Mukul Final

7/28/2019 Mukul Final

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ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: A SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR

EDUCATION:

Man is the only known creature which is not satisfied by fulfilling its

basic needs of food, shelter and water. He always tries to know better about

his surroundings so that he can live a better life and can also make others life

better. In this never ending process he has been engaged in learning and

contributing in the knowledge source since his origin. In fact, learning is

essential if man has to continue to prosper economically, combat social

exclusion and enhance peoples quality of life. Learning is a life long process.

Learning enhances the quality of life, personal growth and creating. This habit

contributes to education, social, economic and cultural development. To

obtain development there is the need of gaining knowledge.

Information is the raw material of knowledge. Before being converted

into knowledge information is processed well. The processed information

form knowledge, which is disseminated by the social institutions called

educational institutions for the betterment of the society. In other words,

educational institutes are the social facilities, which are established to

generate, process and use the knowledge for the betterment of mankind. Since

the ancient times, educational institutes or academies are engaged in the

contribution of knowledge.

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On the other hand, Libraries and other similar types of institutions

collect, stock, process, organize, disseminate and distribute

information/knowledge recorded in various types of documents.

Libraries are the social institution which collect the information,

process it and make it available to the society for human benefaction , i.e. for

better social order, economic order, political order and for all that is essential

for the prosperity and happiness of men and society.

Since the ancient times, libraries have been functioning as lighthouses

for those who wanted to read. In ancient India, Panchala, Kuru, Videha,

Matrya, Taxila and Nalanda etc. were great libraries.

Library plays an important role in supporting and research activities of

society, promoting culture , disseminating information, catering to spiritual

and ideological instincts in men and building up a value system for him and

providing recreation.

Libraries are direct incentive to the development of educational, social

and cultural activities. They contribute a lot to the awakening of public

interest in day to day affairs by facilitating mutual exchange of knowledge

among different sections of people.

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For convenience of Study, Libraries can be divided in three broad

groups, as per their services, users and document collection :-

(A) Academic (B) Public(C) Special

The scope of present research is limited to academic libraries.

Libraries which are attached with the educational institutions which are

engaged in providing education form a special type of social institution called

Academic Libraries.

Academic libraries are part of educational institutes which are

established to fulfill the information requirement of their academic

community, i.e. its students, scholars and teachers of parental educational

institutes.

In simple terms, academic library can be defined as a type of library

which works in the collaboration of educational institute by which it is

attached.

Academic libraries are established to support their educational

institutions. They support learning, teaching , research and other educational

functions appropriate to their parent institutions.

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Integrative Process of Libraries and Education:

In todays age it is necessary to ensure integration of the library

services into educational activity of the institutions.

The basic work of integration of library services to teaching and learning

programme can be achieved by following activities :-

(1) By giving relative importance to different form of information sources

such as books, periodicals., thesis, research reports, standard patents,

specifications, statistics etc.. In this way , people will be motivated to use

information.

(2) Development of several repackaged and information consolidation

products for use by academies and in their consultation work and services.

Like as other consumer products there is the need of today to consider on

the packaging and form of information products so that they can be best

used by the scholars, students and the teachers.

(3) The incorporation of information unit into R&D work , production,

market and customization products.

These efforts towards customer-based services by using the information

resources of library are very crucial for library support service to an

academy. Customer based services are needed because every user of

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information has its own information need in a specific form. So,

information has to be given in a specific form.

Some questions arise when we talk about teaching and learning like as: -

Do the students learn how to explore ideas? How to move around an issue?

Are the students able to think how to debate? Do our students at all know

about these skills. Do we teach students how to write, how to think and

how to study? In fact, the motto of gaining and giving education is to

develop this type of skills so that the scholars of future can direct the

nation to a well developed and civilized society. Here libraries play a vital

role. Research and Development activities are essential component of any

educational system.

Libraries and the information centers of the institute must provide the

inherent support to Research and Development activities by providing

relevant information.

Importance of Academic Libraries:

Libraries play a significant role in the progress of academic institutions.

Academic libraries attempt to provide information services to individuals

that encourage cultivation of curiosity, intellectual energy, intuitive

thinking and lifelong learning. Some of the areas in which academic

libraries play a major role in helping the society are :-

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(a) Academic libraries enhance the image of an academy as a center for

excellence specially in respect of information resources. If the library

has good collection of information resources, the image of academic

library as well as its parent institute will be good. It is a key component

specially in the modern age where there is the need of marketing the

library and information products. The library which is able to create

attraction towards it will be in better position.

(b)Academic libraries improves the quality of education at every level,

specially concerning teaching and learning as it will be affected by

information resources. It is true that for learning and teaching

information resources are needed. If the available information resources

are good enough, by the proper utilization of these resources the quality

of learning and teaching can be improved. Academic libraries collect,

process and utilize these information resources. In this process, the

information is repackaged and made available on demand or in the

anticipation of demand.

In this way, the quality of learning and teaching is improved.

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(c) Academic libraries increase the research output by faculty and research

scholars through effective provision of information resources and

support services. If the library of academy provides good information

resources and effective library services to its research scholars , it can

be ensured that the research output will be of better quality. The better

research output can be utilized in a better way for the betterment of the

society. In this way, academic library helps in increasing the level of

living of society.

(d)Academic libraries develop the role of information resources as an

economic investment for obtaining funds from Academies and their

infrastructures.

As other social facilities, there is a need of continuous flow of

funds on libraries and its infrastructures. The society spend a lot of

money in maintaining library facilities. It can be understood by one

example. In each type of business activity, money is invested so that

some profit can be achieved. In investing money on libraries and their

information resources also there is the intention of gaining profit but the

profit gained by the libraries and other similar types of institutes is not

in terms of money but in sense of betterment of Society. It is the reason

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that continuous inflow of funds is made available to spend on various

information resources, staff and infrastructure of libraries.

Academic libraries make available the information resources to

the needy. The information users use the information resources

effectively. The use of information may generate new information and

can contribute in the betterment of the society. In this sense the money

spent on information resources can be justified that the money spent by

the public is being spent on public. So, it is considerable that spending

on information resources is an economic investment.

(e) Academic libraries increases the value of information and helps in its

maximum use through support services. In fact, information has no use

of it if it is not utilized properly and in an efficient way. If information

is utilized properly , the standard of living of the citizens can be

improved, In todays age, information is considered a valuable

resources. The person society or nation which has better access to

information, is the more powerful, socially, economically or politically.

In this situation, like as other resources there is the need of using

information properly in the effective and efficient way. Academic

libraries are the support institutions of the society which help to society

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by maximum use of information, and utilization of this information in

the betterment of mankind. By this process ,the value of information is

increased and the awareness about the effective use of information is

also increased.

Various support services are provided by academic libraries to

help users so that they can better access the information they need in the

most suitable form at the appropriate time. In this way, academic

libraries follow the principle, right information to the right reader at the

right time. The given support services of academic libraries may be in a

broad range of information services like as indexing, abstracting ,

photocopying, translation, inter-library loan , reference etc.

