1 Strengthening Communities Strengthening Communities Workshop Workshop from Policy To Practice from Policy To Practice 11 – 13 April, 2007 11 – 13 April, 2007 Hotel Explorer, Yellowknife Hotel Explorer, Yellowknife Municipal Infrastructure Asset Municipal Infrastructure Asset Management Management Saidur Rahman, Saidur Rahman, Ph.D. Ph.D. Senior Capital Planning Officer Senior Capital Planning Officer
Strengthening Communities Workshop from Policy To Practice 11 – 13 April, 2007 Hotel Explorer, Yellowknife. Municipal Infrastructure Asset Management. Saidur Rahman, Ph.D. Senior Capital Planning Officer. Society, Economy and Environment. Municipal Infrastructure. Consumption. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Understanding of infrastructure and Understanding of infrastructure and asset management asset management
Why we need to care about? Why we need to care about? BenefitsBenefits Asset management plan developmentAsset management plan development What is going on around? What is going on around? Where we are now? Where we are now? What to do next? What to do next?
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Municipal InfrastructureMunicipal Infrastructure
The Canadian Oxford Dictionary: The Canadian Oxford Dictionary: “infrastructure” as “the basic structural “infrastructure” as “the basic structural foundation of a society or enterprise; roads, foundation of a society or enterprise; roads, bridges, sewers, etc. regarded as a bridges, sewers, etc. regarded as a country's economic foundation”country's economic foundation”
City of Edmonton: “all the physical assets City of Edmonton: “all the physical assets developed and used by the City to support developed and used by the City to support the community’s social and economic the community’s social and economic activities”activities”
Community infrastructureCommunity infrastructure
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ClassificationsClassifications Linear and non-linearLinear and non-linear Surface and sub-surfaceSurface and sub-surface Tax supported, self-financing and quasi-Tax supported, self-financing and quasi-
commercial or blended commercial or blended (CWF – New Tools for New (CWF – New Tools for New Times, 2006)Times, 2006)
Community public infrastructure (CPI)Community public infrastructure (CPI) Stationary and movableStationary and movable Office buildings, fire hall, storage facilities, arena, Office buildings, fire hall, storage facilities, arena,
recreation centres, water and sewage facilities recreation centres, water and sewage facilities and solid waste disposal etc. and solid waste disposal etc.
Municipal InfrastructureMunicipal Infrastructure
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Asset ClassificationsAsset Classifications
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Why Municipal Infrastructure?Why Municipal Infrastructure?
Livable and healthy placeLivable and healthy place SafetySafety Economic prosperityEconomic prosperity Quality of lifeQuality of life
In Canada, municipal infrastructure worth In Canada, municipal infrastructure worth $1.1 trillion, approximately 20% of total built $1.1 trillion, approximately 20% of total built asset of $5.5 trillion (NRC)asset of $5.5 trillion (NRC)
Municipal assets are economic backbone Municipal assets are economic backbone and extremely high-value assets that and extremely high-value assets that cannot be allowed to deteriorate or misusecannot be allowed to deteriorate or misuse
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Municipal Infrastructure IssuesMunicipal Infrastructure Issues
Population growthPopulation growthPopulation Growth of CanadaPopulation Growth of Canada
Municipal Infrastructure IssuesMunicipal Infrastructure Issues
Municipalities are Municipalities are spending $12 - $15 spending $12 - $15 billion/year on billion/year on maintenance and rehab maintenance and rehab (FCM)(FCM)
Huge backlogHuge backlog Current funding level Current funding level
