M.Tech. Chemical Engineering...2013/09/11 · M.TECH. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013 – 2014 GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS) Accredited by NAAC with A Grade

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS

COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABI

M.TECH.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

2013 – 2014

GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)

Accredited by NAAC with A Grade with a CGPA of 3.47/4.00

Affiliated to JNTUK-Kakinada

MADHURAWADA, VISAKHAPATNAM – 530 048

VISION

To evolve into and sustain as a Centre of

Excellence in Technological Education

and Research with a holistic approach.

MISSION

To produce high quality engineering graduates

with the requisite theoretical and practical

knowledge and social awareness to be able to

contribute effectively to the progress of the

society through their chosen field of endeavor.

To undertake Research & Development, and

extension activities in the fields of Science and

Engineering in areas of relevance for immediate

application as well as for strengthening or

establishing fundamental knowledge.

F O R E W O R D

Two batches of students have successfully completed the M.Tech.

programme under autonomous status, which gave us a lot of satisfaction

and encouragement. In the light of changing scenario of accreditation

process globally, to upkeep the quality of education further, a major

revision in the curriculum has been taken up with an objective to provide

outcome based education.

As the college is getting funds under TEQIP-II, S.C.1.2 for up-scaling

P.G education and research, two more P.G programmes in the thrust

areas are being introduced from this academic year leading to a total of

13 programmes.

We could execute these changes only with the help of the commendable

academicians, enthusiastic representatives from Industry and support

from the representatives of affiliating University JNTU-K present in the

Boards of Studies, Academic Council and Governing Body.

It is hoped that the new regulations and curriculum will enhance the all-

round ability of students so that they can technically compete at global

level with native ethical standards.

PRINCIPAL

MEMBERS ON THE BOARD OF STUDIES

IN

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Prof. G. Prabhakar,

Professor in Chemical Engineering,

Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati - 517 502,

Dr. A. Srinivass Kumar,

Additional Director, N.S.T.L., Visakhapatnam.

Prof. V.S.R.K. Prasad,

Principal, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences,

Sangivalasa Village, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam.

Prof. C. Bhaskara Sarma,

Director, G.V.P. College of Engineering for Women,

Madhurawada, Visakhapatnam – 530 048.

Prof. K. Krishnaiah,

Department of Chemical Engg., Indian Institute of Technology Madras,

Chennai - 600 036.

Prof. P.S.T. Sai,

Department of Chemical Engg., Indian Institute of Technology Madras,

Chennai - 600 036.

Mr. P. Srikanth Karthik,

Process Engineer, Hydro Cracker, HPCL, Vizag Terminal,

Visakhapatnam.

All Faculty members of the Department

GVPCE(A) M.Tech. Chemical Engineering 2013

M.TECH. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS (Effective for the students admitted into first year from the Academic Year 2013 - 14)

The M.Tech. Degree of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University

Kakinada shall be recommended to be conferred on candidates who are

admitted to the program and fulfill all the following requirements for the

award of the Degree.

1.0 ELGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION:

Admission to the above program shall be made subject to the

eligibility, qualifications and specialization as per the guidelines

prescribed by the APSCHE and AICTE from time to time.

2.0 AWARD OF M.TECH. DEGREE:

a. A student shall be declared eligible for the award of the M.Tech.

degree, if he pursues a course of study and completes it

successfully for not less than two academic years and not more

than four academic years.

b. A student, who fails to fulfill all the academic requirements for

the award of the Degree within four academic years from the

year of his admission, shall forfeit his seat in M.Tech. Course.

c. The duration of each semester shall normally be 20 weeks with

5 days a week. A working day shall have 7 periods each of

50 minutes.

3.0 STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAMME:

*Elective 1

Semester No. of Courses per Semester Credits

Theory + Lab

I (5 +1*) + 1 20

II (5+1*) + 1 20

III Seminar 02

III, IV Project Work 40

TOTAL 82


4.0 ATTENDANCE:

The attendance shall be considered subject wise.

a. A candidate shall be deemed to have eligibility to write his end

semester examinations in a subject if he has put in at least 75%

of attendance in that subject.

b. Shortage of attendance up to 10% in any subject (i.e. 65% and

above and below 75%) may be condoned by a Committee on

genuine and valid reasons on representation by the candidate

with supporting evidence.

c. Shortage of attendance below 65% shall in no case be

condoned.

d. A student who gets less than 65% attendance in a maximum of

two subjects in any semester shall not be permitted to take the

end- semester examination in which he/she falls short. His/her

registration for those subjects will be treated as cancelled. The

student shall re-register and repeat those subjects as and when

they are offered next.

e. If a student gets less than 65% attendance in more than two

subjects in any semester he/she shall be detained and has to

repeat the entire semester.

5.0 EVALUATION:

The performance of the candidate in each semester shall be

evaluated subject-wise with 100 marks for each theory subject

and 100 marks for each practical, on the basis of Internal

Evaluation and External End -Semester Examination.

The question paper of the external end semester examination

shall be set externally and valued both internally and externally.

If the difference between the first and second valuations is less

than or equal to 9 marks, the better of the two valuations shall

be awarded. If the difference is more than 9 marks, the scripts

are referred to third valuation and the corresponding marks are

awarded.

a. A candidate shall be deemed to have secured the minimum

academic requirement in a subject if he secures a minimum of

40% of marks in the End Semester Examination and aggregate

minimum of 50% of the total marks of the End Semester

Examination and Internal Evaluation taken together. 2


b. For the theory subjects, 60 marks shall be awarded based on the

performance in the End Semester examination and 40 marks

shall be awarded based on the Internal Evaluation. One part of

the internal evaluation shall be made based on the average of the

marks secured in the two internal examinations of 30 marks

each conducted one in the middle of the Semester and the other

immediately after the completion of instruction. Each mid-term

examination shall be conducted for a duration of 120 minutes

with 4 questions without any choice. The remaining 10 marks

are awarded through an average of continuous evaluation of

assignments / seminars / any other method, as notified by the

teacher at the beginning of the semester.

c. For practical subjects, 50 marks shall be awarded based on the

performance in the End Semester Examinations, 50 marks shall

be awarded based on the day-to-day performance as Internal

marks. A candidate has to secure a minimum of 50% in the

external examination and has to secure a minimum of 50% on

the aggregate to be declared successful.

d. There shall be a seminar presentation during III semester. For

seminar, a student under the supervision of a faculty

member(advisor), shall collect the literature on a topic and

critically review the literature and submit it to the Department in

a report form and shall make an oral presentation before the

Departmental Committee. The Departmental Committee shall

consist of the Head of the Department, advisor and two other

senior faculty members of the department. For Seminar, there

will be only internal evaluation of 50 marks. A candidate has to

secure a minimum of 50% to be declared successful.

e. In case the candidate does not secure the minimum academic

requirement in any subject (as specified in 5.a to 5.c), he has to

reappear for the End Examination in that subject. A candidate

shall be given one chance to re-register for each subject

provided the internal marks secured by a candidate in that

subject is less than 50% and he has failed in the end

examination. In such a case, the candidate must re-register for

the subject (s). In the event of re-registration, the internal marks

and end examination marks obtained in the previous attempt are

nullified.

3


f. In case the candidate secures less than the required attendance

in any subject(s), he shall not be permitted to appear for the End

Examination in those subject(s). He shall re-register for the

subject(s) when they are next offered.

g. Laboratory examination for M.Tech. subjects must be

conducted with two Examiners, one of them being Laboratory

Class Teacher and second examiner shall be other than the

Laboratory Teacher.

