Murillo2010 (Forthcoming in Information Research, an international electronic journal)

8/8/2019 Murillo2010 (Forthcoming in Information Research, an international electronic journal)

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@heeykg}gip ha Tvn`}gì gk }li fypgkipp nkm hvcnkgzn}ghk p}ymgip jg}ivn}yvi

Ikvg~yi Eyvgjjh

G]NE Fypgkipp P`lhhj % Ei|g`h @g}w

Gk}vhmy`}ghk+ Np g} nttvhn`lip }li }sh mi`nmi egjip}hki* }li `hkìt} ha @heeykg}w haTvn`}gì ,@hT' anìp sln} `nk fi mip`vgfim np n egmjgai `vgpgp+ G} lnp n`lgiqim sgmi mgaaypghk*fy} ypivp lnqi nmnt}im g} }h pyg} }ligv kiimp* jinmgkc }h n tvhjgaivn}ghk ha mgqivcgkcgk}ivtvi}n}ghkp+ Viìk} `vg}g~yip jneik} }ln} }li `hkìt} gp jhpgkc g}p `hlivikì nkm nknjw}g`njthsiv+

Ei}lhm+ ]lgp viqgis ypip Fikmivp nkm qnk Qiikp ,644>' ehmij ha n enkncieik} anplghk}h n``hyk} ahv }li thtyjnvg}w ha @hTp gk }li fypgkipp nkm hvcnkgzn}ghk p}ymgip jg}ivn}yvi* nkmahv }li `yvvik} `vgpgp+

Vipyj}p+ ]li jg}ivn}yvi mgptjnwp `hkpgmivnfji `hkaypghk fi}siik @hTp nkm h}liv ph`gnjp}vy`}yvip `hkìvkim sg}l bkhsjimci nkm jinvkgkc* nj}lhycl viìk} }wthjhcgip nvi lijtgkc }h`jnvgaw `hkìt}p+ Vipinv`livp lnqi n`ìt}im @hTp np nk ikmyvgkc ijieik} gk }li bkhsjimci%fnpim qgis ha }li agve* fy} tvn`}g}ghkivp lnqi ehp}jw ypim @hTp np anplghknfji enkncieik}mgp`hyvpi* pti`gag`njjw np n Bkhsjimci Enkncieik} }hhj* vipyj}gkc gk kyeivhyp tyfjg`n}ghkpfnpim hk tvncen}g` gk}ivtvi}n}ghkp ha }li `hkìt}+ Fw khs* }li @hT anplghk gp anmgkc gk }litvn`}g}ghkiv jg}ivn}yvi* fy} }li vipinv`liv `heeykg}w mgptjnwp vikisim gk}ivip} gk }li ahve hapiqivnj gk%mit}l `vg}g~yip nkm n vipyvcikì ha }lihvw%cvhykmim p}ymgip+

@hk`jypghk+ ]li viqgis }liviahvi tvimg`}p }li @hT `hkìt} sgjj py`ìppayjjw en}yvi hy} ha g}p

`yvvik} `vgpgp }lvhycl n kis tivghm* njvinmw p}nv}im* ha }lihvw miqijhteik} cvhykmim gk vgchvhypp}ymgip `hkmy`}im sg}lgk hvcnkgzn}ghkp+

Biwshvmp? `heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì* enkncieik} anplghkp* jg}ivn}yvi viqgis

]li @heeykg}w ha Tvn`}gì ,@hT' hvgcgknjjw gk}vhmyìm fw Jnqi nkm Sikciv ,>77>'* nkm ayv}livmiqijhtim fw Sikciv ,>77* n egm%64>4 pinv`l ahv }li }ivep `heeykg}w ha tvn`}gì HV `heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì gk}li IFP@H Fypgkipp Phyvì @hetji}i mn}nfnpi viqinjim* avhe 6449 hksnvmp* n mi`vinpi gktyfjg`n}ghkp gk }li tvn`}g}ghkiv jg}ivn}yvi ,slg`l gk IFP@H gk`jymip encnzgkip* kisptntivp* }vnmityfjg`n}ghkp nkm njph fhhb viqgisp tyfjgplim gk n`nmieg` ohyvknjp'* ahjjhsim fw n ehvi viìk}mi`jgki gk n`nmieg` ohyvknjp* nj}lhycl g} gp }hh invjw }h bkhs ga g} `hkp}g}y}ip n }vikm ,}li pinv`ltvgk}hy} gp nqngjnfji avhe }li ny}lhv'+


2/48

6

64 > >

= 9 01 1

6> 64

06

=6 =>

91

16

> 46 0

19

6669

66

09

63

>3

>6

60

9

4

>4

64

04

=4

94

14

34

77> >776 >770 >77= >779 >771 >773 >77< >777 6444 644> 6446 6440 644= 6449 6441 6443 644< 6447

N`nmieg` Tvn`}g}ghkiv

Agcyvi > N`nmieg` nkm tvn`}g}ghkiv @hT tyfjg`n}ghkp gk IFP@H Fypgkipp Phyvì @hetji}i

@hTp lnqi fiik mip`vgfim np cvhytp ha tihtji slh plnvi n `hkìvk* n pi} ha tvhfjiep* hv ntnppghk nfhy} n }htg`* nkm slh miitik }ligv bkhsjimci nkm i|tiv}gpi gk }lgp nvin fw gk}ivn`}gkc

hk nk hkchgkc fnpgp ,Sikciv i} nj 6446? ='+ I|netjip egcl} gk`jymi n cvhyt ha kyvpip slhmgp`ypp tn}gik} `npip hqiv }ligv mngjw jyk`l eii}gkc ,Sikciv >771'* ti}vhtlwpg`gp}p gkqhjqim gkmiit%pin ti}vhjiye i|tjhvn}ghk n} Plijj slh eii} siibjw }h i|tjhvi gppyip nkm vinj tvhfjiep}liw anì gk }ligv ahvenj }inep ,E`Miveh}} nkm Bikmvg`b 6444'* @lgia Gkahven}ghk Haagìvpavhe qnvghyp `hetnkgip gk }li Pnk Avnk`gp`h nvin slh eii} ehk}ljw ahv n }i`lkg`nj tvipik}n}ghknkm mgp`yppghk ahjjhsim fw mgkkiv ,Ehvnk nkm Sigeiv 644='2 hv tyfjg` miaikì n}}hvkiwpplnvgkc n `hyk}w haagì slh jinvk avhe in`l h}liv lhs }h getvhqi }ligv `hyv} tivahvenkì* nkm

}livifw miqijht }ligv tvhaippghknj gmik}g}gip ,Lnvn nkm P`lsik 6441'+

]li `hkìt} lnp jim }h anv%vin`lgkc gkpgcl}p nfhy} shvbtjnì jinvkgkc+ Vipinv`livp ahykm }ln}ietjhwiip nvi `hkp}nk}jw jinvkgkc np }liw ch nfhy} }ligv mngjw shvb* nkm ey`l ha }lgp jinvkgkc finvpjg}}ji vijn}ghk }h* nkm gp ha}ik n} hmmp sg}l* ahvenj }vngkgkc nkm `nkhkg`nj shvb tvhìmyvip ,Fvhsk nkmMycygm >77>2 Sikciv >77


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nttvik}gìplgtp* fy} nvi kn}yvnj ph`gnj p}vy`}yvip i|gp}gkc sliviqiv tihtji shvb nkm n``hetjgpl}lgkcp }hci}liv ,Sikciv >777732 Psnk i} nj >7772Jippiv nkm Iqivip} 644>'+ Ehvihqiv* na}iv mgpntthgk}gkc vipyj}p avhe agvp}%cikivn}ghk BkhsjimciEnkncieik} ,BE' tvhoi`}p* sg}l }ligv linqw ietlnpgp hk G] phjy}ghkp ahv bkhsjimci%plnvgkc,P`nvfvhycl 64402 ]lhetphk nkm Snjplne 644=2 E`Miveh}} >777'* @hTp lnqi fiik vi`hckgpimnp nk gkmgptikpgfji ijieik} ha hvcnkgzn}ghknj BE tvhcvneeip+ Gk n BE agijm }ln} gp `vg}g`gzimahv g}p gk`vinpgkc avnceik}n}ghk ,Njqipphk nkm Bvvienk 644>2 Sgjphk 64462 Cviw nkm Eigp}iv6440'* @hTp lnqi ieivcim np hki ha }li ais `heehk mikhegkn}hvp gk i|gp}gkc BE }wthjhcgip,Lnkpik i} nj >7772 Miptvip nkm @lnyqij 64442 Fgkkiw 644>2 Invj 644>2 Njqipphk nkmBvvienk 644>2 Bnbnfnmpi i} nj 64402 Jjhvgn 644' gk }ligv `hkìt}ynjgzn}ghk ha n enkncieik} anplghk*slg`l }liw miagki np }li tn}}ivkp ha tvhmy`}ghk nkm `hkpyet}ghk ha }iethvnvgjw gk}ikpgqienkncieik} mgp`hyvpi* nkm }li hvcnkgzn}ghknj `lnkcip gkmyìm fw nkm npph`gn}im sg}l }lgpmgp`hyvpi ,644>? =4'+

]lipi ny}lhvp `vg}g~yi Nfvnlnephkp ,>771' piegknj `hkìt}ynjgzn}ghk ha n anplghk ahv angjgkc }hgk`jymi sln} }liw `hkpgmiv n biw `lnvn`}ivgp}g`* kneijw* gk}ivtvi}n}gqi qgnfgjg}w+ ]lgp viaivp }h nìv}ngk micvii ha nefgcyg}w gk n `hkìt}* slg`l ikmhsp g} sg}l cvin}iv nttinj }h n fvhnmiv pi} hath}ik}gnj ypivp+ N `hkìt} }ln} gp jhhpijw pti`gagim jinqip vhhe ahv n enknciv }h pii g} np }liphjy}ghk ahv n qi|gkc tvhfjie* hv }h piji`}gqijw nmht} avhe }li `hkìt} }lhpi ijieik}p slg`l p(liagkmp ehp} nttinjgkc+ Py`l `hkìt}p `nk fi htivn}ghknjgzim gk n kyefiv ha mgaaivik} snwp* `nkfi mitjhwim }h n`lgiqi mgaaivik} tyvthpip* nkm `nk pgeyj}nkihypjw nttinj }h mgaaivik}`hkp}g}yik`gip pgkì in`l `nk gk}ivtvi} }li `hkìt} gk }ligv hsk snw+

Fikmivp nkm qnk Qiik ,644>' njph qgis Nfvnlnephkp `hkìt}ynjgzn}ghk np pgetjgp}g` gk`jnppgawgkc anplghk ypivp np ig}liv pi}}ivp ,n`nmieg`p nkm `hkpyj}nk}p' hv ahjjhsivp ,mh`gjienkncivp'+ Gkp}inm }liw nvcyi }ln}* }h n ìv}ngk i|}ik}* njj n`}hvp miqijht }ligv hsk gk}ivtvi}n}ghkha }li `hkìt}* nmnt} g} }h `vin}i anplghknfji mgp`hyvpi* nkm ypi }lgp }h tvheh}i hvcnkgzn}ghknj`lnkci+

]lgp viqgis ahykm }ln} Fikmivp nkm qnk Qiikp ehmij tvhqgmip n tjnypgfji i|tjnkn}ghk ahv }livntgm mgaaypghk ha }li @hT `hkìt} nkm }li tvhjgaivn}ghk ha mgqivcgkc gk}ivtvi}n}ghkp* slg`l lnpjim }h }li `yvvik} `vgpgp+ Gk }li lgp}hvg`nj iqhjy}ghk ha }li jg}ivn}yvi* }lvii iqik}p nvi pgkcjim hy} npmipivqgkc pti`gnj n}}ik}ghk?


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n' Piegknj shvbp hk }li @hT `hkìt} ,Jnqi nkm Sikciv >77>2 Fvhsk nkm Mycygm >77>' angjim}h ip}nfjgpl n `jinv miagkg}ghk* jinqgkc g} jnvcijw np nk gk}yg}gqi kh}ghk gk kiim ha ayv}livmiqijhteik} ,Jnqi nkm Sikciv >77>? =6'+ ]lgp miqijhteik} snp tvhqgmim ey`l jn}iv fw Sikciv,>77777772 Psnk i} nj >7772 Sikciv 6444n2 ]phybnp nkmQjnmgegvhy 644>'+ ]li @hT `hkìt} }lyp naahvmim n }geijw fhhp} }h BE* slg`l ~yg`bjwiefvnìm g} np tnv} ha g}p }hhjbg} ,i+c+ Lnkpik i} nj >7772 Fgkkiw 644>2 Invj 644>'+

Pgkì Fikmivp nkm qnk Qiikp anplghk ehmij nmmvippip enkncieik} mgp`hyvpip nkm }ligv iaai`}phk hvcnkgzn}ghkp* }lgp viqgis sgjj jgeg} g}p tyvqgis }h fypgkipp nkm hvcnkgzn}ghknj p}ymgip+Kiqiv}lijipp* }li @hT `hkìt} lnp njph fiik qivw gkajyik}gnj gk }li agijmp ha Imy`n}ghk*Ph`ghjhcw nkm Nk}lvhthjhcw+ Ahv i|}ikpgqi viqgisp ha }lhpi jg}ivn}yvip* }li vinmiv gp viaivvim }hMnqikthv} nkm Lnjj ,6446' nkm Bhjgfn nkm Cnomn ,6447'+

Fiwhkm }lgp gk}vhmy`}ghk* }li viqgis gp hvcnkgzim gk}h piqik pi`}ghkp+ ]li agvp} tvipik}p invjw@hT p}ymgip nkm }li iqhjy}ghk ha }li `hkìt} }lvhycl }li piegknj shvbp ha Jnqi* Sikciv* Hvv*nkm Fvhsk nkm Mycygm+ Pi`}ghk }sh mip`vgfip Sikcivp ,>77