(f) Academic libraries increase the quantum of information available for

students and others.

Education is the process by which man understands about the

various facts about his surroundings. To grasp these facts and to utilize

them in the betterment of society is compulsory. This process may be

incomplete if the available information is not sufficient. To understand

better about any phenomena there is the need of collecting information

on each aspect of that particular phenomena. In this condition, only it is

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possible to think and understand each and every aspect associated with

that particular phenomena. Books or other information resources can be

purchased directly by users but in the modern age there is the tendency

of rising prices of information resources. In this situation, it is not

possible for anyone to purchase individually each and every text book

available in the market written by various authors on the same subject.

Academic libraries purchase the information resources from the users

side and made available the same on demand or in the anticipation of

demand. By this way, user get a lot or resources on his specific area of

interest without actually spending money on its purchasing. Thus

academic libraries make available various information resources and

increases the quantum of information available.

(g)Academic libraries protect and promote Academies interest with respect

to external policies by developing its ability to use information

resources in support of its academic responsibilities.

In fact, there is the need of keeping a view on various

governments policies, research and development activities, activities of

competitor and other matters which can affect any institution or person

directly or indirectly. Academic libraries help in keeping a view on

these matters. They keep a close watch on the matters which are of

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institutions interest and immediately report it to the concerned

authorities. By this process, academic libraries maintain institutions

interest properly.

(h)Academic libraries provide database systems for supporting the faculty

and students.

(i) Academic libraries process information directly to workstation and

resource utilization points.

(j) Academic libraries develop single point access to the full range of

information resources in the academies and their neighborhoods.

(k)Academic libraries develop the means to assert that faculty and students

have access to the technical information support needed to use

information resources effectively.

In fact, in modern age, a variety of information products is

available. Their consultation is not easy, if these products are used

personally. Academic libraries develop some type of mechanism so that

use of these information resources can be fruitful and they can be used

efficiently and effectively. Various type of technical support in the form

of support services is provided in this direction. These services are

given on demand as well as in the anticipation of demand.

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(l) Academic libraries increase the level of co-operation with other

institutions, with respect to information resources. In todays age it is

the reality that no person or institute can live without the exchange of

co-operation. At the personal as well as the institutions level there is

the need of cooperation with the other person or institute.

Academic libraries help to their institutions in exchanging co-

operation with other institutions and in building healthy relationship

with them. This co-operation is in the form of inter-library loan

indexing, abstracting , photocopying, translation , reference etc.

(m) Academic libraries increase the effective use of expenditure in

acquiring , producing and using information resources.

In the every activity of society there is the need of money. It is true

for purchasing information resources also. In the modern age due to

rising cost of information resources, their proper utilization is difficult.

Libraries are the social institutions which act as friends. They purchase

books for the society and make it available on demand. If each user

purchase these books individually, there is a need of spending a lot of

money.

Second problem related to these information resources is the various

forms of information resources which create problem in consulting

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them. Academic libraries acquire the information resources on behalf of

society. They develop some mechanism by which their consultation is

made easy and cheap. In this way ,academic library use the expenditure

effectively and a lot of money is saved.

(n)Academic libraries increase the level of cooperation in the use of

information resources and help in the development of networking.

In todays age , no institute can survive without cooperation. In modern

time, a lot of literature is published in various subject fields in various

languages. It is not possible for any institute even for the greatest

library of the world to purchase each and every publication. In this

situation, a new term Resource Sharing has been applied. By

Resource Sharing ,a pool of institution is organized which are ready to

exchange the cooperation. A list of participating members and their

information collection is made. Whenever there is the need of any

information resource which is not available in the local library where it

is demanded, the information resource is asked from other member

libraries. In this way a network is developed in which each member

want to exchange cooperation. This process utilize the information

resources fully and spread the feeling of brotherhood among various

institutions.

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The academic library is both a service agency and a kind of

academic department. It is an integral part of an academys teaching

and learning process. The purpose of an academy is to help a student to

learn selectively and train oneself in application of knowledge. It calls

for competence for acquiring multi and interdisciplinary knowledge in

various areas . Academic library service help a seeker to identify the

topic for research and the procedure for understanding, the knowledge

already known and duly documented.

Functional Aspects of a Library in an Academy:

A library in an academy is established to support the aims of its

academic institution. The service given by a library covers the storage,

retrieval and dissemination of information and ideas.

Academic libraries collect and organize recorded information in

accordance with the aims and needs of the institutions. The user

community i.e. students, scholars and teachers use these resources for

learning , teaching and research. Academic libraries gain their objectives

by various activities. Some of them are as follows :-

a) Academic libraries identify user needs , some of their information needs

may be expressed while some of them may be unexpressed. Academic

libraries respond to user needs. Sometime due to change in the

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circumstances there may be any change in the information needs of the

users. Academic libraries keep a view on their users information needs

and if there is any change they identify it and try to provide best

information resources in the appropriate form to fulfill the changed

information needs of users.

b) Academic libraries provide information media and services to support

the activities of their parent institution.

c) Academic libraries make their services simple to understand, easy to

use and economical of users time as far as possible. In this way, users

are motivated to use the information resources and services effectively.

d) Academic libraries develop awareness and understanding of

information sources and the role of the libraries with institutions.

e) Academic libraries provide well equipped study and reference facilities.

f) Academic libraries coordinate the work of the libraries with that of the

other institutes and develop formal links for the promotional services.

g) Academic libraries promote the use of library resources by the

neighborhood organizations and develop networking of library

resources.

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h) Academic libraries maintain access to business and individual

communities to the libraries and provide specialized services for them

through library network services by recovering all costs .

i) Academic libraries manage the personnel, financial and other resources

of the library with efficiency.

By this discussion, we can say that academic libraries play an

important role in support of education of individuals and groups.

Unfortunately , our education system is currently under strain due to

economic recession and cost-recovery concepts. Academic institutions

are suffering from resource constraints. In this situation, Academic

libraries will have to manage with explosive production of literature,

price-wise , increasing number of users, cost etc. This calls for careful

management of resources as well as resource sharing. This is the only

way by which academic libraries can survive in fast changing

environment.

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OBJECTIVE AND FUNCTIONS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF

ACADEMIC LIBRARIES:

Education is the process of learning. Since the origin of mankind ,

educational institutions have established. These educational institutes are

different in nature, as per their students, scope of subject , their services

and characteristics. As per the status of educational institutions by which

libraries are attached, we can classify academic libraries in following three

sub-groups:-

(1) School Library (2) College Library (3) University Library

(1) School Library : In a dynamic approach to teaching, library is

an essential part of school. The teaching in the new setup can not be class-

room centered but has to be child centered and library centered. The

childs learning has to be self directed and he has to acquire reading skills

and do reading activities through the agency of the school library.

Children need an environment of attractive books from the beginning and

it is one of the duties of the school to provide this environment. If a childs

early experiences with books are pleasant, a sound foundation is laid for

their use in his future development. Once the child is taught to read and

brought to love books he can explore.

