Muscular System II

Chapter 10: Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Multiple Choice

1. Skeletal musclesA) cross at least two joints.B) extend from a joint to a bone.C) extend from one joint to another joint.D) extend from one bone to another bone.E) do not involve joints.Answer: dLevel: 1

2. The sternocleidomastoid muscle extends from the mastoid process of the temporal bone to the sternum and medial clavicle. When both sternocleidomastoid muscles contract, the head is flexed. The end of the muscle that connects to the sternum is theA) origin.B) belly.C) body.D) insertion.E) fixator.Answer: aLevel: 1

3. When you "pull your tummy in" and compress your abdomen, you use the rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles. This is an example of muscles working asA) fixators.B) synergists.C) antagonists.D) prime movers.E) cooperatives.Answer: bLevel: 2

4. Muscles that have their fasciculi arranged like barbs of a feather along a common tendon are calledA) pennate.B) parallel.C) convergent.D) rhombohedral.E) divergent.Answer: aLevel: 1

5. The muscle shape that has the capacity to shorten to the greatest degree isA) pennate.B) parallel.C) circular.D) convergent.E) multipennate.Answer: bLevel: 1

6. The type of muscle that functions as a sphincter isA) pennate.B) parallel.C) circular.D) rhombohedral.E) convergent.Answer: cLevel: 1

7. The type of muscle that can contract with the greatest force is theA) parallel.B) circular.C) convergent.D) rhomboidal.E) pinnateAnswer: cLevel: 1

8. The adductor longus is named for itsA) function and orientation.B) origin and insertion.C) location and size.D) type and shape.E) function and size.Answer: eLevel: 1

9. The brachioradialis is named for itsA) function and orientations.B) origin and insertion.C) locations and sizeD) function and size.E) type and shape.Answer: bLevel: 1

10. Which of the following muscles is named for its shape?A) pectoralis majorB) adductor pollicisC) vastus lateralisD) trapeziusE) pectoralis minorAnswer: dLevel: 2

11. Which of the following muscles is named for its location?A) rhomboideus majorB) quadriceps femorisC) trapeziusD) deltoidE) teres majorAnswer: bLevel: 2

12. In the body's lever systems, theA) joint represents the fulcrum point.B) force or pull is applied by the bone.C) fulcrum is the part being moved.D) weight is the muscle mass.E) lever is a pivot point.Answer: aLevel: 1

13. Which of the following represents a class I lever system?A) crossing your legsB) hyperextension of the headC) standing on your tiptoesD) flexion of the elbow to elevate the handE) lifting weight with arm.Answer: bLevel: 1

14. The flexion of the elbow represents aA) class I lever system.B) class II lever system.C) class III lever system.D) class IV lever systemE) nonlever system.Answer: cLevel: 2

15. Contracting the right sternocleidomastoid muscle would

A) raise the head.B) lower the head.C) rotate the head toward the right.D) rotate the head toward the left.E) hyperextend the head.Answer: dLevel: 1

16. Raising the eyebrows is the action of the _____ muscles.A) auricularB) procerusC) occipitofrontalisD) levator palpebrae superiorisE) temporalisAnswer: cLevel: 1

17. Well developed mentalis muscles result inA) a dimple in the chin.B) crow's feet wrinkles.C) a wonderful smile.D) chubby cheeks.E) creases in the cheeks.Answer: aLevel: 1

18. Closing or puckering the lips is the action of the _____ muscle.A) auricularisB) orbicularis orisC) orbicularis oculiD) levator anguli orisE) zygomaticusAnswer: bLevel: 1

19. Facial muscles are unusual in that theyA) represent a combination of first-class and second-class lever systems.B) insert and sometimes originate on skin and connective tissue.C) are smooth muscles rather than skeletal muscles.D) are not involved in movement.E) are not involved in facial expression.Answer: bLevel: 1

20. Which of the following muscles is involved in chewing gum?A) masseter

B) splenius capitusC) orbicularis orisD) zygomaticus majorE) orbicularis oculiAnswer: aLevel: 1