6.0 EVALUATION OF PROJECT / DISSERTATION WORK:

Every candidate shall be required to submit the thesis or

dissertation after taking up a topic approved by the

Departmental Research Committee (DRC).

a. A Departmental Research Committee (DRC) shall be

constituted with the Head of the Department as the Chairman

and two senior faculty as Members to oversee the proceedings

of the project work from allotment of project topic to

submission of the thesis.

b. A Central Research Committee (CRC) shall be constituted with

a Senior Professor as Chair Person, Heads of the Departments

which are offering the M.Tech. programs and two other senior

faculty members from the same department.

c. Registration of Project Work: A candidate is permitted to

register for the project work after satisfying the attendance

requirement of all the subjects (theory and practical subjects.)

d. After satisfying 6.0 c, a candidate has to submit, in consultation

with his project supervisor, the title, objective and plan of action

of his project work to the DRC for its approval. Only after

obtaining the approval of DRC the student can initiate the

Project work.

e. If a candidate wishes to change his supervisor or topic of the

project he can do so with the approval of the DRC. However,

the Departmental Research Committee shall examine whether

the change of topic/supervisor leads to a major change in his

initial plans of project proposal. If so, his date of registration

for the Project work shall start from the date of change of

Supervisor or topic as the case may be whichever is earlier. 4


f. A candidate shall submit and present the status report in two

stages at least with a gap of 3 months between them after

satisfying 6.0 d. The DRC has to approve the status report, for

the candidate to proceed with the next stage of work.

g. The work on the project shall be initiated in the beginning of the

second year and the duration of the project is for two semesters.

A candidate shall be permitted to submit his dissertation only

after successful completion of all theory and practical subject

with the approval of CRC but not earlier than 40 weeks from the

date of registration of the project work. For the approval by

CRC the candidate shall submit the draft copy of the thesis to

the Principal through the concerned Head of the Department and

shall make an oral presentation before the CRC.

h. Three copies of the dissertation certified by the Supervisor shall

be submitted to the College after approval by the CRC.

i. For the purpose of adjudication of the dissertation, an external

examiner shall be selected by the Principal from a panel of 5

examiners who are experienced in that field proposed by the

Head of the Department in consultation with the supervisor.

j. The viva-voce examination shall be conducted by a board

consisting of the supervisor, Head of the Department and the

external examiner. The board shall jointly report the candidate‟s

work as:

A. Excellent

B. Good

C. Satisfactory

k. If the adjudication report is not favorable, the candidate shall

revise and resubmit the dissertation, in a time frame prescribed

by the CRC. If the adjudication report is unfavorable again, the

dissertation shall be summarily rejected and the candidate shall

change the topic of the Project and go through the entire process

afresh.

7.0 AWARD OF DEGREE AND CLASS :

A candidate shall be eligible for the degree if he satisfies the

minimum academic requirements in every subject and secures

satisfactory or higher grade report on his dissertation and viva-

voce. 5


After a student has satisfied the requirements prescribed for the

completion of the program and is eligible for the award of M.Tech.

Degree, he shall be placed in one of the following three classes.

% of Marks secured Class Awarded

70% and above First Class with Distinction

60% and above but less than 70% First Class

50% and above but less than 60% Second Class

The grade of the dissertation shall be mentioned in the marks

memorandum.

8.0 WITHHOLDING OF RESULTS:

If the candidate has not paid any dues to the college or if any case

of indiscipline is pending against him, the result of the candidate

shall be withheld and he will not be allowed into the next higher

semester. The recommendation for the issue of the degree shall be

liable to be withheld in all such cases.

9.0 TRANSITORY REGULATIONS:

a. A candidate who has discontinued or has been detained for

want of attendance or who has failed after having studied the

subject is eligible for admission to the same or equivalent

subject(s) as and when subject(s) is/are offered, subject to 4.0

d, e and 2.0.

b. Credit equivalences shall be drawn for the students re-

admitted into 2013 regulations from the earlier regulations. A

Student has to register for the substitute / compulsory / pre-

requisite subjects identified by the respective Boards of

Studies.

c. The student has to register for substitute subjects, attend the

classes and qualify in examination and earn the credits.

d. The student has to register for compulsory subjects, attend

the classes and qualify in examination.

e. The student has to register for the pre-requisite courses,

attend the classes for which the evaluation is totally internal.

6


10.0 GENERAL

1. The academic regulations should be read as a whole for

purpose of any interpretation.

2. In case of any doubt or ambiguity in the interpretation of the

above rules, the decision of the Chairman, Academic

Council is final.

3. The College may change or amend the academic regulations

and syllabus at any time and the changes amendments made

shall be applicable to all the students with effect from the

date notified by the College.

4. Wherever the word he, him or his occur, it will also include

she, hers.

******

7


COURSE STRUCTURE

SEMESTER – I

Course

Code

Theory / Lab L P C

13CH2101 Applied Numerical Methods 4 - 3

13CH2102 Advanced Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 4 - 3

13CH2103 Transport Phenomena 4 - 3

13CH2104 Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design 4 - 3

13CH2105 Chemical Process Safety 4 - 3

13CH2106

13CH2107

13CH2108

Elective – I

1. Petroleum Refining: Characterization,

Analysis and Separation

2. Air Pollution Control

3. Process Modeling and Simulation

4 - 3

13CH2109 MATLAB and PRO-II applications in

Chemical Engineering

- 3 2

TOTAL 24 3 20

SEMESTER – II

Course

Code

Theory / Lab L P C

13CH2110 Separation Processes 4 - 3

13CH2111 Finite Difference Methods in Heat and Fluid Flow 4 - 3

13CH2112 Advanced Process Control 4 - 3

13CH2113 Energy Production, Conservation and Management 4 - 3

13CH2114

13CH2115

13CH2116

Elective – II

1. Petroleum Refining: Catalytic Processes

2. Water and Wastewater Treatment

3. Optimization in Chemical Processes

4 - 3

13CH2117

13CH2118

13CH2119

Elective – III

1. Petrochemical Products

2. Solid Waste Management

3. Chemical Process and Equipment Design

4 - 3

13CH2120 Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab - 3 2

TOTAL 24 3 20

8


SEMESTER – III

Course Code SEMINAR/ PROJECT WORK CREDITS

13CH2121 SEMINAR 2

13CH2122 PROJECT WORK (Contd..) -

SEMESTER – IV

Course code PROJECT WORK CREDITS

13CH2122 PROJECT WORK 40

9


APPLIED NUMERICAL METHODS

Course Code: 13CH2101 L P C

4 0 3

PREREQUISITES: The student should have knowledge of linear and

non linear algebraic equations, differential equations and interpolation.

Course Educational objectives: This course introduces the student to

the following aspects

1. Solving nonlinear algebraic equations by numerical methods

2. Regression analysis

3. Lagrangian interpolation and Pade‟s approximations

4. Solving Ordinary differential equations-Initial value and boundary

value problems by numerical methods

5. Solving differential equations by orthogonal collocation.

Course outcomes: After studying the course the student will be able to

1. Solve nonlinear algebraic equations

2. Solve differential equations

3. Apply the numerical techniques to solve the usual chemical

engineering problems

UNIT-I Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Multivariable Newton-Raphson

Technique.

Regression Analysis: Lagrangian Interpolation, Pade approximations

UNIT-II

Ordinary Differential Equations-Initial Value Problems (ODE-IVPs):

Runge-Kutta fourth order method.

Ordinary Differential Equations-Boundary Value Problems (ODE-

BVPs): Shooting Techniques.

UNIT-III Orthogonal Collocation: To solve BVP problems like Tubular reactor

with axial diffusion, calculating effectiveness factor for a spherical

catalyst particle, fin effectiveness. 10


UNIT-IV Orthogonal Collocation on Finite Elements: Tubular reactor with axial

diffusion, calculating effectiveness factor for a spherical catalyst

particle, fin effectiveness.

UNIT-V

Orthogonal Collocation to solve Partial Differential Equations like

tubular reactor with radial diffusion

TEXTBOOK:

1. Gupta S.K, “Numerical Methods in Engineering”, 2nd

Edition,

New Age International Limited, New Delhi, 2010.

