Multicellular Multicellular Primary Producers: Primary Producers: Seaweeds and Plants Seaweeds and Plants Marine Biology Marine Biology Miss Plumley Miss Plumley
Jan 18, 2016
Multicellular Primary Multicellular Primary Producers: Producers: Seaweeds and PlantsSeaweeds and PlantsMarine Biology Marine Biology
Miss PlumleyMiss Plumley
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
A. General StructureA. General Structure Seaweeds lack true leaves, stems and roots of plantsSeaweeds lack true leaves, stems and roots of plants Instead they have……Instead they have……
ThallusThallus Complete bodyComplete body
BladesBlades Leaf-like (no veins) flattened portions of the thallusLeaf-like (no veins) flattened portions of the thallus
PneumatocystsPneumatocysts Gas-filled bladders that keep the blades close to the sea surface.Gas-filled bladders that keep the blades close to the sea surface.
StipeStipe Location where blades originate fromLocation where blades originate from
HoldfastHoldfast Attaches the thallus to the bottomAttaches the thallus to the bottom
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
B. Types of SeaweedB. Types of Seaweed 1. Green Algae1. Green Algae
Named for their green chloroplastsNamed for their green chloroplasts Phylum ChlorophytaPhylum Chlorophyta Only 10% of the estimated 7,000 are marineOnly 10% of the estimated 7,000 are marine Very closely related to plants.Very closely related to plants.
Contain photosynthetic pigmentsContain photosynthetic pigments
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
B. Types of SeaweedB. Types of Seaweed 1. Green Algae (continued)1. Green Algae (continued)
Examples:Examples: VolvoxVolvox- colonial green algae shaped like a hollow - colonial green algae shaped like a hollow
ball. Contains hundreds and thousands of cells ball. Contains hundreds and thousands of cells connected by bridges of cytoplasm.connected by bridges of cytoplasm.
UlvaUlva- large and complex enough to qualify as - large and complex enough to qualify as seaweeds along with Brown algae.seaweeds along with Brown algae.
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
B. Types of SeaweedB. Types of Seaweed 2. Brown Algae2. Brown Algae
Yellow-brown pigments in addition to chlorophyllYellow-brown pigments in addition to chlorophyll Phylum HeterokontophytaPhylum Heterokontophyta Most complex seaweedsMost complex seaweeds Grow on rocky shores and must be able to Grow on rocky shores and must be able to
withstand wave action and daily tideswithstand wave action and daily tides
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
B. Types of SeaweedB. Types of Seaweed 2. Brown Algae (continued)2. Brown Algae (continued)
Examples:Examples: KelpKelp
Anchored to the sea floor by root-like structures Anchored to the sea floor by root-like structures called holdfasts (not actual plant roots).called holdfasts (not actual plant roots).
Grows fast (up to ½ meter a day)Grows fast (up to ½ meter a day) Monterey Bay Aquarium: Kelp Forest Exhibit - Live
Kelp Cam
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
B. Types of SeaweedB. Types of Seaweed 2. Brown Algae (continued)2. Brown Algae (continued)
Examples:Examples: SargassumSargassum
Sargassa SeaSargassa Sea RockweedRockweed
Common on Rocky shores on the Atlantic coasts Common on Rocky shores on the Atlantic coasts of temperate North America and Europeof temperate North America and Europe
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
B. Types of SeaweedB. Types of Seaweed 3. Red Algae3. Red Algae
Contain red pigments called Contain red pigments called phycobilinsphycobilins Can live in deep water because they absorb blue and Can live in deep water because they absorb blue and
green light (the light that penetrates the deepest).green light (the light that penetrates the deepest). Most are soft bodies, but some are coralline algae (cell Most are soft bodies, but some are coralline algae (cell
walls hardened by mineral deposits).walls hardened by mineral deposits). Coralline algae live and contribute to the structure of coral Coralline algae live and contribute to the structure of coral
reefs.reefs. These algae depend on water currents to bring gametes These algae depend on water currents to bring gametes
together.together.
