7/29/2013 1 Page 1 Introduction Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Management for Urban Local Bodies [Introduction] Page 2 Introduction Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Management for Urban Local Bodies 1 • Orientation on MSWM 2 • Rules and guidelines 3 • Technologies 4 • Planning and management Basic training on MSWM for ULBs Structure of the course Page 3 Introduction Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Management for Urban Local Bodies 1 • Benefits of MSWM 2 • Principles of integrated MSWM 3 • What is waste? 4 • Solid Waste Management Chain 5 • Next step: the 3R approach Basic training on MSWM for ULBs 1. Orientation on MSWM Page 4 Introduction Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Management for Urban Local Bodies 1 • Scope – existing rules 2 • Roles and responsibilities 3 • Implementation framework Basic training on MSWM for ULBs 2. Rules and guidelines
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Page 1Introduction
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies
[Introduction]
Page 2Introduction
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies
1• Orientation on MSWM
2• Rules and guidelines
3 • Technologies
4 • Planning and management
Basic training on MSWM for ULBsStructure of the course
Page 3Introduction
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies
1 • Benefits of MSWM
2 • Principles of integrated MSWM
3 • What is waste?
4 • Solid Waste Management Chain
5 • Next step: the 3R approach
Basic training on MSWM for ULBs1. Orientation on MSWM
Page 4Introduction
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies
1• Scope – existing rules
2• Roles and responsibilities
3 • Implementation framework
Basic training on MSWM for ULBs2. Rules and guidelines
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Page 5Introduction
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies
1• Waste generation including segregation at
source
2 • Waste collection
3 • Secondary storage
4 • Transfer & Transport
5 • Treatment
6 • Disposal
Basic training on MSWM for ULBs3. Technologies
Page 6Introduction
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies
1• Management
2• Planning
Basic training on MSWM for ULBs4. Planning and Management
Page 7Introduction
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies
1) name, origin, functional background with regard to MSW
2) Do you face any problem you would like to share and discusswithin action learning? Please specify the field:
(1) segregation at source
(2) collection
(3) secondary storage
(4) transfer & transport
(5) treatment
(6) disposal
Introduction of the participants (1 min. max)
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Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Orientation on MSWM
[Unit 1]Orientation on MSWM –
key issues and key challenges
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Orientation on MSWM
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Definition of waste as per MSW Rules 2000
"municipal solid waste" includes
commercial and residential wastes
generated in a municipal or notified areas
in either solid or semi-solid form
excluding industrial hazardous wastes but
including treated bio-medical wastes
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Why to manage waste?
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Orientation on MSWM
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Because waste
Waste generation
..expanding througheconomic development and population growth
pollutes / contaminates waterpollutes air
chokes city drainsis breeder ground
for vectors
is simply uglyis a health hazard for humans
is a hazard for animals
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The Waste Management Chain
Households
SMEs
Business andadministration
Residential areas
Hotels andrestaurants
Streets andopen spaces
Amusementparks
Sorting
On-site storage
HH-level processing
Carrying tocollection point
Landfill
conventional MSWMIntegrated MSWM
Gathering atcollection point
Transport tosecondary storage
Sorting of mixedwaste
Recovery ofsorted materials
Processing
Transformation
Transport totreatmenmt & disposal site
Door-to-doorcollection
1 2 3 4Generation & Separation Collection Transfer & Transport Treatment & Disposal
• High organic fraction• Paper, glas, metals, plastic (*)• Rags• Inert and other materials
2 Construction anddemolition waste
• Multi material mix • Valuable secondary resources, recycling options• Extremely heavy and voluminous• Possibly hazardous fraction
3 E-waste • Fats growing fraction• Requires appropriate processing• Potentially harmful for workers and the envirornment• Resource recovery
4 Hazardous waste Can be toxic, inflamable, explosive, corrosive, reactive5 Bio-medical waste Can be infectious and / or hazardous
(*) Plastic waste • Fast growing fraction of waste• High durability (centuries to thousands of years)• Littering and choking of drainages and sewage systems• Significant pollution of landscape, coasts and oceans• High recovery value, recycling options
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Orientation on MSWM
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Amount of urban waste in Maharashtra (2011)
Source: R.K. Kaushal et. al.: Municipal Solid Waste Management in India – Current State and Future Challenges: A Review; International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol 4 No. 04, April 2012
Source: Research Unit Rajya Sabha Secretariat (2011): E-waste in India
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The 3R-Approach: Reduce – Reuse - Recycle
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Orientation on MSWM
Reduction of volume
Cost reduction
SWM
Longer life span for landfills
Reduced environmental
impacts
Sustainable use of
resources
Employment opportunities
Benefits of 3R-Approach
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MSWM and Global Warming
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Gender aspects of MSWMin waste generation in waste management
Women and children often handle garbage of households
Gender specific view on waste
Women are key to improve waste management in families
Services and equipment are designed by men
Women workers are usually paid less
Women entrepreneurs and workers are underprivileged
Poor facilities at working places / processing facilities
Women and children are more exposed to SW health hazards
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Rating of MSWM in your hometowns