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njhkcpgmi ip}nfjgplim eiefivp+ Gk }lgp snw* kis`heivp cvnmynjjw `lnkci }ligv gmik}g}w }h }ln} hank gkpgmiv+ ]liw kneim }lgp tvhcvippghk avhe tivgtlivnj eiefivplgt }h ayjj gkpgmiv p}n}ypjicg}gen}i tivgtlivnj tnv}g`gtn}ghk ,JTT'* nkm g} gp }ligv engk gk}ikmim `hk}vgfy}ghk nkm }li }g}ji ha}ligv fhhb+ ]liw `hgkim }li }ive `heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì* sg}lhy} cgqgkc n ahvenj miagkg}ghk* }hmipgckn}i }li `heeykg}gip }ln} nttvik}gìp ohgkim+ ]lyp* fw mipgck* }ligv ehkhcvntl ah`ypip hk}li nttvik}gìp nkm }li tvhìpp ha JTT* slgji tnwgkc jipp n}}ik}ghk }h }li `heeykg}w g}pija+

]li @hTp mip`vgfim fw Jnqi nkm Sikciv sivi `lnvn`}ivgzim fw JTT* jinvkgkc ,i~yn}im }h }li`hkp}vy`}ghk ha n tvn`}g}ghkiv gmik}g}w'* nkm n tvn`}gì+ ]lhycl pbi}`lw* }lgp ehmij ha @hT gp p}gjj`yvvik}jw gk ypi* ipti`gnjjw gk p}ymgip ah`ypgkc hk }li gkfhykm }vnoi`}hvgip ha kis`heivp gk}hip}nfjgplim @hTp ,i+c+ Lnvvgp i} nj 644=2 Lnkmjiw i} nj 64432 @netfijj 6447'+

Nkh}liv piegknj p}ymw gp Hvvp ,>774' i}lkhcvntlw ha \ivh| tlh}h`htgiv agijm }i`lkg`gnkp*slg`l anehypjw viqinjim }li i|}ik} }h slg`l `hkqik}ghknj ohf mip`vgt}ghkp angjim }h `nt}yvi }ligk}vg`n`gip ha tvn`}gì+ ]li `hetnkw nppyeim }li }i`l vitp lnm nk gkmgqgmynj ohf slg`l `hyjmfi n``hetjgplim fw pgetjw ahjjhsgkc }li vitngv tvhìmyvip pti`gagim gk }li haag`gnj pivqgìenkynj+ Gk tvn`}gì* }lhycl* Hvv mgp`hqivim }li vitp lnm miqijhtim n p}vhkc gkahvenj `heeykg}w}ln} ei} mngjw ahv fvinbanp} }h i|`lnkci tvhfjie%phjqgkc }gtp+ Pti`gag`njjw* }liw `vna}im nkm }hjmin`l h}liv p}hvgip nfhy} }li en`lgkip }liw ag|im+ ]lgp knvvn}ghk pivqim }li mynj tyvthpi halhjmgkc `hk}i|}ynjgzim n`}ghknfji bkhsjimci nfhy} gkmgqgmynj en`lgkip* nkm ikn`}gkc }ligvtvhaippghknj gmik}g}gip np ,livhg`' vitp+ Fi`nypi }liw njvinmw plnvim n cvin} minj ha `heehkcvhykm ,Fi`lbw 6440'* }lgp knvvn}ghk snp nk iaai`}gqi snw ha `heeykg`n}gkc `hetji| }n`g}bkhsjimci nfhy} }li en`lgkip+ Gk an`}* fi`hegkc n eiefiv ha }li `heeykg}w snp np ey`lnfhy} jinvkgkc }h }ijj chhm p}hvgip np g} snp nfhy} jinvkgkc ei`lnkg`nj vitngv pbgjjp+

N} }li }gei li svh}i lgp i}lkhcvntlw* Hvv snp kh} yknsnvi ha }li @hT `hkìt} ,Mycygm 6441'2kiqiv}lijipp li ypim qnk Ennkik nkm Fnvjiwp ,>777>' nv}g`yjn}im }li vijiqnkì ahv fypgkipphvcnkgzn}ghkp ha sln} gkg}gnjjw nttinvim jgbi nk iph}ivg` `hkìt} miqijhtim fw nk}lvhthjhcgp}p+]lipi ny}lhvp sivi agvp} }h nvcyi }ln}* miptg}i }ligv kinv%gkqgpgfgjg}w* @hTp sivi }li biw }hiaai`}gqi shvbtjnì jinvkgkc nkm gkkhqn}ghk* nkm }liviahvi `hkp}g}y}im nk gethv}nk} `hkìvk ahvenkncivp* ipti`gnjjw gk bkhsjimci%fnpim hvcnkgzn}ghkp+

]liw fnpi }ligv }lihvgzgkc hk Hvvp ,>774' n``hyk} nkm sivi }lyp }li agvp} }h tvhthpi nvigk}ivtvi}n}ghk ha Hvvp }lg`b mip`vgt}ghk gk }ivep ha }li thpg}gqi `hk}vgfy}ghk @hTp enbi }h }lihvcnkgzn}ghk+ H}livp shyjm jn}iv tvhthpi ehvi `hkajg`}ynj vigk}ivtvi}n}ghkp ,Ah| 64442 @hk}ynkm Sgjjeh}} 64402 @h| 64492 @hk}y nkm Sgjjeh}} 6441'+ Pti`gag`njjw* Fvhsk nkm Mycygm,>77>' tvhthpi }lvii hqivjnttgkc `n}ichvgip np nk i|tjnkn}hvw ehmij }ln} ag}p }li vitp tvn`}gì?knvvn}ghk* `hjjnfhvn}ghk nkm ph`gnj `hkp}vy`}ghk+ ]lgp agvp} ehmij ha @hT chip sijj fiwhkm Jnqinkm Sikcivp gk}yg}gqi kh}ghk* nkm tvhfnfjw i|tjngkp slw }ligv nv}g`ji gp `g}im fw enkw np }lipiegknj @hT viaivikì+


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Knvvn}ghk gp }li `vna}gkc nkm i|`lnkcgkc ha snv p}hvgip nfhy} }li vitngv ha pti`gag` en`lgkip+]ijjgkc n p}hvw nfhy} n anyj}w en`lgki snp }li vitp liyvgp}g` ahv fygjmgkc n `nypnj ent }ln} cnqin `hlivik} n``hyk} ha }li tvhfjie+ Fi`nypi }li p}hvw gk`jymim nkm }hhb gk}h n``hyk} }li ph`gnjnkm en}ivgnj `hk}i|} gk slg`l }li en`lgki htivn}im* g} tvhqgmim n ey`l ehvi n`}ghknfji n``hyk}}lnk }li mi`gpghk }vii tvip`vgfim fw }li haag`gnj pivqgì enkynj+

@hjjnfhvn}ghk viaivp }h }li an`} }ln} }li vitp pthk}nkihypjw hvcnkgzim }liepijqip np nk gkahvenj}ine gk hvmiv }h `hjjnfhvn}i sg}l in`l h}liv* }vnmgkc p}hvgip nkm lijtgkc in`l h}liv }h enbi pikpiha }li gmghpwk`vnpgip ha mgaaivik} en`lgkip+ ]lgp h``yvvim miptg}i }li an`} }ln} }li `hvthvn}ghkqgisim }li ohf np gkmgqgmynj nkm nph`gnj+

Agknjjw* }li `n}ichvw ha ph`gnj `hkp}vy`}ghk enkgaip}p g}pija gk }sh mgeikpghkp+ Agvp}* }ln} }li vitpfygjm }lvhycl }ligv gk}ivn`}ghkp n plnvim ykmivp}nkmgkc* gk iaai`} n vitp ehmij ha }li en`lgkip+Pi`hkm* }ln} fw fi`hegkc tvhag`gik} gk }li }ijjgkc ha p}hvgip* }li vit pgeyj}nkihypjw fygjmp lgphsk gmik}g}w np n vit nkm `hk}vgfy}ip }h }li `hjji`}gqijw%lijm bkhsjimci fnpi ha }li @hT+

Fvhsk nkm Mycygm ki|} nmnt} Jnqi nkm Sikcivp ,>77>' `hkìt} ha @hT gk hvmiv }h `lnvn`}ivgzi}li vitp n`}ghkp np jinvkgkc }h ayk`}ghk* hv miqijhtgkc gkpgmiv gmik}g}gip* gk nk hvcnkgzn}ghknj@hT+ Shvbtjnì jinvkgkc gp fip} ykmivp}hhm* }lik* gk }ivep ha `heeykg}gip figkc ahveim hv ohgkim nkm tivphknj gmik}g}gip figkc `lnkcim ,>77>? =7777>'* khv* ha `hyvpi* gk Hvvp ,>774' i}lkhcvntlw+]li `hk`jypghk avhe }lgp lgp}hvg`nj hqivqgis* ypgkc Fikmivp nkm qnk Qiikp }ivegkhjhcw* gp }ln}}li piegknj @hT p}ymgip gk}vhmyìm nk nttinjgkc `hkìt} sg}l pyfp}nk}gnj gk}ivtvi}n}gqi qgnfgjg}w+Gk pyfpi~yik} winvp* }li vipyj}gkc nefgcyg}w njjhsim }li `hkìt} }h fi ypim nkm gk}ivtvi}im gkgk`vinpgkcjw mgqivcik} snwp+

]li egm% nkm jn}i kgki}gip `nk fi `lnvn`}ivgzim np n tivghm ha gk`vinpgkc i|`g}ieik} nfhy} @hTp*sg}l ik}lypgnp}g` n``hyk}p nttinvgkc gk fypgkipp encnzgkip ,i+c+ Fvhsk nkm Cvnw >7792 Enkqgjji


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nkm Ahh}i >7712 Vh}l >7712 P}y`bw nkm Fvhsk >7712 P}isnv} >7712 Tvhbip`l >7732 P}netp >7732Cvnlne i} nj >777772 P}isnv} 6444* Snvm 64442 Fvhsk nkm Mycygm 6444n'+ ]lgpcvhsgkc gk}ivip} snp tnv}jw myi }h }li an`} }ln} }li `hkìt} cgqip n knei }h }li anegjgnv lyenkkiim }h fijhkc nkm }nbi tnv} gk n cvhyt ha jgbi%egkmim tiivp+ Gkmiim* Sikciv ,>777' nvcyip@hTp nvi kn}yvnj ph`gnj p}vy`}yvip* `g}gkc tvilgp}hvg` }vgfip nkm eimgiqnj cygjmp np lgp}hvg`nji|netjip+ Ayv}livehvi* }li pnei winvp sg}kippim nk i|tjhpghk ha gk}ivip} gk BE+ Thkzg nkm

Bhikgc ,6446' vithv} }ln} BE tyfjg`n}ghkp lnm qivw vntgm cvhs}l na}iv >771* nkm lg} n tinb hanjehp} 144 nv}g`jip gk >777+ @jinvjw* phei ha }lipi BE p}ymgip sivi svg}}ik ypgkc }li kistivpti`}gqi naahvmim fw @hTp+

Gk >777777>' ehmij ,i+c+ Jii nkm @hji 64402 Tnk nkm Jigmkiv 64402 Lhje~qgp}6440'+ Gk%mit}l ikcncieik} sg}l Sikcivp avneishvb mgm kh} `hei yk}gj jn}iv ,i+c+ ]lhetphk64492 Chhmsgk i} nj 6449'+

Fw }li }gei Sikcivp i}lkhcvntlw nttinvim* n }vikm snp njvinmw qgpgfji gk }li jg}ivn}yvi slg`lshyjm `hk}gkyi na}iv }li }yvk ha }li ìk}yvw+ @hT p}ymgip sivi vhycljw njgckim njhkc }sh mgp}gk`}`netp slg`l egcl} fi jnfijjim }li Hvcnkgzn}ghknj p}ymgip gk}ivtvi}n}ghk nkm }li BkhsjimciEnkncieik} gk}ivtvi}n}ghk+ ]li agvp} cvhyt ietlnpgzip @hT }lihvw miqijhteik} fw mip`vgfgkcieivcik}* gkahvenj hvcnkgzn}ghknj @hTp+ ]li pi`hkm cvhyt ietlnpgzip }li fypgkipp qnjyi ha@hTp* nkm ngep }h gmik}gaw* pytthv}* nkm(hv jnyk`l p}vn}icg` @hTp gk hvmiv }h enkncihvcnkgzn}ghknj bkhsjimci+ ]li }sh tivpti`}gqip nvi mgptjnwim gk ]nfji > slg`l lgcljgcl}p }ligv`hk}vnp}gkc gk}ivtvi}n}ghkp ha qnvghyp @hT `lnvn`}ivgp}g`p nkm `ntnfgjg}gip np viaji`}im gkvitvipik}n}gqi p}ymgip+ ]lyp* np }li `hkìt} nttvhn`lim g}p }ik}l fgv}lmnw* pgckp ha n enkncieik}anplghk sivi gk iqgmikì* sg}l vgpgkc tyfjg`n}ghk }vikmp nkm gk}ivtvi}n}gqi qgnfgjg}w jinmgkc }hgk`vinpgkcjw mgqivcik} gk}ivtvi}n}ghkp+

Sikcivp ,>77


8/48

@hk}vnp}gkc Hvcnkgzn}ghknj nkm BE gk}ivtvi}n}ghkp ha @hTp

Hvcnkgzn}ghknj p}ymgip gk}ivtvi}n}ghk Bkhsjimci Enkncieik} gk}ivtvi}n}ghk

]lipi p}ymgip gk}ivtvi} @hTp np ieivcik}* pija%hvcnkgzgkc* gkahvenj cvhytp slh pi} }ligv hsk jinvkgkcncikmn* nkm htivn}i fiwhkm enkncieik} `hk}vhj+]liviahvi* }li thpg}ghkp }liw ietlnpgzi nvi?