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
B. Types of SeaweedB. Types of Seaweed 3. Red Algae3. Red Algae
Examples:Examples: Coralline algaeCoralline algae
Has a thallus that is hard as a result of calcareous Has a thallus that is hard as a result of calcareous deposits contained within the cell walls deposits contained within the cell walls
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
C. Life HistoryC. Life History ReproductionReproduction
A. AsexualA. Asexual Fragments of thallus often grow into new individualsFragments of thallus often grow into new individuals SporesSpores
Cells specialized for dispersalCells specialized for dispersal ZoosporesZoospores-spores that have flagella for movement-spores that have flagella for movement
B. SexualB. Sexual GametesGametes
Gametes from two individuals fuse so that the new Gametes from two individuals fuse so that the new generation contains genetic info from both parentsgeneration contains genetic info from both parents
Sporophyte-produces haploid spores through meiosisSporophyte-produces haploid spores through meiosis Gametophyte-produces haploid gametesGametophyte-produces haploid gametes
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
D. Economic ImportanceD. Economic Importance MaricultureMariculture
Farming of seaweedsFarming of seaweeds PhycocolloidsPhycocolloids
Chemicals used in food processing and in manufacture of Chemicals used in food processing and in manufacture of different productsdifferent products
Examples:Examples: Algin-Algin-used as stabilizer for ice cream, cheese and used as stabilizer for ice cream, cheese and
toppings. Also prevents frostings from becoming dry. toppings. Also prevents frostings from becoming dry. Used in making rubber products, paper, paints and Used in making rubber products, paper, paints and cosmetics.cosmetics.
Carrageenan-Carrageenan-obtained from Red Algae. Used in dairy obtained from Red Algae. Used in dairy products and puddingsproducts and puddings
AgarAgar-used to protect ham, fish and meats during -used to protect ham, fish and meats during canningcanning
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
E. Other ImportancesE. Other Importances Shelter for juvenile Shelter for juvenile
fish, sea turtles, and fish, sea turtles, and inverts.inverts.
Food for juvenile fish, Food for juvenile fish, sea turtles, and sea turtles, and inverts.inverts.
Multicellular Algae: The Multicellular Algae: The SeaweedsSeaweeds
Algae PaperAlgae Paper At least one page (you can do more)At least one page (you can do more) Double spacedDouble spaced Times New RomanTimes New Roman Heading is NOT double spacedHeading is NOT double spaced Find one economic importance of a specific Find one economic importance of a specific
species of seaweed (Food, medicine, ect)species of seaweed (Food, medicine, ect)
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants F. Flowering PlantsF. Flowering Plants
Also known as Also known as AngiospermsAngiosperms Secondary growth=wood or barkSecondary growth=wood or bark Two classesTwo classes
1. Monocots1. Monocots Embryo with single cotyledonEmbryo with single cotyledon Major leaf veins are parallelMajor leaf veins are parallel Stem vascular bundles are scatteredStem vascular bundles are scattered Secondary growth is absentSecondary growth is absent
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants
F. Flowering Plants (continued)F. Flowering Plants (continued) Two classesTwo classes
2. Dicot2. Dicot Embryo with two cotelydonsEmbryo with two cotelydons Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5 Major leaf veins are reticulatedMajor leaf veins are reticulated Stem vascular bundles are in a ringStem vascular bundles are in a ring Secondary growth is often presentSecondary growth is often present
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants
G. SeagrassesG. Seagrasses Evolved from land plantsEvolved from land plants Horizontal stems called rhizomes that grow Horizontal stems called rhizomes that grow
beneath the surfacebeneath the surface Three common species in FloridaThree common species in Florida
1. Turtle Grass1. Turtle Grass Thalassis testudinumThalassis testudinum Yummy sea turtle foodYummy sea turtle food
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants
G. SeagrassesG. Seagrasses Three common species (continued)Three common species (continued)
2. Shoal Grass 2. Shoal Grass Halodule wrightiiHalodule wrightii Thinner than turtle grassThinner than turtle grass
3. Manatee Grass3. Manatee Grass Syringodium filiformeSyringodium filiforme Rolly like a manateeRolly like a manatee
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants
H. Salt-marsh plantsH. Salt-marsh plants HalophytesHalophytes
Salt-tolerant plantsSalt-tolerant plants Pickle weedPickle weed
CordgrassesCordgrasses Not marine plants, but very salt tolerantNot marine plants, but very salt tolerant Do not tolerate total submergence of waterDo not tolerate total submergence of water
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants
I. MangrovesI. Mangroves Trees and shrubs adapted to live along Trees and shrubs adapted to live along
tropical and subtropical shorestropical and subtropical shores Feeding and living grounds for many juvenile Feeding and living grounds for many juvenile
fishes and invertebratesfishes and invertebrates ExamplesExamples
1.Red mangrove1.Red mangrove Rhizophora mangleRhizophora mangle Prop rootsProp roots
Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants
Examples:Examples: 2. White Mangrove2. White Mangrove
Languncularia racemosaLanguncularia racemosa Visible NodesVisible Nodes
3. Black Mangrove3. Black Mangrove Avicennia germinanusAvicennia germinanus Salty backside: Salt-excretionSalty backside: Salt-excretion