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School library is a place where the use of documents as sources of

information may be taught. School libraries provide material to inspire and

develop extra-curricular activities in children. The main objective of a

good education system is to equip individuals to be able to play their role

in the society effectively. The school library helps in achieving this

objective. The main aim of a good school library is to become a force for

educational excellence.

School libraries should be established at primary, middle and secondary

level, whatever the level of school library, it has to do the following

functions :-

a) School Library acquires, maintains , lends and keeps track of books and

other documents relevant to the needs and interests of teachers and

students. It tries to fulfill the information needs of teachers and students

so that learning and teaching can be fruitful.

b) School library generates curiosity and interest about the information

resources available in the library. In this way, information is utilized

well in the development of students and teachers.

c) School library creates a value for books in the mind of a reader and

cultivates learning and reading skills.

d) It gives support to self learning activity and skills for life long learning.

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e) School library enables the teachers to use learning resources to support

various programmes of the school.

Objectives of a School Library : Some of the objectives of a

school library are as follows :-

(a) To acquire, process and make available documents to serve the information

needs of the students and teachers effectively.

(b)To provide user education to students so that they cam learn to use the

information resources of the library

(c) To create a habit of life long reading.

(d)To give support to school activities.

In order to achieve above objectives, a modern school library should be

considered a resource centre. Is should be made a centre of informal education

and should be the hub of the activities in a school.

Fransis Baken has said that the objective of study is self-satisfaction.

School library is the first place which gives the opportunity to the students to

be satisfied by the reading..

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Services of a School Library : It is observed that a school library

should provide the following services :-

(1) Display of materials and information to attract students and teachers.

Following devices can be applied to achieve it :-

(a) Organisation of Book exhibition from time to time.

(b)Display of newspaper clippings specially whenever any information of

schools interest appears in the newspapers.

(c) Display of Jackets of new books as soon as they appear in the library.

(d)Display of new books or documents received.

(2) Organisation of story hours, book talks, debates, essay competition,

quiz competition. If story telling skill of a teacher or librarian is good then

it can help to attract the children toward the world of books.

(3) Library Orientation Program introduce the library to new students so

that they can use the library in a meaningful and effective way. Librarian

should familiarize new students with the varieties of the reading materials

in the library, the ways of using them and also the working of the library

tools.

(4) School library should help in providing reading guidance to individuals.

(5) Assistance in the use of library catalogue.

(6) Assistance in the searching and location of documents.

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(7) Assistance in the use of reference documents.

School Libraries can be further classified in two subgroups:

(A) Primary School Library : These type of libraries are meant

for children between five to ten / eleven years of age and their teachers. It

should aim to :-

(1) Encourage to develop book mindedness.

(2) Strengthen the learning skills through kits.

(3) Create a love for learning resources.

(4) Help in learning how to read in a slow but deliberate process.

(5) A primary school library should build up collections on the following

themes and use them extensively with students :-

(a) Picture books which include adventure , patriotism, service to follow

persons and other themes.

(b)Biographies of great personalities in simple language.

(c) Folk tales and other famous tales which can help children in developing

good habits.

(d)Cultural Heritage.

(e) Children Magazines.

(f) Popular Games and sports.

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(B) Secondary School Library :- Secondary school libraries maintain

specific educational identity in fulfilling all academic requirements of the

young students for learning. It helps teachers in effective teaching and their

own development. Secondary School Libraries support school programmes at

three stages i.e. middle class 7-8, secondary classes 9-10 and higher

educational classes 11 & 12. Secondary school library tries to achieve the

following aims :-

(i.) To develop the habit of using library for reference and course requirement

by learning reading for pleasure, general knowledge and recreation.

(ii.) Development of learning skills for collecting information on any topic by

consulting reference books and other materials.

Services of Secondary School Library : Secondary school library

provides following services :-

(1) Awareness service on current events, activities, personalities, scientific

and technological achievements, issues of national importance and

international events of significance.

(2) Organisation of book exhibitions.

(3) Organisation of book talks.

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(4) Organizing competitions - Debate on current issues , essay writing,

quiz etc.

(5) Display of Jackets of currently acquired books, newspaper clipping,

pictures and photographs of current events.

(6) Guidance and advisory services are provided to serious students for

writing an article, story or poem.

College Libraries :- The colleges are important links in our educational

system and their libraries play a vital role in the meaningful development

of higher education and to some extent forming the personality of the

youth in the country. Education today places great emphasis on the use

of libraries specially in the field of higher education. The use of libraries

is a great boon to encourage learning - gaining of knowledge and

uplifting of education. If standards in higher education are to be raised ,

the standard of our college libraries need to be raised.

Objectives & Functions of College Libraries :-

Some of the objectives and functions of college libraries are :-

(1)To give young persons a wider and deeper understanding of the various

disciplines.

(2)To prepare the students for advanced studies in various disciplines.

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(3)To prepare young persons for accepting the higher responsibilities of

manning schools, government departments, commercial establishments

and business etc.

(4)To provide adequate physical facilities for study.

(5)To train young persons for various professions.

(6)To train a body of ore enlighted, knowledgeable and responsible citizen.

College libraries helps to students in using their leisure more usefully and

meaningfully. They also help in discovering students own inherent

potentialities and generally lay the foundations of good and more responsible

life in the future. In addition to teachers, students and staff, authors, writers,

lawyers and other professional may be the part of user community. To serve

them better, following services should be given to them :-

Objectives & Functions of College Libraries :-

Some of the objectives and functions of college libraries are :-

(i.) College Libraries provide following services.

(ii.) Assistance in the location of documents.

(iii.) Readers advisory services.

(iv.) Provision of general or specific information.

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(v.) Interlibrary Loan

(vi.) Compilation of bibliographies.

(vii.) Reservation of Documents.

(viii.) Reprographic Services.

Collection of college libraries should be live one , able to meet the extent

and nature of the curriculum. It should also adequately take care of extra

curriculum materials as well as extra recreational reading material.

University Library :

A library is more important in a university, because a library can

function without a university but a university can not function without a

library. It is obviously true that the prime necessity for a university is a good

library which has a well rounded connection, is well organized and well

maintained to satisfy the needs of the university faculty and for the promotion

of advanced study and research programmes.

The university library has an important place in the community , as it

has the fate of young generations in its hands. It is the responsibility of the

library to acquire material to support the attainment of educational objectives

of the university. It should also be impressed upon the minds of the students

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that next to class room lectures, the most important thing in the reading that

they will do themselves in the library.

By accumulation and organizing books, manuscripts, journals and other

materials, the university library serves as an invaluable aid in the

conservation of knowledge and ideas and active force in the teachings

research and extension programmes of university.

Services of University Libraries : Some of the services which are

provided by university libraries are as follows :-

(i.) Bibliographic instruction and library orientation.

(ii.) Provision of general and specific information.

(iii.) Assistance in the location of documents or use of library catalogue and in

understanding of reference books etc.

(iv.) Literature Search.

(v.) Readers advisory service.