will deficit $1 trillion in will deficit $1 trillion in 60 years 60 years (CSCE 2003)(CSCE 2003)
(CSCE 2003)
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Municipal Infrastructure IssuesMunicipal Infrastructure Issues
Aging of Aging of infrastructureinfrastructure
28% of Canada’s 28% of Canada’s infrastructure is infrastructure is over 80 years old, over 80 years old, and only 41% is and only 41% is under 40 years oldunder 40 years old (CSCE 2003)(CSCE 2003)
(CSCE 2003)
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Municipal Infrastructure IssuesMunicipal Infrastructure Issues
79% useful service life of infrastructure 79% useful service life of infrastructure has been used has been used (CSCE 2003)(CSCE 2003)
Condition degradationCondition degradation
010
2030
405060
7080
90100
Con
ditio
n (%
of A
ccep
tabi
lity) Good/Acceptable Needs Repair/Not Acceptable
McGill Survey 2003 (Mirza and Haider)
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Municipal Infrastructure IssuesMunicipal Infrastructure Issues
Infrastructure gap $50 to $125 billion, 6-10 Infrastructure gap $50 to $125 billion, 6-10 times of current annual infrastructure times of current annual infrastructure budgetbudget
Deferred maintenance for ‘Big Sixes’ $564 Deferred maintenance for ‘Big Sixes’ $564 million (2003 CWF)million (2003 CWF)
First Nations will cost $475 - $560 million First Nations will cost $475 - $560 million (2003 CAN$) to address risks for water and (2003 CAN$) to address risks for water and wastewater assetswastewater assets
Estimated cost for upgrading Canadian Estimated cost for upgrading Canadian sewer infrastructure is $11.8 billion (2003)sewer infrastructure is $11.8 billion (2003)
• Total 67 municipalities of over 5000 peoplesTotal 67 municipalities of over 5000 peoples
• Questionnaire based on “Six Whats”Questionnaire based on “Six Whats”
• 70% spending less than 2% on maintenance70% spending less than 2% on maintenance
• 28% do not have system to record asset value28% do not have system to record asset value
• Assets were rated as 2.9 or “good” to “fair” Assets were rated as 2.9 or “good” to “fair” from range of 1 to 7 ratingsfrom range of 1 to 7 ratings
• 50% of the assets were at least 30 years old, in 50% of the assets were at least 30 years old, in 10 years 75% will be +30 years old10 years 75% will be +30 years old
• Represents 32% of Canadian populationRepresents 32% of Canadian population
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Infrastructure at StakeInfrastructure at Stake
Water main breaks: Avg. 700 breaks per Water main breaks: Avg. 700 breaks per day in Canada and USA ($3,000 per repair)day in Canada and USA ($3,000 per repair)
Walkerton tragedy: Walkerton tragedy: E. coli 0157:H7E. coli 0157:H7 outbreak in Walkerton. Cost $64 millionoutbreak in Walkerton. Cost $64 million
Peterborough flood in 2004Peterborough flood in 2004: Damage cost : Damage cost $20 to $40 million. Compensation $500/ $20 to $40 million. Compensation $500/ household and $2500/ small businesshousehold and $2500/ small business
Basement flooding: 30,000 to 40,000 events Basement flooding: 30,000 to 40,000 events /year, average cost $3,000 - $5,000 /events /year, average cost $3,000 - $5,000 /events (CMHC 2004)(CMHC 2004)
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We Actually NeedWe Actually Need
AccountabilityAccountability Customer (demand and service)Customer (demand and service) Staff (Fiscal responsibility, health and safety)Staff (Fiscal responsibility, health and safety) Environment (regulatory compliance)Environment (regulatory compliance)
Risk ManagementRisk Management Minimize health and safety tragedies/incidents Minimize health and safety tragedies/incidents Reduce liability claimsReduce liability claims
Asset SustainabilityAsset Sustainability Longer term (cradle to grave)Longer term (cradle to grave) Reserve fundingReserve funding
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So the Challenges are...So the Challenges are...
