Mumbai and the mmr (rajiv misra)

Mumbai

and

the Metropolitan Region

• Historically a city of 7 islands with fishing villages. Land owned by the Sultan of Gujarat, who succumbed to the Portuguese in 1534

• Portuguese presented it as dowry to the British in 1662

• The most important trading centre for the British in India

• Reclaimed land to form the urban agglomeration - Greater Mumbai

• 1863 - development of the largest Port in India for cotton trade - handles 40% of India’s total foreign trade today

• Developed as one of the biggest industrial complex on mainland Asia - textiles, chemicals etc

• Financial Capital of India

MUMBAI : BACKGROUND

Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Plan (1996 – 2011)

• First Regional Plan for the Mumbai Metropolitan Region was published in 1973

• MMRDA undertook revision of the Regional Plan taking into account the changes occurring in the population, economy and physical developments

• The existing land use survey was carried out using remote sensing techniques

• Multi-purpose Household Survey, which also included houseless and institutional population, provides valuable data on household profiles and living conditions of the people. All the spatial and attribute data were organised under a GIS

RAILWAY CORRIDORS:

• Western Railway

• Central Railway

• Harbour line

TRANSPORT and EMPLOYMENT

FORT/CBD

BANDRA-KURLA COMPLEX

NAVI

MUMBAI

EMPLOYMENT CENTRES

• Fort (formal sector employment – 55.7% in 1990 a decline from 71.8% in 1980)

• Bandra Kurla Complex

• Navi Mumbai

• Informal sector - 68% of total employment in the city

TRANSPORT: PROPOSED METRO RAIL NETWORK - MUMBAI

TRANSPORT: PROPOSED METRO RAIL NETWORK - MMR

MMRDA PROPOSA

L 2031

CAPITAL PRODUCTION/

LABOUR MARKETGLOBALISATION URBANISATION

1. ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING

2. PRESSURE FOR INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE

3. NEW MARKET DEMANDS – IMPORTS & EXPORTS

1. POPULATION INCREASE

2. PRESSURE FROM MIGRATION

3. NEW DEMANDS FOR SERVICES AND INFRASTRUCTURE

INTERNATIONAL - DEVELOPMENT FOCUS ON URBAN AREAS

NATIONAL / CENTRAL -

• ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING

• SHIFT FROM RURAL TO URBAN

STATE AND CITY -

• GLOBAL PROFESSIONALS / ELITES - HOUSING, TRANSPORT, SERVICES, LIFESTYLE

• POLITICAL / CULTURAL IDEOLOGY

POLICY ENVIRONMENT

URBAN POVERTY

From Other States -

• Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh for film industry, construction labourers

• South India for jewellery making / restaurant business

• Gujarat for stock broking / trade

• Skilled workers

International -

• Professionals

• Refugees / asylum seekers from neighbouring countries

URBANISATION AND MUMBAI

MIGRATION PATTERNS

From Hinterland - • coastal regions of Maharashtra for mechanisation of production

1996 MMRDA PLAN:

• Abolished the bulk land acquisition policy

• Recommended market capitalising land and taxation policies

The MMRDA in its Draft Regional Plan for 1996-2011 stated:

"Mumbai will have to respond to the changing circumstances to achieve its own economic recovery. Mumbai can also act as the focal point in the process of the globalisation of the Indian economy…. develop Mumbai into a finance and business node for international level of operations."

1973 PLAN

• Employment benefits and infrastructure provision reaching a larger section of society

• Bulk land acquisition policy was designed to control speculative development and offer resources for the provision of infrastructure

SHIFTING PRIORITIES

SPATIAL RESTRUCTURING

• Shift in orientation of policies -

• Move from bulk land acquisition to market capitalising land and taxation policies

• Relaxation of land zoning regulations

• Transport infrastructure - MUTP project, highways, expressways etc

• Business districts - Bandra-Kurla complex, Navi Mumbai - software park etc

• Housing projects - redevelopment of Parel - the derelict Textile mill land, slum upgrading, resettlement etc

• Lifestyles for the elites - shopping malls, recreation parks, bowling clubs etc

GLOBALISATION URBANISATION

Urban turned Global

Fundamentally Global

Urban declinedRe-emerging as Global

Urban unaffected by Global

THEMATIC TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT

• Powai• Seawoods

• Mill Lands• Resettlement

• Slums / Gaothan• Chawls

TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT ENCLAVES

Fundamentally Global

• Global professionals living in self-sufficient mixed use complex

Urban turnedGlobal

• Migrants resettled in a neighbourhood facilitated for the World Bank-MUTP project

Urban declinedRe-emerging

as Global

• Exodus of Mill workers; decline in textile manufacturing; closing down of mills in 1980’s; the derelict land is sold to developers for luxury housing and up-market entertainment complexes

Urban unaffected by Global

• The gaothans and squatter settlements have been the melting pot for every kind of migrant coming to Mumbai. They are also a base for informal sector production.

Since 2005, global effects have ordered new patterns – SEZs, Redevelopment, Special Townships etc

POWAI COMPLEX

SEAWOODS COMPLEX

MUMBAI’S ECONOMY

• International - Imports / exports, transnational networks - leather, gold, films

• National - Contribution to India’s GDP -

• 33% of income tax, 60% of custom duties, 20% of central excise duties

• City port handles 40% of foreign trade

• 20% of total employment in India’s organised industry

• Textile industry accounts for 31% of India’s looms

• Regional - 40% of State Domestic product (SDP)

• Transport networks - freight, railways, airways

• Classification by industry and services

• Manufacturing: textiles, synthetic fibre, rubber, plastics, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, fertilisers

• Banking, Insurance, Business & financial services

• New ventures - Call centres, off shore banking centers, software development for overseas companies - competing with Bangalore and Hyderabad for the IT sector

PAREL - MILL LANDS

Table 8: Sectoral Employment in Mumbai

Employed in 1980 1990 Trade, finance, services 52.1 64.3 Manufacturing sector 36.0 28.5 Others 11.9 7.2 The Island city 71.8 55.7

S o u rce : T IF R , 1 9 9 9

The inner circle for the Island City, the remainder for the rest of Greater Mumbai S o u rce : T IF R , 1 9 9 9

SECTORAL EMPLOYMENT IN MUMBAI

Informal sector accounts for 68% of employment in the city

BANDRA-KURLA COMPLEX

DHARAVI REDEVELOPMENT

MANORI GORAI UTTAN

CENTRAL PARK KHARGAR

RECREATION

INFRASTRUCTURE MUMBAI AIRPORT

NEW MUMBAI AIRPORT

REWAS PORT

MTHL

ICONS

Mumbai Metropolitan Region: Area and Population

•AREA (Sq. Km.) 468 4355

• Population (in million) 11.90 4.468 (Census 2001 )

• Villages (1991) Nil 982

• Municipal Corporations 16 (December 2001)

• Municipal Councils Nil 13 (December 2001)

• Factories in June 1997 7,153 4,267

• Factories Employment

in 1997 (in '000) 401 196

•Industrial Value Added

1996-97 (Rs. in million) 69,390 77,748

Gr. Mumbai Rest MMRIsland City + Suburban

Minimum INFORMATION provided by any Developer in Mumbai for a Project:

1 VISION STATEMENT

2 BASE MAP DRAWING (Dwg format and print)

3 GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION (GR) for Special Townships in MMR

4 MUMBAI METROPOLITAN REGION DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1996-2001

5 Notifications of MoEF (Delhi) for CRZ and EIA

6 UDPFI Guidelines – part

7 National Building Code 2005 – part

8 Area calculation of site extents for Concept Master Plan