]lipi p}ymgip gk}ivtvi} @hTp np lgmmik viphyvìp }ln} plhyjmfi gmik}gagim* pytthv}im fw enkncieik}* nkm `lnvcim sg}ltyvpygkc bkhsjimci gkg}gn}gqip }ln} lnqi p}vn}icg` qnjyi ahv }lihvcnkgzn}ghk+ ]liviahvi* }li thpg}ghkp }liw ietlnpgzi nvi?

@hTp nvi gkahvenj ieivcik} p}vy`}yvip

Hvv ,>774'2 Fvhsk nkm Mycygm ,>77>'2 Likmvw ,>771'2Sikciv ,>77773'2 Sikciv nkm Pkwmiv ,6444'2 Jippiv nkmIqivip} ,644>'2 Jippiv nkm P}hv`b ,644>'2 Bgefji nkm Fhyvmhk,64477773'2 Lnkjiw ,>7777>'2 Sikciv ,>77779'2 Enkqgjji nkm Ahh}i ,>771'2 Vh}l ,>771'2Sikciv ,>777'2 E`Miveh}} nkm Bikmvg`b ,6444'2 Fnvvhs ,644>'2Pngk}%Hkci nkm Snjjnì ,6440'

@hTp ieivci }h phjqi vhy}gki tvhfjiep

Hvv ,>774'2 Sikciv ,>77'2Lnvn nkm P`lsik ,6441'

@hTp plhyjm ah`yp hk p}vn}icg`njjw gethv}nk} tvhfjiep

Fvhsk nkm Cvnw ,>779'2 Sikciv ,>7772 644='2 E`Miveh}} nkmBikmvg`b ,6444'2 Fnvvhs ,644>'2 Pngk}%Hkci nkm Snjjnì ,6440'2Nknkm i} nj,6443'

]li @hTp bkhsjimci gp pg}yn}im nkm lijm`heeyknjjw* likì g} `nkkh} fi i|}vn`}im

E`Miveh}} ,>777'2 Kisijj i} nj,6446'2Mycygm ,6441'2 @h| ,6443f'

BE pwp}iep plhyjm fygjm hk nkm jiqivnci n @hTp kn}yvnjbkhsjimci%plnvgkc tvn`}gìp

Fvhsk ,>77774'2 Sikciv ,>77'2Sikciv i} nj,6446'2 Tjnpbhaa ,6440'2 Pngk}%Hkci nkmSnjjnì ,6440'2 ]lhetphk ,6449'2 Nknkm i} nj,6443'2E`Miveh}} ,64442 6443'2 Eiiysipik nkm Fivikmp ,6443'

@hTp pyfqiv} enkncieik} ny}lhvg}w

Hvv ,>774'2 Bhv`zwkpbg ,6440'2@h| ,6449'2 Mycygm ,6441'2 Vnz ,6443'

@hTp nvi }li livhip ha }li hvcnkgzn}ghk

Fvhsk nkm Cviw ,>779'2 Tvhbip`l ,>773'2 Fvhsk ,>77779'2Sikciv nkm Pkwmiv ,6444'2 Bgefji nkm Fhyvmhk ,644771'2 Tvhbip`l ,>773'2 E`Miveh}} nkmBikmvg`b ,6444'2 Fhfvhs nkm Slnjik ,6446'2 Tvhfp} nkmFhvzgjjh ,644


9/48

7

6 Sikcivp ph`gnj }lihvw ha jinvkgkc nkm }li vhji tjnwim fw }li @hT `hk`it}

Sikciv ,>77


10/48

>4

AGCYVI 6 @hethkik}p ha Sikcivp ph`gnj }lihvw ha jinvkgkc

,nmnt}im avhe Sikciv >77


11/48

>>

}lvii mgeikpghkp ha tvn`}gì np }li phyvì ha `hlivikì ha n `heeykg}w ,ha tvn`}gì'* g+i+ np sln}enbip }ln} tnv}g`yjnv bgkm ha `heeykg}w `hlivi+ Li }lyp mip`vgfip }lie np `hkp}g}y}gqi hvmiagkgkc mgeikpghkp ha @hTp ,Sikciv >776' Onvchk nkm plhv}`y}p }h `heeykg`n}ghk np sijj np }li inpi ha tvhmy`gkc kis hkip>0' @iv}ngk p}wjip vi`hckgpim np mgptjnwgkc eiefivplgt>=' N plnvim mgp`hyvpi viaji`}gkc n ìv}ngk tivpti`}gqi hk }li shvjm

Phyvì? Nmnt}im avhe Sikciv ,>77


12/48

>6

tnv}g`gtn}ghk gkqhjqip @hTp2 g} enw gkqhjqi qnvghyp }wtip ha ph`gnj p}vy`}yvip* nkm mh ph sg}lhy}ikcncieik} gk tvn`}g`i+

Pgegjnvjw* Sikciv ,>77


13/48

>0

0+ @hkìt}ynj `hkaypghk avhe pgegjnv tlikheikn

Phei `hkaypghkp gk }li @hT jg}ivn}yvi `nk fi }vnìm }h }li pgegjnvg}w ha }li `hkìt} }h h}livph`gnj p}vy`}yvip }ln} nvi vijn}im }h bkhsjimci nkm jinvkgkc2 }li ehp} tvhegkik} nvi jgp}im gk]nfji 0+ ]li agvp} gp @hkp}nk}p ,>777777? >* g}njg`p gk hvgcgknj'+

Ki}shvb hatvn`}gì ,KhT'

Ki}shvbp ha tvn`}gì nvi enmi yt ha tihtji }ln} ikcnci gk }li pnei hv qivw pgegjnvtvn`}gì* fy} ykjgbi gk n `heeykg}w ha tvn`}gì* }lipi tihtji mhk} kiìppnvgjw shvb}hci}liv Rwi}U py`l n ki}shvb plnvip n cvin} minj ha `heehk tvn`}gì+ @hkpi~yik}jw* g}peiefivp plnvi n cvin} minj ha gkpgcl} nkm getjg`g} ykmivp}nkmgkc+ Nkm gk }lipi`hkmg}ghkp* kis gminp `nk `gv`yjn}i+ ]lipi mh kh} `gv`yjn}i np gk n `heeykg}w ha tvn`}gì*}lvhycl `hjjnfhvn}gqi* `hhvmgkn}im tvn`}gì nkm mgvi`} `heeykg`n}ghk+ Gkp}inm* }liw`gv`yjn}i hk }li fn`b ha pgegjnv tvn`}gì ,tihtji mhgkc pgegjnv }lgkcp fy} gkmitikmik}jw'nkm gkmgvi`} `heeykg`n}ghkp ,tvhaippghknj kispji}}ivp* jgp}pivqp* ohyvknjp* nkm`hkaivikìp* ahv i|netji' ,Fvhsk nkm Mycygm 6444f? 677


14/48


15/48

>9

=+ @hkìt}ynj `hkaypghk avhe `heti}gkc mipgckn}ghkp

Nkh}liv enkgaip}n}ghk ha gk}ivtvi}n}gqi qgnfgjg}w `nk fi mgpìvkim gk }li nttinvnkì ha n kyefiv hanj}ivkn}gqi mipgckn}ghkp ahv @hTp+ Phei ny}lhvp lnqi gk}vhmyìm kis kneip ahv qnvghyp jinvkgkccvhytp gk hvcnkgzn}ghkp* slg`l ythk `jhpi i|negkn}ghk nttinv }h mgaaiv qivw jg}}ji avhe }li invjgiv`hkìt} ha @hT* }livifw `hk}vgfy}gkc }h }li `hkìt}ynj `hkaypghk gk }li jg}ivn}yvi+

Fhjnkm nkm ]ikbnpg ,>779' n`bkhsjimci fhvvhsgkc Jnqi nkm Sikcivp ,>77>' `hkìt} ha @hT*}h slg`l }liw nmmim }ligv hsk kynkìp+ ]liw tvhthpi }li }ive `heeykg}w ha bkhsgkc }hmip`vgfi `heeykg}gip ha pti`gnjgzim hv i|tiv} bkhsjimci shvbivp gk bkhsjimci%gk}ikpgqi agvep+Nvcynfjw* }liw `hyjm lnqi viaivvim }h n @hT ha i|tiv}p }h nqhgm }li gk}vhmy`}ghk ha n kismipgckn}ghk+

H}liv ny}lhvp lnqi mgaaivik}gn}im }liepijqip avhe }li Sikciv avneishvb fw enbgkc nfpikì haenkncieik} mgvi`}ghk hv pytthv} n kiìppnvw `hkmg}ghk ahv n }vyi @hT* nkm tvhthpgkc kismipgckn}ghkp ahv cvhytp }ln} mgptjnw njj }li tvhtiv}gip ha @hTp* wi} miqijht sg}l enkncieik}pfjippgkc nkm pytthv}+

Ahv gkp}nkì* F`lij nkm Vnyf ,6446' gk}vhmyìm }li `hkìt} habkhsjimci ki}shvbp slg`l }liwnvcyi i|}ikmp fiwhkm }li }vnmg}ghknj `hkìt} ha @hT+ ]li ny}lhvp tvhthpi ahyv qnvgnk}p ha }lgp`hkìt}? lhffw ki}shvbp* tvhaippghknj jinvkgkc ki}shvb* fypgkipp htthv}ykg}w ki}shvb nkmfip} tvn`}gìp ki}shvb+ ]liw `hk}ikm hkjw }li agvp} }sh `hkahve }h }li }vnmg}ghknj `hkìt} ha@hT ,6446? 977


16/48

>1

nkm kh} gkahvenjg}w* }h fi }li ippik}gnj `hkmg}ghk+ Nkw shvbcvhyt ikcncim gk n pti`gag` mhengkha bkhsjimci sgjj hqiv }gei iqhjqi gk}h n @hT2 }ln} gp* g} sgjj miqijht nk gkmgcikhyp tvn`}g`i }ln}njjhsp g} }h ci} }li ohf mhki* iqik ga }li shvbcvhyt gp ahvenjjw ip}nfjgplim fw enkncieik}* npsnp }li `jngep tvh`ipphvp ykg}* slg`l fhnp}im n pytivqgphv nkm nk nppgp}nk} pytivqgphv ,>77


17/48

>3

9+ @lnjjikcip }h Sikcivp ,>7777


18/48

>' `vg}g~yi }li jn}iv Sikciv ahv lgp pytthv} ahv nenkncivgnjgp} ncikmn?

]li n``hyk} ha jinvkgkc tvipik}im gk @heeykg}gip ha Tvn`}gì nkm Ph`gnj Jinvkgkc

Pwp}iep RSikciv 6444fU `nk fi gk}ivtvi}im np n plga} avhe invjgiv tnv}g`gtn}ghk gk nknknjw}g` `heeykg}w ikcncim gk tvn`}gìp }ln} nptgvi }h iklnkì ey}ynj ykmivp}nkmgkc

ahv tyvthpip ha ienk`gtn}ghk ,Jnqi nkm Sikciv* >77>' }h tnv}g`gtn}ghk gk n `heeykg}w

}ln} gp tvgenvgjw tvih``ytgim sg}l getvhqgkc tvimg`}ghk nkm `hk}vhj ahv tyvthpip ha

getvhqgkc tivahvenkì+

Gk thgk} ha an`}* Sikciv nvcyip @hTp `nkkh} fi enkncim gk }li ypynj pikpi ha }li shvm2 }liw`nk fi enkgtyjn}im hv `hivìm gk}h pyfegppghk* fy} enkncgkc }li tvn`}gì ha n @hT* gk }liknvvhs pikpi ha i|iv`gpgkc `hk}vhj hqiv g}* gp kh} thppgfji?

R]Uli thsiv fikiqhjik} hv enjiqhjik} }ln} gkp}g}y}ghkp* tvip`vgt}ghkp hv gkmgqgmynjp

lnqi hqiv }li tvn`}gì ha n `heeykg}w gp njsnwp eimgn}im fw }li `heeykg}wp tvhmy`}ghk

ha g}p tvn`}gì+ I|}ivknj ahvìp lnqi kh mgvi`} thsiv hqiv }lgp tvhmy`}ghk* fi`nypi gk }li

jnp} nknjwpgp ,g+i+* gk }li mhgkc }lvhycl ey}ynj ikcncieik} gk tvn`}gì'* g} gp }li

`heeykg}w }ln} kich}gn}ip g}p ik}ivtvgpi ,Sikciv >77


19/48

>7

1 Viìk} }lihvi}g`nj `hk}vgfy}ghkp }h }li @hT jg}ivn}yvi

]lgp pi`}ghk viqgisp n piji`}ghk ha }lihvi}g`njjw%cvhykmim p}ymgip* tyfjgplim myvgkc }li pi`hkmmi`nmi ha @hT jg}ivn}yvi* }ln} lnqi enmi pgckgag`nk} `hk}vgfy}ghkp }h hyv ykmivp}nkmgkc ha @hTp+]liw nvi fvhnmjw cvhytim gk}h pg| nvinp ha `yvvik} gk}ivip}? jnyk`lgkc @hTp* enkncgkc nkm`hk}vhjjgkc @hTp* fhykmnvgip nkm gkkhqn}ghk* gmik}g}w `hkp}vy`}ghk* qgv}ynj @hTp nkm }li `hkìt}

ha @hT+ Nk hqivqgis ha }lipi `hk}vgfy}ghkp gp tvhqgmim gk ]nfji =+

Jnyk`lgkc @hTp

Piqivnj viìk} p}ymgip i|negki sli}liv @hTp `nk fi jnyk`lim* hv ehvi tvi`gpijw* sli}liv ncvhyt gkg}gn}im fw enkncieik} lnp n vinphknfji `lnkì ha miqijhtgkc gk}h n }vyi @hT+ ]linkpsiv nttinvp }h fi n `ny}ghyp wip* ga }li kiìppnvw p}vy`}yvnj ijieik}p nvi tvhqgmim,E`Miveh}} 64442 Sikciv i} nj 64462 ]lhetphk 6449'+ Lhsiqiv* enkncieik} n}}iet}p }h`hk}vhj @hTp* ahv gkp}nkì fw mienkmgkc ìv}ngk mijgqivnfjip* `nk pgetjw }vnkpahve }lie gk}hhvcnkgzn}ghknj ykg}p ,}inep hv }npb ahvìp'* enbi }lie ch ykmivcvhykm ,Chkcjn nkm Vgzzy}h644=' hv enbi }lie `hkahve }h }li haag`gnj jgki sg}l jg}}ji vinj jinvkgkc ,E`Miveh}} 6443'+