REFERENCES:

1. Mark.E.Davis, “Numerical Methods and Modeling for Chemical

Engineers”, 1st Ed, Willey, 84.

*****

11


ADVANCED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

THERMODYNAMICS


4 0 3

REREQUISITES: The student should have a basic

knowledge of phase and solution thermodynamics.

Course Educational Objectives: Chemical engineers handle

Multicomponent mixtures in all chemical equipment. In this course the

student shall formulate the phase equilibria for single and multiple

component non ideal systems.

Course Objectives: After completion of the course the student will be

able to

1) Formulate the phase equilibria problem for single and

Multicomponent mixtures.

2) Handle vapor - liquid, liquid - liquid equilibria.

3) Formulate a rigorous non ideal solution theory to handle non ideality

of mixtures.

UNIT-I

Classic Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria:

Homogeneous Closed Systems, Homogeneous Open Systems,

Equilibrium in a Heterogeneous Closed System, The Gibbus-Duhem

Equation, The Phase Rule, The Chemical Potential, Fugacity and

Activity, A Simple Application: Raoult‟s Law

Thermodynamics Properties from Volumetric Data:

Thermodynamic Properties with Independent Variables P and T,

Fugacity of a Component in a Mixture at Moderate Pressures, Fugacity

of a Pure Liquid or Solid, Thermodynamic Properties with Independent

Variables V and T, Fugacity of a Component in a Mixture According to

vander Waals‟ Equation, Phase Equilibria from Volumetric Properties,

References, Problems.

12


UNIT-II

Fugacities in Gas Mixtures:

The Lewis Fugacity Rule, The Virial Equation of State, Extension to

Mixtures, Fugacites from the Virial Equation, Calculation of Virial

Coefficients from Potential Functions, virial Coefficients from

Corresponding-States Correlations, The „Chemical” Interpretation of

Deviations from Gas-Phase Ideality, Strong Dimerization: Carboxylic

Acids, Weak Dimerization and Second Virial Coefficients, Fugacities at

High Denstites, Solubilities of Solids and Liquids in Compressed Gases.

UNIT-III

Fugacities in Liquid Mixtures: Excess Functions:

The Ideal Solution, Fundamental Relations of Excess Functions,

Activity and Activity Coefficients, Normalization of Activity

Coefficients, Activity Coefficients from Excess Functions in Binary

Mixtures, Activity Coefficients for One Component from Those of the

Other components, Partial Pressures From Isothermal Total-Pressure

Data, Testing Equilibrium Data for Thermodynamic Consistency,

Wohl‟s Expansion for the Excess Gibbs Energy, Wilson, NRTL, and

UNIQUAC Equations, Excess Functions and Partial Miscibility, Upper

and Lower Consolute Temperatures.

UNIT-IV

Fugacities in Liquid Mixtures: Models and Theories of Solutions

The Theory of van Laar, The Scatchard-Hildebrand Theory, Excess

Functions From an Equation of State, the lattice Model, Activity

Coefficients from Group-Contribution Methods, Chemical Theory,

Activity Coefficients in Associated Solutions, Associated Solutions

With Physical Interactions, Activity coefficients in solvated solutions,

Solutions Containing Two(or More) Complexes, Distribution of a Solute

between Two Immiscible Solvents.

UNIT-V

Solubilities of Gases in Liquids:

The Ideal Solubility of a Gas, Henry‟s Law and Its Thermodynamic

Significance, Effect of Pressure on Gas Solubility, Effect of

Temperature on Gas Solubility, Estimation of Gas Solubility, Gas

Solubility in Mixed Solvents, Chemical Effects on Gas Solubility

13


TEXTBOOK:

1. Prausnitz J.M, Lichtenthaler R.N, Edmundo Gomes de Azevedo

“Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid Phase Equilibria”, 3rd

Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998.

REFERENCE:

1. Sandler S.I, “Chemical, Biochemical and Engineering

Thermodynamics”, 4th

Edition, Wiley Student Edition, 2006.

*****

14


TRANSPORT PHENOMENA


4 0 3

PREREQUISITES: The student should have knowledge of how to

formulate differential equations relating to mass, momentum and heat

transfer.

Course Educational Objectives: This course introduces the student the

following aspects.

1. Present the fundamental equations.

2. Understand the analogy between momentum, mass and energy

transport.

3. Concept of shell balances.

4. Equation of change for isothermal and non-isothermal systems and

multi-component mixtures.

Course Outcomes: After completion of this course the student would be

able to

1. Apply the fundamental equations to solve various chemical

engineering problems.

2. Develop expressions for velocity, temperature and concentration

profiles using shell balances.

3. Apply equations of change to solve flow problems.

Introduction:

Review of mathematics: Scalars, Vectors, Tensors, divergence, relation

between rectangular coordinates and cylindrical coordinates, relation

between rectangular coordinates and spherical coordinates, partial

derivative, substantial derivative, total derivative, line integral, surface

integral, integral theorems, frames of reference (Eulerian and

Lagrangian).

UNIT-I The equations of change for isothermal flow: Equations of continuity,

equation of motion, the equation of mechanical energy, application of

Navier-Stokes equation to solve problems like falling film, flow in a

tube, shape and surface of a rotating fluid.

Velocity distribution with more than one independent variable like flow

over a plate set in motion, unsteady flow between plates, and laminar

flow over a flat plate. 15


UNIT-II

The equations of change for non-isothermal flow: Equations of energy,

the energy equation in curvilinear coordinates, use of equations of

change to set up steady state heat transfer problems, steady state forced

and free convection, flow with viscous dissipation, free convection heat

transfer over a vertical plate.

Temperature distribution with more than one independent variable:

heating of a semi infinite slab and finite slab, cooling of a sphere in

contact with a fluid, laminar tube flow with constant heat flux at the

wall.

UNIT-III

The equations of change for multi component systems: The equations of

continuity for a binary mixture, the equation of continuity of a in

curvilinear coordinates, the multicomponent equations of change in

terms of the flows, the multicomponent fluxes in terms of the transport

properties, use of equations of change to setup diffusion problems and

solve like simultaneous heat and mass transfer, concentration profile in a

tubular reactor, catalytic oxidation of CO.

UNIT-IV

Setting up and solving problems like: Diffusion with heterogeneous

reaction, gas absorption with chemical reaction, diffusion in a falling

film, diffusion and reaction in a spherical catalyst particle.

UNIT-V

Turbulent flow: Introduction, fluctuations and time smoothened

equations for velocity, time smoothing of equation of change, Reynolds

stresses.

TEXTBOOK:

1. Bird R.B, Stewart W.E and Lightfoot E.N., “Transport

Phenomena” Wiley international Edition, New York, 2002.

REFERENCE: 1. Welty J.R, Wicks C.E, Wilson R.E, “Fundamental of Momentum,

Heat and Mass Transfer”, 4th

Edition, John Wiley, 2009.

*****

16


CHEMICAL REACTOR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN


4 0 3

PREREQUISITES: The student should have knowledge

of chemical reaction engineering.

Course Educational Objectives:

This course introduces the student the following aspects

1. Understanding how chemical reactors are modeled and designed.

2. Writing and formulating the equation.

3. Parameter models for modeling of Non-ideal flow reacting

vessels.

4. Catalysis, Catalytic & Non-catalytic vacation.

5. Design of fluid- solid reactors.

Course Outcomes:

After Completion of their course the student would be able to

1. Diagnose reactor ills like stagnant zones & bypassing.

2. Calculate Volumes & bypassing flow rates.

3. Synthesize a rate law given the rate controlling step.

4. Find the weight of catalyst needed in design of packed bed reactor

UNIT-I

Models for Non-Ideal flow Reactors: Two- parameter models- Real

CSTR modeled using bypass and dead space, real CSTR modeled as two

CSTR interchange, testing a model and determining its parameters.

Mixing of fluids: Zero parameter models-Segregation model, and

qualitative concept of Maximum Mixedness model.

