Multimedia And Contiguity Principles

Beth Heim

EdTech 513

February 2009

Multimedia and Contiguity Principles

Learning Objective

Students will be able to correctly identify the elements of multimedia and contiguity principles in given examples.

Multimedia PrincipleInstructional presentations should contain

graphics and text that present relevant instructional content.

Graphics should support the text rather than just filling a space.

Multimedia PrincipleThe graphics and text in this example are used

together to create meaning for the user.

This is an example of an organizational graphic. It shows qualitative relationships among content.

http://mailboxco.net/instructions.htm

Multimedia PrincipleThis graphic is used incorrectly. It merely

fills the space on the page. This is known as a decorative image.

Contiguity PrinciplePrinciple 1: Place printed words near

corresponding graphics.

Contiguity PrinciplePrinciple 2: Spoken words should be

synchronized with corresponding graphics.If this graphic and text were presented in a

Power Point, they would need to be presented together, not on separate slides.

A carapace is a dorsal section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods such as crustaceans and arachnids (crabs and their relatives and spiders and their relatives) as well as vertebrates such as chelonians, order Testudines, turtles and tortoises.-Wikipedia.org

Contiguity PrinciplePrinciple 2 Example- what not to do

Slide 1- Graphic only

Schema of a typical aquarium and its filtering process.1. Intake 2. Mechanical filtration 3. Activated carbon filtration 4. Biological filtration medium (rotates in this design) 5. Outflow to tank

Slide 2- text only

To correctly use the contiguity principle the graphic and text should be on the same slide in order for the audience to view them simultaneously.

ReviewGraphics should be relevant to the

instruction.Graphics should not be used solely to

decorate the page and take up space.Graphics and text should be placed near

each other to aid understanding.Graphics and narration should be

simultaneous.

Assess Your LearningChose the best answer:

1. What is the best definition of the Multimedia Principle?

a. Graphics should fill the space on a pageb. Graphics and text should be presented together c. Graphics should be relevant to the text and should

be presented together.

Check your answer on the next slide!

Assess Your Learning1. What is the correct definition of the

Multimedia Principle?

a. Graphics should fill the space on a pageb. Graphics and text should be presented together c. Graphics should be relevant to the text and should

be presented together. (Correct!)

Assess Your Learning

What is the best definition of the Contiguity Principle?

a. Graphics and text should be placed in close proximityb. Graphics and text/spoken words should be presented

together c. Graphics and text should be presented separately to

avoid confusion. d. A and B

Check your answer on the next slide!

Assess Your Learning

What is the correct definition of the Contiguity Principle?

a. Graphics and text should be placed in close proximityb. Graphics and text/spoken words should be presented

together c. Graphics and text should be presented separately to

avoid confusion. d. A and B (Correct!)

Assess Your LearningWhich graphic is the best example following

the Contiguity Principle?

Assess Your LearningWhich graphic is the best example following

the Contiguity Principle?

This is the best graphic because the text is presented along with the graphic, they are relevant to each other, and are presented in close proximity.

Assess Your LearningWhy is this a good example of the

Multimedia Principle?

Assess Your LearningWhy is this a good example of the

Multimedia Principle?

This set of instructions contains graphics and text. The combination makes this a more powerful learning tool. The learner is more likely to understand the instructions when there are graphics and text presented together.

ResourcesInformation:Clark, R. & Mayer, R. (2008) e-Learning and

the Science of Instruction, Fan Francisco: Pfeiffer.

Images:Wikimedia Commons

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

http://mailboxco.net/instructions.htm