Psnk* P`nvfvhycl nkm Vhfiv}phk ,6446' tvhqgmi nk i|netji ha lgcljw kynkìm enkncivgnjgk}ivqik}ghk* n `npi p}ymw ha n eimg`nj @hT `hkqikim hv tvheh}im fw nmegkgp}vn}hvp ha n linj}lhvcnkgzn}ghk np n qilg`ji ahv n vnmg`nj gkkhqn}ghk gk }li }vin}eik} ha tvhp}n}i `nkìv bkhsk npfvn`lw}livntw+ ]lipi enkncivp ikqgpghkim }ligv vhji kh} ~yg}i np jnyk`lgkc fy} np an`gjg}n}gkc}li `hkp}vy`}ghk ha n kis eyj}gmgp`gtjgknvw `heeykg}w ikcncim nvhykm fvn`lw}livntw tvn`}gì+]liw i|tjg`g}jw nmmvippim `hkp}g}y}gqi mgeikpghkp ha @hTp py`l np n sijj%miagkim mhengk habkhsjimci* gmik}g}w iklnkìeik}* ki}shvbgkc* nkm bkhsjimci fvhbivgkc+ ]lyp* iqik }lhyclenkncivp sivi vijn}gqijw thsivjipp fiahvi ip}nfjgplim eimg`nj tvhaippghknjp* }liw sivi nfji }hmitjhw }li }lihvw nkm }li mgp`hyvpi ha `heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì }h tvheh}i }li nmht}ghk ha nkgkkhqn}gqi tvhìmyvi+ ]li p}ymw njph tvhqgmip n }i|}fhhb i|netji ha }li ypi ha anplghknfjienkncieik} mgp`hyvpi }h tvheh}i `lnkci ,Fikmivp nkm qnk Qiik 644>'+

]lhetphk ,6449' enbip n `hk}vgfy}ghk }h }li @hT%jnyk`lgkc mifn}i fw mgp}gkcygplgkc fi}siikp}vy`}yvnj tnvnei}ivp nkm itgp}ieg` filnqghyvp nmht}im avhe Sikcivp ,>77=4 kis gk%}vngkgkctnv}g`gtnk}p* slg`l vi~ygvim ahvenj mh`yeik}n}ghk ha tvhìmyvip ,lg}liv}h ykkiìppnvw fi`nypiha }li cvhytp penjj pgzi'* nkm h}liv tvip`vgt}gqi einpyvip py`l np `hk}vhjp hk fgjjnfji qivpypkhk%fgjjnfji n`}gqg}gip+ ]lgp fvhycl} nfhy} }li miegpi ha }li hvgcgknj @hT* np eiefivp ~yg`bjwsg}lmvis gmik}gag`n}ghk nkm `heeg}eik} avhe }li kis* ehvi ahvenjgpim p}vy`}yvi+ ]lipiagkmgkcp nvi gk jgki sg}l Sikcivp ,>77


20/48

64

]nfji = Nk hqivqgis ha viìk} `hk}vgfy}ghkp }h @hT }lihvw

Jnyk`lgkc@hTp

Psnk i} nj,6446'? @hTp ypim np n vli}hvg` miqgì }h tvheh}i `lnkci nkm gkkhqn}ghk+

]lhetphk ,6449'? Mgp}gkcygplip fi}siik @hT p}vy`}yvnj `hethkik}p* slg`l hvcnkgzn}ghkp `nk ayvkgpl*nkm itgp}ieg` filnqghyvp* slg`l mitikm hk @hT eiefivp njhki+

Nknkm i} nj,6443'? Gmik}gagip py`ìpp an`}hvp ahv jnyk`lgkc kis tvn`}gì nvinp gk `hkpyj}gkc agvep+

Enkncgkc hv`hk}vhjjgkc

@hTp

Chkcjn nkm Vgzzy}h ,644='2 Tnp}hhvp ,6443'? @hTp `nk nkm mh iqnmi enkncieik} `hk}vhj+

@vhpp i} nj,6441'? Ypi PKN }h einpyvi bkhsjimci }vnkpn`}ghkp nkm tivahve }nvci}im gk}ivqik}ghkp gk@hT eiefivplgt nkm p}vy`}yvi+

Eiiysipik nkm Fivikmp ,6443'? Miqijht einpyvip ha tivahvenkì ha gk}ik}ghknjjw jnyk`lim @hTp+

P`likbij nkm ]igcjnkm ,64477>' }ln} ~yip}ghkp sli}liv }ligv ehmij i|}ikmp

fiwhkm }li `npip }liw i|negkim+Negk nkm Vhfiv}p ,644


21/48

6>

mgeikpghkp slg`l enkncivp eyp} tnw n}}ik}ghk }h slik jnyk`lgkc @hTp+ ]li agvp}* nvi piimgkcp}vy`}yvip* gk`jymgkc plnvim pwefhjp* nv}ian`}p* ehkyeik}p* }hhjp* nkm fhykmnvw hfoi`}p* }ln} `nkfi `hetvgpim ykmiv }li Sikciv `hkìt} ha plnvim vitiv}hgvi nkm slg`l hvcnkgzn}ghkp `nkpyfpgmgzi nkm enbi nqngjnfji }h th}ik}gnj @hT eiefivp+ Pi`hkm* nkm ehvi mgaag`yj}* gpik`hyvncgkc @hT eiefivp }h gk}ivn`} nvhykm }lipi p}vy`}yvip nkm nehkc }liepijqip* g+i+ }hikcnci gk tvn`}gì hv tivahve }li itgp}ieg` filnqghyvp slg`l hqiv }gei sgjj cgqi vgpi }h n @hT+

]li nv}g`ji njph entp }lipi mgeikpghkp hk}h Sikcivp gkmg`n}hvp* sg}l itgp}ieg` filnqghyvp`hvvipthkmgkc }h Gkmg`n}hvp >%7* nkm p}vy`}yvnj `hethkik}p }h Gkmg`n}hvp >4%>=+

Nknkm i} nj ,6443' gkqip}gcn}i }li py`ìpp an`}hvp ahv jnyk`lgkc kis tvn`}gì nvinp sg}lgkenkncieik} `hkpyj}nk`gip+ ]liw `lnvn`}ivgzi }lipi np gkkhqn}gqi bkhsjimci%fnpim p}vy`}yvip*nkm }liw i|tvippjw gmik}gaw }lie sg}l @hTp np thv}vnwim gk n qgcki}}i ha n `hkpyj}gkc `hetnkw gk}li fhhb fw Sikciv i} nj ,6446'+ ]ligv eyj}gtji `npi p}ymw snp `hkmy`}im n} ahyv `hkpyj}gkcagvep nkm gk`jymim n }h}nj ha }sik}w%kgki `npip ha tvn`}gì nvinp* gk`jymgkc fh}l py`ìppayj nkmykpy`ìppayj iaahv}p+ ]lgp jim }lie }h gmik}gaw ahyv `vg}g`nj cikivn}gqi ijieik}p? ph`gnjgpimncik`w ,n `hkpyj}nk}p mvgqi }h `vin}i n kis tvn`}gì nvin np n biw `nviiv%tvhcvippghk ehqi'*mgaaivik}gn}im i|tiv}gpi ,n kis nkm mgp}gk`}gqi fhmw ha tvhaippghknj bkhsjimci'* miaikpgfji }yva,tivpynmgkc h}livp ha }li envbi} vijiqnkì ha }li kis tvn`}gì nvin'* nkm hvcnkgzn}ghknj pytthv},viphyvìp* tivphkkij nkm pthkphvplgt }h khyvgpl }li kis tvn`}gì nvin'+ Njj gkp}nkìp hapy`ìppayj tvn`}gì nvin `vin}ghk mgptjnwim ph`gnjgpim ncik`w np }li tvhìpp `n}njwp}+ Gk sln} }liny}lhvp `njjim ieivcikì p}it* ncik`w `hefgkip sg}l hki ha }li h}liv }lvii `vg}g`nj ijieik}p*slg`l cgqip }li kis tvn`}gì nvin qgpgfgjg}w sg}lgk }li agve+ Fy} }li kis p}vy`}yvi hkjw fi`heipqgnfji ga }li h}liv }sh ijieik}p nvi njph nmmim* gk sln} gp `njjim }li iefimmgkc p}it+ ]li p}ymwgmik}gagim }lvii i~ynjjw vhfyp} tn}lsnwp slivifw n tvn`}gì nvin `nk fi fhvk mitikmgkc hkslg`l ha }li }lvii ijieik}p gkg}gnjjw `hefgkip sg}l ph`gnjgpim ncik`w? }li i|tiv}gpi%fnpimtn}lsnw ,slik n `hkpyj}nk} miqijhtp kis i|tiv}gpi'* }li }yva%fnpim tn}lsnw ,slik n `jgik}htthv}ykg}w tvhqgmip n `hkpyj}nk} sg}l ikhycl envbi} thsiv' nkm }li pytthv}%fnpim tn}lsnw,slik agve jinmivplgt khegkn}ip n `hkpyj}nk} }h `vin}i n kis tvn`}gì }ht%mhsk'+ ]li p}ymwahykm np enkw gkp}nkìp ha py`ìppayj enkncieik}%jnyk`lim @hTp* }lvhycl }li pytthv}%fnpimtn}lsnw* np ha fh}}he%yt ieivcikì }lvhycl }li h}liv }sh tn}lsnwp+ P}ymw agkmgkcp }lyp`hetjieik} ]lhetphkp ,6449' pgkcji agve `npi p}ymw* nkm `hk}vnp}p sg}l tviqghyp jg}ivn}yvinfhy} }li geeykg}w ha @hTp }h enkncieik} `hk}vhj ,Chkcjn nkm Vgzzy}h 644=2 Tnp}hhvp 6443'+

Gk pye* }livi gp ietgvg`nj pytthv} }h `jngep }ln} @hTp `nk fi gk}ik}ghknjjw mipgckim nkmjnyk`lim* nkm }livi gp ìv}ngkjw kh plhv}nci ha p}it%fw%p}it cygmip ,i+c+ E`Miveh}} nkmBikmvg`b 64442 Sikciv i} nj 64462 Tjnpbhaa 64402 Pngk}%Hkci nkm Snjjnì 64402 Ehvnk nkmSigeiv 644='+

Enkncgkc hv `hk}vhjjgkc @hTp

Hk }li h}liv lnkm* piqivnj p}ymgip mh`yeik} }li vijy`}nkì ha @hT eiefivp }h engk}ngk }ligv`heeg}eik} slik enkncieik} n}}iet}p }h `hk}vhj }li jinvkgkc ncikmn ha }li `heeykg}w hvvi~yip} pti`gag` mijgqivnfjip+ Nk i|netji gp }li miegpi ha ]lhetphkp ,6449' `heeykg}w*mip`vgfim fiahvi+ Gk nmmg}ghk* }livi gp n pwp}ien}g` p}ymw fw Chkcjn nkm Vgzzy}h ,644=' slh}vn`bim }li mgpnttinvnkì* hqiv n pg| winv tivghm* ha }sik}w%agqi hvcnkgzn}ghknj @hTp n} GFECjhfnj Pivqgìp+ Gk enkw `npip* }li miegpi ha @hTp `nk fi n}}vgfy}im }h kn}yvnj `nypip* npeiefivp gk}ivip}p nkm `heeg}eik}p plga}+ Lhsiqiv* }liw njph ahykm }ln} enkncieik}gk}ivqik}ghk `nk `nypi }li }vnkpahven}ghk hv miegpi ha n @hT gk }sh snwp? agvp}* enkncieik}


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gk}ivqik}ghkp `nk }vnkpahve n @hT gk}h nk haag`gnj hvcnkgzn}ghknj ykg}* jgbi n tvhcvneei* ntvhoi`} hv n tvn`}gì+ Likìahv}l* mi`gpghkp nfhy} ,ahveiv' `heeykg}w hfoi`}gqip* ncikmn*mijgqivnfjip nkm eiefivplgt nvi enmi fw enkncieik}* kh} fw eiefivp+ Pi`hkm* n `heeykg}w}ln} anìp gk`vinpgkc enkncieik} `hk}vhj enw mi`gmi }h viehqi g}pija `hetji}ijw avhe }lihvcnkgzn}ghknj vnmnv p`viik ,644=? 677'* nkm `hk}gkyi }h ayk`}ghk haa%pg}i hv hy}pgmi shvb lhyvpgk hvmiv }h tvipivqi g}p gkmitikmikì nkm nqhgm enkncieik}%gethpim nppgckeik}p+

Gk n pgegjnv qigk* Tnp}hhvp ,6443' tvhqgmip n `npi p}ymw ha n jnvci G] `hkpyj}nk`w }ln} vnk np}vhkc gk}ivknj tvhcvneei ha gkp}g}y}ghknjgpim @hTp+ Enkncieik} nppgckp `hkpyj}nk}p }hmgaaivik} @hTp sg}lhy} tnwgkc ey`l n}}ik}ghk }h }ligv tviaivikìp+ @hTp nvi lgcljw ahvenjgpimnkm htivn}i n``hvmgkc }h p}vg`} cygmijgkip sg}l vipti`} }h vhjip* `heeykg`n}ghk nkm tivahvenkìiqnjyn}ghk+ Ehvihqiv* `hkpyj}nk}p `nviiv nmqnkìeik} gp `hk}gkcik} hk }ligv tivahvenkì gk}ligv nppgckim @hT+ ]li p}ymw ahykm `hkpyj}nk}p sivi kh} eh}gqn}im }h ptikm i|}vn }gei hv iaahv}gk }ligv nppgckim @hTp+ Gkp}inm* }liw ohgkim nkm ptik} }gei hk fhh}jiccim* ykhaag`gnj @hTp slivi}liw sivi avii }h tyvpyi }ligv tnppghk+