UNIT-II

Fluid-Particle reactions–Design: Various types of contacting in gas-solid

operations; Development of performance equation for frequently met

contacting pattern assuming uniform gas composition- Particles of a

single size, plug flow of solids, Mixture of particles of different but

unchanging sizes, plug flow of solids, Mixed flow of particles of a single

unchanging size, Mixed flow of a size mixture of particles of

unchanging size. Application to a fluidized bed with entrainment of solid

fines.

17


UNIT-III

Fluid-Fluid Reactions- design: Factors to consider in selecting a gas

liquid contactor, Straight mass Transfer: Plug flow G/Plug flow L –

counter current flow in a tower. Mass transfer plus not very slow

reaction: Plug flow G/Plug flow L – mass transfer and reaction in a

countercurrent tower. Plug flow G/Plug flow L – mass transfer in a

cocurrent tower.

UNIT-IV

Catalysis and catalytic reactors: Design of reactors for gas-solid

reactions. Heterogeneous data analysis for reactor design; catalyst

deactivation–Types of Deactivation, Moving bed Reactors.

External diffusion effects on heterogeneous reactions- External

resistance to mass Transfer: Mass transfer coefficient, mass transfer to a

single particle, mass transfer limited reactions in packed beds.

Diffusion and reaction in porous catalysts- Diffusion and reaction in

spherical Catalyst pellets, Internal effectiveness factor, Falsified

kinetics, Overall effectiveness factor

UNIT-V

Non- isothermal reactor design- energy balance, non- isothermal

adiabatic, CSTR, PFR, Flow, reactors at steady state, equilibrium

conversion; multiple steady states- ignition- extinction curve.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Froment G, Bischoff K and De Wilde J, “Chemical Reactor

Analysis and Design”, 3rd

Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2011

REFERENCE:

1. Fogler, H.S., “Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering”,

4th

Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1986.

2. Levenspiel, O., “Chemical Reaction Engineering”, 3rd

Edition,

John Wiley and Sons, 2007.

******* 18


CHEMICAL PROCESS SAFETY


4 0 3


After the study of the subject students will be able to apply safety

practices in any chemical industry.

1. They will be able to design suitable equipment with safety

standards

Course Outcomes:

1. After learning the subject, students will be able to know about all

the safety requirements of chemical industry in general.

2. They will be able to apply their knowledge to any specific

chemical industry to maintain safe environment.

3. They will be able to correct any hazardous situation to prevent

accidents.

UNIT-I

Introduction: Importance of process safety with examples of major

accidents; which might cover chemical, petroleum & petroleum

chemical Industrial

Process Hazards: Temperature & Pressure flow, level deviation on

process Hazard, such as explosions, Toxic release, fires, rupture.

Ignition Sources: Flames, Hot surfaces, static electricity, and the like

Explosions: Confined & Unconfined explosions, BLEVES, Dust

Explosions.

UNIT-II

Material Hazards: Flammability: Flammability Characteristics of

Liquid and Vapour, Dependence on Temperature estimation of

Flammability, Flammability diagram.

Toxicity: Toxicology- How toxicants enter biological organisms,

elimation by biological organisms, effect of toxicants on biological

organism, Brief Toxilogical study, Threshold limit values, Permissible

exposure limits, Reaction Hazards.

19


Burning Characteristics: Flash Point, Fire Point Auto ignitions,

Temperature LFL, UFL, Flash point determination, Material Properties

of Benzene, ethyl alcohol, Ethyl Alcohol, Ethylene Oxide, Caprolactam,

Acetone, Acetic Acid, Phenol, Acrylonitrile, Polyprolene, Ploy Vinyl

Chloride, Gasoline and Hazards.

UNIT-III

Hazard Analysis: Check – lists, fault trees, cause – consequence

diagrams, HAZOP and other methods of study. Dow procedures for

safety assessment.

Safety Devices: Relief valves and Rupture disks Explosive relief, flare

systems

UNIT-IV

Design to Prevent Fire & Explosions: Inerting, Control of Static

Electricity ventilation, explosion proof equipment and instruments,

Sprinkler systems, miscellaneous design features for preventing fires and

explosions

UNIT-V

Emergency Preparedness and Planning: Typical emergency Plan, On-

Site and Off Site Plans, Emergency Control Programme, Individual

responsibility during emergency.

TEXTBOOKS: 1. Dainel A. Crowe and Louvar J.F, “Chemical process Safety”

PHI Series, 2002.

2. Sanders R Q, “Chemical process safety”, PHI, Elsevier science,

2004.

REFERENCES

1. Dawande S.D, “Chemical Hazards and Safety”, Denette & Co,

2007.

******

20


PETROLEUM REFINING: CHARACTERIZATION,

ANALYSIS AND SEPARATION

(Elective-1)


4 0 3


This course introduces

1) History of petroleum

2) The panorama of petroleum refining industries in India and the

World.

3) Operations involved in petroleum refining.

Course Outcomes:

After completion of the course the student will be able to

1) Do characterization and analysis of products obtained from

petroleum refining

2) Learn the fractionation of petroleum.

3) Understand the treatment techniques of petroleum fractions.

UNIT-I

Past present scenario in petroleum refining Industry in India and World.

Origin and formation of petroleum. Composition of petroleum products.

UNIT-II

Characterization of crude, TAN Number, API Gravity, UOPK factor.

Characterization of gasoline, diesel, Kerosene, Aviation Turbine fuel

(ATF), Bitumen, Thermal properties of petroleum fractions.

UNIT-III

Dehydration and desalting of crudes. Crude pipe still heater. Design of

atmospheric distillation column and vacuum distillation column. Various

distillation products and their relation to composition.

UNIT-IV

Impurities in crude and petroleum products, treatment of LPG, gasoline,

kerosene and lubes.

21


UNIT-V

Thermal conversion processes visbreaking and delayed coking

Future fuels: Alternative fuels, Bio fuels, fuel cell Science and

Technology.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Baskara Rao B.K, “Modern Petroleum Refining Processes”, 4th

Edition, Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. Pvt.Ltd. 2002.

2. Baskara Rao B.K, “A Text on Petrochemicals”, Khanna Publishers,

2002.

REFERENCES:

1. Nelson W.L, “Petroleum Refinery Engineering”, McGraw Hill,

New York 1961.

2. Hengstebeck R.J, “Petroleum Refining”, McGraw Hill, New York

1959.

3. Steiner H, Pergamon, “Introduction to petroleum Chemical

Industry”, London, 1961.

4. Sern V.Y, Pergamon, “Gas phase oxidation”, London, 1964.

5. Waddams A.L., “Chemicals from Petroleum”, 4 Rev Ed, John

MurrayPub. 1978.

6. KNIEL, WINTER & STOCK “Ethylene Derivatives”, Marcell

DekkerPublishers.

7. Sinha N K, “Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical”, Umesh Pub.

2003.

8. Sharma B.K., “Fuels and Petroleum Processing”, Goel Pub.

House, 1998.

***** 22


AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

(Elective-I)


4 0 3


This course helps the student in understanding the following aspects

1) Sources and Classification and Air Pollutants

2) Effects of different air pollutants on environment.

3) Air sampling measurement and controlling techniques of air

pollutants.

Course Outcomes:

After completion of this course the student would be able to

1) Understand the need to control air pollutants

2) Apply different methods of pollution control and reduce the

level of pollutant intensity in atmosphere.

3) Measure and analyze the air pollutants concentration in the

atmosphere.

UNIT-I

Air Pollution: Introduction, Sources and Classification of Air

Pollutants, Meteorology and Air Pollution, Industrial Plant Location and

City Planning.

UNIT-II

Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health, Effects of Air Pollution on

Animals, Effects of Air Pollution on Plants, Economic Effects of Air

Pollution.

UNIT-III

Air Pollution Sampling and Measurement: Types of Pollutant

Sampling and Measurement, Ambient Air Sampling, Stack Sampling,

Analysis of Air Pollutants.

