Multicast ad hoc Multicast ad hoc networks networks Multicast in ad hoc nets Multicast in ad hoc nets Review of Multicasting in wired Review of Multicasting in wired networks networks Tree based wireless multicast Tree based wireless multicast Mesh based wireless multicast – Mesh based wireless multicast – ODMRP ODMRP Performance comparison Performance comparison Scalable multicast Scalable multicast M-LANMAR M-LANMAR Backbone Backbone Reliable, congestion controlled Reliable, congestion controlled multicast multicast RALM, RALM with M-LANMAR RALM, RALM with M-LANMAR
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Multicast ad hoc networks Multicast in ad hoc nets Multicast in ad hoc nets Review of Multicasting in wired networks Review of Multicasting in wired networks.
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Multicast ad hoc Multicast ad hoc networksnetworks
Multicast in ad hoc netsMulticast in ad hoc nets Review of Multicasting in wired networksReview of Multicasting in wired networks Tree based wireless multicastTree based wireless multicast Mesh based wireless multicast – ODMRPMesh based wireless multicast – ODMRP Performance comparisonPerformance comparison
Reliable, congestion controlled multicastReliable, congestion controlled multicast RALM, RALM with M-LANMARRALM, RALM with M-LANMAR
LANMARLANMAR Key insight: Key insight: nodes move in teams/swarmsnodes move in teams/swarms Each team is mapped into aEach team is mapped into a logical subnet logical subnet IP-like Node addressIP-like Node address = <subnet, host> = <subnet, host> Address compatible with IPv6Address compatible with IPv6 Team leaderTeam leader (Landmark) (Landmark) elected in each group elected in each group
Logical SubnetLogical Subnet
LandmarkLandmark
Scalable Ad hoc multicastingScalable Ad hoc multicasting
Multicast (ie, transmit same message to all Multicast (ie, transmit same message to all member of a group) critical in battlefieldmember of a group) critical in battlefield
““Multiple unicast” does not scaleMultiple unicast” does not scale Current ad hoc multicast solutions:Current ad hoc multicast solutions:
inappropriateinappropriate They do not exploit affinity team modelThey do not exploit affinity team model multicast tree approach is “fragile” to multicast tree approach is “fragile” to
mobility;mobility; no congestion control; no reliable end to end no congestion control; no reliable end to end
tunneling tunneling from the source to the from the source to the representative of each subscribed representative of each subscribed team team
Intra-teamIntra-team communication: scoped communication: scoped floodingflooding within a team within a team
Source node
LM2
LM3
Subscribed Teams
LM4
Tunneling to landmarksFlooding
Flooding
Scope = 2
Scope = 2
M-LANMAR
Advantages of M-LANMARAdvantages of M-LANMAR
Reduced control traffic Reduced control traffic overheadoverhead Scalable to Scalable to thousandsthousands of nodes of nodes Enhanced Enhanced Congestion controlCongestion control and and
ReliabilityReliability (because of (because of TCPTCP control on control on unicast tunnels)unicast tunnels)
M-LANMAR multicastM-LANMAR multicast
ScalabilityScalability
Objective: test M-LANMAR scalabilityObjective: test M-LANMAR scalability Compared withCompared with
ODMRPODMRP Flooding Flooding
Simulation EnvironmentSimulation Environment QualNetQualNet 1000 nodes 1000 nodes forming forming 36 teams36 teams on on 6000 x 6000 m6000 x 6000 m22 field field CBR traffic (CBR traffic (512 bytes512 bytes/packet, 1packet/sec)/packet, 1packet/sec)
Simulation ResultsSimulation Results
As the number of multicast groups increasesAs the number of multicast groups increases M-LANMAR achieves M-LANMAR achieves high delivery ratiohigh delivery ratio (by (by
unicast tunneling and flooding)unicast tunneling and flooding) ODMRP suffers from large control overhead ODMRP suffers from large control overhead
Mobile backbone sMobile backbone significantignificantlyly improve improves s delivery in swarm/group motiondelivery in swarm/group motion
Simulation studySimulation study - random - random roamingroaming
Backbone network Backbone network improvements for random improvements for random motion even higher than with swarmsmotion even higher than with swarms
Random distribution of Random distribution of 500 nodes 500 nodes oon n a a 550000x50000x50000 fieldfield
Nodes move randomlyNodes move randomly Ground network is dense Ground network is dense
and connectedand connected Single multicast group: Single multicast group:
one source, one source, 30 receivers30 receivers BandwidthBandwidth Allocation - Allocation -
scalability than flat ODMRP (delivery ratio scalability than flat ODMRP (delivery ratio increases up to 50%)increases up to 50%)
Related workRelated work Coexistence of LANMAR and BackboneCoexistence of LANMAR and Backbone Impact of mobility (random, team, etc)Impact of mobility (random, team, etc) Mobility and traffic correlationMobility and traffic correlation Delay tolerant appls; “data ferrying”Delay tolerant appls; “data ferrying”