Nk ykypynj nkcji* sg}l vipti`} }h enkncieik} `hk}vhj* gp tvhqgmim fw @vhpp i} njp ,6441' p}ymw ha}nvci}im gk}ivqik}ghkp }h getvhqi tivahvenkì ha @hTp+ ]liw ypi Ph`gnj Ki}shvb Nknjwpgp ,PKN'}h ent }li i|gp}gkc vijn}ghkplgtp fi}siik `heeykg}w eiefivp nkm }li qhjyei ha bkhsjimci}vnkpn`}ghkp ajhsgkc }lvhycl }lipi ph`gnj }gip+ @hytjim sg}l fn`bcvhykm gkahven}ghk ha eiefivi|tiv}gpi* PKN `nk viqinj @hT eiefivp slh nvi i|ìppgqijw `hkki`}im* nkm }lyp finv nmgptvhthv}ghkn}i fyvmik ha `hkpyj}n}ghkp* ypynjjw viti}g}gqi+ PKN `nk njph mi}i`} ayk`}ghknj nkmcihcvntlg`nj pgjhp slivi chhm tvn`}gìp nvi kh} figkc iaai`}gqijw `heeykg`n}im myi }h jn`b ha`hkki`}ghkp fi}siik phei eiefivp+ Pgegjnvjw* PKN `nk jh`n}i tivgtlivnj gkmgqgmynjp gk }li`heeykg}w slh lnqi lgcl i|tivgikì nkm i|tiv}gpi fy} nvi vijn}gqijw gphjn}im nkm likì yknfji }hayjagj }ligv th}ik}gnj+ Pti`gag` gk}ivqik}ghkp }ln} `hetnkgip `nk ypi gk`jymi viqgpgkc }li ahvenj vhjipha ìv}ngk @hT eiefivp* ypgkc iji`}vhkg` tvhagjgkc pwp}iep }h `heeykg`n}i eiefiv i|tiv}gpiehvi fvhnmjw* nkm }vnkpaivvgkc hv vh}n}gkc pti`gag` i|tiv}p }h tnv}g`yjnv cihcvntlg`nj nvinp+ Thp}gk}ivqik}ghk eiefiv pyvqiwp* ncngk gk}ivtvi}im }lvhycl PKN* `nk }lik ~ynk}gaw }li bkhsjimci%}vnkpaiv getvhqieik}p nkm }lyp qnjgmn}i }li gk}ivqik}ghkp+

Nkh}liv mgeikpghk ha enkncieik} `hk}vhj gp }li n}}iet} }h einpyvi }li tivahvenkì hagk}ik}ghknjjw jnyk`lim @hTp+ Qnvghyp gkmg`n}hvp lnqi fiik }vgim* gk`jymgkc jiqijp ha @hT n`}gqg}w*miqijhteik} ha kis tvhmy`}p nkm tvhìppip* bkhsjimci plnvgkc filnqghyvp* eippncip thp}im gkmgp`yppghk fhnvmp* i}`+ N vijn}im `hkìvk lnp fiik }h einpyvi }li fikiag}p ha @hT n`}gqg}w }h }lijnyk`lgkc hvcnkgzn}ghk ,Jippiv nkm P}hv`b 644>2 Ahk}ngki nkm Egjjik 644='+

Eiiysipik nkm Fivikmp ,6443' tvhqgmi n `npi p}ymw ha ahyv gk}ik}ghknjjw jnyk`lim @hTpah`ypim hk nmqnkìm enkyan`}yvgkc }i`lkhjhcgip n} Vhjjp Vhwì+ ]li `heeykg}gip sivi ahveimfw enkncieik}%mipgckn}im i|tiv}p* nfhy} }ik gk in`l+ Njj ha }lie sik} }lvhycl n mnw jhkcshvbplht slivi }liw jinvkim nfhy} }li `lnvn`}ivgp}g`p nkm fikiag}p ha n @hT nkm n mimg`n}iman`gjg}n}hv snp nppgckim }h in`l+ Nk gethv}nk} `nqin} gp }ln} }li @hTp sivi kh} njj jnyk`limpgeyj}nkihypjw? n} }li }gei ha }li iqnjyn}ghk }li whykcip} snp n ehk}l hjm nkm }li hjmip} ,nkmehp} py`ìppayj' hqiv }lvii ehk}lp hjm+ ]li `hetnkw iqnjyn}im }li tivahvenkì ha }li @hTpypgkc eiefiv pyvqiwp sg}l p`njip ahv einpyvgkc @hT n`}gqg}gip py`l np gk}ivknj nkm i|}ivknjbkhsjimci plnvgkc* `hk}vgfy}ghkp }h }li hkjgki fyjji}gk fhnvm* nkm eii}gkc avi~yik`w+ H}livp`njip einpyvim hy}`heip* py`l np kyefiv ha tvhmy`}p* tvhìmyvip nkm tvhìppip nmht}im* }ln}sivi hvgcgknjjw eik}ghkim gk }li @hT+ ]li p}ymw ahykm }ln} gk}ik}ghknjjw mipgckim @hTp gkmiimficnk }h ayk`}ghk np py`l* nkm tvhqgmim phei fikiag}p }h g}p eiefivp+ Lhsiqiv* }li vipyj}p sivi


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ykiqik n`vhpp }li ahyv @hTp2 gk tnv}g`yjnv* kh `hvvijn}ghk snp ahykm fi}siik }li jiqij ha @hTn`}gqg}w nkm }li hy}`hei qnvgnfjip+ Ehvihqiv* }li p}ymw ahykm }ln} }li p}vy`}yvnj ijieik}p ha@hTp ,}li Sikciv mynjg}gip ha tnv}g`gtn}ghk(vigag`n}ghk* gmik}gag`n}ghk(kich}gnfgjg}w* jh`nj(cjhfnjnkm mipgckim(ieivcik}' }nbi }gei }h miqijht nkm }h fi`hei fnjnkìm+ N jgeg}n}ghk ha }li p}ymwgp jn`b ha gkahven}ghk nfhy} cvhykm vyjip* mijgqivnfjip* hv }li }gei eiefivp sivi njjhsim }h`heeg} }h }li @hT+ Likì* iqik }lhycl }li p}ymw gp cvhykmim ythk Sikcivp ,>777742 Fvhsk nkm Mycygm >77>* 6444n2 Fvhsk nkm Cviw >7792Tvhbip`l >7732 Psnk i} nj >7772 Sikciv 6444f2 Jippiv nkm Iqivip} 644>2 Ahk}ngki nkm Egjjik644='+ Gkmiim* }li p}ymgip fw Nknkm i} nj ,6443'* Eiiysipik nkm Fivikmp ,6443' nkm P`likbijnkm ]igcjnkm ,644' miagkg}ghk ha @hTp npcvhytp thppippgkc `heehk bkhsjimci(tvn`}gìp* plnvim gmik}g}w nkm `heehk shvb%vijn}imqnjyip* slg`l vipyj}p gk lgp gmik}gawgkc @hTp sg}l jh`nj fypgkipp ykg}p nkm(hv fypgkipp ayk`}ghkp+]li p}ymw ahykm @hTp }ln} p}vhkcjw pytthv}im }li gkkhqn}ghk tvhoi`}* pti`gag`njjw }lhpi }ln} lnmn p}vhkc G] gmik}g}w slg`l qnjyim gkahven}ghk pwp}iep+ H}liv @hTp lgkmivim }li gkkhqn}ghkfi`nypi }liw qnjyim }ligv jh`nj ny}hkhew* sivi vipgp}nk} }h enkncieik}p ìk}vnjgpgkc ncikmn*nkm sivi vijy`}nk} }h plnvi bkhsjimci sg}l h}liv ykg}p+ ]lipi vipyj}p nvi `hkcvyik} sg}lSikcivp ,6444f' qgisp hk fhykmnvgip nkm gmik}g}gip* fy} nvi jgeg}im fw }li `hkmikpim


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miagkg}ghk ha @hT nkm }li p}ymwp cikivnjgpim `lnvn`}ivgzn}ghk ha in`l ha }li `hetnkwp fypgkippykg}p nkm ayk`}ghkp np @hTp+

Sikciv ,6444f' nvcyip @hT fhykmnvgip mipivqi pti`gnj n}}ik}ghk fi`nypi }liw `hkki`} mgaaivik}@hTp nkm fi`nypi }liw haaiv mgp}gk`} jinvkgkc htthv}ykg}gip+ Vnmg`nj gkpgcl}p ha}ik nvgpi n} }ligk}ivpi`}ghk ha eyj}gtji tvn`}gìp+ Wi} }li tvhìpp gp kh} sg}lhy} }ikpghk nkm `hkajg`}+

Vipinv`livp lnqi `lvhkg`jim gkp}nkìp ha py`ìppayj gkkhqn}ghk n} }li fhykmnvgip ha mgaaivik}@hTp* fy} njph gkp}nkìp slivi py`l fhykmnvgip lnqi vi}nvmim }li ptvinm ha gkkhqn}ghkp+ Gk}njbgkc nfhy} ehqgkc bkhsjimci n`vhpp @hTp hv KhTp* Mycygm ,6449' gk}vhmyìp n ypiayjmgp}gk`}ghk fw }njbgkc nfhy} }li itgp}ieg` nkm i}lg`nj ik}ngjeik}p ha tvn`}gì? }li ahveiv viaivp }h}li `lnjjikci ha }vnkpjn}gkc bkhsjimci lijm sg}lgk hki tvn`}gì gk}h n mgaaivik} hki2 }li jn}}ivviaivp }h }li thjg}g`nj fnvvgivp }ln} enw enbi i|thv}gkc py`l bkhsjimci ,hv iqik gethv}gkc g}'ykn`ìt}nfji }h hki ha }li `heeykg}gip+

Gk an`}* fhykmnvgip ,pti`gag`njjw fhykmnvw ptnkkgkc' lnqi viìk}jw fi`hei nk gethv}nk} }htg` gk}ligv hsk vgcl}* }h }li thgk} }ln} }li @hTp }ln} cikivn}i }lie nvi p`nvìjw i|negkim ,i+c+ @nvjgji644=2 Psnk i} nj 6443'+ Ehvihqiv* phei mnkciv ha `hkìt}ynj `hkaypghk nvgpip avhe }li an`} }ln}pgkì fhykmnvgip nvi `vin}im fw mgaaivik} tvn`}gìp* }liw nvi `vin}im kh} hkjw gk @hTp* fy} njph gkjnvciv ki}shvbp* py`l np tvhaippghkp* h``ytn}ghknj `heeykg}gip nkm Ki}shvbp ha Tvn`}gì,Fvhsk nkm Mycygm 644>'+

]li p}ymw fw Fi`lbw ,6440' gjjyegkn}ip fhykmnvw tvhìppip fw tvhqgmgkc n mi}ngjimi}lkhcvntlg` nknjwpgp ha }li gk}ivn`}ghkp fi}siik mgaaivik} @hTp n} n pieg`hkmy`}hv i~ygteik}enkyan`}yvgkc `hetnkw+ ]li enkyan`}yvgkc tvhìpp gk`jymim }lvii tlnpip nppgckim }h }lviilgcljw mgp}gk`} @hTp+ Gk }li mipgck tlnpi* }inep ha mipgck ikcgkiivp miqijhtim }li ikcgkiivgkcmvnsgkcp ha kis tvhmy`}p+ ]lipi shyjm fi }yvkim hqiv }h }li }i`lkg`gnkp ha }li tvh}h}wtgkctlnpi* slhpi ohf snp }h qivgaw nkm `hvvi`} }li mvnsgkcp fw fygjmgkc n tlwpg`nj tvh}h}wti ha }lien`lgki+ Na}iv piqivnj tvh}h}wtip lnm fiik fygj}* nkm }i`lkg`gnkp nkm ikcgkiivp lnm ncviim hk nagknj pi} ha mvnsgkcp* }li nppiefjivp ha }li nppiefjw tlnpi sivi fvhycl} gk }h jinvk avhe }li}i`lkg`gnkp nkm }li tvh}h}wtip lhs }h fygjm n agkgplim tvhmy`}+ ]lipi }lvii @hTp lnm mgaaivik}tvn`}gìp* jnkcyncip* vitiv}hgvip nkm tivpti`}gqip* fy} kiimim }h `hhvmgkn}i nkm shvb }hci}liv*ipti`gnjjw myvgkc tvhmy`} lnkmhaap+ ]li p}ymw ypip }li }ive mi`hk}i|}ynjgzn}ghk }h mip`vgfi }liegpykmivp}nkmgkcp nkm `heeykg`n}ghk mgaag`yj}gip fi}siik }li }lvii @hTp+ G} h``yvvim sliktihtji avhe mgaaivik} @hTp ei} }h mgp`ypp n tvhfjie fvgkcgkc mgaaivik} ykmivp}nkmgkcp ha }lipnei tvhfjie+ ]li egpykmivp}nkmgkcp sivi viphjqim }lvhycl n tvhìpp kneim }vnkpahven}ghk,fhvvhsim avhe @nvjgji 644=' slg`l h``yvvim slik eiefivp ha hki @hT `nei }h ykmivp}nkmlhs bkhsjimci avhe nkh}liv @hT ag} sg}lgk }li `hk}i|} ha }ligv hsk shvb* }lyp ikvg`lgkc nkmnj}ivgkc sln} }liw bkis ,Sikciv 6444f'+ G} snp kh} oyp} }li gk}vhmy`}ghk ha kis bkhsjimci* fy}}li tjn`gkc ha g} sg}lgk }ligv hsk jh`yp ha tvn`}gì }ln} njjhsim }li tvn`}g}ghkivp }h pii }li shvjmgk n kis jgcl}+