23


UNIT-IV

Air Pollution Control Methods and Equipment: Control Methods,

Source Correction Methods, Cleaning of Gaseous Effluents, Particulate

Emission Control, Selection of a Particulate Collector, Control of

Gaseous Emissions.

UNIT-V

Control of Specific Gaseous Pollutants: Control of Sulphur Dioxide

Emission, Control of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide Control,

Control of Hydrocarbons, Mobile Sources, Air Quality and Emission

Standards.

TEXT BOOKS :

1. M.N.Rao, H.V.N. Rao, “Air Pollution” Tata McGraw Hill Education

Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.

2. C.S. Rao, “Environmental Pollution Control Engineering”, 2nd

Edition, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi, 2006.

REFERENCES:

1. Mahajan S.P, “Pollution Control in Process Industries”, Tata

McGraw Hill Education Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.

2. Murali Krishna K.V.S.G., “Air Pollution and Control”, Kaushal Co,

Environmental Protection Society, Kakinada, India, 1995.

*****

24


PROCESS MODELING AND SIMULATION

(Elective-I)


4 0 3

PREREQUISITES: The student should have knowledge of how to

formulate differential equations in mass, momentum and heat transfer.


This course teach the student

1. How to develop mathematical model for lumped and distributed

parameter system

2. The concept of multiple steady stats and their stability.

3. The basic principle of dynamic optimization.

Course outcomes:

After completion of this course the student would be able to

1. Setup the model for lumped and distributed systems and solve them.

2. Understand the importance of multiple steady stats.

3. Apply the concepts of dynamic optimization to chemical engineering

processes.

UNIT-I

Mathematical models for chemical engineering systems: fundamentals,

introduction to fundamental laws. Examples of mathematical models of

chemical engineering systems, constant hold up CSTRs, Gas

pressurized CSTR, non-isothermal CSTR.

Classification of mathematical models, static and dynamic models, the

complete mathematical model, Boundary conditions.

UNIT-II

Examples of single component vaporizer, Batch reactor, reactor with

mass transfer, ideal binary distillation column, batch distillation with

hold up.

25


Distributed parameter systems classification of partial differential

equation.

Development of the mathematical models for

a) Tubular non-isothermal reactor.

b) Double pipe heat exchange.

UNIT-III

Solution strategies for distillated parameter systems

a) Finite difference methods: Explicit method, Crank Nicholson

methods applied for a parabolic Equation in one dimension and tow

dimension.

b) Finite difference method applied to Elliptic equation.

c) Orthogonal collocation method applied to a two dimensional non-

isothermal packed bed reactor operation at steady state with radial

dispersion.

UNIT-IV

Multiple steady states: Definition of multiple states Examples

illustration multiple steady states in CSTR, bioreactor, Lorenz

equations.

Stability of the steady states. Definition of steady state. Evaluation the

steady state for a CSTR, bioreactor and Lorenz equation.

UNIT-V

Introduction to dynamic optimization: theory of the Pontryagins

maximum principal, application of dynamic optimization to a Batch

reactor problem with a reaction

A B C to maximize the concentration of B at the end of a fixed

batch time.

TEXTBOOK: 1. Luyben W, “Process Modeling, Simulation and Control for

Chemical Engineers”, McGraw Hill, New York, 1990.

REFERENCE:

1. Babu B.V, “Process Plant Simulation”, Oxford University Press,

2001

********** 26


MATLAB AND PRO-II APPLICATIONS IN CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING


0 3 2

The source code in the form of m file should be attached with the results.

1) Simulation of a boundary value problem: Tubular reactor with

axial diffusion.

2) Simulation of a delay differential equation: CSTR with recycle.

3) Control system design for a non Isothermal CSTR.

4) Dynamics of a bioreactor exhibiting multiple steady states.

5) Non linear regression: fitting a catalytic rate model.

6) Dynamics of a binary distillation column.

7) Dynamics of a reactor separator coupled networks.

8) Non Linear regression using Genetic Algorithms.

9) Constrained optimization problem using general MATLAB:

Optimization of the dimensions of a fin.

10) Constrained optimization using Genetic Algorithms.

11) Simulation of a catalytic fluidized bed.

12) Simulation of a Propane-Propylene splitter distillation column.

13) Simulating distillation column with side trays, multi feed

column, interstage heaters and non ideal trays.

14) Absorbers design.

15) Absorbers with reboilers and condensers simulation.

16) Simulation of LLE columns.

17) Simulating interconnected distillation columns.

18) Carrying out case studies in PRO II.

19) Overwriting the databank by regressing VLE obtained from

experimental data.

20) Simulating a Pressure Swing Distillation column.

21) Tray sizing.

*******

27


SEPARATION PROCESSES

Course Code : 13CH2110 L P C

4 0 3


of mass transfer operations.


This Course introduces

1. Student the advanced mass transfer operations.

2. Equilibrium and rate based separation processes.

Course Outcomes:

After reading this course the student would be able to

1. Do thermodynamic analysis of any process.

2. Apply Rate based models.

3. Able to analyze and design any equipment for separation

UNIT-I

Characteristics of separation processes: Mass and energy agents,

equilibrium processes and rate-governed processes. Selection of

separation processes- Factors influencing the choice of a separation

process, Degrees of freedom analysis for an absorber, two product

distillation column, Patterns of change in concentrations and temperature

distribution along the columns for binary and multicomponent

multistage separations.

Thermodynamic analysis of processes: concept of availability and lost

work, calculations on lost work for a simple two product distillation

column.

UNIT-II

MESH models for computer solution (only teach how the equations are

arranged to ease a computer solution, no simulation). Heat integrated

and divided wall distillation columns to minimize energy consumption.

28


UNIT-III

Azeotropic distillation, extractive distillation and pressure swing

distillation. How to select entrainers for azeotropic and extractive

distillation. Industrial applications of these distillation techniques.

Residue Curve Maps: Introduction, explaining the concepts using

ternary diagrams, direct and indirect splits, distillation boundaries,

identifying feasible and infeasible products in distillations, and their use

in selecting entrainers for distillation.

UNIT-IV

Reactive Distillation: Introduction, industrial applications and

mathematical model development (only the model development no

simulation).

Batch distillation: Introduction, industrial applications and mathematical

model development assuming Fenske assumption (only the model

development no simulation).

UNIT-V Rate based separation processes: Introduction, applications and

mathematical model development (only the model development no

simulation).

Introduction of adsorbers, Cryogenic separations, Supercritical fluid

extraction, chromatographic separations, Membrane separations

(qualitative treatment only), Membrane Reactors.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Judson King C, “Separation process”, McGraw Hill, 1982.

2. Sieder J and Henley E.J “ Separation Processes Design”, Wiley

Publishers, 1998

REFERENCES 1. Perry “Chemical Engineering Handbook”, 7

th Edition, McGraw Hill,

1999.

2. Mulder M.H.V, “Membrane Separations”, Springer Publications,

2007.

*******

29


FINITE DIFFERENCE METHODS IN HEAT AND

FLUID FLOW


4 0 3

PREREQUISITES: The student should have knowledge of differential

equations related to heat and momentum transfer.


1. To give introduction on finite difference, FEM and FVM

2. To understand the numerical problems on fluid flow and heat

transfer related problems.

3. To Learn steady and unsteady state diffusive, and Diffusive -

convective systems using FD method

Course Outcomes: After completion of the course the student would be

able to

1. Understand what is Finite Difference, Finite element, Finite

volume methods.

2. Solve the numerical problems on fluid flow and heat transfer

related problems.

UNIT-I

Basic Relations: Classification of Second – order Partial differential

Equations, Parabolic systems, Elliptic systems, Hyperbolic systems,

Systems of equations, Boundary conditions, Uniqueness of the solution.

Discrete Approximation of Derivatives:

Taylor Series formulation, Finite difference operators, Control- Volume

Approach, Application of control –Volume Approach, Errors involved

in numerical solution.

