pollution

4. Some chemical substances

Cosmetic ingredients

Medicine Tobacco

Fertilizers Pesticides

5. Genetic engineering

6. Genetically modified food

99% of all the food

produced in US

is GM

Measureswe should have taken in the

last 50 years

Should have used our resources in a different way

Thank you for attention