Infrastructure demand and population Infrastructure demand and population growthgrowth
Aging of infrastructure and condition Aging of infrastructure and condition deteriorationdeterioration
Infrastructure deficitInfrastructure deficit Service level improvementService level improvement Lack of integrated systems/tools and Lack of integrated systems/tools and
How These Challenges Can be How These Challenges Can be AddressedAddressed
Identify maintenance, rehab and renewal Identify maintenance, rehab and renewal needsneeds
Increase system’s capacity and extend Increase system’s capacity and extend service lifeservice life
Stewardship of the environmentStewardship of the environment Define levels of service (LOS)Define levels of service (LOS) Ensure financial sustainabilityEnsure financial sustainability ImplementImplement Asset Management Plan Asset Management Plan
(based on ‘Six Whats’)(based on ‘Six Whats’)
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Need for ChangeNeed for Change
Asset management needs some Asset management needs some reorganization of public agencies functionreorganization of public agencies function
Traditional design-build- operate-maintain Traditional design-build- operate-maintain approach is simply inadequate in the face of approach is simply inadequate in the face of current dilemmacurrent dilemma
Adoption of asset management principles Adoption of asset management principles and tools (IT tools and financial regulations)and tools (IT tools and financial regulations)
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Evolution of Asset ManagementEvolution of Asset Management
In early 1900’s design and durability issues, In early 1900’s design and durability issues, versatile structures versatile structures
After World War II, reliability issues and After World War II, reliability issues and maintenance for mechanical and electrical maintenance for mechanical and electrical equipmentsequipments
In 1960’s green movements, LCC and LCM In 1960’s green movements, LCC and LCM In 1970’s and 1980’s PMS, CMMS and WO In 1970’s and 1980’s PMS, CMMS and WO In 1990’s IT tools, CMMS, CMMS to AMS, In 1990’s IT tools, CMMS, CMMS to AMS,
GIS and GPS GIS and GPS 2000 ~ Integrated systems2000 ~ Integrated systems
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What do You Think?What do You Think?
Clerks/municipal employees - Clerks/municipal employees - data data recording and reporting using General recording and reporting using General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
Directors of finance – Directors of finance – strategic financial strategic financial planplan
Utility directors/supervisors - Utility directors/supervisors - maintain maintain the utilities and manage work order systemsthe utilities and manage work order systems
IT directors – IT directors – software, hardware, integrated software, hardware, integrated systems and database managementsystems and database management
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What is Asset Management?What is Asset Management?
What is your definition?What is your definition? NRC, FHWA and IIAM (Australia)NRC, FHWA and IIAM (Australia) ““Asset Management is a systematic process Asset Management is a systematic process
of planning, operating, maintaining, of planning, operating, maintaining, upgrading and replacing assets cost upgrading and replacing assets cost effectively with minimum risk and at the effectively with minimum risk and at the expected levels of service over the assets expected levels of service over the assets life cycle”life cycle”
Levels of Service is a compromise between existing and expected service levels
Another benefit is to increase the levels of service
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Simple Questions?Simple Questions?
Simple questions but…Simple questions but… Is there anything wrong?Is there anything wrong? What is wrong?What is wrong? What should we do? How do we fix it?What should we do? How do we fix it? What will the benefits be?What will the benefits be? How much will it cost and how do we pay for it?How much will it cost and how do we pay for it? How can we be more proactive?How can we be more proactive?
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Who is Doing What?Who is Doing What?
Australian InitiativesAustralian Initiatives Institute of Public Works Institute of Public Works
Engineering Australia (IPWEA)Engineering Australia (IPWEA) IIAM ManualIIAM Manual
Asset Management Quarterly Asset Management Quarterly International (AMQI)International (AMQI)
Commonwealth Industrial and Commonwealth Industrial and Scientific Research Organization Scientific Research Organization (CSIRO)(CSIRO)
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Who is Doing What?Who is Doing What?
In USAIn USA American Public Works Association (APWA) American Public Works Association (APWA) AMSA – Managing for Public Infrastructure AssetsAMSA – Managing for Public Infrastructure Assets AWWA – Publications and reportsAWWA – Publications and reports Federal Facilities Council (FFC) - Investments in Federal Federal Facilities Council (FFC) - Investments in Federal
FacilitiesFacilities FHWA FHWA
Asset Management Office: Primer on Asset management, LCCA, Asset Management Office: Primer on Asset management, LCCA, GASB and Case StudiesGASB and Case Studies
Transportation Asset Management ManualTransportation Asset Management Manual Software: LCCA, BMS and PMS etc.Software: LCCA, BMS and PMS etc.