@nvjgji ,644=' ykmiv}nbip n pgegjnv i}lkhcvntlg` p}ymw ha i|`lnkcip fi}siik mgaaivik} ayk`}ghknjcvhytp gkqhjqim gk kis tvhmy`} miqijhteik} n} n `nv enkyan`}yviv+ ]li `hk}vgfy}ghk ha }lgpp}ymw gp n `jnppgag`n}ghk ha fhykmnvgip fi}siik @hTp gk}h }lvii tvhcvippgqijw ehvi `hetji|}wtip? pwk}n`}g` hv gkahven}ghk%tvhìppgkc fhykmnvgip* pienk}g` hv gk}ivtvi}gqi fhykmnvgip nkmtvncen}g` hv thjg}g`nj fhykmnvgip+ Ayv}livehvi* }li p}ymw mip`vgfip }lvii tvhìppip ahv ehqgkcbkhsjimci n`vhpp in`l }wti ha fhykmnvw? }vnkpaiv* }vnkpjn}ghk nkm }vnkpahven}ghk+


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69

Psnk i} nj ,6443' nttjw }lgp avneishvb }h i|tjngk }li vhji tjnwim fw hfoi`}p gk i|`lnkcgkcbkhsjimci n`vhpp fhykmnvgip gk n jhkcg}ymgknj p}ymw ha }ik gkkhqn}ghkp gk }li YBp Kn}ghknjLinj}l Pivqgì+ In`l ha @nvjgjip fhykmnvgip snp ptnkkim fw nk hfoi`} sg}l mgaaivik} itgp}ieg`n}}vgfy}ip+ ]li pwk}n`}g` fhykmnvw snp ptnkkim fw miqijhtgkc n `heehk tvhoi`} mn}nfnpi }hpivqi }li mgaaivik} tvhaippghknj cvhytp gkqhjqim+ ]li pienk}g` fhykmnvw vi~ygvim kh} oyp} ntlwpg`nj hfoi`} fy} }li `hjjnfhvn}gqi miqijhteik} fw tnv}g`gtn}gkc cvhytp ha mn}n `hjji`}ghk

gkp}vyeik}p* py`l np n tn}gik} ~yip}ghkkngvi* gk hvmiv }ln} }liw egcl} njgck }ligv mgaaivik}gk}ivtvi}n}ghkp gk n `hk`vi}i gkp}vyeik}+ ]li tvncen}g` fhykmnvw gp }li ehp} `hetji| fi`nypi}li gkqhjqim n`}hvp lnqi mgaaivik} qip}im gk}ivip}p nkm gkìk}gqip slg`l enbi }lie yksgjjgkc }h`lnkci }ligv tvn`}gì nkm slg`l eyp} fi vi`hk`gjim gk hvmiv }h py`ìppayjjw ptnk }li fhykmnvw+]lgp snp n``hetjgplim fw }sh eiefivp ha }li tvhoi`} slh tvitnvim nkm mijgqivim ntvipik}n}ghk hk }li fikiag}p ha }li vipinv`l* njhkc sg}l nk gkahven}ghk tn`b* }h in`l ha }livi`vyg}gkc ìk}ivp nkm `jgkg`gnk cvhytp slhpi `heeg}eik} snp ippik}gnj }h }li tvhoi`}+

Gk n p}ymw ehvi mgvi`}jw hqiv}jw `hkìvkim sg}l @hTp* Aivjgi i} nj ,6449' tvhqgmi nk gk}ivqgis%fnpim jhkcg}ymgknj nknjwpgp ha }li ptvinm ha igcl} gkkhqn}ghkp gk }li YB linj}l pwp}ie+ Lnja ha}li gkkhqn}ghkp lnm p}vhkc p`gik}gag` iqgmikì pytthv}gkc }ligv eimg`nj qnjyi* slgji }li h}livlnja lnm ehvi `hk}ip}nfji iqgmikì+ Ehvihqiv* lnja ha }li gkkhqn}ghkp gkqhjqim oyp} hki ah`njp}nbilhjmiv* figkc vijn}gqijw inpw }h getjieik}* slgji }li h}liv lnja gkqhjqim eyj}gtjip}nbilhjmivp nkm cvin}iv mgaag`yj}w }h n`lgiqi `hkpikpyp+ Vipyj}p plhsim yki|ti`}imjw pjhsptvinm ha gkkhqn}ghkp sg}l p}vhkc p`gik}gag` pytthv}* hki ha }lie ptvinm sgmijw* }sh lnm pheiptvinm nkm hki p}nwim n} }li tgjh} p}nci+ Gkkhqn}ghkp gkqhjqgkc hki p}nbilhjmiv ptvinm ehvisgmijw }lnk }lhpi gkqhjqgkc eyj}gtji p}nbilhjmivp* fy} kh} hqivslijegkcjw ph+ Gk gk}ivtvi}gkc}ligv vipyj}p* }li ny}lhvp }lihvgzi }ln} }li ptvinm ha gkkhqn}ghkp snp vi}nvmim fw ph`gnj nkmitgp}ieg` fhykmnvgip fi}siik ykgtvhaippghknj `heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì ha }li qnvghyp linj}l `nvitvhaippghknjp gkqhjqim gk }li pwp}ie+ ]liw vithv} }lvii `lnvn`}ivgp}g`p ha }lipi cvhytp slg`lmgaaivik}gn}im }lie avhe Sikcivp ,>77


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61

Gmik}g}w `hkp}vy`}ghk

Fh}l Jnqi nkm Sikciv ,>77>' nkm Sikciv ,>77


27/48

63

n``hetnkgim pikghv `hkpyj}nk}p }h shvb eii}gkcp sg}l `jgik}p slivi }liw `hyjm pgjik}jw hfpivqigk}ivn`}ghkp ha }ligv hjmiv `hjjincyip sg}l `jgik}p+ N} hki thgk}* }li }sh oykghv `hkpyj}nk}p sivinppgckim }h tjnw n ey`l ehvi n`}gqi vhji n} }li pg}i ha n mgaaivik} nkm vijn}gqijw egkhv `jgik}*slivi }ligv i|gp}ik}gnj `hkagmik`i gk figkc chhm `hkpyj}nk}p gk`vinpim plnvtjw+ Nttvik}g`ip}lyp jinvkim sln} g} eink} }h }lgkb jgbi nkm }h filnqi jgbi n `hkpyj}nk} avhe `nviayjjwhv`lip}vn}im htthv}ykg}gip ahv jicg}gen}i tnv}g`gtn}ghk nkm }livifw miqijhtim }ligv tvhaippghknj

gmik}g}gip np `hkpyj}nk}p* nkm }lvhycl mgaaivik} tvhoi`} nppgckeik}p nkm gk}ivn`}ghk sg}l pikghv`hjjincyip fi`nei `hkp`ghyp ha thppgfji `nviiv tn}lp* g+i+ }li tvhthpnj ha nk gmik}g}w ,Sikciv>77


28/48

64) nvi tn}gik}p slhpi `hkmg}ghk yki|ti`}imjw mi}ivghvn}ip* mienkmgkc geeimgn}igetvhqgpn}ghknj gk}ivqik}ghk+ ]li ny}lhvp jnfijjim }lipi mgnjhcg` `hhvmgkn}ghk tvn`}gìp2 }liwgkqhjqi n pyptikpghk ha mgp`gtjgknvw fhykmnvgip* n tvhìpp ha ohgk} pikpi enbgkc fi}siiktnv}g`gtnk}p* mvnsgkc gk nmmg}ghknj i|tiv}p* oymg`ghyp fvinbgkc ha tvh}h`hjp* nkm mijgfivn}ifhykmnvw%`vhppgkc gk}ivqik}ghkp gk }li knei ha tn}gik} pnai}w+

Qgv}ynj @hTp

Kh viqgis ha @hT jg}ivn}yvi `nk angj }h eik}ghk }li `yvvik} thtyjnvg}w ha }li }htg` ha qgv}ynj hvGk}ivki}%fnpim @hTp+ ]li gk`vinpi gk }li kyefiv ha py`l p}ymgip gp tnv}jw i|tjngkim fw }livijik}jipp tnì ha }i`lkhjhcg`nj gkkhqn}ghk ,i+c+ fjhcp* sgbgp* nkm ph`gnj ki}shvbgkc pg}ip nvi njjviìk} miqijhteik}p'* nkm p}vhkc gk}ivip} nehkc BE tvn`}g}ghkivp slh qgis @hT miqijhteik}np n biw haaivgkc gk }ligv thv}ahjghp+ Shvbplhtp hk jnyk`lgkc nkm pytthv}gkc qgv}ynj @hTp nvi np}ntji ha tvhaippghknj BE `hkaivikìp+

]sh gethv}nk} `jnvgag`n}ghkp plhyjm fi enmi sg}l vipti`} }h }li qgv}ynj @hT jg}ivn}yvi+ Agvp} gp }lian`} }ln} enkw p}ymgip jnfij np qgv}ynj @hTp sln} nvi vinjjw qgv}ynj }inep hv shvbcvhytp`hkqikim hk n }iethvnvw fnpgp }h n``hetjgpl pti`gag` tvhoi`}p ,i+c+ Onvqiktnn nkm Jigmkiv >7772Vhcivp 64442 Mnqikthv} 644='+ ]li `hetyjphvw `lnvn`}iv* tvhaippghknj hv n`nmieg`* ha py`ltvhoi`}p jinmp }h getvippgqi hkjgki `hjjnfhvn}ghk* fy} ahv n jgeg}im }gei+ ]li mgpfnkmeik} ha }li}ine n} }li ikm ha }li tvhoi`} `jinvjw mgp}gkcygplip }lie avhe @hTp slg`l nvi ypynjjw`lnvn`}ivgzim np ieivcik} tivpgp}ik} `heeykg}gip ,Fnvnf i} nj 6440'+

]li pi`hkm nkm ehvi pivghyp tvhfjie* oyp} np gk }li `h%jh`n}im @hT jg}ivn}yvi* gp }ln} n jnvcienohvg}w ha tyfjgplim p}ymgip lnqi vijgim hk n `hkmikpim miagkg}ghk ha @hT* }ln} ig}liv jn`bp nahvenj ehmij* hv pgmip}itp Sikcivp ,>777777


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67

mgaaivikì ha gk}ivtvi}n}ghk* vithv}im iqgmikì ha Sikciv#p }lvii `hkp}g}y}gqi mgeikpghkp gppyaag`gik} }h pytthv} }li ny}lhvp# `lnvn`}ivgzn}ghk ha }li `heeykg}w np n py`ìppayj qgv}ynj @hT

_lnkc nkm Sn}}p ,6447777>' hv `hjjicgnj hvgik}im ,Fvhsk nkm Mycygm >77>2 Sikciv>77


30/48

04

njp ,6449' `hk`it} ha p}vn}gagim jicg}gen`w+ Slivi Jnqi nkm Sikciv ,>77>' tnw jg}}ji n}}ik}ghk}h }li jinvkgkc ha ip}nfjgplim eiefivp* Ankc nkm Kiyaijm ,6447' ty} }li cvin}ip} ietlnpgp hk}li pg}yn}im jinvkgkc n`lgiqim fw i|tiv} nkm gkqhjqim `hvi eiefivp+ Gk }lgp }liw viqinj n qivwmgaaivik} gk}ivtvi}n}ghk ha JTT }lnk Jnqi nkm Sikciv ,>77>'* nkm jinqi }lgp viqgis sg}l }ligetvippghk }ln} Sikcivp ,>7777>2 Fvhsk nkm Mycygm >77>2 Sikciv >77


31/48

0>

`lnkci gk fypgkipp hvcnkgzn}ghkp ,i+c+ vip}vy`}yvgkcp* mhskpgzgkcp nkm hy}phyv`gkc' }lvin}ikp }hmgpvyt} }li pyp}ngkim ikcncieik} @hTp kiim }h miqijht nkm ikmyvi+

Lyclip ,6443' thgk}p hy} }ln} Jnqi nkm Sikciv ,>77>' nvi pheisln} i~ygqh`nj hk sli}liv }ligv}lihvw ha jinvkgkc ieivcip avhe }ligv ietgvg`nj vipinv`l* hv gp tvhoi`}im hk}h `hk`vi}i `npip hanttvik}gìplgt+ Gk iaai`}* }li `vg}g~yi ~yip}ghkp sli}liv }li }lihvw `nk fi pngm }h ptinb fiwhkm

}li `npip i|negkim ,6443? 07'+ ]lgp njph }vnkpjn}ip gk}h nk nefgcyg}w sg}l vipti`} }h }li p}n}ypnkm tyvthpi ha Jnqi nkm Sikcivp ehmij2 sli}liv g} gp n mip`vgt}gqi }lihvw ha jinvkgkc hv ntvip`vgt}gqi ehmij ha jinvkgkc+ ]li ny}lhv pyccip}p }ln} g} gp }li pi`hkm qivpghk* }li gminjehmij ha lhs jinvkgkc plhyjm fi }ln} lnp fiik incivjw nmht}im fw `hkpyj}nk}p nkm lyenkviphyvì miqijhteik} tvn`}g}ghkivp* gk }yvk jinmgkc }h kyeivhyp }vnkpjn}ghkp ha }li `hkìt}* nkmnk gk`vinpgkc mgqivcikì avhe }li hvgcgknj }lihvw+

Negk nkm Vhfiv}p ,6447777>'vinjgp} hk}hjhcw gp vioi`}im gk anqhyv ha thp}ehmivk `hkp}vy`}gqgp} nppyet}ghkp* }livifw tvhthpgkc nkhqij snw ha jhhbgkc n} @hTp ,6441? >4