(vi.) Selective dissemination of information.

(vii.) Compilation of bibliographies, preparation of indexing and abstracting

services.

(viii.) Reservation of documents.

(ix.) Interlibrary loan.

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(x.) Display of new additions to the library.

(xi.) Maintenance of clippings.

(xii.) Reprographic Services.

(xiii.) Translation Services etc.

A modern university is concerned with the manifold objectives and a well-

administered university library can rightly direct its business towards the

fulfillment of these objectives. Modern libraries have large to do with the

knowledge contained in the documents.

The collection of documents, journals, magazines, and other materials, their

preservation, and finally their dissemination or serving should be considered

as the primary function of the modern university library.

The user communities of University Libraries :The user communities of

university libraries include the following :-

(i.) Students at different levels of study in different subjects.

(ii.) Teachers at different levels and in different subjects.

(iii.) Research students working for M.Phil. and Ph.D. degrees.

(iv.) Post doctoral research scholars working on specific projects.

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(v.) Professors and experts guiding research projects and managing research

activities of the university.

(vi.) Members of the various academic and executive bodies of the university.

(vii.) The university management.

(viii.) Scholars in general, who get special privileges of using the university

library.

Today university libraries have a very large and difficult role to play in

order to meet a variety of demands of information and knowledge by far

larger number of people on far larger number of subjects at far higher prices

and negligible grants.

All other above types of academic libraries play a significant role in the

educational advancement of a nation . It is the duty of each section of the

society to provide its full cooperation so that they can try to build a better

informed community.

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INFORMATION LITERACY, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND

ACADEMIC LIBRARIES:

We are living in information age in which each activity is directed by

the information. Information is growing at a very fast rate and technologies

for storing, organizing and accessing information are developing. The persons

who have access to computers and information systems are able to become

productive information users while others are unable to participate in the

information based activities.

In the information age, information is critical in decision making for

quality decisions there is the need of being a critical thinker, Learning is

considered as a life long process and it must be supported by information

skills for learning.

The greatest resource of any country is its human resource. But if a lot

of citizens are living below the poverty line and they are unable to use the

available resources and ideas for their better lives due to the lake of their

abilities of using information or unawareness of required information then

there is no use of information age.

Today information is considered a vital resource. There is the need of

educating people about the use of information. Also some type of training in

dealing information is needed because information is available in a variety of

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information sources. To survive in the information is age it is essential to

know how to make use of these sources. In this direction teachers and

librarians can play a crucial role. But it is not possible without adopting the

concept and practice of Information Literacy.

Information Literacy is an understanding and set of abilities enabling

individuals to recognize when information is needed and have capacity to

identify, locate, evaluate and use of effectively the needed information

Dr. Muttayya Koganuramath defines an information literate person as

person who has learnt, how to learn, and able to

(i) recognize a need for information.

(ii) Access the needed information.

(iii) Determine the extent of needed information.

(iv) Evaluate the information into their knowledge base.

(v) Incorporate selected information into its knowledge.

(vi) Use information effectively to accomplish a purpose.

(vii) Understand economic, legal, social and cultural issues in use of

information.

(viii) Access and use information ethically and legally.

(ix) Classify, store, manipulate and redraft information collected or

generated.

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(x) Recognize information literacy as a prerequisite for life long

learning.

In other words we can say that to become an information literate, it is

needed that the person must be able to identify its information needs, examine

the available information, select related and useful information, organize the

selected information, give it personalized touch, present that information in

proper format, assess the quality of information and can apply that

information for decision making.

In the modern age it is the duty of our educational system that

information skills for learning must be developed among the schools, colleges,

and universities students so that they can make efficient and effective use of

information resources and services throughout their lives.

Educational institutes must play a leadership role in incorporating

information literacy programme into their curricula so that students will be

able to gain survival skills for the information age.

Infect there is the demand of information age that people of all ages

should gain information skills whether they are studying or not. Here libraries

can play a wonderful role. They can be very important partners in creating an

information literate population. Libraries can provide key access points to

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electronic and print information and can offer related training programes to

half in going necessary information skills.

It is a fact that people retain very little of what they hear in a classroom

unless they become actively involved in the learning process and apply the

new knowledge to specific problem solving. Libraries and teachers must

create positive learning experiences for students to ensure that educational

outcomes are positive and productive.

Specially in information age while new information and technological

changes occur faster all the time, students must be taught how to become life-

long learners and how to find, organize, evaluate and use information. It

demands that learning process must be restructured. There is the duty of

educational institutes that learning environments must become interactive,

student centered, dynamic and more creative to ensure that students will

determine their own learning paths to gain critical thinking and life long

learning skills. There should be a atmosphere of interaction between the

teachers and students.

Librarians can take active part in information literacy programs because

they are experts in collecting organizing, evaluating, and providing access to

information in all formats, Librarians are able to teach students how to

become knowledgeable information handlers for print formats as well as for

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electronic information. It is the demand of present age that academic librarians

must become active leaders in the electronic information environment and in

the educational reform movement. By establishing healthy relationship with

teachers and faculty they can bring about curricular restructuring and dynamic

learning environments for students in the information age. In the area of

information handling librarians experience and expertise position them

uniquely to work with teachers and faculty, in the nurturing of students

learners so that they become critical users of information.

Academic library can become a teaching library by activity involving in

all aspects of higher education, i.e. teaching, research and community service,

to develop a climate which encourages lifelong learning.

Schaffinger, stebbins and wyman say that librarians need to become

more vocal and more involved with the educational process in order to faster

change with regards to the teaching of information literacy. Librarians should

participate in debate in undergraduate education, publicize their role, as well

as their talent and skills in library instruction as it relates to improve the

undergraduate experience and take an interest in curriculum reform, in order

to further information literacy programe on campus.

Wiggins says that in this direction the most important role the academic

librarians can play is to act as collaborators with teaching facilities. Both

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librarians and faculty have something to contribute to information literacy.

The librarians passes knowledge of resources and strategies to access

information and faculty have in depth knowledge of their content areas and

are in a position to help their students with regard to evaluate and apply

information.

Incorporating information literacy into the under graduate curriculums

is not an easy task. Faculty are very concerned with the discipline and the care

of concepts that they feel students need to learn to receive their degree. Some

time in order to preserve the integrity of their discipline, faculty may be

against incorporating any material that they consider non essential such as

information literacy skills. Faculty have knowledge in their specific field and

they can feel that they have the right to decide what is important enough to

cover in class. They may discourage the involvement of other sources of

expertise, such as librarians. Faculty may feel that their classrooms are under

their control or their domain and may reject interference from outside their

discipline. Faculty members may feel that it is not their duty to teach the

students library skills.

In this situation there is the need of motivating the faculty to have

student centered discourse. In this way some faculty members can be

motivated to believe in the joy of discovery and research. The motivated staff

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members may be in the position to inspire their students to learn through

techniques other than traditional lecture. They can try to integrate library

research skills into their curricula.