21. Muscles that elevate the jaw and close the mouth include theA) stylohyoid and procerus.B) temporalis and digastric.C) sternothyroid and buccinator.D) masseter and medial pterygoid.E) zygomaticus and buccinatorAnswer: dLevel: 1

22. The digastric muscle is involved inA) stomach contractions.B) opening the mouth.C) facial expression.D) tummy tucks.E) swallowing.Answer: bLevel: 1

23. When you say “ah” and stick out your tongue, which muscle do you use?A) genioglossusB) hyoglossusC) styloglossusD) palatoglossusE) stylohyoidAnswer: aLevel: 2

24. In order to stabilize the hyoid so that the larynx can be elevated in swallowing, the _____ muscle group is used.A) pterygoidB) infrahyoidC) auricularisD) suprahyoidE) hyoglossusAnswer: dLevel: 1

25. Which of the following muscles is involved in swallowing?A) sternocleidomastoid

B) palatopharyngeusC) temporalisD) vocalisE) masseterAnswer: bLevel: 1

26. Contraction of the inferior rectus muscle directs the pupil to lookA) up.B) obliquely.C) to the side.D) to the nose.E) down.Answer: eLevel: 1

27. In order for both eyes to direct their gaze to the right, which of the following muscles are used?1. right lateral rectus2. right medial rectus3. left lateral rectus4. left medial rectusA) 1 and 3B) 2 and 4C) 2 and 3D) 1 and 4E) 1, 2, 3Answer: dLevel: 2

28. In humansA) back muscles are strong to maintain erect posture.B) deep back muscles extend from the vertebrae to the ribs.C) most of the muscle mass in the lower back is from the spinalis muscle.D) back muscles are not very strong.E) back muscles are similar in strength to the back muscles of cattle.Answer: aLevel: 1

29. The major movement produced during quiet breathing is accomplished by theA) scalenes.B) diaphragm.C) external intercostals.D) internal intercostals.E) transverses thoracisAnswer: b

Level: 1

30. Which of the following muscles contracts during forced expiration?A) scalenesB) diaphragmC) linea albaD) internal intercostalsE) external intercostalsAnswer: dLevel: 1

31. If abdominal muscles are contracted while the vertebral column is fixed this will aid inA) vomiting.B) childbirth.C) urination.D) defecation.E) all of theseAnswer: eLevel: 2

32. The abdominal muscle that has its origin at the pubic crest and symphysis pubis is theA) rectus abdominis.B) transversus abdominis.C) external abdominal oblique.D) internal abdominal oblique.E) linea albaAnswer: aLevel: 1

33. Damage to the muscle called the levator ani would result inA) difficult urination.B) difficult defecation.C) inability of a male to have an erection.D) decreased support for the pelvic viscera.E) inability to do sit-ups.Answer: dLevel: 1

34. The pelvic diaphragm is formed by theA) levator ani only.B) deep transverse perineum muscle.C) levator ani and coccygeus muscles.D) sphincter urethrae and sphincter ani muscles.E) coccygeus only.Answer: cLevel: 1

35. Which of the following muscles moves the scapula?A) trapeziusB) biceps brachiiC) latissimus dorsiD) pectoralis majorE) triceps brachiiAnswer: aLevel: 1

36. The arm is attached to the thorax by theA) pectoralis major and teres major.B) supraspinatus and latissimus dorsi.C) pectoralis minor and pectoralis major.D) latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major.E) biceps brachii and triceps brachiiAnswer: dLevel: 1

37. Which of the following muscles is part of the rotator cuff?A) deltoidB) teres majorC) infraspinatusD) coracobrachialisE) trapeziusAnswer: cLevel: 1

38. The rotator cuff musclesA) fix the scapula in place.B) attach the arm to the thorax.C) attach the clavicle to the humerus.D) hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa of the scapula.E) attach at the distal end of the humerus.Answer: dLevel: 1

39. A tennis player complains of severe pain in the shoulder when serving or returning an overhead volley. Which of the rotator cuff muscles is probably damaged?A) infraspinatusB) subscapularisC) supraspinatusD) teres majorE) deltoidAnswer: cLevel: 2

