Muscles of the Shoulder and Upper Arm

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Muscles of the

Shoulder/Upper Arm

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Movements of the Humerus

(upper arm at the shoulder) Movements of the humerus:

Flexion and Extension

Abduction and Adduction

External and Internal Rotation

Horizontal flexion or Horizontal adduction

Horizontal extension or Horizontal abduction

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Flexion and Extension

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Abduction and Adduction

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External and Internal Rotation

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Horizonal flexion or adduction

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Horizontal extension or

abduction

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Muscles of the Shoulder/Upper Arm

Anterior:

Pectoralis major, Coracobrachialis,

Subscapularis

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Pectoralis major

Origin:

Clavicle, sternum, and costal

cartilage of ribs

Insertion: Near the intertubercular

groove of the humerus

Actions:

Flexion, horizontal flexion,

internal rotation, adduction

Used in bench press, push-

up, pull-ups, throwing, tennis

serves

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Pectoralis Major

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Coracobrachialis

Origin:

Coracoid process ofscapula

Insertion:

Humerus (medial)

Actions:

Flexion, adduction,horizontal flexion

Primarily an assistingmuscle

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Coracobrachialis

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Subscapularis

Origin:

Subscapular fossa ofscapula

Insertion:

Lesser tubercle ofhumerus

Actions:

Internal rotation,extension andadduction

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Subscapularis

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Deltoid

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Muscles of the Shoulder/Upper

Arm Posterior:

Latissimus dorsi, Teres major and minor,

Infraspinatus

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Latissimus Dorsi

Origin:

Vertebrae, sacrum,ilium

Insertion:

Near theintertubercular grooveof humerus

Actions:

Extension (primemover), adduction,internal rotation,horizontal extension

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Latissimus Dorsi

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Teres Major

Origin:

Lateral border of thescapula

Insertion:

Humerus (anterior)

Actions:

Extension, internalrotation, and adduction

*synergist withLatissimus dorsi

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Teres Major

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Teres Minor

Origin:

Lateral border ofscapula

Insertion:

Greater tubercle ofhumerus

Actions:

External rotation,extension, horizontalextension

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Teres Minor

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Subscapularis

Origin:

Subscapular fossa ofscapula

Insertion:

Lesser tubercle ofhumerus

Actions:

Internal rotation,extension andadduction

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Subscapularis

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Supraspinatus

Origin:

Supraspinous fossa of

the scapula

Insertion:

Greater tubercle of the

humerus

Action: Abduction (synergist

with deltoid)

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Supraspinatus

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Infraspinatus

Origin:

Infraspinous fossa ofscapula

Insertion:

Greater tubercle ofhumerus

Action:

External rotation,extension, horizontalextension

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Infraspinatus