Muscles

ATTAC H M E N T S A N D M OV E M E N T S

MUSCLES

MUSCLES OF SHOULDER GIRDLE

• Trapezius• Rhomboids• Serratus Anterior• Levator Scapulae• Pectoralis Minor

TRAPEZIUS

• Proximal Attachments: Occipital Bone, Ligamentus Nuchae, Thoracic Vertebrae• Distal Attachments: Spine of Scapula, Distal

posterior 1/3 of the scapula.• Movements: Elevation, Retraction, Depression,

Upward Rotation

RHOMBOIDS

• Proximal Attachment- c7-t5 of vertebrae• Distal Attachment- Vertebral (Medial Border of the

scapula.

• Movements: elevation, retraction, downward rotation.

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

• Proximal Attachment- the top of the back surface of the top nine ribs.• Distal Attachment- Vertebral Border of the

scapula on the underside

• Movements- upward rotation, protraction

LEVATOR SCAPULAE

• Proximal Attachment- Transverse Process of the top 4 cervical vertebrae.• Distal Attachment- Superior angle of the scapula

• Movements- Elevation of scapula, lateral flexion of the neck

PECTORALIS MINOR

• Proximal Attachment- 3-5th rib• Distal Attachment- corocoid process

• Movements depression, downward rotation, protraction

MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER JOINT(GLENOHUMERAL JOINT)

• Anterior Deltoid• Medial Deltoid• Posterior Deltoid• Pectoralis Major• Latissimus Dorsi• Teres Major• Rotator Cuff Muscles• InfraSpinatus• SupraSpinatus• Subscapularis• Teres Minor

ANTERIOR DELTOID

• Proximal Attachment-distal anterior 1/3 of the clavicle• Distal Attachment- deltoid tuberosity (humerus)

• Movements: flexion, inward rotation, minor in horizontal adduction

POSTERIOR DELTOID

• Proximal Attachment- spine of scapula• Distal Attachment- deltoid tuberosity

• Movements: outward rotation, extension, horizontal abduction

MEDIAL DELTOID

• Proximal Attachment- acromion process• Distal Attachment- deltoid tuberosity

• Movements: abduction

PECTORALIS MAJOR

• Proximal Attachments- sternum, clavicle • Distal Attachment- bicepital groove (humerus)

• Movements: horizontal adduction, inward rotation, flexion.

LATISSIMUS DORSI

• Proximal Attachment- crest of ilium via lumbosacral fascia, lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, all of lumbar vertebrae• Distal Attachment- bicepital groove (humerus)

• Movements: extension, inward rotation, adduction

TERES MAJOR

• Proximal Attachment- inferior angle of the scapula• Distal Attachment- bicepital groove (humerus)

• Movements: extension, inward rotation, adduction

INFRASPINATUS (ROT.CUF.)

• Proximal Attachment- infraspinus fossa• Distal Attachment- greater tubericle

• Movements: outward rotation, horizontal abduction

SUPRASPINATUS (ROT.CUF.)

• Proximal Attachment- supraspinus fossa• Distal Attachment- top of the greater tubericle

• Movements: abduction

SUBSCAPULARIS (ROT.CUF.)

• Proximal Attachment- subscapular fossa• Distal Attachment- lesser tubericle

• Movements: medial rotation, horizontal adduction

TERES MINOR (ROT.CUF.)

• Proximal Attachment- axillary (lateral) border of the scapula• Distal Attachment- greater tubericle

• Movements: outward rotation, horizontal abduction

MUSCLES OF THE ELBOW

• Triceps• Biceps• Brachialis• Brachioradialis

TRICEPS

• Proximal Attachment: (long head) underneath glenoid fossa, (lateral head) back of the humerus about an inch below the head of the humerus, back surface of the humerus.• Distal Attachment: ulecranon process

• Movements: Elbow extension

BICEPS

• Proximal Attachment: On top of the glenoid fossa, corocoid process• Distal Attachment: radial tuberosity

• Movements: Elbow flexion, forearm supination

BRACHIALIS

• Proximal Attachment: distal anterior 2/3 of the humerus• Distal Attachment: coronoid process (ulna)

• Movements: Elbow flexion,

BRACHIORADIALIS

• Proximal Attachment: supracondylar ridge of humerus• Distal Attachment: styloid process of the radius

• Movements: elbow flexion, forearm pronation

WRIST FLEXORS

• Proximal Attachment: Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus• Distal Attachment: Carpals, and Metacarpals

(Palm side)

• Movements: Wrist flexion

WRIST EXTENSORS

• Proximal Attachment: lateral epicondyle of the humerus• Distal Attachment: dorsal surface of the carpals

and metacarpals.

