Muscular System Powerpoint .pdf

Muscular System

Muscle Tissue Types

Smooth Muscle - Nonstriated and Involuntary

Cardiac Muscle - Striated and Involuntary

Skeletal Muscle – Striated and Voluntary

Muscle Functions

Movement

Posture

Protection

Body Heat - Endothermic

Fig. 8.01

Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9e

by Elaine N. Marieb

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.,

publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

Figure 6.1 Connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscle.

Blood vessel

Muscle

fiber

(cell)

Fascicle

(wrapped by

perimysium)

Endomysium

(between

fibers)

Perimysium

Epimysium

Bone

Tendon


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.3a Anatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber (cell). (a) Segment of a muscle fiber.

Nucleus Light

(I) band

Dark

(A) band

Sarcolemma

Myofibril

(a) Segment of a muscle fiber (cell)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.3b Anatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber (cell). (b) Myofibril or fibril.

I band I band A band

H zone

(b) Myofibril or fibril

(complex organelle

composed of bundles

of myofilaments)

Thin (actin) filament

Thick (myosin)

filament

Z disc Z disc

M line

Sarcomere

Figure 6.5b


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.3c Anatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber (cell). (c) Sarcomere.

I band

Z disc Z disc

I band

Thin (actin) filament

M line

Sarcomere

Thick (myosin) filament

(c) Sarcomere (segment of a myofibril)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.3d Anatomy of a skeletal muscle fiber (cell). (d) Myofilament structure.

Bare zone Thick filament Thin filament

(d) Myofilament structure (within one sarcomere)

Sliding Filament Theory

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IxeEHBFdU&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.4a Motor units. (a) Portions of two motor units are shown.

Spinal cord Axon terminals at neuromuscular junctions

Motor neuron

cell bodies

Muscle Muscle fibers

Nerve

Motor

unit 1

Motor

unit 2

Axon of motor

neuron

(a)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.5a The neuromuscular junction. (a) Axon terminal of a motor neuron forming a neuromuscular junction

with a muscle fiber.

Action potential

Myelinated axon of motor neuron

Axon terminal

Sarcolemma

of the

muscle fiber

Nucleus

(a)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.5b The neuromuscular junction. (b) The axon terminal contains vesicles filled with the neurotransmitter

acetylcholine (ACh), which is released when the nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal.

Axon terminal of

a motor neuron

Invagination

of the sarco-

lemma at

neuromuscular

junction

Part of a

myofibril

Mitochondrion

Synaptic cleft

T tubule Ca2+

Synaptic vesicle

containing ACh

Action

potential

(b)

Neuromuscular Junction

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ASKJJoSY&feature=related

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nction__quiz_1_.html

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http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter10/animation__function_of_the_neuromuscular_junction__quiz_1_.html






by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.5c The neuromuscular junction. (c) Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft and attaches to ACh

receptors on the sarcolemma, initiating changes in the electrical condition of the sarcolemma.

Binding of Ach

to receptor opens

Na+/K+ channel

AChE

Synaptic

cleft

ACh molecules

Fusing synaptic

vesicle

Acetic acid

Choline

Axon terminal

Na+ K+

(c)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.12 Muscle attachments (origin and insertion).

Origin

Brachialis

Muscle

contracting

Insertion

Tendon

Pg. 199

• About 600 Skeletal Muscles

• Muscles Cannot Push

• Skeletal Muscles work in units (pg. 2020

• Prime Mover (Agonist)

• Antagonist

• Synergist

• Fixators

• Types of Muscle Contractions

• Isotonic

– Belly (Gaster)

• Isometric


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.15 Superficial muscles of the face and neck.

Cranial

aponeurosis Frontalis

Occipitalis

Temporalis

Masseter

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Orbicularis

oculi

Zygomaticus

Buccinator

Orbicularis

oris

Platysma


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.16a Muscles of the anterior trunk, shoulder, and arm. (a) Muscles crossing the shoulder joint, causing

movements of the arm.

Clavicle

Deltoid

Sternum

Pectoralis

major

Biceps

brachii

Brachialis

Brachio-

radialis

(a)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.16b Muscles of the anterior trunk, shoulder, and arm. (b) Muscles of the abdominal wall.

Pectoralis

major

Transversus

abdominis

Rectus

abdominis

Internal

oblique

External

oblique

Aponeurosis

(b)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.17a Muscles of the posterior neck, trunk, and arm. (a) Superficial muscles.

Trapezius

Deltoid

Latissimus

dorsi

Sternocleidomastoid

Occipital bone

Spine of scapula

Humerus

Olecranon process of

ulna (deep to tendon)

Triceps

brachii

Deltoid (cut)

(a)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.17b Muscles of the posterior neck, trunk, and arm. (b) The erector spinae muscles (longissimus,

iliocostalis, and spinalis), deep muscles of the back.

Quadratus

lumborum

Erector spinae

• Iliocostalis

• Longissimus

• Spinalis

C7

T1

(b)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.19a Pelvic, hip, and thigh muscles of the right side of the body. (a) Posterior view of the hip and

thigh muscles.

Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

Adductor

magnus

Biceps femoris

Iliotibial tract

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Gastrocnemius

Hamstring

group

(a)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.19b Pelvic, hip, and thigh muscles of the right side of the body. (b) Diagram showing deep structures of

the gluteal region and the proper site for administering an injection into the gluteus medius muscle.

Posterior superior

iliac spine

Iliac crest

Safe area in

gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

Sciatic nerve

(b)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.19c Pelvic, hip, and thigh muscles of the right side of the body. (c) Anterior view of pelvic and thigh muscles.

12th rib

Iliac crest

Iliopsoas

Psoas

major

Iliacus

Anterior

superior

iliac spine

Sartorius

Rectus

femoris

Vastus

lateralis

Vastus

medialis

12th

thoracic

vertebra

5th

lumbar

vertebra

Adductor

group

Patella

Patellar

ligament (c)

Qu

ad

ricep

s


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.19d Pelvic, hip, and thigh muscles of the right side of the body. (d) Diagram showing the proper site for

administration of an injection into the lateral thigh (vastus lateralis muscle).

Vastus

lateralis

Inguinal

ligament

Adductor

muscles

Sartorius

(d)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.20a Superficial muscles of the right leg. (a) Anterior view.

Soleus

Fibularis

longus

Fibularis brevis

Fibularis tertius

Tibia

Tibialis anterior Extensor

digitorum longus

(a)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.20b Superficial muscles of the right leg. (b) Posterior view.

Calcaneal (Achilles)

tendon

Medial malleolus

Soleus

Lateral

malleolus

Gastrocnemius

(b)


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.21 Major superficial muscles of the anterior surface of the body.

• Trapezius

Shoulder

• Deltoid

Arm • Triceps brachii • Biceps brachii

• Brachialis

Forearm • Brachioradialis • Flexor carpi radialis

Pelvis/thigh • Iliopsoas

Thigh (Quadriceps) • Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis • Vastus medialis

Leg • Fibularis longus

• Extensor digitorum longus

• Tibialis anterior

Facial

Facial

• Temporalis

• Frontalis

• Orbicularis oculi

• Zygomaticus

• Orbicularis oris Neck • Platysma • Sternocleidomastoid

Thorax

• Pectoralis major

• Pectoralis minor

• Serratus anterior

• Intercostals

Abdomen

• External oblique

• Rectus abdominis

• Internal oblique

• Transversus abdominis

Thigh

• Sartorius

• Adductor muscle

• Gracilis

Leg • Gastrocnemius

• Soleus

• Masseter


by Elaine N. Marieb



Figure 6.22 Major superficial muscles of the posterior surface of the body.

Arm • Triceps brachii

• Brachialis

Forearm • Brachioradialis

• Extensor carpi ulnaris • Extensor digitorum

Iliotibial tract

Leg • Gastrocnemius

• Soleus

• Fibularis longus

Neck • Occipitalis

• Sternocleidomastoid

• Trapezius

Shoulder/Back

Hip

• Gluteus medius

• Gluteus maximus

Thigh

Biceps femoris

• Adductor muscle

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

• Hamstrings:

• Latissimus dorsi

• Deltoid

• Flexor carpi ulnaris

• Extensor carpi radialis longus


by Elaine N. Marieb



Systems in Sync (1 of 2) Homeostatic Relationships Between the Muscular System and Other Body Systems

• Physical exercise may enhance

or depress immunity depending

on its intensity

• Lymphatic vessels drain leaked

tissue fluids; immune system

protects muscles from disease

• Growth hormone and androgens

influence skeletal muscle strength

and mass

Lymphatic System/Immunity

Endocrine System

• Skeletal muscle activity increases

efficiency of cardiovascular

functioning; helps prevent

atherosclerosis and causes

cardiac hypertrophy

• Cardiovascular system delivers

oxygen and nutrients to muscles;

carries away wastes

• Muscular exercise increases

respiratory capacity

• Respiratory system provides

oxygen and disposes of carbon

dioxide

• Facial muscle activity allows

emotions to be expressed

• Nervous system stimulates and

regulates muscle activity

Cardiovascular System

Respiratory System

Nervous System


by Elaine N. Marieb



Systems in Sync (2 of 2) Homeostatic Relationships Between the Muscular System and Other Body Systems

• Physical activity promotes normal

voiding behavior; skeletal muscle

forms the voluntary sphincter of

the urethra

• Urinary system disposes of

nitrogenous wastes

• Physical activity increases

gastrointestinal mobility when

at rest

• Digestive system provides

nutrients needed for muscle

health; liver metabolizes

lactic acid

Urinary System

Digestive System

• Skeletal muscle helps support

pelvic organs (e.g., uterus in

females); assists erection of

penis and clitoris

• Testicular androgen promotes

increased skeletal muscle size

• Muscular exercise enhances

circulation to skin and improves

skin health; exercise also

increases body heat, which the

skin helps dissipate

• Skin protects the muscles by

external enclosure

• Skeletal muscle activity maintains

bone health and strength

• Bones provide levers for

muscle activity

Reproductive System

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Muscular System Powerpoint .pdf

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