Muhammad Bin Qasim presented by Habib Anwar

Name: Habib Anwar

CMS No: 16942

Faculty: Software Engineering

Teacher: Saif Ullah Tariq

Semester: 1st

Year: 2016

Assignment: (Presentation)

Mohammad Bin Qasem Author: Nasim Hijazi

About Author (Nasim Hijazi):

He was born on 19 May 1914 (A.D) in eastern

Punjab. He was great Urdu novel writer and his real

name was Muhammad Sharif . He passed his

matriculation in 1932 A.D . he worked as editor in

daily news paper “Tanzeem” and “Tameer” .

He was died in 1996 A.D. in Rawalpindi and

buried in Islamabad.

His Novels:

Muhammad Bin Qasim Insan aur Devta Aur talwar toot gaye Yusuf Bin Tashfin Khak aur Khoon Dastan Mujahid Pakistan se dayari Hram tak Sao sal baad Sufaid Jazera Moazam Ali

Akhri Ma`rika Qaisar-o- Kisra Qafla-i-Hijaz Shaheen Klesa aur Aag Andheri raat ke Muasafir Akhri Chatan Pardesi Darakht Gumshuda Qafla Sadaqat ke Talash

About Muhammad Bin Qasim:

Muhammad Bin Qasim (31 December, 695 - 18 July, 715) was the most youngest

General of the history who conquered the SINDH and PUNJAB regions along the

INDUS RIVER (now a part of Pakistan) at the age of seventeen (17) .He born in the

city of TAIF (Saudi Arabia) the conquest of Sindh and Punjab began the Islamic era

in South Asia and continuous to lend the Sindh province of Pakistan the nickname

Bab-e-Islam ( the Gate way of Islam).

Reason for attack on Sindh:

During those times, some Muslim traders living in Ceylon died and the ruler of Ceylon sent their widows and orphans back to Baghdad. They made their journey by sea with pilgrims. The King of Ceylon also sent many valuable presents for Walid and Hajjaj. As the eight-ship caravan passed by the seaport of Daibul, Hindu pirates looted it and took the women and children prisoner.

Reason for attack on Sindh: - Continued

When news of this attack reached Hajjaj, he demanded that Dahir return the Muslim captives and the looted items. Dahir replied that he had no control over the pirates and was, therefore, powerless to rebuke them. On this Hajjaj decided to undertake a huge offensive against Dahir, who was patronizing the pirates. 

Conquer of Muhammad Bin Qasim: When Muhammad bin Qasim began the invasion of Debal, the ruler of Sindh Raja Dahir was staying in his capital (Nawb Shah ) away. Dabal was in the charge of a governor with a garrison of four to six thousand Rajput soldiers and a few thousand Brahmans, and therefore Raja Dahir did not march to its defence immediately.

Conquer of Muhammad Bin Qasim: - Contined

All this while, the young invader was keeping in close contact with Hajjaj, So efficient was the communication system that letters were written every three days and replies were received in seven days,  When the siege of Debal had continued for some time a defector informed Muhammad bin Qasim about how the temple could be captured. At capital (Nawabshah) he was met by Dahir's forces and the eastern Jats in battle. Dahir died in the battle, his forces were defeated and a triumphant Muhammad bin Qasim took control of Sindh.

Military and Political Strategy:

The military strategy had been outlined by Hajjaj ibn Yousuf .When Muhammad bin Qasim invaded Sindh, Hajjaj arranged for special messengers between Basra and Sindh, and told the general(Muhammad Bin Qasim) never to take any step without his advice.

Military and Political Strategy: - ContinuedThis order was followed to the letter during the campaign. Hajjaj also wrote to the general (Muhammad Bin Qasim) that Engage in fight immediately, and ask for the help of Allah. If anyone of the people of Sindh ask for mercy grant them aman (safety and protection), whoever does not fight against us, permit them to build the temples of those they worship. No one is prohibited from, or punished for, following his own religion, and let no one prohibit it, so that these people may live happily in their homes.

End of Life:

Muhammad bin Qasim was known for his obedience to the ruler. Walid bin Abdul Malik died and was succeeded by his younger brother Suleman as the Caliph. Suleman was an enemy of Hajjaj and thus ordered Qasim back to the kingdom. Muhammad bin Qasim knew of the animosity between the two.

End of Life: - Continued

He was aware that due to this enmity, he would not be well treated. He could have easily refused to obey the Caliph's orders and declare his independence in Sindh. Yet he was of the view that obeying ones ruler is the duty of a general and thus he decided to go back to the center. His followers wept bitterly, warning him that he was going back to a certain death. We don’t know what he said in reply, if he said anything. We do know, however, that shortly afterwards,

End of Life: - Continued

he was put behind bars where he died at age of twenty in the prison of Wasit, just before he died he recited an Arabic couplet to the effect: “They wasted me at the prime of my youth, and what a youth they wasted: the one who was a defender of their borders.” He became a victim to party politics. Many historians believe that had he been given a few more years, he would have conquered the entire South Asian region.