National Association of College and University Business National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO) – Facility Condition Index (FCI) Officers (NACUBO) – Facility Condition Index (FCI)
Others: WIN, WERF and TRBOthers: WIN, WERF and TRB
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Who is Doing What?Who is Doing What? In CanadaIn Canada
National Guide (IC, FCM, NRC)National Guide (IC, FCM, NRC) <www.ifraguide.gc.ca><www.ifraguide.gc.ca>
Canada wide network of $25.7 million budgetCanada wide network of $25.7 million budget Over 56 best practices in 7 target areasOver 56 best practices in 7 target areas
Infrastructure CanadaInfrastructure Canada Knowledge - Building, Outreach and Awareness (KOA) Knowledge - Building, Outreach and Awareness (KOA)
programprogram Infrastructure Canada ProgramInfrastructure Canada Program Canada Strategic Infrastructure FundCanada Strategic Infrastructure Fund
Municipal Infrastructure Investment Planning Municipal Infrastructure Investment Planning (MIIP) – NRC(MIIP) – NRC
10 municipalities consortium10 municipalities consortium Evaluating tools and techniques for investment planningEvaluating tools and techniques for investment planning
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Who is Doing What?Who is Doing What? Transportation Association of Canada (TAC)Transportation Association of Canada (TAC)
Primer on Highway Asset Management (1999)Primer on Highway Asset Management (1999) Bridge Management Guidelines (2004)Bridge Management Guidelines (2004)
Canadian Institute of Charted Accountants Canadian Institute of Charted Accountants (CICA)(CICA)
Accounting and Reporting for Physical Assets by Accounting and Reporting for Physical Assets by Governments (1990)Governments (1990)
Accounting for Infrastructure in the Public Sector (2003)Accounting for Infrastructure in the Public Sector (2003)
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)(CMHC)
Study reports on financial planning, alternative financing Study reports on financial planning, alternative financing and municipal infrastructureand municipal infrastructure
Public Sector Accounting Board (PSAB)Public Sector Accounting Board (PSAB)
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Who is Doing What?Who is Doing What?
Municipal Infrastructure Data Standards (MIDS) Municipal Infrastructure Data Standards (MIDS) Municipal Performance Measurement Program Municipal Performance Measurement Program
(MPMP)(MPMP) Ontario Municipal CAO’s Benchmarking Initiative Ontario Municipal CAO’s Benchmarking Initiative
(OMBI) (OMBI) National Water and Wastewater Benchmarking National Water and Wastewater Benchmarking
InitiativeInitiative Municipal Infrastructure Management Systems Municipal Infrastructure Management Systems
(MIMS)(MIMS) Acts and Legislation (Federal, Provincial and Acts and Legislation (Federal, Provincial and
Territorial)Territorial)
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What Can Be Included?What Can Be Included?
What are the absolute requirements?What are the absolute requirements?
How do an existing system fit into?How do an existing system fit into?
How does Asset Management assist in How does Asset Management assist in monitoring of condition and performance?monitoring of condition and performance?
How should an Asset Management system How should an Asset Management system be implemented?be implemented?
How Asset Management is compatible with How Asset Management is compatible with business approach to managing business approach to managing infrastructure assets?infrastructure assets?
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Asset Management PlanAsset Management Plan
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Asset knowledge
Calculations
Models
Protocols
Decision-making
Step 1 to 3 – Data oriented
Step 4 to 5 – Methodology and policy issues
Step 6 – Decision-making
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Revisit the ‘Six Whats’Revisit the ‘Six Whats’
What do you own?What do you own?
What is it worth?What is it worth?
What is the condition? What is the condition?
What is the deferred maintenance?What is the deferred maintenance?
What is the remaining service life?What is the remaining service life?
What do you fix first?What do you fix first?
Calculations
Models
Protocols
Asset knowledge
Decision-making
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Revisit the ‘Six Whats’Revisit the ‘Six Whats’ What do you own?What do you own?
