Muhammad Mohammed Battle of Tours in Spain More trade= more cultural diffusion from Middle East to Europe and China Ten commandments Bell Ringer What are the Codes of Conduct for Christians and Jews called? What is the MAJOR long term Effect of the Crusades? The Muslim advance was halted at what Battle? Who was the founder of Islam?
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Muhammad Mohammed Battle of Tours in Spain More trade= more cultural diffusion from Middle East to Europe and China Ten commandments Bell Ringer What are.
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Muhammad
Mohammed
Battle of Tours in Spain
More trade= more cultural diffusion from Middle East to Europe and China
1) “There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is His prophet”
2) Pray 5 times daily towards Mecca3) Charity for the poor
4) Fast during the month of Ramadan5) Pilgrimage (the Hajj)
No Icons
Muslims are forbidden to use human images in religious art. They do not even have a drawing or representation of Allah or Mohammed.
Some secular art depict Muslims praying and images of humans.
Instead of human figures Muslims use flowing calligraphy and geometric shapes
Important people
Caliph: Successor of Muhammad; leader of religious community
Imam: Leader of prayer
Muezzin: Caller to prayer
Spread of IslamAfter Muhammad's death Islamic leaders began spreading Islam through military conquest.
In under 100 years the Islamic empire spread from the Arabian peninsula to India, North Africa and Spain
Fast Spread
The Muslims were able to quickly take over for 3 main reasons:
1) Strong military2) Weak empires3) Faith
Strong MilitaryThe Muslims developed strong militaries with mounted warriors. Riding on camels and horses, the Muslims were able to take over the weak empires surrounding them.
The Muslims were highly Mobile- they move quickly
Weak Empires
The Persian and Byzantine empires were growing weak after many years of dominance.
The Muslims were able to quicklymove throughout the Mediterranean world
FaithMuhammad told his followers to spread their faith. Though he claimed it should be done without force. Many people freely converted to Islam
Warriors were also told that the Fallen would be guaranteed a place in paradise.
SchismSchism:
A permanent split within a religion
After Muhammad’s death there was a debate over who should lead the Muslims
Some believed it should be a descendant of Muhammad. Others believed the Islamic community should decide.
Which is the Majority?
Green: SunniBlue: Shiite
Sunni vs. ShiiteSunni Both Shiite
Caliph should be chosen by the community
Majority of Muslims: 90%
Monotheistic: Allah
Quran
Five Pillars
Caliph should be a descendant of Muhammad
Martyrs for their cause
Sharia LawOver time Islamic scholars and officials created Sharia Law. This law code was determined from the teachings of Muhammad and traditional beliefs.
Sharia law dictates moral conduct, family life, business rules, and government
Religious and secular together
West vs. ShariaSharia law is widely misunderstood by the West. Most Westerners are appalled by the acts of brutality carried out under Sharia Law. They are also shocked by the restrictions on women and children.
Ruling Dynasties
Abbassids 750-1258 CE
-Conquered Damascus and overthrew the Umayyad dynasty
-Reforms and strong central government brought in a Golden Age
Islam’s Golden AgeBlend of Persian, Egyptian, Arabic and European cultures
Cultural diffusion was sparked by trade. Muslim merchants were highly honored and build vast trading networks. As they traded Islam was spread, and all Muslims spoke Arabic, making trade easier
Goods would travel from the Arabian peninsula to the East and West
Arabic numerals Arabian Peninsula sugar
Islam Golden Age- Art/architecture
Art:-No human images- used geometric shapes -Flowing Arabic script written in calligraphy
Architecture:-Mosques are built with elaborate Domes and Spires
Islam Golden Age- Literature
Great poems and Epics were spread through generations orally. Over time many of these stories are written down. The most famous collection is One Thousand and One Nights
This collection includes Aladdin and Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves