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Slide 1
Music Section III Supposedly created by Steven, but no one can
really prove that.
Slide 2
Due to legal obligations, I am required to insert this
disclaimer into every presentation I make. No rights reserved, end
of story. By reading this slide for at least 0 seconds, you agree
to the terms and conditions. I am not responsible for any damage
this presentation may have caused you, whether it is damage to your
feelings, nap time, or grades. Especially grades. Nor am I
responsible for factual accuracy. If you find an inaccuracy, go sue
your packet, not me. Thats what the packet is for. THIS IS A VERY
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE SECTION. IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS, PLEASE ASK
THEM, CHANCES ARE I WONT HAVE AN ANSWER! I will NOT cover any of
the listening sections, for they should be straightforward enough
to, uhh, listen to. I did a lot of b.hitting because the packet did
a lot of b.hitting. Favour returned.
Slide 3
This presentation will be very brief and will barely go into
detail. If you need more detail, please ask for it. If you have a
question, please ask it. A very important note is that important
vocabulary terms in this presentation have been bolded and
underlined like this example. Youre welcome.
Slide 4
Its traditional music passed via culture. They usually convey
some kind of message. Because folk music conveys messages, this
type of music serves a purpose. Music composed with purpose is
called vernacular music.
Slide 5
It essentially serves as the roots of all music genres about to
be discussed. They were usually passed down orally, and very few
physical records of them exist. However, its a great reflector upon
the culture where it was derived. (e.g. Blues is very indicative of
African American culture during slavery in America.)
Slide 6
Its music performed to accompany other performances, like an
opera, or a musical, or some other third thing.
Slide 7
A play with music. Actors sing their parts instead of saying
them. Thats all, really. The most celebrated (which I interpret to
mean popular) actor is called a primo uomo. The actress equivalent,
which many have heard of, is called a prima donna.
Slide 8
Originated from Italy. No surprise, music (as we know it now)
seems to have originated from there too. Other countries found this
to be popular entertainment, so they too got caught in the hype.
Other countries meaning other European countries and the United
States. A seria is serious and a buffa is comic. Think serious and
buffoon.
Slide 9
Yes, pirating existed back then, and apparently it was okay to
do that in America, where money is the primary incentive.
Competition was fierce. By this, I mean that everyone was trying to
be the better imitator. A few Brits who originally wrote some of
the operas got pissed and moved their operations to America to
claim their stake.
Slide 10
Americas attempt for claiming the title: #1 Most Racist
Country, though I never knew if they actually won that award (tied
with South Africa?). Its basically an opera with other forms of
side-entertainment to boot, to keep the audience entertained in
between acts. Most of them had white actors with black dye on their
faces to imitate blacks.
Slide 11
A cakewalk is where people walk on a giant cake. but I wish
that were the actual definition. It actually refers to a
competition among actors, where the person who could best mimic a
certain figure (like an aristocratic slave owner) would win a cake.
Im not sure why the prize had to be a cake.
Slide 12
A place for one to perform music. Eventually became a place for
any sort of entertainment. Usually had alcohol in them, because
alcohol and entertainment mix surprisingly well, whatever the
implications of that are. Basically another venue through which to
spread musical influence.
Slide 13
Food is to jambalaya as music is to Vaudeville. Its basically a
smorgasbord of acts, with each act being provided by a separate
entertainer or group of entertainers. Turn is a synonym for act. An
act is a complete portion of a performance, or play. Circuit is a
series of acts.
Slide 14
A cue sheet is to music, as clip art is to, err art. A cue
sheet is a set of short pieces of music, with each piece being
vague enough to apply in many situations. Each piece is supposed to
only convey a general feeling. For example, if you wanted
dissonance, you could ask your local pianist to smash a diminished
chord.
Slide 15
And from my perspective, I totally agree. Its really hard to
tell the difference between an opera, a vaudeville, and a music
hall. In fact, I myself believe the difference is arbitrary. But
because your beloved packet insists on it (yes, a stack of papers
can insist), just have a general idea of what they are. And yes, I
know its bullshit, but just bear with it.
Slide 16
Can either be made of rubber or musicians. In the most general
sense, its a group of people playing the same class of instruments.
Today, its used to refer to an ensemble of wind and percussive
musicians. Because the instruments used are portable, these
musicians can march. Because they can march, bands were popular for
use in the military to boost morale.
Slide 17
A march is where people walk together in a synchronised
fashion. This is to keep time and look uniform. Multi-thematic Form
is where you have multiple segments within a song, and each segment
is distinguishable by its melody. A strain can either be when you
pull a muscle, or the melody of a musical segment. Strains in many
music genres are usually repeated.
Slide 18
Its what happens when you take folk music, and Christianity and
run them through a particle collider. In other words, its Christian
folk music. And remember that most folk music is usually sung, so
gospel would be no exception.
Slide 19
Basically, the music that represents a country and do remember
that music usually portrays a message. During the early 20 th
century, most countries had not adopted a national anthem. Some
European countries and the United States were one of the first to
do so. A bit too nationalistic if you ask me
Slide 20
Music can convey messages, and the messages they convey usually
appeal to emotions (pathos for those of you in AP Lang, or for
those who read too much). Because people like to get on boxes of
soap all the time, its no surprise much music was made to convey a
political message, like nationalism or womens suffrage.
Slide 21
If you think really hard about it, the new music genres of the
20 th century were formed by mixing old genres. So really, there
wasnt any out-of-the- box thinking, just mixing the best of genres
together to form a new, original one. Keep in mind, original
creative, but they usually go together.
Slide 22
You wish.
Slide 23
What makes something a ragtime is its rags (go figure).These
rags, not referring to pieces of cloth, are basically syncopated
rhythms. In plain American, all this means that the beat is
irregular to conventional music. Notes get played offbeat, and the
emphasis goes to the offbeat. This is especially prevalent with
bass lines.
Slide 24
Composed by Scott Joplin, considered the King of Ragtime. The
only reason why Im bringing this up is because I can play it on
piano, but theres no piano and no time to play it. This song is the
archetype of ragtime, however. Everything about it is
characteristic of ragtimes.
Slide 25
Waltz is a triple-meter ballroom-dance-type music. I wouldnt
consider Swing a genre on its own, but rather a popular music
technique where one puts more time-emphasis on the on-beat, or
initial note. I guess the purpose is to quickly transition a strong
note to another strong note, or something. Stride piano is when
your left hand makes big jumps and usually plays chords. It would
actually be far easier if I could demonstrate examples of these by
playing on the piano, but again, there isnt a piano to play
on.
Slide 26
Unlike ragtime, it was rooted far deeper in folk music of
African Americans. Included a lot of call-and-response, where two
or more sides take turns singing, as if they were singing in a
conversation. Also contained many melismatics, where a single
syllable is held out over multiple notes.
Slide 27
Blues was a music genre focused on alleviating emotional
distress. Hence the name: when one feels down, they feel blue (not
as in choking). A spiritual is basically a song of solace usually
with religion in it. Solace means to find comfort in times of
distress. This packet has stupid vocabulary. A shout is a group of
people energetically singing a spiritual.
Slide 28
Work songs, which are basically the same as field hollers, are
Blues-themed music created to help slaves work through their day by
keeping them distracted on better things to think about. Blues
notes are a set of notes that make up Blues scales. I believe
theyre called pentonic when I think theyre hextonic. Such scales
are ambivalent because they share both characteristics of a minor
and a majour scale.
Slide 29
There are generally two types of blues. Country blues is more
folk-oriented, and is thus more improvised. Classic blues is more
structured. A small ensemble of musicians playing blues or jazz is
called a combo, for reasons that are beyond me. Blues made jazz or
so thats how the legends go.
Slide 30
The packet makes it hard for me to make simple bullet
points.
Slide 31
Jazz is characteristic mostly through its use of improvisation,
seventh chords, and deviation from the normal majour/minour modes.
Or if youre me, youd call them the Ionian and Aeolian modes. Jazz
was born in New Orleans in Storyville, which consisted mostly of
prostitution and other sorts of behaviours. (Yes, Jazz was born
from not one, but many brothels.)
Slide 32
For some reason, while visiting one of the many brothels,
customers thought that it would be better if music was involved.
Musicians flocked to this part of New Orleans for jobs and started
competing by trying to be creative. Thus, jazz was born. But during
WWI, Storyville was shut down, because the secretary of war couldnt
have a district of questionable behaviours near an army training
camp. Or maybe the soldiers need to exercise more
self-control.
Slide 33
Because Storyville was shut down, musicians needed to find new
employment in a place where they were accepted. So of course theyd
go to Chicago which is where Chicago Jazz came from. Solo breaks
where a single musician would perform an improvised solo were
emphasised here. A chorus is like a jazz-version of a strain.
Slide 34
Stop-Time is when one plays a staccatod chord on every
downbeat. Im not even sure what the hell a Wah- wah mute is or
does. The packet did a great job of explaining it like everything
else. Seriously, who do they pay to design these packets? Ive seen
a drunk, blind chimpanzee on a defunct, rusted typewriter do better
than this.
Slide 35
Oh, lets not forget that there were also Jazz/classical
hybrids. This meant that they combined the style of jazz with the
everything-else of classical music. This was because jazz was hard
to get down on paper.
Slide 36
Its a short opera. This packet is wasting my time. The Wizard
of Oz was an operetta. This now constitutes as a full, informative
slide.
Slide 37
Its like one of the many sitcoms youve seen or heard of on TV
before, but the actors sing their parts instead.
Slide 38
Technically, I wanted to cover every sub- topic the packet had
to offer, but I dont even know how this one was significant. Again,
this begs the question: Who the hell designed this? Lets just
ignore this one.
Slide 39
Oh no! The packet is losing coherency! Both in the adhesive and
the content. Broadway is the main theatre district of New York.
West End is the London equivalent to Broadway. Star-turn was never
explained, but my interpretation is that it means a new part (of a
play).
Slide 40
Interpolation refers to any addition (adding a part) to a show,
or play. Vamp is a short motif that can be played at will and
repeatedly until a performer is ready. In other words, its a
musical way to stall. Verse-chorus form is when the song alternates
between verses, which are melodies, and choruses, which are
repeated motifs.
Slide 41
The pain never stops for you, does it?
Slide 42
An operetta that reviews the events of the previous year. They
dont have a plot; its just a bunch of chained together acts. Thus
interpolations are very easy. Why did this get its own section in
the packet? Its great for being historically (un)informative, or at
least I would think
Slide 43
Its not an alley full of tin pans, or pans of any metals. It
got its name because thats what many pianos going off at once
supposedly sounds like. This term refers to any district within a
city or town that specialises in musical business (recordings,
performances, etc.).
Slide 44
Song-pluggers were performers who would promote a song. You
could think of them as song-marketers. Barbershop is a type of
singing that includes a harmonised quartet and lots of seventh
chords. Im not sure why its called barbershop, as singing has
nothing to do with cutting hair.
Slide 45
Due to popularity of such musical media, piracy was rampant,
and composers/writers everywhere were angry that they werent being
given credit (in the form of cash) for many performances of their
plays in America. So they got together and formed ASCAP, the
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers. This helped
give rise to publishing and recording industries.
Slide 46
Its Take Me Out to the Ball Game. Im moving on.
Slide 47
This has nothing to do with music or World War I.
Slide 48
Live music was played with silent film to mask the noise
generated by the projector, just like makeup on a pig. This evolved
into vaudevilles impact on nickelodeons, where music was always
expected to accompany silent film. Film score is a score composed
specifically for films. Can either be custom or original. The
packet doesnt explain what either mean, but Im guessing custom is
specific to a scene, and original is specific only to the
film.
Slide 49
It was really racist.
Slide 50
As the century progressed, sound recording became more
prevalent and more feasible. It would soon displace many of the
live musicians who worked to play the music for the masses. As a
result, many musicians were to go unemployed. The Great Depression
was probably a harder slap in the face, accompanied with a metal
boxing glove.
Slide 51
You have successfully lasted through this whole mess of what
they call an informational packet. If you think my presentation was
incoherent, you are completely correct, but I didnt like the packet
myself either, so my incoherence is justified. If you couldnt be
bothered like me, just read the summary. The summary alone is more
informative than the rest of the section.