On the other side librarian may have the views that they may prevent

collaboration with faculty. They may feel that they have to teach certain care

concepts related to information literacy but they are more focused on

importing skills to their patterns than simply knowledge. Fullerton and leckie

say that the academic library can play a crucial role in mediating the

difference between faculty and librarians. The library can examine ways of

thinking that to delay its efforts at working with faculty work for change on

campus regarding the imbalance of power, act as a pedagogical liasion with

academic departments and information faculty about the service the library

has to offer then. In the role of pedagogical collaborator, leader/mentor or

supporter, librarians can plan and deliver information literacy courses. They

can advice faculty in incorporating information literacy into their curricula.

They can also support faculty in any way possible so that faculty may have

more comfortable teaching information literacy skills.

Information literacy skills are very important for students to survive in

the information age with a successful life. It is a well known fact that

librarians are well equipped to teach such skills but there is a demand of the

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time, for the support of entire faculty. Integration of information literacy skills

into subject areas and collaboration with faculty is the only way for the

success of an information literacy program.

Academic libraries are information centers which are established to

support their parent institutions in generating knowledge and also to develop

people in knowledgeable persons so that they can serve the society well.

In todays age libraries are facing competition from commercial

organisations. Internet and other commercial information providers has

created a problem for libraries.

To prove their relevance and value academic libraries have to provide

the right form with a right expense of financial and human resources. There is

a huge pressure on academic libraries that with a limited library budget they

have to increase the operational efficiency in order to meet the challenge of

information age. In this direction one management tool has developed which

is known as knowledge management.

Here question arises what is knowledge management? Knowledge

management is defined as the process of creating capturing, and using

knowledge to enhance organisational performance.

The e-knowledge centre (www.eknowledgecentre.com) describes that

knowledge management is a cross disciplinary practice which enables

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organisations to improve the way they create, adopt, validate, diffuse, store

and use knowledge in order to attain their goods factor and more effectively.

It is very crucial in information age for any enterprise to know what

they know and how to make maximum use of knowledge. They have to

manage and make use of these assets to get maximum return. To get success

in an increasingly competitive market place depends critically on the quality

of knowledge which organisations apply to their key business processes.

By the use of knowledge management managed knowledge enables the

members of the organisation to deal with todays situations and effectively on

vision and create their future.

Knowledge management has been applied to money oriented

organisations to gain competitive advantage and increase profits. Now it is the

turn of non-profit organisations like as the libraries to use the knowledge

management to promote their services and user satisfaction.

Liebowitz pointed a nine step approach to knowledge management.

(A) Transfer information knowledge

(B) Identify and verify knowledge

(C) Capture and secure knowledge

(D) Organize knowledge

(E) Retrieve and apply knowledge

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(F) Combine knowledge

(G) Create knowledge

(H) Learn knowledge

(I) Distribute / Self knowledge

There is a combination of strategies and tools which librarian use

towards knowledge creation, knowledge adaptation, knowledge distribution

and knowledge retrieval. Some of them are:-

Digital libraries

Internet and Intranet

Expert systems

Online catalogue

CD Roms

E-Journals

E-books

E-mail

Website of libraries

Local databases etc.

Kim says that Knowledge Management is not about managing or

organizing books or journals, searching the internet for clients or arranging for

the circulation of materials, however each of these activities can in some way

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be part of knowledge management spectrum and poures. Knowledge

management is about enhancing the use of organisational knowledge through

sound practices of knowledge management and organisational learning. Thus

knowledge management is a combination of information management.

Communication and human resources

There is a question how to manage knowledge in libraries?

Shanhong says that Knowledge management in libraries should be

focused on effective research and development of knowledge, creation of

knowledge base, exchange and sharing of knowledge between library staff

and its users, training of library staff, speeding up explicit processing of

implicit knowledge and realizing of its sharing

When libraries apply knowledge management process, they convert

data and information stored in various sources into knowledge . At the request

in the anticipation of demand only relevant knowledge is delivered to the

users.

Jantz says that Knowledge management with in libraries involves

organizing and providing access to intangible resources that help librarians

and administrators to carry out their tasks more effectively and efficiently.

Knowledge management helps in developing and applying the

organisational knowledge which is needed to improve library effectiveness.

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Subhash Khode and Umesh Kumar Singh define knowledge management in

academic libraries as the combination of different processes such as

acquisition of knowledge from different sources and classification, storing,

indexing and dissemination of that knowledge using people, process and

technology in such a way by which library could fulfill the mission of the

parent organisation in term of users satisfaction. Knowledge management

helps to academic libraries in encouraging library staff and users to

communicate their knowledge and experience by creating environments and

systems for capturing organizing, learning, enhancing and sharing knowledge

through out the library for the benefit of the organisation and its users

How to present library materials to users is focused in library

knowledge management research. How to effectively use our staff and how to

improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our technical services operations

should be the real focus of knowledge management in academic libraries.

Here a question arises why we should implement knowledge

management in academic libraries?

In the present age academic libraries are facing problems in survival,

due to the reduced budget and insufficient and unskilled staff. On the other

side there is a huge pressure of satisfying increased information needs of

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students and faculty. In this condition academic libraries are forced to

implement knowledge management to fulfill their mission.

Generally driving force of using knowledge Management in academic

libraries is to survive in the business sector in the age of huge competition.

The chief goal of knowledge management is to make full use of the

knowledge existed in a institution to increase the productivity and/or

operational efficiency to survive in the competition.

The primary driving force for the implementation of knowledge

management in academic libraries is shortfall of budget.

On the other side there is a great expectation from students, faculty and

administration. In the digital age to provide the right information at the right

time, in the right form to the right user is more crucial than to fulfillment of

the mission of academic libraries and their parent institutions. Although they

are facing competition form. Internet and other information services

providers. So the most important thing for academic librarian is to operate

more efficiently with reduced financial and / or human resources. Knowledge

management can play a crucial role in this situation.

Academic libraries are dependent on the support from their parent

institution. In the changing environment academic libraries can be survived

just by keeping a view on users information needs, and developing more

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mechanism to fulfill them immediately. Libraries are social institutions which

are established as non-profit based organisations but in the changing

environment libraries should be more proactive in marketing there service and

products. They can not follow the tradition of just waiting for users to come to

the library but they have to reach out to their users advertise and market their

services. In this way if users find that services of their libraries are valuable

they will support them and would not allow libraries to be closed or scale

down.

Here we have to consider that academic libraries are not facing a lot of

competition from other academic libraries, but the real competitors are some

internet based companies that provide reference services or e-books, journals

and audio-visual materials, However they are not an imminent thereof yet as

their services are fee based while libraries offer their services without

changing any money or in some cases at the minimum operating cost.

Now we have to consider that how to implement knowledge

management in academic libraries.

Most researchers have a view that knowledge Management consists of

two components.

1. Human factor

2. Technology

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Managers at various levels should get the responsibilities to manage staff

and work flow in their units. Each manager should be responsible for

managing knowledge pertaining to their units goals and operations.

