Muslim Contributions in Mathematics

In Khwarizmi's words

"...what is easiest and most useful in arithmetic, such as

men constantly require in cases of inheritance,

legacies, partition, lawsuits, and trade, and in all their

dealings with one another, or where the measuring of

lands, the digging of canals, geometrical

computations, and other objects of various sorts and

kinds are concerned..."

• The Muslims invented the symbol for zero (The

word "cipher" comes from Arabic (صفر

• And they organized the numbers into the

decimal system - base 10

• Additionally, they invented the symbol to

express an unknown quantity, i.e. variables like x

Al-Kindi

Al-Tusi Al-KhwarizimiOmer Khayyam

Al-Battani

Mathematician

Astronomer

Geographer

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (780 A.D-840), Khwarzim

The word "algebra"

comes from "Al-Jabr”,

which is taken from the

title of Khwarizmi's

book“Hisab Al-Jabr wal Muqabala”

In this book

Khwarizmi

explained that the

unknowns in one

side of the equation

is called al-Jabr

and collecting the

knowns in the

other side of the

equation is called

al- Mukabalah Manuscript copy of Hisab Al-Jabr wal

Muqabala

Al-Khwarizmi

also introduced

the Arabic

numerals

Mathematician

Islamic Philosopher

Astrologer

Astronomer

Physicist

Chemist

Al-Kindi wrote four

volumes on the

number system

“Ketab fi Isti’mal

al-’Adad al-Hindi”

and laid the

foundation of a

large part of

modern arithmetic

Astronomer

Mathematician

Astrologer

Al-Batani introduced

trig0nometric ratios

Mathematician

Astronomer

Philosopher

Poet

This book is a

master- piece on

algebra and has

great importance

in the

development of

algebra

He offered geometric

solutions of cubic

equations and partial

geometric solutions of the

other equations

Astronomer

Mathematician

Philosopher

Physicist

Chemist

In his book al-Tusi made enormous advances in plane and spherical trigonometry

The well-known sine law

is also stated in this

work: a/sin A = b/sin B =

c/sin C

Thabit bin Qurra (836–901),

Abu Kamil (about 850–930)

Ibrahim ibn Sinan (908–946)

Muhammad Abu'l Wafa (940–998), Khurasan

Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Karaji

(953–1029)

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muadh Al-Jayyani

(989–1079), Andalusia

Ghiyath al-Din al-Kashi (1393–1449)