UNIT-II One- Dimensional Parabolic systems:

Simple Explicit Method, Simple Implicit Method, Crank- Nicolson

Method, Combined Method, Three- Time-Level Method, Cylindrical

and Spherical Symmetry, A summary of Finite –Difference Schemes.

Multidimensional Parabolic Systems:

Simple Explicit Method (i) Two Dimensional diffusion (ii) Two-

dimensional steady laminar boundary layer flow (iii) One- Dimensional

Transient convection- diffusion (iv) Two- Dimensional transient

convection- diffusion, Combined Method (i) Three-dimensional

diffusion (ii) One-dimensional transient convection and diffusion,

30


Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method, Alternating Direction

Explicit (ADE) Method (i) One Dimensional diffusion (ii) Two

dimensional diffusion, Modified Upwind Method : Transient Forced

convection inside ducts for step change in fluid inlet temperature,

Upwind method for free convection over a vertical plate.

UNIT-III

Elliptic systems: Steady –State diffusion, Velocity field for

incompressible, Constant property, Two dimensional Flow, Temperature

field in incompressible, constant property Two –dimensional Flow.

Hyperbolic System: Hyperbolic convection (Wave) equation,

Hyperbolic Heat conduction equation, System of Vector equations.

UNIT-IV Phase Change Problems: Mathematical formulation of phase change

problems, Variable Time step approach for single–phase solidification,

Variable Time step approach for two – phase solidification, Enthalpy

Methods.

UNIT-V Numerical Grid Generation: Coordinate Transformation relation,

Basic ideas in simple transformations, Basic ideas in numerical grid

generation and mapping, Boundary value problem of numerical grid

generation, Finite difference representation of Boundary value problem

of numerical grid generation, Steady state Heat conduction in irregular

geometry, Laminar free –convection in irregular enclosures.

TEXTBOOK:

1. Ozisik M.N, “Finite Difference Method in Heat Transfer”, CRC

Press, 1994.

REFERENCE:

1. Anderson D.A, Tannehill JC, Pletcher RH, “Computational Fluid

Mechanics and Heat Transfer” McGrawHill, 1984.

******

31


ADVANCED PROCESS CONTROL


4 0 3


of basics of control system and Laplace transforms.

Course Educational Objectives: This course enables the student

1. To design a controller to a single input single output and multi input

and multi output plant.

2. Be able to understand the limitations of a controller design.


able to

1. Design a controller using advanced controller methods.

2. Understand the effect of model uncertainty in controller design.

UNIT-I

Review of single input single out put (SISO) systems, Routh stability

criteria. Frequency Response Analysis: Bode and Nyquist plots, effect of

process parameters on Bode and Nyquist plots, closed loop stability

concepts, Bode and Nyquist Stability.

UNIT-II

Internal Model control: Introduction to model based control, practical

openloop controller design, generalization of the open-loop control

design procedure, model uncertainty and disturbances. The IMC

structure, IMC design procedure, effect of model uncertainty and

disturbances. IMC in context of PID controller.

UNIT-III

Control-loop Interaction: Introduction, Motivation, the general pairing

problem, the relative gain array, properties and application of the RGA.

Multivariable Right Half Plane (RHP) Zeros and their performance

limitations, Design of ideal Decouplers.

32


UNIT-IV

Model Predictive Control: Models forms of model predictive control,

constrained and unconstrained approach, analysis of dynamic matrix

control.

UNIT-V

State space and transfer function representation and their

interrelationships. Sampling and Z-transforms, Open loop and closed

loop response.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Wayne Bequette B., “Process control: Modeling, Design and

simulation”, PHI, 2003.

2 Stephanopoulos,“Chemical Process Control: An Introduction to

theory&Practices”,PHI,2010

REFERENCES:

1. Ogunnaike, B,. Ray W H, “Process Dynamics, Modeling and

Control”, Oxford University Press, 1994.

2. Seborg D.E. and Edgar T.F., Mellichamp D.A “Process Dynamics

and control”, Wiley, 2006.

******

33


ENERGY PRODUCTION, CONSERVATION AND

MANAGEMENT


4 0 3

Course Educational Objectives: This course introduces to the student

1. To understand the energy conservation and managing the energy

more efficiently.

2. The concept of energy production from various energy resources.


able to

1. To implement the more energy efficient devices.

2. Understands the conservation techniques and will be applied

commercially to save energy.

3. Understands how to manage energy and apply it more efficiently.

UNIT- I

Energy and Energy Types: Energy; Energy Types: Primary Energy, Secondary Energy; Non

Renewable Energy Sources: Coal, Petroleum (Crude Oil), Petroleum

Fractions, Natural Gas, Nuclear Energy; Heating Value of Fuels: Energy

Density; Renewable Energy Resources: Hydro energy, Solar Energy,

Biomass and Bioenergy, Wind Energy, Geothermal Energy, Ocean

Energy, Projection on Renewable Energy Contributions; Hydrogen;

Chemical Energy; Energy and Global Warming, Tackling the global

warming; Natural Gas: Introduction Natural Gas as A fuel, New

Frontiers for the Gas Industry.

UNIT-II

Energy Production: Energy Production, Electric Power Production, transmission of Energy,

Distributed Energy Resources, Power Producing Engine Cycles: Carnot

Cycle, Rankine Cycle, Brayton Cycle, Stirling Engine, Combined

Cycles; Improving the Power Production in Steam Power Plants:

Modification of Operating Conditions of the Condenser and Boiler,

Reheating the Steam, Regeneration, Renkine Cycle, Reheat-

34


Regenerative Rankine Cycle, Hydropower Plant; Wind Power Plants,

Hydrogen Production, Feel Cells: Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, Microbial

Fuel Cell; Biomass and Bioenergy Production: Bioethanol Production,

Biodiesel and Green Diesel Production, Energy from Solid Waste, Other

Energy Production Opportunities, Levelized Energy cost,

Thermodynamics Cost, Ecological Cost: Ecological Planning, Coal-

Fired Power Plants, Nuclear Power Plants; Use of Alternative Energy:

Introduction, Solar Energy Wind Energy Refuse-Derived Fuel Cells.

UNIT-III

Energy Conservation: Energy Conservation and recovery, Conservation of Energy in Industrial

Processes, Energy Conservation in Home Heating and Cooling: Home

Heating by Fossil Fuel, Home Heating by Electric Resistance, Home

Heating by Solar Systems; Energy Efficiency Standards: Efficiency of

Air Conditioner, Maximum Possible Efficiency for Cooling, Fuel

Efficiency; Fuel Efficiency of Vehicles, Energy Conservation While

Driving, Regenerative Braking; Energy Conservation in Electricity

Distribution and Smart Grid: Standby Power, Energy Conservation in

Lighting, Energy Harvesting; conservation of Energy and Sustainability;

Energy Conservation and Energy; Energy Recovery on Utilities Using

Pinch Analysis: Composite Curves.

UNIT-IV

Energy Management

Introduction: Background, The Value of Energy Management, The

Energy Management Profession, Some Suggested Principles of Energy

Management.

Steam and Condensate Systems: Introduction, Thermal Properties of steam, Estimating Steam Usage and

its Value, Steam Traps and Their Application, Condensate Recovery,

Summary.

Waste-Heat Recovery: Introduction, Waste-Heat Survey, Waste-Heat

Exchangers, Commercial Options in Waste-Heat-Recovery Equipment,

Economics of Waste-Heat Recovery,

35


UNIT-V

Effective Energy Management: Introduction, Energy Management Program, Organizational Structure,

Energy Policy, Planning Audit Planning, Educational Planning, Strategic

Planning Reporting, Ownership, Summary.

Industrial Insulation: Fundamentals of Thermal Insulation Design

Theory, Insulation Materials, Insulation Selection Insulation Thickness

Determination, Insulation Economics.