Here we have to consider that knowledge acquisitions should not be

confined to ones own units or even the library. A knowledge management

manager is like an intelligent agent. He must try his best to acquire

information to improve the operational efficiency of his unit.

Managers at higher levels have to look both within and beyond their

departments or libraries and see what work follows, organisational structures

services, technologies etc. are available which may be imported or adapted to

better serve their clientle.

It is the matter of debate that advance technology should be used to store

and retrieve knowledge or centralized turn key knowledge management

software product or system should be used.

Theoretically a knowledge management system could include a large

number of things. In reality no such system exist. A centralized knowledge

management product involves a costly initial capital investment whether

purchased from the market or developed in house on the same side subsequent

and on going maintenance and upgrades of hardware and software may not be

affordable with the reduced library budget. Such an a approach over looks the

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technology competence and preference of individual knowledge management

managers. It would be costly and unrealistic to train all staff to use such a

knowledge management system.

On the other side, it is difficult to estimate the value of an investment in

knowledge management. In the case of tight budget library administration

hesitate to invest in such a knowledge management system.

One more fact we have to consider that a particular knowledge is valuable

only in particular situation. So there is no big need of including it in a

centralized management systems because it would be irrelevant to most

people outside a certain unit or not performing a particular function.

In this situation we can make use of the existing technology to store and

retrieve knowledge for promoting knowledge management in library

operations. Open source technology and software may be ideal. To prevent the

loss of knowledge at a staff turnover, all operational documentation should be

stored on a library network or in a shared space.

Here librarians play the important role. Rearden has stated that there is a

need for significant changes in thinking, attitudes, education and training

before we can confidently face the knowledge management future that awaits

in many important areas of the information and library professions

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In this direction Webb says that anyone working in the field of

knowledge and information management will require a range of skills, some

of which can be grouped in the following categories which are related to

knowledge and information management-

(i) Knowledge of sources-print /electronic, internal / external, whom to

ask, how to look, evaluation.

(ii) Subject knowledge and understanding.

(iii) Information and records management Indexing methods, data base

development, thesaurus construction, retrieval, delivery, methods,

electronic, storage, retention policy, structuring records, legislation,

standers and controls.

(iv) Internal and external networks.

(v) CAS monitoring /updating, abstracting, news services.

(vi) User advice and training.

(vii) Contribution to knowledge and information strategy

TFPL has described following personality attributes for knowledge

Managers :-

(a) Creativity

(b)Ability to learn and adapt

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(c) Will and ability to create, share and utilize knowledge.

(d)Understanding of knowledge creation processes

(e) Understanding of the impact of knowledge

(f) Information literacy skills creating, finding sharing and using.

(g)Understanding of the knowledge process

Subhash Khode and Umesh Kumar Singh describe the type of

knowledge which are required for the librarians for implementing

knowledge Management

(a) Knowledge about librarys information sources or assets, products and

services.

(b)Knowledge about where there sources are stored and what is there use.

(c) Knowledge about users, including teaching staff, and resources and

who is using there information sources.

(d)What are the current usage of there sources and how to increase its

uses.

(e) Knowledge about the librarys own competencies and capabilities

(f) Knowledge about the emerging library trends and technologies.

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But implementing knowledge management is not in any task. There are

some barriers which tend to stop the sharing of knowledge. Some of them are

as following

(i) In todays age knowledge considered as a power. The person who

has better knowledge is in better position. In this situation some

senior library staff may not be interested in sharing of knowledge,

with other staff members. It is not a good condition for any library.

(ii) junior staff feel that if they share their ideas and knowledge they

will not get any extra benefit. In this situation they hesitate to share

their knowledge and ideas.

(iii) If there is a lake of communication skills among staff members then

knowledge sharing will not be an easy task.

By this discussion we can say that academic library can play a vital role

in information literacy and knowledge management program.

Information literacy help to person to use the information resource

properly in an efficient way while knowledge management and sharing of

knowledge can help in improving of the quality of library services as well as

creation and maintenance of a learning culture. It is the duty of librarian to

implement them effectively.

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS USE IN ACADEMIC

LIBRARIES :

Word information technology has several connotations in different

contexts to librarians and information workers. It connotes the convergence of

several technologies, mainly computer, telecommunication and micro

graphics for the purpose of effective information handling. Term information

handling includes the whole range of processes for the generation, storage,

retrieval and dissemination of information.

The information age provided us Interest, Global information structure,

PC based hardware and software development such as faster, multi taking and

end-user work stations, e-books, e-mail, C.D. Roms, DVD etc. Access to

world information is now possible almost from any where in the globe. New

methods of information storage and retrieval, creation of bibliographic and

source data bases, link up of all of these through a variety of communication

networks and document delivery centers and similar advancement have

provided greater accessibility and greater use of information.

Since 1950s libraries are using computers mainly for their

housekeeping activities. Some of the operations of the library functions which

can be processed speedily by the computer are-

A. Acquisition

(i) Duplicate checking.

(ii) Preparation of order lists.

(iii) Sending orders to book suppliers.

(iv) Monitoring orders and follow up action

(v) Verification with order file and invoices

(vi) Maintaining state of funds, budget control etc.

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B. Cataloguing

(i) Duplicate cataloguing cards

(ii) Preparation of authority file / subject heading list

(iii) Sorting, checking and filing of catalogue cards

(iv) Automatic generation of added entries

(v) Learning the monthly accession lists

(vi) Developing centralized and cooperative cataloguing systems

C. Circulation Control

(i) Registration of members

(ii) Charging and discharging of documents

(iii) Upgrading the records file

(iv) Preparation of reminders

(v) Maintaining statistics

(vi) Information retrieval etc.

D. Serial control

(i) Ordering of serial

(ii) Receipt and updating the record file

(iii) Receipt to venders/publishers

(iv) List of holdings

(v) Preparing list of additions

(vi) Preparing list of binding

E. Documentation and Information Retrieval

(i) Indexing of micro and macro documents

(ii) Then quires construction

(iii) Abstracting work

(iv) Compilation of union catalogues / lists

(v) Bibliographic work

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(vi) Searching and print-outs of queries of users

Money of the academic libraries are using computers for their

housekeeping activities. The application of computer in libraries has

enormous advantages. Some of the advantages of compensation are

enumerated below-

(i) Increase in speed and saving of time :-

Duration of time between the acquisition of documents and their

availability to the user is reduced.

(ii) Computers system update the record files much move quickly and

easily than the manual system

(iii) Greater library cooperation

(iv) Better library management

(v) New services can be introduced

(vi) Protection of records

(vii) Report production

A member of library softwares are available which can automate

the library activities.

On the other hand computer communication network like as

NICNET, DELNET, JANET and INFLIBNET are used to

communicate information.

INFLIBNET links libraries in universities and colleges in country

and libraries in institutions affiliated to the CSIR, ICMR,JCAR,

DROO and government department, It is established to improve

interactions among academic and research libraries in the country

for the efficient and effective sharing of resources, databases,

information document delivery and other services for the benefit of

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the library, student, teaching and research communities in the

country as a whole on the other hand development in

communication technology gave birth to Internet, the Internet is the

term used to describe the network of computer networks. This

network is global in nature and supports facilities such as e-mail and

the world wide Web. Internet allows a two way exchange of

information and data.