• Movements: wrist extension, and wrist hyperextension

MUSCLES OF THE HIP

• Sartorius• Rectus Femoris• Psoas• Illiacus• Tensor Fascia Latae• Gluteus Maximus• Gluteus Medius• Gluteus Minimus• Hip Adductor Muscles

SARTORIUS

• Proximal Attachment: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine• Distal Attachment: Tibial Tuberosity

• Movements: Hip Flexion, Knee Flexion, Outward rotation, Abduction

RECTUS FEMORIS

• Proximal Attachment: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine• Distal Attachment: Tibial Tuberosity

• Movements: Hip Flexion, Knee Extension

PSOAS

• Proximal Attachment: Anterior portion of all Lumbar Vertebrae• Distal Attachment: Lesser Trochanter of the Femur

• Movements: Hip Flexion, Outward Rotation

ILIACUS

• Proximal Attachment: Inside of the Ilium • Distal Attachment: Lesser trochanter of the Femur

• Movements: Hip flexion, outward rotation, adduction

TENSOR FASCIA LATAE

• Proximal Attachment: Behind the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine• Distal Attachment: Lateral Tibia via the IT band

• Movements: Stabilizes the IT Tract, Assists in Hip flexion and inward rotation.

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

• Proximal Attachment: Crest of the Ilium, Lumbo- sacral fascia, Sacrum• Distal Attachment: Greater Trochanter of the

Femur, IT Tract

• Movements: Hip Extension, Outward Rotation

GLUTEUS MEDIUS

• Proximal Attachment: Crest of Ilium, Outside Fossa of the Ilium. • Distal Attachment: Anterior Portion of the Greater

Trochanter

• Movements: Abduction, Inward Rotation

GLUTEUS MINIMUS

• Proximal Attachment: Same as Medius• Distal Attachment: Same as Medius

• Movements: Abduction, inward rotation.

HIP ADDUCTORS

• Proximal Attachment: Inferior Ramus• Distal Attachment: Lineaspera of the Femur

• Movements: Adduction, Outward Rotation.

MUSCLES OF THE KNEE

• Vastus Lateralis• Vastus Medialis• Vastus Intermedius• Semitendinosis• Semimembranosis• Biceps Femoris• Gastrocnemius• Soleus• Anterior Tibialis

VASTUS LATERALIS

• Proximal Attachment: linea aspera• Distal Attachment: tibial tuberosity

• Movements: knee extension

VASTUS MEDIALIS

• Proximal Attachment: linea aspera• Distal Attachment: tibial tuberosity

• Movements: knee extension

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

• Proximal Attachment: upper anterior 2/3 of femur• Distal Attachment: tibial tuberosity

• Movements: knee extension

SEMIMEMBRANOSIS

• Proximal Attachment: Ishial Tuberosity• Distal Attachment: Medial portion of tibial

tuberosity (same as the sartorius)

• Movements: Knee Flexion, hip extension, medial rotation

SEMITENDINOSIS

• Proximal Attachment: Ishial Tuberosity• Distal Attachment: Medial tibia tuberosity

• Movements: knee flexion, hip extension, medial rotation.

BICEPS FEMORIS

• Proximal Attachment: Long Head- Ishial Tuberosity, Short Head- Linea aspera• Distal Attachment: Tibia, and lateral fibula

• Movements: knee flexion, hip extension,

GASTROCNEMIUS

• Proximal Attachment: back of femur (condyles of the knee)• Distal Attachment: Calcaneus

• Movements: Plantarflexion, assists in knee flexion

SOLEUS

• Proximal Attachment: Posterior tibia and fibula• Distal Attachment: calcaneus• (underneath the gastrocnemius• Movements: plantar flexion

ANTERIOR TIBIALIS

• Proximal Attachment: lateral tibia• Distal Attachment: top of the 1st metatarsal

• Movements: dorsiflexion, inversion

SPINAL MUSCLES

• Erector Spinae• Abdominus Rectus• Internal Obliques• External Obliques

ERECTOR SPINAE

• Proximal Attachment: spinus and vertebral processes of the vertebrae• Distal Attachment: “ “, lumbosacral fascia

• Movements: extension and hyperextension of the spine.

ABDOMINUS RECTUS

• Proximal Attachment: pelvis• Distal Attachment: costal cartilage of 5-7 ribs

• Movements: flexion, lateral flexion

INTERNAL OBLIQUES

• Proximal Attachment: linea alba, lower 4 ribs• Distal Attachment: crest of the ilium, lumbosacral

fascia, ingual ligament

• Movements: rotation, flexion, lateral flexion

EXTERNAL OBLIQUES

• Proximal Attachment: bottom 8 ribs,• Distal Attachment: linea alba, and crest of the

ilium

• Movements: flexion, lateral flexion, rotation