Energy Auditing: Introduction, Energy Auditing Services, Basic

Components of an Energy Audit, Specialized Audit Tools, Industrial

Audits, Commercial Audits, Residential Audits, Indoor Air Quality.

TEXTBOOK:

1. Yasar Demirel “Energy-Production, Conversion, Storage,

Conservation and Coupling” Springer, 2012.

REFERENCE:

1. Barley L. Capehart “Encyclopedia of Energy Engineering and

Technology”, CRC Press, 2007

*****

36


PETROLEUM REFINING: CATALYTIC PROCESSES

(Elective-II)


4 0 3

Course Educational Objectives: This course helps the student to

understand importance of catalysis processes and their relevance to

produce petroleum fuels to the world wide standards.

Course Outcomes: After completion of this course the student would

be able to

1) Understand the importance of cracking

2) Understand the reforming process

3) Understand the concept of desulfurization and different methods of

sulfur reduction.

UNIT-I

Introduction principles of heterogeneous catalysis and catalysis in

petroleum refining. Role of Catalysis in petroleum refining.

UNIT-II

Catalytic reforming process chemistry, Technology and catalysis

alkylation and Isomerization and oxygenate synthesis,

oligomerization.

UNIT-III

Catalytic cracking raiser cracking, fluid catalytic cracking process

chemistry, Technology and catalysts, residue fluid catalytic cracking.

UNIT-IV

Hydrotreating Science and Technology hydro desulfurization, deep and

ultra deep desulfurization hydro denitrogenation and hydro

deoxygenation, Reacting catalyst and processes

UNIT-V

Hydro cracking comparison of FCC and hydro cracking. Chemistry

Technology and catalysis involved in hydro cracking. Heavy oil up

grading processes.

37


TEXTBOOKS:


Edition, Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. Pvt.Ltd, 2002.


2002.

REFERENCES:

1. Nelson W.L,“Petroleum Refinery Engineering”, McGraw Hill, New

York 1961.


1959.

3. Steiner H, Pergamon, “Introduction to petroleum Chemical Industry”,

London,1961.


5. Waddams A.L., “Chemicals from Petroleum”, 4 Rev Ed, John

Murray Pub. 1978.


DekkerPublishers.


2003.

8. Sharma B.K., “Fuels and Petroleum Processing”, Goel Pub. House,

1998.

*******

38


WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT

(Elective-II)


4 0 3

Course Educational Objectives: This course introduces the student to

1) The issues of water and wastewater treatment with critical focus on

energy sustainability.

2) Fundamentals of chemistry, biology, hydraulics and hydrology

applicable to sanitary studies.

3) To understand the interrelationships between water and wastewater

systems and their impact on the planet.

Course Outcomes: After completion of this course the student would

be able to

1) Apply treatment methods and operations of systems separated from

wastewater collection.

2) Develop the better and safe water and wastewater treatment

techniques.

UNIT-I

Water quality and Characteristics: Safe Drinking Water Act,

Microbiological quality of drinking water, chemical quality of drinking

water, clean water act, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

(NPDES), Pollution effect on aquatic life, Ground water quality,

Seawater quality, Domestic wastewater, Industrial wastewaters,

Infiltration and inflow, Municipal waste water, Composite sampling,

Evaluation of Wastewater.

UNIT-II

Water Processing: Surface-water treatment, Mixing and Flocculation,

Sedimentation, Direct Filtration, Ballasted Flocculation, Flocculator-

Clarifiers, Filtration, Chemical Coagulation, Taste and Odor Control,

Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Fluoridation, Chlorination, Disinfection

By-products, Ozone Disinfection of Potable Water, Groundwater

Treatment, Precipitation Softening, Iron and Manganese Removal,

Water Stabilization, Groundwater Chlorination, Ion Exchange, Anion

Exchange for Nitrate Removal, Arsenic Removal, Defluoridation,

Membrane Filtration, Microfiltration and Ultra filtration, Reverse

39


Osmosis, Distillation of Seawater, Sources of Residuals in Water

Treatment, Selection of Processes for Water Treatment Residuals,

Description of Pressure Filtration, Disposal of Dewatered Sludge.

UNIT-III

Physical Unit Operations: Screening, Coarse Solids Reduction, Flow

Equalization, Mixing and Flocculation, Primary Sedimentation,

Flotation, Oxygen Transfer, Aeration Systems, Removal of Volatile

Organic Compounds.

UNIT–IV

Chemical Unit Processes: Role of Chemical Unit Processes in

Wastewater Treatment, Fundamentals of Chemical Coagulation,

Chemical Precipitation for Improved Plant Performance, Chemical

Precipitation for Phosphorus Removal, Chemical Precipitation for

Removal of Heavy Metals and Dissolved, Chemical Oxidation,

Chemical Neutralization, Scale Control, and Stabilization, Chemical

Storage, Feeding, Piping and Control Systems.

UNIT-V

Fundamentals of Biological Treatment: Overview of Biological

Wastewater Treatment, Composition and Classification of

Microorganisms, Introduction to Microbial Metabolism, Bacterial

Growth and Energetic, Microbial Growth Kinetics, Modeling

Suspended Growth Treatment Processes, Substrate Removal in Attached

Growth Treatment Processes, Aerobic Biological Oxidation, Biological

Phosphorus Removal, Anaerobic Fermentation and Oxidation,

Biological Removal of Toxic and Recalcitrant Organic Compounds,

Biological Removal of Heavy Metals.

TEXT BOOK:

1. Mark J. Hammer, Mark J. Hammer, Jr., “Water and Wastewater

Technology”, 7th

Edition, PHI Learning Private Ltd., New Delhi,

2012.

REFERENCE:

1. Metcalf & Eddy, “Wastewater Engineering Treatment and Reuse”

4th

Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Ltd. New

Delhi,1992.

*****

40


OPTIMIZATION IN CHEMICAL PROCESSES

(Elective-II)

Course Code : 13CH2116 L P C

4 0 3

PREREQUISITES: The student should have knowledge of matrices,

Eigen values and graphical interpretation.

Course Educational Objectives: Optimization plays an important role

in all engineering problem. The course introduces the student to

1. Basics of Optimization.

2. Formulation of an optimization problem

3. Role of constraints on the solution of an optimization problem


able to

1. Formulate and solve an optimization problem

2. Apply evolutionary techniques like genetic algorithm and simulated

annealing to obtain a global optima

UNIT-I

Introduction to process optimization: Formulation of various process

optimization problems and their classification, constrained and

unconstrained optimization. Classification of points in the 2D space.

Basic concepts of optimization-convex and concave functions,

necessary and sufficient conditions for stationary points.

UNIT-II

Linear programming: SIMPLEX algorithm, duality in linear

programming.

Transportation Problem: Solution of Balanced problems using East-

West Rule.

UNIT-III

Unconstrained Optimization: Optimality Criteria, Unidirectional

search, Powell‟s Conjugate direction method, Gradient based method:

Cauchy‟s steepest Descent method; Newton‟s method.

41


Constrained Optimization Algorithms: Kuhn-Tucker conditions,

Transformation methods: Penalty function method, method of

multipliers.

UNIT-IV

Multi objective optimization (MOO): Different methods to solve

MOO like Utility function method and bounded function method.

Solving 2D MOO problems graphically, identifying the Pareto set.

UNIT-V Specialized Optimization techniques

Discrete Optimization: Enumeration techniques and Branch and Bound

methods to solve discrete optimization problem.

Genetic Algorithm, Working principles, differences between GAs and

traditional methods. Various operations like crossover and mutation.

Simulated annealing. (Qualitative treatment of GA and SA only).

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Kalyanmoy Deb, “Optimization for Engineering Design”, Prentice

Hall of India, 2005.

2. Edgar T.F.and Himmelblau D.M., “Optimization of Chemical

Processes” 2nd

Ed, McGraw Hill, International editions, Chemical

Engineering series, 2001.