Internet is packed with both primary and secondary sources of

information, to track which one has to develop the ability to sift

through millions of search engine hits. The internet makes the world

simpler, shrinks time and distance and enable more effective

information resource use and communication by individual

knowledge workers.

If internet is integrated into library services it can enrich the

treasure of information role vary and finally make it available in a

timely fashion to knowledge clienteles. It also allows knowledge

workers to use their time more efficiently and to focus on more

productive tasks, such as to reach the un-reached.

With an unprecedented growth in the quantum of knowledge

worldwide and the easy accessibility, Internet has become an

unavoidable necessity for every institution of higher learning and

research.

An internet user has access to a wide variety of services. e-mail,

file transfer, vast information resource, interactive collaboration,

multimedia displays, real-time broad casting, shopping

opportunities, breaking news etc.

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Library and Information service managers can exert significant

influence on attitudes to the internet as experts in locating

identifying, organizing, maintaining, compiling and providing access

to information. Internet and library both of them deal with

information content, management and dissemination.

Surash Jange, Amruth Sherikar and Malikarjun Angad,

differentiate between the characteristics of the Internet and the

library-

Criteria Internet Library

Act as an Online Library Library

Knowledge of

Resources

Wealth of

knowledge

Wealth of

knowledge

resources but

restricted in nature

NetworkNetwork of

networksSingle Network

Dr. S.R.

Raghunathans Five

Laws of Library

Science

SatisfiedSatisfied

Collection Diversified in all

disciplines

Restricted specific

collection

FormatElectronic and

online

Print & C.D. ROM

format

Major source Primary, Secondary, & Primary, Secondary

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Tertiary & Tertiary

Book Less dominatesFully dominated

collection

Growth Tremendous Gradual

RelevancyBoth relevant and

irrelevant

More relevant and

less irrelevant

Quality Less validated Mostly validated

Organisation

Well organized

Search engines

Subject gateways

Well organized

Catalogue

Index

Time lines Very fast Fast

Maintenance InvisibleLibrary

professionals

Accessibility All users Specific users

Economic Value Economic Bit costly

Nascence Up-to-date Less up-to-date

StaffAll sorts of

professionals

Library

professionals

In the first sight we can think that interest is better than traditional

libraries but there are some characteristics which the libraries have but interest

not.

Brtan Howkins describes it A vast amount of information is indeed

available on the web today, but it is not a inherent collection of information.

Further the amount of scholarly, intellectual and aesthetic information

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available on the web is truly minimal when compared with what is available

in a good library.

Perhaps the greatest obstacle to moving forward in him area is

eradicating the myth that the web already provides this library environment.

Further more access to the web is anything but egalitarian. The web is not a

library, and access to it is far from egalitarian.

In traditional libraries the knowledge is catalogued but web is not

catalogued and no one has any idea what is available there and what is not.

How to this information fits into a larger taxonomy of knowledge is a problem

for users. Some times available search engine are insufficient to provide the

information.

The web lacks standards and methods to validate or authenticate

information. No librarian is providing his services in making informed

decisions about the quality or appropriateness of the information and then

adding this to a coherent collection.

While the Internet provides vast amounts of information many of the

basic defining characteristics of a library are missing. These missing elements

will significantly referred the educational frame work for our society.

Academic library must be part of the fabric of the new electronic

infrastructure that is emerging. Access to the information, the services, and the

organisation of information is essential for teaching, learning, and inquiry at

all levels of our educational system, as well as to the society as large.

The rise of electronic information resources freely accessible through

the Internet has disrupted the library system in a number of ways. There is no

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clear and definite role for libraries with regard to the selection, preservation

and provision of access in regard to the digital resources accessible through

the net. Additionally students and faculty have a need of know to evaluate

these new information massacres and it is for more difficult to do so on the

nets then it has been in a traditional library. With a traditional library, the very

fact that a book an a journal was held by a library represented a conscious set

of decisions about the validity of the information, and implied a filtering focus

that suggested a reasonable level of legitimacy . This is not true when one

surfs the web. Another problem is that of scale, as some libraries, academic

departments, and even individual selecting and describing network resources

they find them useful of amenable. In some cases these resources are even

oddest centralize databases, but the combination of the growth of the web, and

the lock of scalability of these individual, highly favor intensive approaches

do not make much efforts a viable on affordable means of addressing this

important challenge.

These are some problems by the nature of various scared engines. While they

offer far wider coverage than any traditional cataloguing approach can

possibly match, they do so with far less quality filtering and very different,

often powerful label of description. A search one of these engines may yield a

half million hits. These search engines are also tainted by a bias in the

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selection process rooted in their commercial advertising relationship, other

than solely on the search parameters. Most users dont know how to use their

advanced feature and the more sophisticated search algorithms imbedded

highly used application.

Academic libraries make use of the internet in achieving information

about their activities and interests. Much bibliographical and price information

can be found from online book stores and web site for professional

organisation and publishers. The library have more skepticism about the well

published web search tools then most users such services can be valuable,

particularly fast easily defined topics and the sheer hang of material indented,

subjects covered and the speed with which the search can make then useful

when a clear starting point is not obvious. They may not always retry with full

answer but may give helpful dues. Similarly speculative query to a discussion

list on newsgroup may identify on expert to answer a problem.

In the information age the academic librarian should develop the

information packages far the users and reach up to them instead of waiting

then to come to library when we have to meat up to the users We must

identify the wage. Hosting of web sites far the library is one of the most

effective ways in the I T environment of Hosting of web sites means to

develop the web pages along with the home page contain appropriate

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information of any kind and touch it on internet web side can be hosted either

on price or free of cast.

Mohan R. Kherde says library point of view as far as possible following

information should be included on web site :

(i) Name of the library

(ii) Year of establishment

(iii) Name of the librarian

(iv) Total No. of staff (a) Technical (b) Non-technical

(v) Working days & hours.

(vi) Rules & regulations of library

(vii) Membership fees

(viii) Library committee

(ix) Total collection

(a) No. of Books

(b)No. of back volumes

(c) No. of C.Ds

(d)Bibliographies

(e) Clippings

(f) Special collection

(g)Other

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(x)No. of members enrolled

(xi) categories of the members

(xii) Journals periodicals subscribed

(xiii) Newspapers subscribed

(xiv) Area of layout of the library.

(xv) Financial sources of the library

(xvi) Services available far users

(xvii) Other statistical information about the library

(xviii) Special features of library.

(xix) Future plans of library.

He describes home advantage of web pages for library.

(a) it offer a unique opportunity to interact with the users

(ii) The collection and services offered by the library for the users can

be put before them at minimum expenditure.

(iii) out standing accuracy of demographics can be achieved.

(iv) It is less expensive & powerful media. Then only other available

media

(v) it takes very short time to reach up to the user

(vii) It provides combination of cost effectiveness, targeted, Marketing

and growing users

(Viii) It acts as a mirror for the library.

