Muscular system Level 3
Jan 17, 2016
Muscular system
Level 3
FACTS
Your Body has over 600 muscles
Muscle contracts to move bones and body parts
Muscle makes up approx half your body weight
Three different types of Muscle
Three types of Muscle
• Heart (cardiac) Muscle
• Involuntary Muscle
• Voluntary
Structure and function of these muscle tissues are very different and controlled by very different methods
Heart/Cardiac Muscle
• Built in Pacemaker – Sino-atrial node• Heartbeat is involuntary• Influenced by many factors – Such as?
These factors changethe nervous system and the hormones that are released
Involuntary (Smooth) Muscle
• Found in visceral organs
(Hollow organs)
• Name three Locations where you would find Smooth muscle?
Voluntary (skeletal) Muscle
• Attached to the skeleton
• Provides Movement and Stability
• Striated in appearance
Tudur Morris !!
Voluntary (skeletal) MuscleSkeletal muscle
is attached to
bones by
tendons
REMEMBER
Ligaments -Bone to Bone
Tendons – Muscle to Bone
Muscle Structure
Muscle type Muscle Structure
Heart (Cardiac) Striated and Smooth
Involuntary Muscle Smooth
Skeletal Muscle Striated
Muscle Structure
SmoothStriated
Control Mechanisms
Autonomic Nervous System
• Heart (cardiac)• Involuntary
(Smooth)
Central nervous System
• Voluntary (Skeletal)
The Nervous System
Structure of Voluntary (Skeletal) Muscle
• Made up of thousands of fibres • Inside these fibres – Myofibrils• Within these Myofibrils muscle contraction takes place
Structure of Voluntary (Skeletal) Muscle
Proteins in myofibrils that cause muscle contraction
• Actin
• Myosin
Activity • You should now be able to complete the following
table
Muscle Type
Muscle Structure
Primary Function of the muscle
Control Mechanism
Location
Muscle Type
Muscle Structure
Primary Function of the muscle
Control Mechanism
Location
Heart Striated and Smooth
Pumping of heart
Hearts automatic nervous system and the ANS
In the heart
Involuntary Smooth Vital organs
Autonomic nervous system (unconsciously)
Blood vessels and Visceral organs
Skeletal Striated Movement of the body
CNS (consciously)
Attached to bones
Muscles of the Body
Trapezius
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Infraspinatous
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Rectus Abdominus
External Oblique
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Biceps BrachiiFlexors
Extensors
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
GastrocnemiusSoleus
Rectus FemorisVastus Medialis
Sartorius
VastusLateralis
Tibialis Anterior
Latissimus Dorsi
Muscle Facts
Smallest muscle in the body?• Stapedius: the muscle that activates the stirrup, the
small bone that sends vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. It measures just 0.05 inch (0.13 centimeter) in length.
Largest muscle in the body?• Latissimus dorsi: the large, flat muscle pair that covers
the middle and lower back.Longest muscle in the body?• Sartorius: the straplike muscle that runs diagonally from
the waist down across the front of the thigh to the knee.
Muscle Facts
Strongest muscle in the body?• Gluteus maximus: the muscle pair of the hip that
form most of the flesh of the buttocks.Fastest-reacting muscle in the body?• Orbicularis oculi: the muscle that encircles the
eye and closes the eyelid. It contracts in less than 0.01 second.
Number of muscles used to make a smile?• Seventeen.Number of muscles used to make a frown?• Forty-three.
Test your muscle knowledge
• Click on the link below to see how many muscles you know!!
• Muscle test
Muscle Movement
• Skeletal muscle has vast supply of nerve and blood vessels
• Skeletal muscle is also termed voluntary – requires thought
Tendons• Tough but flexible tissue that
connects muscle to bone
• Skeletal muscle that is responsible for movement during sporting activity – does this by working together with your bones
The white, cord-like structuresare the tendons in your wrist thatmove your fingers
On the Pull!
• Muscles can only pull• During contractions muscle pull on bone to
cause movement• Tendon transmits the force of MC to the
bone• Tendons move with ease as muscles
contracts
Many Factors!!
There are many factors that help produce MC (muscle contraction).
Can you name three?
Nutrition is often overlooked – the muscles contract and relax and these cells need chemical energy to work. We get this from the foods we eat. Carbohydrates are the main fuel provider for muscle contraction. Minerals are also essential.
Antagonistic pairs
Prime mover (agonistic)
• This muscle determines the movement of an action –by Contracting
Antagonistic
• This muscle works with the prime mover but creates an opposing action – by relaxing
Antagonistic pairs – Bicep Curl
Biceps – Prime mover
Triceps – Antagonistic Biceps – Antagonistic
Triceps – Prime Mover
Muscle contraction
Three types
• Isometric
• Concentric
• Eccentric
Isometric Contraction
Muscle stays the same length during Contraction or when the activity is being carried out.
• Name a sport/activity where isometric contraction occurs?
Concentric Contraction
This where the muscle shortens when performing an action
• Name a sport/activity where Concentric contraction occurs?
Eccentric Contraction
Where the muscle lengthens under tension – ends of the muscle move further away during an action
• Name a sport/activity where Eccentric contraction occurs?
Muscle contractions during rugby
Phase of Play
Muscle group
Prime mover
Contraction
Lock after the scrum has engaged
Arms after line out throw
Draw back of the leg as it prepares to kick the ball
Phase of Play
Muscle group
Prime mover
Contraction
Lock after the scrum has engaged
QuadsHamstringsGastrocnemius
Quadriceps Isometric
Arms after line out throw
TricepsBiceps
Triceps ConcentricEccentric
Draw back of the leg as it prepares to kick the ball
HamstringsQuadriceps
Hamstrings ConcentricEccentric
Muscle Tone
Muscle tissue never really relaxes and is in constant partial contraction – this gives muscle its shape or tone.
Effects of exercise
Activity
• In groups come up with what effects you think that exercise has on the muscular system in the short and long term?
Effects of exercise
Short term
• Increase in blood flow to the muscles exercising – increase demand for O2
• Increase in demand for fuel by the muscles exercising
• Increase in waste products – such as??
Lactic acid, carbon dioxide• Increase in body temperature
Effects of exerciseLong term
• Muscles become bigger and stronger – depending on type of exercise that has been undertaken
6 weeks for changes to be seen – 2 weeks for the changes to be lost if
not maintained
• Size and strength of muscle tissue can increase. This muscle tissue allows for fast movements to be carried out – sprint or power type activities (participation in strength type exercises)
THE END