32/48

06

pyfoi`} }ln} pheilhs tviìmip }li n`}ghk nkm lnp hk}hjhcg`nj tvgen`w hqiv g}2 vn}liv* g}

gp }li tvhìpp ha mhgkc* }li `hyvpi ha n`}ghk* slg`l nccvicn}ip nk gk`gtgik} `heeykg}w gk

n tvhìpp ha vi`gtvh`nj miagkg}ghk+

Clivnvmgp }lihvi}g`nj%ei}lhmhjhcg`nj avneishvb hk bkhsgkc%gk%tvn`}gì gp tvhthpim np n }lgvmsnw fi}siik n eik}njgp}g` qgpghk ha bkhsjimci gk hvcnkgzn}ghkp* gmik}gagim sg}l }li mgp`hyvpi ha

hvcnkgzn}ghknj jinvkgkc* nkm n `heehmgag`n}ghk nkm vigag`n}ghk ha bkhsjimci* gmik}gagim sg}l }limgp`hyvpi ha bkhsjimci enkncieik}+ ]li nptgvn}ghk }h nqhgm }lipi }sh mgp`hyvpip }lvhycl nvijgnkì hk }li `hkìt} ha tvn`}gì lnp vipyj}im gk n kis nkm cvhsgkc agijm `njjim Tvn`}gì%FnpimP}ymgip* slivi }li ny}lhv lnp ieivcim np n jinmgkc agcyvi ,i+c+ Clivnvmg 6447n* 6447f'+

Lnvnp ,6447' ehkhcvntl gp n ayjj%jikc}l i}lkhcvntlw ha n tyfjg` miaikmivp `hyk}w haagì slivin}}hvkiwp lnqi miqijhtim n p}vhkc @hT }h plnvi gkahven}ghk* tvhqgmi ieh}ghknj pytthv}* nkmjinvk avhe in`l h}liv+ ]li fhhb tvhthpip n pti`gag` miagkg}ghk ha @hTp np `hjjnfhvn}gqi*gkahvenj ki}shvbp }ln} pytthv} tvhaippghknj tvn`}g}ghkivp gk }ligv iaahv}p }h miqijht plnvimykmivp}nkmgkcp nkm ikcnci gk shvb%vijiqnk} bkhsjimci fygjmgkc ,6447? 0'+ Gk nmmg}ghk* }liny}lhv tvhthpip n khqij }lihvi}g`nj avneishvb ahv @hTp `hetvgpim ha pg| mgp}gk`} n}}vgfy}ip?

>' N cvhyt ha tvhaippghknj tvn`}g}ghkivp6' Miqijhteik} ha n plnvim einkgkc0' Gkahvenj ph`gnj ki}shvbp=' N pytthv}gqi `yj}yvi }vyp}9' Ikcncieik} gk bkhsjimci fygjmgkc1' Eiefivp kich}gn}ghk nkm miqijhteik} ha tvhaippghknj gmik}g}gip

]lyp* nj}lhycl kh} np ayjjw miqijhtim np Clivnvmgp ,6441' }lihvw* Lnvn enbip n sij`hei`hk}vgfy}ghk }h }li agijm fw tvhthpgkc nk nj}ivkn}gqi }h Sikcivp avneishvb }ln} gp cvhykmim hkn ayjj%jikc}l hvcnkgzn}ghknj i}lkhcvntlw+ Ehvi py`l p}ymgip nvi yvcik}jw kiimim+


33/48

00

3+ Mi}i`}im }vikmp nkm `hk`jypghkp

]lgp viqgis ha }li agvp} }sh mi`nmip ha @hT jg}ivn}yvi lnp ahykm fh}l `nypi ahv `hkìvk nkmlhtiayj miqijhteik}p+ ]lgp pi`}ghk pyeenvgzip mi}i`}im }vikmp* nkm `hk`jymip sg}l nkht}gegp}g` ahvi`np}+

Egpypi ha }li @hT `hkìt}

Np mip`vgfim gk pi`}ghkp }lvii nkm ahyv* }li jg}ivn}yvi viqinjp n jnvci kyefiv ha p}ymgip }ln} vijwhk `hkmikpim hv nfvgmcim miagkg}ghkp* jn`b n }lihvw%cvhykmim ehmij* hv egp}nbi @hTp sg}l h}livph`gnj p}vy`}yvip }ln} pheilhs ain}yvi bkhsjimci plnvgkc* py`l np h``ytn}ghknj `heeykg}gip*tvhaippghknj npph`gn}ghkp* itgp}ieg` `yj}yvip* hv ki}shvbp ha tvn`}gì+ Nj}lhycl jipp ha}ik* }li`hkaypghk njph chip }li h}liv snw* np phei i|ietjnvw p}ymgip ypgkc }li jn}iv `hkìt}p nvi `jinvjwnfhy} @hTp gk }li p}vg`}ip} pikpi ,i+c+ Hvv >7742 Fi`lbw 6440'+

Ayv}liv `hkaypghk lnp fiik gk}vhmyìm gk}h }li jg}ivn}yvi fw n kyefiv ha `heti}gkc mipgckn}ghkpahv ippik}gnjjw }li pnei ph`gnj tlikheikhk hv phei npti`} ha g}* gk`jymgkc `heeykg}gip habkhsgkc ,Fhjnkm nkm ]ikbnpg >779'* p}vn}icg` `heeykg}gip ,P}hvb nkm Lgjj 6444'* bkhsjimciki}shvbp ,F`lij nkm Vnyf 6446'* `heeykg}gip ha `htgkc ,Bhv`zwkpbg 6440'* nkm bkhsjimci`heeykg}gip ,Fnvvi} i} nj 644='+

Gk}ivtvi}n}ghkp nkm nmnt}n}ghkp ha }li @hT `hkìt}

]li viqgis ik`hyk}ivim kyeivhyp p}ymgip }ln} `npynjjw nttjgim }li @hT jnfij }h n jinvkgkc cvhytsg}lhy} n ahvenj nppippeik} ha }li }vng}p miagkim fw i|gp}gkc }lihvi}g`nj avneishvbp ,Jnqi nkmSikciv >77>2 Fvhsk nkm Mycygm >77>2 Sikciv >77


34/48

0=

ikm yt ptinbgkc tnp} in`l h}liv ,Mycygm 6447777


35/48

09

khs fi vi`jnppgagim ykmiv }li kis `hkìt}* }livifw i|}vn`}gkc avhe }li jg}ivn}yvi hki enohvphyvì ha `hkaypghk+

Ehvi fvhnmjw* }livi gp n knpìk} `jnvgawgkc }vikm `hetvgpim fw ny}lhvp slh lnqi ypim }li @hT`hkìt} np n thgk} ha mitnv}yvi }h fygjm fvhnmiv }wthjhcgip ha pg}yn}im jinvkgkc hv pg}yn}im tvn`}gì}lihvgip+ ]lipi gk`jymi Jgkmbqgp}p ,6449' }wthjhcw ha bkhsjimci shvb gk cvhytp* Clivnvmgp ,6441'

}lihvi}g`nj avneishvb ha bkhsgkc gk tvn`}gì* nkm Negk nkm Vhfiv}p ,64477< avneishvb* py`l npTvn`}gì* Einkgkc* @heeykg}w nkm Gmik}g}w ,Lnvn nkm Lis 6443'* hv Tnv}g`gtn}ghk* Gmik}g}w nkmTvn`}gì ,Lnkmjiw i} nj 6443'+ Njj }lipi ny}lhvp mgptjnw n kis sgjjgkckipp }h ikcnci sg}l sln}ehp} n`bkhsjimci np }li ehp} mi}ngjim nkm `hlivik} @hT avneishvb* nkm ypi g} }h p}ymw fh}l `h%jh`n}im nkm qgv}ynj @hTp+ ]lipi p}ymgip envb n kis tivghm ha }lihvi}g`njjw cvhykmim p}ymgip* nkmtvhqgmi phei oyp}gag`n}ghk ahv nk ht}gegp}g` hy}jhhb vicnvmgkc ay}yvi @hT vipinv`l+

@hk`jypghk? ykmgegkgplim n`nmieg` gk}ivip}

]lgp viqgis ficnk sg}l }li pyccip}ghk }ln} }li @hT `hkìt} anìp n egmjgai `vgpgp* fnpim hk }lvii}ijj}nji pgckp+ Agvp}* }li gk`vinpgkc nefgcyg}w ha }li `hkìt}* slg`l lnp vipyj}im gk sgmi mgaaypghkfy} mgjy}im g}p einkgkc+ Pi`hkm* viìk} `vg}g~yip nkm viqgisp lnqi lgcljgcl}im }li ivhpghk gk }li`hkìt}p `hlivikì nkm nknjw}g`nj thsiv ,@h| 64492 Vhfiv}p 64412 Lyclip 64432 Negk nkmVhfiv}p 64477>'* Hvv ,>774'* Fvhsk nkm Mycygm ,>77>' nkm Sikciv ,>77' ehmijha n enkncieik} anplghk+ G} gp gk }li kn}yvi ha anplghkp }h anmi nsnw* ig}liv fw fi`hegkchy}ehmim hv fw fi`hegkc engkp}vine+ Gk }li shvjm ha tvn`}g}ghkiv tyfjg`n}ghkp* g} gp }li jn}}iv`hyvpi }ln} @hTp nttinv }h fi }nbgkc+


36/48

01

Pti`gag`njjw* }li hfpivqim mi`jgki gp n pwet}he ha }li @hT `hkìt} fi`hegkc engkp}vine* nkn`ìt}im nmmg}ghk }h }li Enkncieik} qivkn`yjnv+ Phei iqgmikì ha }lgp `heip avhe }li an`} }ln}@hTp nvi `yvvik}jw cgqik n `yvphvw eik}ghk gk }li }vngkgkc `lnt}iv ha engkp}vine lyenkviphyvì enkncieik} }i|}fhhbp ,i+c+ Khi i} nj 64432 On`bphk i} nj 644


37/48


38/48

0'* =4%93+

Fvhsk* O+P+ ! Mycygm* T+ ,>771'+ Ykgqivpg}gip gk }li mgcg}nj nci+ @lnkci*66,6'* >70+

Fvhsk* O+P+ ! Cvnw* I+ P+ ,>779'+ ]li tihtji nvi }li `hetnkw+ Anp} @hetnkw* >,>'* 3%64'+ Kis Whvb? N@E Tvipp+

Fhfvhs* M+ ! Slnjik* O+ ,6446'+ @heeykg}w bkhsjimci plnvgkc gk tvn`}g`i? }li Iyvibn p}hvw+Viaji`}ghkp*=,6'* =3%97+

F`lij* F+ ! Vnyf* P+ ,6446'+ Fygjmgkc bkhsjimci%`vin}gkc qnjyi ki}shvbp+ IyvhtinkEnkncieik} Ohyvknj* 64,1'* 9


39/48

07

@lyn* N+ W+ B+ ,6441'+ ]li vgpi nkm anjj ha n `heeykg}w ha tvn`}gì? n mip`vgt}gqi `npi p}ymw+Bkhsjimci nkm Tvhìpp Enkncieik}* >0,6'* >64%>67=,0'* 6317%>3777'+ Fvgmcgkc itgp}iehjhcgip? }li cikivn}gqi mnkì fi}siikhvcnkgzn}ghknj bkhsjimci nkm hvcnkgzn}ghknj bkhsgkc+ Hvcnkgzn}ghk P`gikì* >4,='* 0%=44+

@hhb* P+ ! Wnkhs* M+ ,>770'+ @yj}yvi nkm hvcnkgzn}ghknj jinvkgkc+ Ohyvknj ha Enkncieik}Gk~ygvw* 6,='* 030%074+

@h|* N+ E+ ,6449'+ Sln} nvi `heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì8 N `hetnvn}gqi viqgis ha ahyv piegknjshvbp+Ohyvknj ha Gkahven}ghk P`gikì* 0>,1'* 963%9=4+

@h|* N+ E+ ,6443n'+ Fiwhkm gkahven}ghk? an`}hvp gk tnv}g`gtn}ghk gk ki}shvbp ha tvn`}gì* n `npip}ymw ha sif enkncieik} gk YB lgcliv imy`n}ghk+ Ohyvknj ha Mh`yeik}n}ghk* 10,9'*319%36+

@h|* N+ E+ ,644=9%>77


40/48

=4

Miptvip* @+ ! @lnyqij* M+ ,6444'+ N }lien}g` nknjwpgp ha }li }lgkbgkc gk bkhsjimcienkncieik}+ Gk @+ Miptvip ! M+ @lnyqij ,Imp+'* Bkhsjimci lhvgzhkp? }li tvipik} nkmtvhegpi ha bkhsjimci enkncieik},tt+ 99%,6'* >47%>>4'+ H|ahvm? H|ahvmYkgqivpg}w Tvipp+

Mycygm* T+ ,6441'+ Sln} ]njbgkc nfhy} en`lgkip }ijjp yp+ Hvcnkgzn}ghk P}ymgip* 63,>6'* >37=>'+ Bkhsjimci enkncieik} p}vn}icgip? }hsnvm n }n|hkhew+ Ohyvknj haEnkncieik} Gkahven}ghk Pwp}iep* >'* 6>9%600+

Anliw* V+* Qnp`hkìjhp* N+ @+ ! Ijjgp* M+ ,6443'+ ]li getn`} ha visnvmp sg}lgk `heeykg}gip hatvn`}gì? n p}ymw ha }li PNT hkjgki cjhfnj `heeykg}w+ Bkhsjimci Enkncieik} Vipinv`l! Tvn`}gì*9* >7>99%>>17+

Aivjgi* I+* Ag}zcivnjm* J+* Shhm* E+ ! Lnsbgkp* @+ ,6449'+ ]li khkptvinm ha gkkhqn}ghkp? }lieimgn}gkc vhji ha tvhaippghknjp+N`nmiew ha Enkncieik} Ohyvknj*='* >>3%>0=+

