Muslim Contributions In Physics, Mechanics & Chemistry - THE HIDDEN TRUTH!

Muslim Contributions InPhysics, Mechanics & Chemistry

Stress on Scientific Discoveries

Al Quran

―Do they not look at the Camels

how they are made?

And at the Sky, how it is raised

high?

And at the Mountains, how they

are fixed firm?

And at the Earth, how it is

Spread out? (88:17-20)

Ibn al-Haytham(965—1039, Basra)

The Father

of Optics

Ibn Al-Haytham

Conducted experiments

on the movement of light

and colors, optical

illusions and reflections

Pinhole Camera

Ibn Al-Haytham

invented the first

Pinhole Camera

(Camera Obscura)

Ibn Al-Haytham

wrote more than two hundred books

Al-Haytham

wrote Kitab al-Manazir(Book of Optics, 1011 to 1021)

Wrote seven volume

Arabic Treatise on optics

IBN AL-SAHL (940 – 1000)

Ibn AL-Sahl

First to discover

the law of refraction

Ibn Sahl used the law of refraction to derive lens shapes

known as anaclastic

lenses (eye glasses)

Refraction

Refraction

Diagrams

Refraction Diagrams

With Arabic manuscript

Law of Refraction

Speed of Light

He stated that

―The speed of light

is immense in

comparison to the

speed of sound‖

Al-Biruni (973-1048,Persia)

Al-Biruni

scientifically proved

for the first time that

Earth rotates around

its axis

Earth Rotation

Historian on Al-Biruni

Arthur Pope (1881-1969), a renowned

American historian stated in 1951:

“No history of mathematics, astronomy, geography,

anthropology, or history of religion is complete

without acknowledgment of his immense

contribution. One of the outstanding minds of all

time, distinguished to a remarkable degree by the

essential qualities which have made possible both

science and social studies, Al-Biruni is the

demonstration of the universality and timelessness of

a great mind”

Ismail ibn al-Razzaz al Jaziri

(1136-1206), Iraq

The 1st Mechanical Engineer

He discussed the basis of

numerous

methods and models of

Modern

mechanical engineering

Al Jami Bain Al ilm

Wal Amal Al Nafi

fi Sina at al Hiyal

Books by Al-Jaziri

“Kitáb fí ma'rifat

al-hiyal al-

handasiyya”

(The Knowledge of

Engineering Tricks)

Books by Al-Jaziri

He described 50

Mechanical Devices with

instructions on how to

construct them, including;

•Clocks

•Wadu Machine,

( Hand Washing Device )

•Machines for Raising

Water

Other Contributions by Al-Jazari

Water Pumps

•Hydro Powered Pumps

Animal Driven Pumps

Water Raising Machine

Al-Jaziri introduced an

advance model of Water

Raising Machine,

previously animals were

being used for such

purpose

Al-Jaziri: Clocks

Castle Clock

Candle Clock

World-Famed Elephant Clock

Elephant Clock was

designed to move and make a

sound after every half an hour

Elephant Clock

Abu Yusuf Yaqoob al-Kindi

Astrologer

Philosopher

Physicist

Chemist

Optician

( 801–873, Kufa, Iraq )

He discovered that Gold and Silver could only be obtained from Mines

Contributions of Al-Kindi

Discovery of Gold

Muslim Contributions in Chemistry

Alchemy and Chemistry in Islam

The word alchemy

itself was derived from

the Arabic word

Al-kimia (الكيمياء)

Symbols in medieval Arabic alchemy from Kitab al-Aqalim by Abu 'l-Qasim al-Oraqi

A forerunner of modern

scientific chemistry

The Islamic world was a

melting pot for alchemy

Islamic alchemy &

Modern Chemistry

Jabir Bin Hayyan(جابر بن حيان) ,(721-815, Kufa)

Chemist

Astronomer

Geologist

Philosopher

Physicist

pharmacist

Father of Chemistry

Jabir Bin Hayyan

Methodological & Experimentalapproach to scientific research

Jabir Bin Hayyan

Chemical Substances & Instruments

Chemical engineeringJabir Bin Hayyan

Jabir Bin Hayyan

He discovered and isolatedseveral chemical elements

• Arsenic

• Antimony

• Bismuth

Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn IsḥaqAl-Kindi (801–873), Kufa

• Islamic Philosopher

• Chemist

• Mathematician

Book

Kitab Kimiya AL-ITR

(Book of the Chemistry

of Perfumes)

Perfume glassware invented by Al Kindi

Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi(865— 925), Persia

Chemist

Physician

Philosopher

Scholar(زكريای رازی )

Muhammad ibn Zakariya Al-Razi

Chemical substances

Medications

Laboratory apparatus

Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi

Laboratory apparatus Medication

Chemical Substances

Books

He wrote famous book on

Chemistry

―The Secret (Al-Asrar)‖

Al-Razi’s another book on

chemistry is

Sirr Al Asrar

(Secret of Secrets)