40. The infraspinatusA) extends shoulder and laterally rotates the arm.B) adducts and laterally rotates the arm.C) medially rotates the arm.D) abducts the arm.E) flexes shoulder.Answer: aLevel: 1

41. Raising your arm to shoulder level is accomplished almost entirely by theA) pectoralis major.B) biceps brachii.C) trapezius.D) deltoid.E) triceps brachiiAnswer: dLevel: 1

42. The teres major and teres minor are not involved inA) extension of the arm.B) adduction of the arm.C) medial rotation of the arm.D) lateral rotation of the arm.E) flexion and abduction of the arm.Answer: eLevel: 2

43. All of the following muscles are rotators of the arm. Which is a lateral rotator of the arm?A) pectoralis majorB) latissimus dorsiC) teres majorD) deltoidE) coracobrachialisAnswer: dLevel: 1

44. The anconeus works with the triceps brachii toA) supinate the forearm.B) extend the forearm.C) pronate the forearm.D) flex the forearm.E) rotate the forearm.Answer: bLevel: 2

45. Which of the following is found in the posterior group of forearm muscles?A) palmaris longusB) flexor carpi radialisC) abductor pollicis longusD) flexor digitorum profundusE) flexor digitorum superficialisAnswer: cLevel: 2

46. The muscles of the anterior group of forearm muscles are primarilyA) flexors.B) extensors.C) abductors.D) adductors.E) supinators.Answer: aLevel: 1

47. Which of the following muscles flexes the wrist?A) anconeusB) coracobrachialisC) flexor pollicis brevisD) extensor carpi radialis brevisE) flexor carpi radialisAnswer: eLevel: 1

48. A muscle that extends both the wrist and the index finer is theA) extensor indicis.B) extensor carpi ulnaris.C) extensor pollicis longus.D) extensor carpi radialis longus.E) extensor digiti minimi.Answer: aLevel: 1

49. The radial pulse can be felt just lateral to the tendon of theA) flexor carpi ulnarisB) flexor carpi radialisC) extensor carpi radialis brevisD) extensor carpi radialis longusE) brachioradialisAnswer: bLevel: 1

50. The extensor pollicis brevis moves theA) forearm.B) fingers.C) thumb.D) retinaculum.E) palm.Answer: cLevel: 1

51. The thenar muscles are involved in controlling the ____; the hypothenar muscles control the ____.A) index finger; little fingerB) thumb; little fingerC) ring finger; thumbD) thumb; index fingerE) index finger; thumbAnswer: bLevel: 1

52. In order to put on a glove, the fingers are abducted by hand muscles called theA) retinacula.B) lumbricales.C) opponens pollicis.D) interossei dorsales.E) abductor pollicis brevisAnswer: dLevel: 1

53. Flexion of the hip is a movement produced by theA) gluteus medius and gluteus maximus.B) gluteus maximus and vastus lateralis.C) psoas major and iliacus.D) sartorius and rectus femoris.E) piriformis and quadratus femorisAnswer: cLevel: 1

54. The gluteus maximusA) does most of the work in "sit-ups."B) accounts for a sprinter's stance.C) allows one to sit cross-legged.D) is used in the knee-jerk reflex.E) is a common site for injections.Answer: bLevel: 1

55. The largest buttocks muscle is theA) iliopsoas.B) psoas major.C) gluteus maximus.D) tensor fascia latae.E) piriformisAnswer: cLevel: 1

56. A common site for injections is theA) biceps femoris.B) gluteus medius.C) vastus lateralis.D) gluteus maximus.E) psoas major.Answer: bLevel: 1

57. When an intramuscular injection is given in the anterior aspect of the thigh, the injection is in theA) soleus.B) gastrocnemius.C) rectus femoris.D) gluteus minimus.E) biceps femoris.Answer: cLevel: 1

58. Which of the following is a part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group?A) pectineusB) sartoriusC) vastus lateralisD) tensor fasciae lataeE) iliotibial tractAnswer: cLevel: 1

59. The biceps femoris is part of theA) hamstrings.B) quadriceps group.C) anterior thigh compartment.D) medial thigh compartment.E) thigh and hip adductors.Answer: aLevel: 1

