Multimedia Systems Design
Jan 01, 2016
Definitions and terminologies
Multimedia:
It is an ideal language for communication
It is any integrated combination of text, art/images, sound, animation and video delivered by computer or other electronic or digitally manipulated means.
A Multimedia system is characterized by computer controlled, integrated production, manipulation, presentation, storage and communication of independent information, which is encoded at least through a continuous and a discrete medium.
Introduction
Definitions and terminologies
If the user has control over the multimedia presentation then it becomes a non-linear and Interactive Multimedia presentation.
Applications that involve more than conventional data types
Multimedia is a computer-based interactive communication process that incorporates text, graphics, sound, animation, and video
Hypertext:
Text which contains links to other texts/web pages or other media.
It allows a nonlinear way of navigation through the content.
Introduction
Definitions and terminologies
Hypermedia:
Media having links to other media.
All the web based applications and web sites are hypermedia based.
Introduction
ApplicationsIntroduction
• CBT and WBT
• Digital video editing and production systems
• Electronic Newspapers/Magazines
• Games
• Home shopping
• Interactive TV
• Multimedia courseware
• Video/Audio conferencing
• Video-on-demand
• Virtual reality
• Digital Libraries
• Games
• Multimedia authoring
AdvantagesIntroduction
• Increase in Retention rate
• Reduced production costs
• Ease of use and development
• Better way of communication
• Increase in cognition levels
• Can be used by a wide section of target users
• Utilizes the power of E-delivery platforms
• Convergence of computers, telecom, and TV
• Collaboration, virtual environments, and web casting
Challenges and complexityIntroduction
• For example video conferencing requires a combination of technologies, including communications, high-resolution display systems, and storage and rapid dissemination of multidimensional objects consisting of text, image, voice, audio, and full-motion video components.
• The system will have to understand and know how to interpret and combine data elements of various types and be able to present it to the user in the desired mode set by the user.
• Groupware systems( to allow a number of office workers to work together on the same information)
• High bandwidth requirements.
Some more….Introduction
• Multimedia meant a combination of text with document images
• New application areas include
Medical applications
Real-estate on-line video clips with property descriptions
multimedia help and training material
security systems for employee identification
Elements Multimedia elements
• Fascimile
• Document images
• Photographic images
• Geographic information systems maps
• Voice commands and voice synthesis
• Audio messages
• Video messages
• Full-motion stored and live video
• Holographic images
• fractals
Document imaging Multimedia applications
• The fundamental concepts of storage, compression, and decompression and display technologies used for multimedia systems were developed for document image management.
• Document imaging makes it possible to store, retrieve, and manipulate very large volumes of drawings, documents and other graphical representations of data.
• A compression efficiency of over 20:1 is considered highly desirable for document images for most office systems.
• For high-resolution images, processing of the order of 10 pixels/ns is considered adequate for monochrome still images.
Image processing and Image recognition
Multimedia applications
• Image processing involves image recognition, image enhancement, image synthesis, and image reconstruction.
• Image enhancement includes image calibration, real-time alignment, gray-scale normalization, RGB hue intensity adjustment, Color separation, Frame averaging.
• Image animation – scanned images can be displayed sequentially at controlled display speeds
• Image annotation – as a text file stored along with the image. The annotation is overlaid over the original image for display purposes.
• OCR is used for data entry by scanning typed or printed words in a form.
Image processing and Image recognition
Multimedia applications
• Handwriting recognition – ability to recognize writer-independent continuous cursive handwriting accurately in real time. Two factors are important; strokes or shapes being entered and the velocity of input or the vectoring that is taking place.
• The strokes are parsed and processed by a shape recognizer that tries to determine the geometry and topology of the strokes. It attempts to compare it to existing shapes, such as predefined characters. Then the word may be checked against a dictionary.
• Non-textual image recognition: uses facial expressions, posture, and gestures which represent important input.