Analyze different elements and rate your city / town based on the level of services, facilities and achievements
• rating from
o -2 not existing
o -1 requires remarkable improvement
o 0 reasonable
o +1 good
o +2 best practice
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Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Orientation on MSWM
Indo-German Environment Programme (IGEP)Deutsche Gesellschaft fürInternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
Sustainable Urban HabitatB-5/2, First Floor, Safdurjung Encalve, New Delhi-110029, Tel: +91-11-49495300/01/02
Thank you very much
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Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Rules and Guidelines
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[Unit 2]Rules and Guidelines
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Rules and Guidelines
Brainstorming 01: Waste Management and Handling Rules of relevance for ULBs
MSW Rules
Bio-medical Waste Rules
Plastic Waste Rules
Hazardous Waste Rules
E-Waste Rules
2
• ULB responsible for implementation of MSWM • annual reporting
• ULB for non-biomedical and treated bio-med waste from hospitals• should ensure segregation of bio-med waste mixed in MSW
• handle PW mixed in MSW• set up collection centres• stop open burning of plastic
• should ensure segregation and safe handling of HW mixed in SWM
• ensure orphaned products and e-waste mixed under MSW is collected / segregated and channelized
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Rules and Guidelines
Waste Management and Handling Rules of relevance for ULBs –functions of the various levels of government
MSWM function Responsible institutions Legal framework, policies, rules; Guidelines, manuals, and technical assistance Monitor implementation of laws and rules
Central Government (MoEF, MoUD) State governments (state specific)
Financing SWM system Municipal authorities (taxes, charges) State governments Central Government Producers (extended producers
responsibility) Planning of treatment and disposal facilities Municipal authorities,
Regional co-operations of authorities State governments
Framing bye-laws Setting levies
Municipal authorities
Execution of MSWM (from collection to disposal) including
o plastic waste mixed in MSW, o management of treated bio-medical
waste, o channelling of e-waste mixed in MSW
Municipal authorities
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Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Rules and Guidelines
Cascade of legal framework on MSWMNational level Legal framework, policies, rules; guidelines, and manuals from a
national perspective – setting the frame for specific implementation at state level
State level Specific legal framework, policies, rules; guidelines, and manuals at
state level considering specific situation and requirements of the single state
Municipal bye-laws and
provisionsTranslating the framework to the local conditions and requirements:
Adapt the Draft MSW Bye-Law to the local conditions; Set specific provisions and framework for local MSWM within the
scope of action of the ULB Establish a City Sanitation Task Force / Society; MSW Management Plan as part of CSP Delegation of provision of services for specific steps of MSWM
chain to NGOs, CBOs, RWAs or private sector; System of charges, fees and penalties, revenue generation; Benchmarks and protocols for monitoring and evaluation
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Generators Households Shops, businesses Hotels, restaurants Residential and commercial
complexes Public institutions
Local intermediaries
storage
Co-operative societies, Associations Residential and commercial
formalize informal sectorpromote social businesses
sensitize – cooperate withNGOs and CBOs
promote
ensure services and infrastructureand work for behaviour change
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Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
Primary collection – Compliance criteria as per MSW Rule 2000
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1) Littering prohibited1) house-to-house collection through - community bin, house-to-house collection,
collection on regular pre-informed timings and scheduling by using bell ringing ofmusical vehicle
2) Collection from slums and squatter areas, hotels, restaurants, officecomplexes and commercial areas;
3) Wastes from slaughter houses, meat and fish markets, fruits and vegetablemarkets, which are biodegradable in nature
4) Bio-medical wastes and industrial wastes shall not be mixed with MSW5) Collected waste from residential and other areas shall be transferred to
community bin by hand-driven containerised carts or other small vehicles;6) Horticlutural and construction or demolition wastes or debris shall be
separately collected and disposed7) Waste (garbage, dry leaves) shall not be burnt;8) Stray animals shall not be allowed to move around waste storage facilities
2) Shall notify waste collection schedule and likely method3) Generator responsible to avoid littering and ensure delivery of wastes in
accordance with the collection and segregation system notified by the municipalauthority
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
Primary collection – interface with the users and first step for efficiency
Source: Toolkit for Solid Waste Management, JNNURM, MoUD, November 201/
Door to Door Collection Street SweepingBulk Collection
include stakeholders cooperate with NGOs and CBOs formalize informal sector promote social businesses cooperate with private sector
build capacities of municipal workers service orientation do‘s and don‘ts in waste collection use of tools and equipment Occupational Health and Safety
provide and use adequate equipment
ensure services and infrastructure and work for service orientation
keep segregated
improve services establish work plans supervise work react on complaints
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
Stoarge – Compliance criteria as per MSW Rule 2000
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• Establish storage facility taking into account quantities of waste generation
• Storage facility shall be accessible to users; • Storage facilities to be set up and not exposed to open
atmosphere and shall be aesthetically acceptable and user-friendly;
• Storage facilities or bins shall have easy to operate design for handling, transfer and transportation of waste.