Ajiegkc* J+ ! Env|* E+ ,6441'+ Enkncgkc `vin}gqg}w gk penjj shvjmp+ @njgahvkgn Enkncieik}Viqgis* =


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=>

Clivnvmg* P+ ,6441'+ Hvcnkgzn}ghknj bkhsjimci? }li }i|}yvi ha shvbtjnì jinvkgkc+ H|ahvm?Fjn`bsijj+

Clivnvmg* P+ ,6447n'+ Gk}vhmy`}ghk }h pti`gnj gppyi? }li `vg}g`nj thsiv ha }li Tvn`}gì Jikp+Enkncieik} Jinvkgkc*=4,6'* >>9%>67>%660+

Clivnvmg* P+* Kg`hjgkg* M+ ! Hmijjn* A+ ,>771,0'* 697%619+

Cvhqiv* Q+ ! Mnqikthv}* ]+ L+ ,644>'+ Cikivnj tivpti`}gqip hk bkhsjimci enkncieik}?ahp}ivgkc n vipinv`l ncikmn+Ohyvknj ha Enkncieik} Gkahven}ghk Pwp}iep* >'* 9%6>+

Lnkmjiw* B+* @jnvb* ]+* Agk`lenk* V+ ! P}yvmw* N+ ,6443'+ Vipinv`lgkc pg}yn}im jinvkgkc?tnv}g`gtn}ghk* gmik}g}w nkm tvn`}gìp gk `jgik}%`hkpyj}nk} vijn}ghkplgtp+ Enkncieik}Jinvkgkc*0,0'* 777'+ Sln}p whyv p}vn}icw ahv enkncgkcbkhsjimci8Lnvqnvm Fypgkipp Viqgis* 33,6'* >41%>>1+

Lnvn* K+ ,6447'+ @heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì? ahp}ivgkc tiiv%}h%tiiv jinvkgkc nkm gkahvenjbkhsjimci plnvgkc gk }li shvbtjnì+ Fivjgk? Ptvgkciv%Qivjnc+

Lnvn* K+ ! P`lsik* ]+ E+ ,6441'+ @heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì gk shvbtjnìp? jinvkgkc np nkn}yvnjjw h``yvvgkc iqik}+ Tivahvenkì Getvhqieik} ^ynv}ivjw* >7,6'* 70%>>=+


42/48


43/48


44/48

==

E`Miveh}}* V+ ,>777'+ Slw gkahven}ghk }i`lkhjhcw gkptgvim fy} `nkkh} mijgqiv bkhsjimcienkncieik}+ @njgahvkgn Enkncieik} Viqgis* =>,='* >40%>>3+

E`Miveh}}* V+ ,6444'+ Bkhsgkc gk `heeykg}w? }ik `vg}g`nj py`ìpp an`}hvp gk fygjmgkc`heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì+GLVGE Ohyvknj*=,>'* >7%61+

E`Miveh}}* V+ ,6443' Fygjmgkc linj}lw `heeykg}gip+Gkpgmi Bkhsjimci*>4,7'* >=%>7+

E`Miveh}}* V+ ! Bikmvg`b* O+ ,6444'+ Lhs jinvkgkc `heeykg}gip p}isnvm bkhsjimci? Plijj Hgj@hetnkw+ Gk T+ Lnvbgkp* J+J+ @nv}iv ! N+O+ ]geegkp ,Imp+'*Fip} tvn`}gìp gk bkhsjimcienkncieik} nkm hvcnkgzn}ghknj jinvkgkc lnkmfhhb ,tt+ >7=%661'+ Ji|gkc}hk* EN?Jgkbnci Gk`hvthvn}im+

Eiiysipik* F+ ! Fivikmp* L+ ,6443'+ @vin}gkc `heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gìp }h enknci}i`lkhjhcg`nj bkhsjimci? nk iqnjyn}ghk p}ymw n} Vhjjp%Vhwì+ Iyvhtink Ohyvknj haGkkhqn}ghk Enkncieik}*>4,0'* 000%0=3+

Ehvnk* O+ ! Sigeiv* J+ ,644='+ @vin}gkc n eyj}g%`hetnkw `heeykg}w ha tvn`}gì ahv @lgiaGkahven}ghk Haagìvp+ Gk T+ Lgjmvi}l ! @+ Bgefji ,Imp+'* Bkhsjimci ki}shvbp? gkkhqn}ghk}lvhycl heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì ,tt+ >69%>06'+ Jhkmhk? Gmin Cvhyt Tyfjgplgkc+

Eyvgjjh* I+ ,6440%=(tntiv0660+

Kisijj* P+* Vhfiv}phk* E+* P`nvfvhycl* L+ ! Psnk* O+ ,6446'+ Enkncgkc bkhsjimci shvb+Lhykmegjjp* Fnpgkcp}hbi? Tnjcvnqi EÈgjjnk+

Khi* V+ N+* Lhjjikfi`b* O+ V+* Civlnv}* F+ ! Svgcl}* T+ E+ ,6443'Lyenk viphyvì enkncieik}*1i+ Kis Whvb? E`Cvns%Lgjj+

Hvv* O+ I+ ,>774'+ Plnvgkc bkhsjimci* ìjifvn}gkc gmik}g}w? `heeykg}w eiehvw gk n pivqgì`yj}yvi+ Gk V+ Egmmji}hk ! M+ Imsnvmp ,Imp+'* @hjji`}gqi vieiefivgkc? eiehvw gkph`gi}w ,tt+ >17%>%


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=9

Tnp}hhvp* B+ ,6443'+ @hkpyj}nk}p? jhqi%ln}i vijn}ghkplgtp sg}l `heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì+ ]liJinvkgkc Hvcnkgzn}ghk*>=,>'* 6>%00+

Tjnpbhaa* O+ ,6440'+ Gk}ivpyfoi`}gqg}w nkm `heeykg}w fygjmgkc? jinvkgkc }h jinvkhvcnkgzn}ghknjjw+ Gk E+ Inp}ivfw%Peg}l ! E+ N+ Jwjip ,Imp+'* ]li Fjn`bsijj lnkmfhhbha hvcnkgzn}ghknj jinvkgkc nkm bkhsjimci enkncieik} ,tt+>1>%>773'+ Ykjinplgkc }li thsiv ha jinvkgkc? nk gk}ivqgis sg}l Fvg}gplTi}vhjiye#pOhlk Fvhski+ Lnvqnvm Fypgkipp Viqgis* 39,9'* >=1%>1%11+

Vhcivp* O+ ,6444' @heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì? n avneishvb ahv ahp}ivgkc `hlivikì gk qgv}ynj jinvkgkc`heeykg}gip+Imy`n}ghknj ]i`lkhjhcw ! Ph`gi}w* 0,0'? 04'+ Knqgcn}gkc }li gk}ivn`}gqi shvbtjnì+ @lgia Jinvkgkc Haagìv* 7,9'* >+

Vh}l* N+ Q+ ,>771'+ N`lgiqgkc p}vn}icg` ncgjg}w }lvhycl i`hkhegip ha bkhsjimci+ P}vn}icw !Jinmivplgt* 6=,6'* 04%03

Pngk}%Hkci* L+ ! Snjjnì* M+ ,6440'+ Jiqivncgkc `heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì ahv p}vn}icg`nmqnk}nci+ Fhp}hk* EN? Fy}}ivshv}l%Ligkienkk+

P`nvfvhycl* L+ ,6440'+ Bkhsjimci enkncieik}* LVE nkm }li gkkhqn}ghk tvhìpp+Gk}ivkn}ghknjOhyvknj ha Enkthsiv* 6=,9'* 94>%9>1+

P`likbij* N+ ! ]igcjnkm* V+ ,64441%>>


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=1

P`ljnciv* E+* Ayp`h* O+ ! P`lnkb* T+ ,6446'+ Iqhjy}ghk ha nk hk%jgki imy`n}ghk `heeykg}w hatvn`}gì+ Gk B+ N+ Vikkgkciv ! S+ Plyenv ,Imp+'*Fygjmgkc qgv}ynj `heeykg}gip? jinvkgkcnkm `lnkci gk `wfivptnì ,tt+ >67%>97,0'* 693%634+

Pgjqn* J+* Chij* J+ ! Ehypnqgmgk* I+ ,644=,='* 01>%03>+

Ptikmiv* O+%@+ ! Cvnk}* V+ ,>771'+ Bkhsjimci nkm }li agve? hqivqgis+ P}vn}icg` Enkncieik}Ohyvknj* >3,Sgk}iv Pti`gnj Gppyi'* 9%7+

P}y`bw* P+ Y+ ! Fvhsk* O+ P+ ,>771'+ Jiqivncgkc jinvkgkc+ N`vhpp }li Fhnvm % ]li@hkaivikìFhnvm Encnzgki* 00,0'* 66%6=+

P}netp* M+ ,>773'+ @heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì? jinvkgkc gp ph`gnj* }vngkgkc gp gvvijiqnk}8 ]vngkgkc*0=,6'* 0=%=6+

P}isnv}* ]+ N+ ,>771'+ ]li gkqgpgfji biw }h py`ìpp+ Ahv}yki* >0=,0'* >30%>31+

P}isnv}* ]+ N+ ,6444'+ Bkhsjimci shv}l ->+69 fgjjghk+ Ahv}yki* >=6,>0'* 046%04=+

P}hvb* O+ ! Lgjj* T+ ,6444'+ Bkhsjimci mgaaypghk }lvhycl p}vn}icg` `heeykg}gip+ EG] PjhnkEnkncieik} Viqgis*=>,6'* 10%3=+

P}y`bw* P+ ! Fvhsk* O+ P+ ,>771'+ Jiqivncgkc jinvkgkc+ N`vhpp }li Fhnvm % ]li @hkaivikìFhnvm Encnzgki+ 00,0'* 66%6=+

Psnk* O+* Fvipkik* E+* Kisijj* P+ ! Vhfiv}phk* E+ ,6443'+ ]li hfoi`} ha bkhsjimci? }li vhji hahfoi`}p gk fgheimg`nj gkkhqn}ghk+Lyenk Vijn}ghkp*14,>6'* >777'+ Kn}ghknj mgaaivikìp gk }li mgaaypghk nkm mipgck ha}i`lkhjhcg`nj gkkhqn}ghk? }li vhji ha gk}iv%hvcnkgzn}ghknj ki}shvbp+ Fvg}gpl Ohyvknj haEnkncieik}* >4* P=9P97

Psnk* O+* Kisijj* P+* P`nvfvhycl* L+ ! Lgpjht* M+ ,>777'+ Bkhsjimci enkncieik} nkmgkkhqn}ghk? ki}shvbp nkm ki}shvbgkc+ Ohyvknj ha Bkhsjimci Enkncieik}* 0,='* 616%639+

Psnk* O+* P`nvfvhycl* L+ ! Vhfiv}phk* E+ ,6446'+ ]li `hkp}vy`}ghk ha `heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gìgk }li enkncieik} ha gkkhqn}ghk+Enkncieik} Jinvkgkc* 00,='* =33%=71+

]nfiv* K+* Tjyef* M+ ! Ohjiehvi* P+ ,644


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=3

]igcjnkm* V+ ,6440'+ Bkhsjimci ki}shvbgkc? p}vy`}yvi nkm tivahvenkì gk ki}shvbp ha tvn`}gì+P}h`blhje? P}h`blhje P`lhhj ha I`hkheg`p+ ,P}h`blhje P`lhhj ha I`hkheg`p Tl+M+mgppiv}n}ghk'

]igcjnkm* V+ ! Snpbh* E+ ,6447'+ Bkhsjimci }vnkpaiv gk EK@p? i|negkgkc lhs gk}vgkpgèh}gqn}ghkp nkm bkhsjimci phyv`gkc getn`} gkmgqgmynj ìk}vnjg}w nkm tivahvenkì+

Ohyvknj ha Gk}ivkn}ghknj Enkncieik}*>9* >9%0>+

]lhetphk* E+ ,6449'+ P}vy`}yvnj nkm itgp}ieg` tnvnei}ivp gk `heeykg}gip ha tvn`}gì+Hvcnkgzn}ghk P`gikì*>1,6'* >9>%>1=+

]lhetphk* E+ ! Snjplne* C+ ,644='+ Tjn`gkc bkhsjimci enkncieik} gk `hk}i|}+ Ohyvknj haEnkncieik} P}ymgip*=>,9'* 369%3=3+

]ncjgnqik}g* E+V+ ! En}}nvijjg* I+ ,6441'+ ]li vhji ha ki}shvbp ha tvn`}gì* qnjyi plnvgkc* nkmhtivn}ghknj tvh|geg}w gk bkhsjimci ajhsp fi}siik tvhaippghknj cvhytp+ LyenkVijn}ghkp*97,0'* 67>%0>7+

]vgì* L+ E+* ,>770'+ H``ytn}ghknj pyf`yj}yvip gk }li shvbtjnì+ G}ln`n* KW? GJV Tvipp+

]phybnp* L+ ! Qjnmgegvhy* I+ ,644>'+ Sln} gp hvcnkgzn}ghknj bkhsjimci8 Ohyvknj haEnkncieik} P}ymgip* 077%6>6+

Qnnp}* I+ ,644='+ H fvh}liv* slivi nvi }lhy8 Avhe `heeykg}gip }h ki}shvbp ha tvn`}gì }lvhyclgk}vnki} ypi+Enkncieik} @heeykg`n}ghk ^ynv}ivjw* >'* 9%==+

qnk Ennkik* O+ nkm Fnvjiw* P+V+ ,>70,>'* >0%69+

Snk* _+* Ankc* W+ ! Kiyaijm* M+ O+ ,644


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Murillo2010 (Forthcoming in Information Research, an international electronic journal)

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