3. Rao SS, “Engineering Optimization-Theory & Practices” New Age

International Publishers, New Delhi, 1996

REFERENCES:

1. Beveridge G.S. and Schechter R.S., “Optimization theory and

practice”, McGraw Hill New York, 1970.

2. Ravindran, A., and Ragdell, Reklaitis, G.V K.M., “Engineering

Optimization-Methods and Application”, John Wiley, NewYork,1983.

*****

42


PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS

(Elective-III)


4 0 3


To understand industrial processes for producing most important and

widely used petrochemical products.

Course Outcomes:

A student able to know the process of different petrochemical products

obtained from petroleum refining industries.

UNIT-I

Past and present scenario in petro chemical industry in India and abroad.

Introduction to petro chemical Industry in India.

UNIT-II

Chemicals from ethane-ethylene and acetylene: oxidation of ethane,

Production of ethylene manufacture of vinyl chloride monomer, vinyl

acetate manufacture, ethanol from ethylene, Acetylene manufacture

acetaldehyde from acetylene.

UNIT-III

Petrochemical feed stocks, synthesis gas and hydrogen production and

chemicals from synthesis gas. Chemicals from methane, F-T synthesis.

UNIT-IV

Aromatic production form petroleum. Benzene, Toluene, Xylene,

Production and applications.

UNIT-V

Petrochemicals products polymers and polymerization processes, recent

trends in production and use of polymers such as LDPE, HDPE.

43


TEXTBOOKS:


Edition, Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. Pvt.Ltd. 2002.


2002.

REFERENCES:

1.Nelson W.L,“Petroleum Refinery Engineering”, McGraw Hill, New

York, 1961.


1959.

3. Steiner H, Pergamon, “Introduction to petroleum Chemical

Industry”, London,1961.


5. Waddams A.L., “Chemicals from Petroleum”, 4th

Rev Ed, John

Murray Pub. 1978.


Dekker Publishers.


2003.

8. Sharma B.K., “Fuels and Petroleum Processing”, Goel Pub.

House,1998.

*******

44


SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

(Elective-III)


4 0 3

Course Educational objectives: This course introduces the student to

the following aspects

1) What are the sources of solid waste.

2) Due to solid waste, what are the health impacts on human beings.

3) Understanding the different treatment methods of solid waste effluent

from Municipal and industries.

Course outcomes: After studying the course the student will be able to

1) Get awareness about the acts relevance to solid waste.

2) Understand the methods of treatment of solid waste.

UNIT-I

Solid waste Characteristics, Collection, Transportation and Health

impacts:

Types of sources of solid waste, transportation of solid waste, health

impacts of solid waste

UNIT-II

Treatment of Solid waste:

Methods of treatment of solid waste: Land filling, Composting,

Vermitechnology, Anaerobic digestion, Inceneration, Pyrolysis,

Catalytic Hydrogenation.

UNIT-III

Industrial Practices in solid waste management: Chemical Industry,

Refineries, Aluminum, Iron and Steel, Lead and Zinc smelting, Nickel

ore processing and Refining, Copper smelting.

UNIT-IV

Evaluation and selection of facilities for solid waste management:

Introduction and Economic analysis Recovery, Recycling and Reuse.

45


UNIT-V

Solid Waste Management Planning, Monitoring and Control,

Environmental laws and Regulatory Drivers: NEPA, RCRA, Clean air

act, clean water act, CERCLA, Emergency Planning, and community

Right to know Act, Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act,

National Contingency plan, Oil pollution act, Occupational Safety and

Healthy act, Pollution prevention act, Safe drinking water act, Toxic

substances control act.

TEXTBOOK:

1. Nag A and Vijaya kumar K “Environmental Education and Solid

Waste Management” New Age International Publishers, 2005.

REFERENCE:

1. Cheremisinoff N.P “Handbook of Solid waste management and

waste minimization technologies” Butterworth-Heinemann

Publisher, 2003.

******

46


CHEMICAL PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT DESIGN

(Elective-III)


4 0 3

PREREQUISITES: The student should have knowledge of chemical

engineering equipment like heat exchangers and distillation columns.

Course Educational Objectives: Design of equipment constitutes the

heart of any chemical plant. In this course the student learns how to

design the major chemical equipment like heat exchanges, distillation

column, and packed column.


able to

1. Design heat exchanges, distillation column, valve and tray columns.

2. Leave how to scale up equipment from lab/pilot scale to commercial

size

3. Use some heuristic rule of thumb for design

UNIT-I

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Design: 1-2 parallel – counter flow:

Shell and Tube Exchanger, Flow arrangements for increased heat

recovery, Calculations for Process conditions. Condenser Design:

Condensation of single vapor, Condensation of mixed vapor.

UNIT-II

Multiple Effect Chemical Evaporation: Calculations of Chemical

Evaporators, Solution of industrial problems: concentration of cane

sugar liquors – forward feed, Evaporation of paper pulp waste liquors –

backward feed, caustic soda concentration – forced circulation

evaporators. Thermo compression: Design of thermo compression sugar

evaporator.

UNIT-III

Vaporizers and Reboilers: Vaporizing processes, Reboiler

arrangements, Classification of vaporizing exchangers, Heat flux and

temperature difference Limitations, Relation between maximum flux

and maximum film coefficient, Forced Circulation vaporizing

exchangers, Natural Circulation vaporizing exchangers.

47


UNIT-IV

Towers: Introduction, Contacting Devices, Choice between Packed

Columns and Plate columns, Tower Packings, Choice of plate types,

Plate calculations, Transfer unit calculations, Column diameter. Packed

Towers: Introduction, Type and Size of Packings, Flooding, Pressure

Drop, Foam, Holdup, Degree of Wetting, Column Diameter, Height of

Packing, Design of a Packed Tower for Distillation, Optimum Design.

Sieve and Valve Tray Design: Introduction, Sieve Trays: Tower

Diameter, Plate Spacing, Entrainment, Weepage, Tray Layout,

Hydraulic Parameters, Worksheet for Sieve Tray Design. Valve trays:

Flooding and Entrainment, Tray Spacing, Foaming Tray type, Tray

diameter and Lay out, Hydraulic Parameters.

UNIT-V

Practical Rules of Thumb: Pressure Vessels, Reactor Design

Temperature, Drums, Fractionating Towers, Heat Exchangers, Pipelines

and Pumps.

Scale up of Process Equipment: Introduction, Basic Principles of

Scale-up, Scale-up of Heat Exchange Systems, Scale-up of Chemical

Reactors, Scale-up of Liquid Mixing Systems, Scale-up of Fluid Flow

systems.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. Kern D.Q., “Process Heat Transfer”, Mc Graw Hill Co., 1997.

2. Backhurst and Harker “Process Plant Design”, Amercian Elservier

Pub.Co., Heinmann Chemical Engineering Series, 1973.

3. Joshi M.V., McMillan, “Process Equipment Design”, India, 1996.

4 Coulson and Richardson “Chemical Engineering” Volume 6,

Pergamon Press, 1983.

*****

48


COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS LAB


0 3 2

All simulation results should be validated with correlations available.

The student is expected to attach the simulation predictions and the

literature results when he presents the record.

1) Natural convection over a sphere.

2) Mixed convection over a sphere.

3) Forced convection over a sphere.

4) Forced convection over two cylinders in tandem arrangement.

5) Calculation of Nusselt number for staggered and in line arrangement

of shell and tube heat exchanger.

6) Turbulent flow in a circular pipe: generating the friction coefficient

versus Reynolds number.

7) Calculation of forces over a bent pipe.

8) Calculation of flow and heat transfer in a lid driven cavity.

9) Wall effect on a sphere in a cylindrical tube.

10) Flow of a power law non Newtonian fluid over an elliptic cylinder.

*****

49

M.Tech. Chemical Engineering...2013/09/11 · M.TECH. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2013 – 2014 GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS) Accredited by NAAC with A Grade

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