(viii) Latest development of the library can be forwarded to the users with

in a shortperiod.

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Users just can down load information of the library on their computer very

quickly.

If university libraries have the web sites their purpose may be-

(i) An online prospectus for potential students

(ii) Making widely available, both internally and externally essential

information like phone and e-mail directions details of research

activities or computer documentation.

(iii) Giving access to relevant internet resources.

(iv) Providing the opportunity for any one to publish useful information on

the web.

(v) Librarians may be involved with designing the structure of the site and

are likely to have responsibility for some of the general contacts. They

can provide page about library services. There may often be the

equivalent to the printed guides, to stock and services that have been

produced for many years but can be more readily updated and may be

extended.

In accepting internet resources as just another information medium

academic librarians are extending there skills to encompass it. They may

offer a current awareness service to teaching and research staff to inform them

of new web sites and discussion links.

They can apply established criteria to assessing the content of

information sources or the effectiveness of secondary services.

Library catalogues have been a accessible on the Internet for many

years but they are likely to become a one step access to local and internet

resources from a single terminal.

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Widespread access to the Internet has created new means of

communicating with users. In some cases internet technologies are use to

reproduce existing service in another medium such as online suggestion

boxes.

Access to the internet has greatly enhanced opportunities for

professional development and current awareness in academic libraries.

E-Books :- Today we have a type of books which is available on our computer

screen and there is no need to have it in physically from though if we want

then hard copy can be taken.

The term e-books defined broadly to include electronic reference

works, monographs and text books. They may be delivered via the web on a

hand held device.

While electronic books and texts have been available for sometime for

selected public domain, only relatively recently have electronic texts have

been packaged and offered commercially as electronic books.

Electronic books offer creative possibilities for expending access as

well as changing learning behavior and academic research the most important

feature of e-book that contact can always be accessible regardless of time or

place to be read of PCs or on portable book readers.

e-book have the advantage that they will never go out of print and new

additions can be easily created. The other useful features of e-books which

enhance their inability are full text searching changeable font size, marks up

citation creation and note taking print text can be integrated with multi

dimensional objects sound and film to create a whole new kind of

monographic work library user can search the whole book by keyword

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quickly and unlike the traditional index page keywords can be put together to

locate that prefect quote.

The current mindset is to replicate the print version of a book but future

development needs to recognize the potential scholarly significance of

increased integration of unless traditional media with text in e-books.

E-book content a should match any print version and include all its

elements text graphs and illustrations. Contents need to be reported from

access and manipulation features and needs to be transferable, in a non

proprietary fortnight into a variety of software and hardware readers, both to

offer readers an choice of additional features and to make it possible for

libraries to loan e-book content.

Currently there is no established standard for an interoperable e-book

format for commercially produced e-book that address published needs to

support commercial end-user distributors and that also enables added value for

the consent although publishers are creating books electronically, more often

than no text is created in a proprietary form that requires reformatting

scanning of the print version for adoption to individual vendors system.

To some a large and varied academic clientele and to build a strong

scholarly collection for long term access, electronic books must be provided in

a statement based format that includes

(i) Non proprietary software and hardware for interoperability of files

(ii) Identifiers

(iii) Metadata

(iv) ADA compliance

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The most promising standards are being developed by the open e-book

forum (OEB) as the open e-book publication structure, which would

ensure interoperability with both PC and portable reading devices.

A pragmatic factor in wing e-books is the case of reading and

using them, yet e-book hardware devices are still not quite practical or

cast effective enough to penetrate very deeply into the index text. A

variety of devices are being developed to replicate some of the virtues

of printed monographs including portability and network in dependence

so that e-books will function on a variety of platforms.

One of the most critical elements is the development of electronic

publishing that will incorporate libraries in valuable digital rights

management systems (DRMS). DRMS are either hardware or software

or both that on force control over intellectual property, such as limit by

user time free, and/or extent of content due to publishers concern about

rights. To date e-book vendors are normally able to offer only limited

usage rights for printing, down loading and copying, Normally inter

library loan is not allowed and class rooms use is not always allowed.

The degree of control e-book publishers choose to exercise over

the access, sharing and loaning of intellectual property will make e-

books either more or less compatible with the free flow of information

needed in the scholarly setting to support open & create, libraries will

need owner ship or first scale rights that allow perpetual access and

fair use such as class room use and the ability to loan the textual content

to other libraries. It will not be feasible to create a print copy of entire

monographs for interlibrary loan as is done for journal articles, without

vendibility, e-books become supplementary to any print version

required for archiving and interlibrary loan. When the market evolves to

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a print where a print version is not also available, libraries will need to

have the capability of learning and archiving e-books.

So that researchers can readily identify e-books libraries must be

able to integrate little with other formats in catalogs and integrated

library systems in standardized forms of bibliographic information and

in meta data such and other appropriate meta data will also be necessary

to integrate e-books into normal work flows of integrated library

systems for function such as order, payment cataloguing and

circulation.

Two of the roles of academic libraries are building research level

collections and acting as archives of research information vendors

working with libraries use a one copy one user model. The numbers of

simultaneous user for e-book titles will become on issue particularly in

consortial arrangements. Depending on the type of information being

purchased a single user may not be using the entire book text but only

querying a portion of it. A single chapter as an edited work may be

what is needed rather than entire values. Ways to accommodate partial

books use by simulate only using need to be factored it licensing.

Currently e-book vendor purchased models allow some

flexibility, such as a premium price for on-line access users, more

modest pricing for annual access to volumes of titles. In other

disciplines where long term research is external assurance proportional

access will be vita.

Some e-book venders are according individual user accounts to

track which title individual has checked out There individual accounts

on the vendors web site may infringe on privacy since it would be

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possible for vendors to report exactly what on individual has accessed

in the vendors system.

The business models of major e-books vendors so far claim a role

for libraries conduits to their customers but it is not clear that libraries

are fully considered a viable part of most marketing plans. At present

only a hand full of vendors are offering e-books to libraries-particularly

with academic contents.

E-books have added functionality over print versions. It may be

as varied as inclusion of multimedia information full text scratching,

mark-up citation formatting reference linking, convenience, portability,

incomparability on a variety of devices, availability in advance of print

advertisements pricing and the ability to share on loan information.

E-book have the potential to be valuable reference tool. Libraries

still at the front-line of exposing readers to a Book, libraries will need

to educate users on the benefits of e-books. The benefits to libraries

such as no late returns as damage cost are a bonus.

Bar code technology :- It has discussed that computers are being used in

libraries in areas like acquisition, technical processing circulation and

serial control. Information entered in computers should be accurate,

specific, fast and inexpensive this can be achieved by using bar coding

system for checkout and check in operations.

To transfer the accession number of the book in to the code

using specific software in known as bar coding the books.

Bar codes area series of black and white bans arranged in a pre-

defined form to represent known coded. Information. This code is read

by a device which cusses a bean of light whi