• Asset inventoryAsset inventory
• DatabaseDatabase Paper basedPaper based
ElectronicElectronic (relational database and spreadsheets)(relational database and spreadsheets) Integration with GIS and CMMSIntegration with GIS and CMMS
What is it worth?What is it worth?• Asset valuationAsset valuation
Book value, historical value, depreciated value, PVBook value, historical value, depreciated value, PV Current Replacement Value (CRV)Current Replacement Value (CRV) Cost modeling (direct and indirect costs, PSAB, FCA)Cost modeling (direct and indirect costs, PSAB, FCA)
• Life cycle cost/Whole life costLife cycle cost/Whole life cost
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Revisit the ‘Six Whats’Revisit the ‘Six Whats’
What is the condition?What is the condition?• Condition assessmentCondition assessment
Condition grading systems (subjective evaluation, distress based Condition grading systems (subjective evaluation, distress based matrices and hybrid systems)matrices and hybrid systems)
• Structural and functional (defects, breaks, hydraulics, Structural and functional (defects, breaks, hydraulics, blockages etc.)blockages etc.)
• Protocols (IT tools)Protocols (IT tools) PMS, BMS, WRc, NAAPI or homegrownPMS, BMS, WRc, NAAPI or homegrown
What is the deferred maintenance?What is the deferred maintenance?• Facility Condition Index (FCI)Facility Condition Index (FCI)
• Maintenance backlog and economic inflation/deflationMaintenance backlog and economic inflation/deflation
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Revisit the ‘Six Whats’Revisit the ‘Six Whats’ What is the remaining service life?What is the remaining service life?
• Service life modelingService life modeling Analytical and probabilistic methodsAnalytical and probabilistic methods Costs for alternative maintenance, repair and renewalCosts for alternative maintenance, repair and renewal
What do you fix first?What do you fix first?• PrioritizationPrioritization
Ranking: Asset by asset or group of assetsRanking: Asset by asset or group of assets Costs for alternative maintenance, repair and renewalCosts for alternative maintenance, repair and renewal
• Decision-makingDecision-making Combination of all and political agendaCombination of all and political agenda
Important considerationsImportant considerations What are the services? What are the services? What are the standards? What are the standards? What are the target levels of service?What are the target levels of service?
Levels of Service is a qualitative or Levels of Service is a qualitative or quantitative measure to describe how well quantitative measure to describe how well or poorly a service is provided by the asset or poorly a service is provided by the asset or network of assets based on the asset’s or network of assets based on the asset’s intended purpose within the capacity and intended purpose within the capacity and satisfactory performancesatisfactory performance
Asset informationAsset information StakeholdersStakeholders Condition and performanceCondition and performance Operational/maintenanceOperational/maintenance Service qualityService quality FinancialFinancial
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Key FactorsKey Factors
System performance (capacity, remaining System performance (capacity, remaining service life, condition)service life, condition)
Serviceability Impact (disruptions in daily Serviceability Impact (disruptions in daily life)life)
Risk tolerance level (health, safety and Risk tolerance level (health, safety and other direct and indirect costs)other direct and indirect costs)
Long-term impact (environmental and other Long-term impact (environmental and other intangible impacts)intangible impacts)
Operation and Maintenance cost (life cycle Operation and Maintenance cost (life cycle basis)basis)
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Establishing LOSEstablishing LOS
Review Organizational Objectives/Vision
Understand the Asset (inventory, condition and performance)
Determine Customer Expectations (demand, growth)
Identify Required Measures for Levels of Service
Assess and Quantify Risk
Test Affordability (budget planning and forecasting)
Select KPI’s and Set Target Level of Services
Policy and Implementation
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Examples of Performance Examples of Performance IndicatorsIndicators
Capital Asset Planning ToolCapital Asset Planning Tool
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Application ToolsApplication Tools
Linear Asset Prioritization ToolLinear Asset Prioritization Tool
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MACA Capital Planning ToolMACA Capital Planning Tool
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MACA Capital Planning ToolMACA Capital Planning Tool
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What Next?What Next?
Think globally and act locallyThink globally and act locally Learn from failuresLearn from failures Use best practicesUse best practices Stewardship for the infrastructureStewardship for the infrastructure Work for the sustainable communityWork for the sustainable community New Deal a ‘WIN-WIN’ situation for the NWT New Deal a ‘WIN-WIN’ situation for the NWT