60. The muscle that is used to cross the legs is theA) sartorius.B) gastrocnemius.C) vastus lateralis.D) gluteus maximus.E) biceps femoris.Answer: aLevel: 1

61. The term "shin splints" is applied toA) injuries resulting from excessive stress on the tibialis posterior.B) stress fractures of the fibula 2 to 5 cm distal to the knee.C) inflammation of the gastrocnemius.D) posterior compartment syndrome.E) blood accumulation around the gastrocnemius.Answer: aLevel: 1

62. The bulge of the calf is caused by the ___ &___ muscles.A) sartorius and piriformisB) gastrocnemius and soleusC) peroneus longus and plantarisD) extensor hallucis longus and flexor hallucis longusE) calcaneal and peronealAnswer: bLevel: 1

63. Which of the following muscles is used when walking on your tiptoes?A) gastrocnemiusB) tibialis anteriorC) peroneus tertiusD) extensor digitorum longusE) calcaneal tendonAnswer: aLevel: 1

64. Which of the following muscles is found in the lateral compartment of the leg?A) plantarisB) tibialis anteriorC) fibularis longusD) extensor digitorum longusE) soleusAnswer: cLevel: 1

65. Which of the following is inserted on the calcaneus by the Achilles tendon?

A) tibialis posteriorB) peroneus longusC) peroneus brevisD) extensor digitorum longusE) gastrocnemiusAnswer: eLevel: 1

66. If a person drums their fingers on the table, they would be using which of the following muscles?A) interossei palmarisB) flexor carpi ulnarisC) flexor carpi radialisD) flexor digitorum profundusE) extensor carpi radialis longusAnswer: dLevel: 2

67. If a man exercises by doing push-ups every day, he would strengthen or enlarge which of the following muscles?A) deltoidB) gastrocnemiusC) thenar musclesD) triceps brachiiE) biceps brachiiAnswer: dLevel: 2

68. If the longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, and longus coli muscles are stretched and torn, this would result in an injury known asA) whiplash.B) tennis elbow.C) shin splints.D) a pulled hamstring.E) low back pain.Answer: aLevel: 2

Refer to the following figure for questions 69-73.

69. Label muscle “A” on the diagram.A) orbicularis oculi B) temporalis C) trapezius D) sternocleidomastoidE) masseterAnswer: bLevel: 1

70. Label muscle “B” on the diagram.A) orbicularis oculi B) temporalis C) trapezius D) sternocleidomastoidE) masseterAnswer: eLevel: 1

71. Label muscle “C” on the diagram.A) orbicularis oculi B) temporalis C) trapezius D) sternocleidomastoidE) masseter Answer: dLevel: 1

72. Label muscle “D” on the diagram.A) orbicularis oculi B) temporalis C) trapezius D) sternocleidomastoidE) masseterAnswer: cLevel: 1

73. Label muscle “E” on the diagram.A) orbicularis oculi B) temporalis C) trapezius D) sternocleidomastoidE) masseter Answer: aLevel: 1

Refer to the following figure for questions 74-78.

74. Label muscle “A” on the diagram.A) linea alba B) serratus anteriorC) rectus abdominis D) external oblique E) internal obliqueAnswer: b

Level: 1

75. Label structure “B” on the diagram.A) linea alba B) serratus anteriorC) rectus abdominis D) external oblique E) internal obliqueAnswer: aLevel: 1

76. Label muscle “C” on the diagram.A) linea alba B) serratus anteriorC) rectus abdominis D) external oblique E) internal oblique Answer: dLevel: 1

77. Label muscle “D” on the diagram.A) linea alba B) serratus anteriorC) rectus abdominis D) external oblique E) internal oblique Answer: cLevel: 1

78. Label muscle “E” on the diagram.A) linea alba B) serratus anteriorC) rectus abdominis D) external oblique E) internal oblique Answer: eLevel: 1

For questions 79 to 83 match the following muscles with the proper action.A) puckers the mouth for kissingB) contributes to frowningC) contributes to laughing and smilingD) causes crow’s feet wrinklesE) raises the eyelid

