Raj Jain The Ohio State University 11-1 Multipoint Multipoint Communication Communication over IP and ATM over IP and ATM Raj Jain Raj Jain The Ohio State University The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 Columbus, OH 43210 [email protected][email protected]http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/cis788-97/ Email questions to [email protected]
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Raj JainThe Ohio State University
11-1
MultipointMultipointCommunicationCommunication
over IP and ATMover IP and ATM
Raj JainRaj JainThe Ohio State UniversityThe Ohio State University
q Each sender in the group establishes a pt-mptconnection with all members
q Problem: VC explosion, new members should beadvertised and joined
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Multicast Server (MCS)Multicast Server (MCS)
q All hosts send to MCSMCS has a single mpt VC to all members
q MCS serializes the packets ⇒ Does not interminglecells of packets from different incoming VCs
q Problems with MCS:
q Reflected packets
q Single point of congestion
q Better for dynamic set of receivers
H1
MCS
H3H2
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VC MergeVC Merge
q Allows multipoint to point flow
q All cells of one source are switcheduntil the last cell of the packet
q Cells from other sources on the same VC wait
ATMSwitch
5 5 5
5 5 53 3 3
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SEAMSEAM
q Scalable and Efficient ATM Multipoint-to-multipointCommunication
q Uses core-based treeq At merging points, switches have to store all cells of a
packet (reassembly is not required)⇒ Packet switching (Authors call it "cut through")
q Ref: M. Grossglauser and K.K. Ramakrishnan, ATMForum/96-1142, August 1996.
A C E
B D
1 2
63
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SMARTSMART
q Shared Many-to-many ATM Reservations
q Needs only one VCC but allows usingmultiple VCCs for performance and reliability
q Limits to one transmitter at a time.Token holder (root) can transmit.
q Anyone wishing to transmit data, must request thetoken from current root and become new root.
q Ensures that there only one transmitter in the tree⇒ No cell interleaving
q Ref: E. Gauthier, et al, IEEE JSAC, April 1997
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SMART (Cont)SMART (Cont)q Data blocks delineated by RM cells
q Not scalable for very large ATMnetworks or for small interactions
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VP MulticastingVP Multicasting
q A single VP is setup connecting all nodes
q Each source is given a unique VCIwithin the VP
q Problem: Size limited
q VPs are used by carriers for other purposes
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Subchannel MulticastingSubchannel Multicasting
q Used in Washington University'sGiga Switch
q Use GFC to provide 15 subchannels for each VC(FF indicates idle subchannel)
q Each burst is preceded and followed by "Start" and"End" RM cells.
q Subchannel is allocated on the first RM cell andreleased on the last.
q Subchannel IDs are changed at every switch(just like VC IDs)
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q Allows multiplexing up to 15simultaneous packets at each switch portper VC.
q If a Start RM cell is received and no subchannel isavailable, the burst is lost.
q Jon Turner claims the loss probability is less than 10-12
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SummarySummary
q Multipoint communication is required for manyapplications and network operations
q Network and transport support
q Internet community has developed and experimentedwith many solutions for multipoint communication
q ATM solutions are being developed
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Key ReferencesKey References
q See http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/refs/mul_refs.htm for further references.
q C. Huitema, "Routing in the Internet,"Prentice-Hall, 1995
q T. Maufer and C. Semeria, "Introduction to IPMulticast Routing," March 1997,http://www.internic.net/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-mboned-intro-multicast-02.txt
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References (Cont)References (Cont)
q S. Fahmy, et al, "Protocols and OpenIssues in ATM MultipointCommunications," http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~jain/papers/mcast.htm
q C. Diot, et al, "Multipoint Communication: ASurvey of Protocols, Functions, and Mechanisms,"IEEE JSAC, April 1997, pp. 277-290.