Full motion digital video applications
Multimedia applications
Video conferencing
presentations
demos
Business applications
Video karaoke
Pay-per-view newspapersCD-ROM
interactive gamesInteractive TV
Games and Entertainment
On-Line reference
CD-ROM interactive training
Training and manuals
Full motion digital video applications
Multimedia applications
• Full-motion video clips should be sharable but should have only one sharable copy
• It should be possible to attach full-motion video clips to other documents such as memos, chapter text, presentations, and so on.
• Users should be able to take sections of a video clip and combine the sections with sections from other video clips to form their own new video clip
• All the normal features of a VCR metaphor, such as, rewind, FF,play and search etc should be available.
• Users should be able to search to the beginning of a specific scene, that is , the full-motion video clip should be indexed.
Full motion digital video applications
Multimedia applications• Users should be able to place their own indexing marks to locate
segments in the video clip.
• It should be possible to view the same clip on a variety of display terminal types with varying resolution capabilities without the need for storing multiple copies in different formats.
• It should be possible for users to move and resize the window displaying the video clip.
• The users should be able to adjust the contrast and brightness of the video clip and also adjust the volume of the associated sound.
• Users should be able to suppress sound or mix sound from other sources.
• When video clips are spliced, then sound components are also spliced automatically.
Electronic messaging Multimedia applications• Message store and forward facility
• Message transfer agents to route messages to their final destinations across various nodes in a multilevel network.
• Message repositories (servers) where users may store them just as they would store documents in a filing cabinet
• Repositories for dense multimedia components such as images, video frames, audio messages and full-motion video clips.
• Ability for multiple electronic hypermedia messages to share the same multimedia components residing in various repositories on the enterprise network.
• Dynamic access and transaction managers to allow multiple users to access, edit, and print these multimedia messages.
Electronic messaging Multimedia applications• Local and global directories to locate users and servers across an
enterprise network
• Automatic database sync of dynamic electronic messaging databases.
• Automatic protocol conversions and data format conversions
• Administrative tools to manage enterprise wide networks.
A universal multimedia application
Multimedia applications
• An application that manipulates data types that can be combined in a document, displayed on a screen, or printed with no special manipulations that the user needs to perform
• Full motion video messages
• Viewer interactive live video
• Audio and video indexing
Multimedia systems architecture
APPLICATIONS
Graphical user Interface
Multimedia extensions
System-Hardware
(Multimedia-Enabled)
Add-On multimedia devices and peripherals
Operating system Software drivers Multimedia driver support
Multimedia systems architecture
High resolution graphics display
VGA mixing
VGA mixing with scaling
Dual-buffered VGA mixing/scaling
The IMA architectural framework
It is based on defining interfaces to a multimedia interface bus. The multimedia interface bus would be the interface between systems and multimedia sources and would provide streaming I/O services, including filters and translators.
Multimedia systems architecture
The network congestion can be attributed to a combination of the following causes
• Increased computing power of the desktop systems, workstations, and PC’s and their ability to run multiple applications concurrently.
• Business needs for more complex networks for a larger variety of data transmissions including voice, data, and video messages
• Increased traffic loads on existing backbone networks.
• Use of client server architectures for a wide range of applications
• Graphics-intensive applications
• Voice and video based multimedia applications that require large volumes of data storage.
• Number of users accessing the network
Network architecture for multimedia systems
Multimedia systems architecture
Task based multilevel networking – Higher class of service require more expensive components in the workstations as well as in the servers supporting the workstation applications. If we adjust the class of service to the specific requirements of the user it is task based multi-level networking
High speed server to server links – duplication and replication
Networking standards
ATM, FDDI
Network architecture for multimedia systems
A Course-on-Demand System
MultimediaDatabase
Network
On-line facilitator
user
Database server
Coursewaredeveloper
A Course-on-Demand System
AuthoringTool
Java
Cli
ent
Net
wor
k
Ser
ver
DB
App
lica
tion
Inte
grat
ion
Sof
twar
e
MetadataDB
MediaServer
UserInterface