79. orbicularis oculi

Answer: dLevel: 1

80. orbicularis orisAnswer: aLevel: 1

81. zygomaticus majorAnswer: cLevel: 1

82. levator palpebrae superiorisAnswer: eLevel: 1

83. depressor anguli orisAnswer: bLevel: 1

For questions 84 to 88 match the following muscles with the proper characteristic.A) originates on the vertebral spinous processesB) extends the headC) inserts on the ribs and vertebraeD) extends and rotates the vertebral columnE) flexes vertebral column

84. erector spinaeAnswer: cLevel: 1

85. longissimus capitisAnswer: bLevel: 1

86. interspinalesAnswer: aLevel: 1

87. multifidusAnswer: dLevel: 1

88. psoas minorAnswer: eLevel: 1

For questions 89 to 93 match the following muscles with the proper characteristic.A) inserts on xiphoid process and linea albaB) originates on the iliac crest and lower lumbar vertebraeC) originates on the pubic crest and symphysisD) most superficial of the oblique musclesE) inserts on the 10th to 12th ribs and rectus sheath

89. rectus abdominisAnswer: cLevel: 1

90. external abdominal obliqueAnswer: dLevel: 1

91. internal abdominal obliqueAnswer: eLevel: 1

92. transversus abdominisAnswer: aLevel: 1

93. quadratus lumborumAnswer: bLevel: 1

For questions 94 to 98 match the following muscles with the proper characteristic.A) originates on T7-L5, sacrum, and iliac crestB) elevates the scapulaC) abducts and flexes little fingerD) flexor of the forearmE) rotates and protracts the scapula, elevates the ribs

94. levator scapulaeAnswer: bLevel: 1

95. serratus anteriorAnswer: eLevel: 1

96. latissimus dorsiAnswer: aLevel: 1

97. brachioradialisAnswer: dLevel: 1

98. abductor digiti minimiAnswer: cLevel: 1

For questions 99 to 103 match the following muscles with the proper characteristic.A) posterior thigh muscleB) adducts thigh, flexes legC) a group of four muscles in anterior thighD) longest muscle in bodyE) tenses the fascia latae

99. quadriceps femorisAnswer: cLevel: 1

100. sartoriusAnswer: dLevel: 1

101. biceps femorisAnswer: aLevel: 1

102. tensor fasciae lataeAnswer: eLevel: 1

103. gracilisAnswer: bLevel: 1

Fill in the Blank

104. The end of the muscle that is attached to the more stationary of the two bones that it connects is called the ______.Answer: originLevel: 1

105. Muscles that work together to cause movement are ______.Answer: synergistsLevel: 1

106. A muscle working in opposition to another muscle is a(n) ______.Answer: antagonistsLevel: 1

107. The ______ is the muscle that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement.Answer: prime moverLevel: 1

108. The tendinous area of the abdominal wall that extends from the xiphoid process through the navel to the pubis is the ______.Answer: linea albaLevel: 1

109. A strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons of the wrist and holds them in place is the ______.Answer: retinaculumLevel: 1

Essay Questions

110. Predict which muscle or groups of muscles you would use to accomplish each of the following: a. Kiss b. Chew taffy c. Point your index finger d. Raise your left eyebrow e. Shake your head no f. Shrug your shoulders g. Wink your eye h. Wrinkle your forehead i. Punt a football j. Flex your fingers k. Walk on tiptoesAnswer: A) orbicularis oris and buccinatorB) temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoid, buccinator, and muscles of the tongueC) extensor indicesD) left occipitofrontalisE) sternocleidomastoidF) trapeziusG) orbicularis oculiH) occipitofrontalisI) quadriceps femoris, plus the adductor longus and brevis; sartorius; tensor fasciae latae; and iliopsoas--flexors of the thigh

J) flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digiti minimi, and lumbricalesK) gastrocnemius, soleus, peroneus group tibialis posterior, all the muscles used to extend the thigh and leg

111. Compare a class II level system with a class III lever system and give an advantage of each system.Answer: The main advantage of a class II lever system is that it can lift more weight. The main advantage of a class III lever system is that it can lift the weight higher.