• Bins for bio-degradable wastes shall be painted green, recyclable wastes – white, other wastes - black;
• Manual handling of waste prohibited. (If unavoidable due to constraints, manual handling shall be carried out under proper precaution with due care for safety of workers).
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
Source: WBI Development Studies: Improving Municipal Solid Waste Management in India, The World Bank (2008);
facilitate work channelize bulk
waste
establish transfer stations if required
build capacities of workers service orientation do‘s and don‘ts in waste
transportation Occupational Health and
Safety maintenance of vehicles cleanliness
ensure reliability of services
improve services establish schedule for
emptying supervise work check outsourcing react on complaints maintenance of vehicles
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
Processing – Compliance criteria as per MSW Rule 2000
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• adopt suitable technology or combination of technologies to make use of wastes to minimize burden on landfill.
• biodegradable wastes shall be processed by composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate biological processing for stabilization of wastes.
• Mixed waste with recoverables shall be recycled • Incineration with or without energy recovery including
pelletisation can be used. • Other state-of-the-art technologies shall be selected
in consultation with CPCB
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
5. Bio-gas recovery from organic waste- BARC technology
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
Vermi-Composting Vermi-composting is a
process in which earthworms consume organic matter with the help of bacteria in their gut, they excrete fine-grained soil-like vermi-castings rich in minerals and microbes very beneficial to plants and free of disease germs.
It is best suited for segregated biodegradable wastes on a small scale in de-centralized locations.
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Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
• BARC, Mumbai, developed waste to biogas technology particularly suitable for small towns where a small quantity of waste is to be handled
• Plants ranging from one ton to five ton capacity can be installed
Waste to Biogas - An Option for Treatment of municipal solid Waste - BARC model – Mumbai experience
Major components of the plants areMixture/ pulper {5 HP motor (s)} for crushing the solid waste, Pre-mix tank (s), Pre-digester tank, air compressor, slow water heater, main digestion tank, gas delivery system, manure pits, tank for recycling for water and water pump and gas utilization system.
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Utility points
Biogasapplication
Electrical application
Manure utility
Replicability and Sustainability
All towns ranging from a population of 10000 to 100000 can easily go for biogas plants developed by BARC , more than one plant can be installed in larger towns.
Cost is limited and affordable
Benefits Derived
Environmental friendly Generation of fairly good amount of fuel gas for cooking/power generation.
Generation of high quality manure (weed less and an excellent soil conditioner).
Keeping the cities/ town clean
Achieving the goal of 'Zero Garbage, Zero effluent'
Waste to Biogas - An Option for Treatment of municipal solid Waste - BARC model – Mumbai experience
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
TOTAL MUNICIPLE SOLID WASTE
TOTAL PLASTIC WASTE
RECYCLABLE PLASTIC WASTE
NON RECYCLABLE PLASTIC WASTE
RECYCLE FOR MAKING
DEFFERNT PLASTIC ITEMS
Average calorific value of Non recyclable plastic / Polythene bags - 5000 kcal/gm
RDF
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
Disposal – Compliance criteria as per MSW Rule 2000
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• Land filling shall be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert waste and other waste that are not suitable either for recycling or for biological processing.
• Land filling shall also be carried out for residues of waste processing facilities as well as pre-processing rejects from waste processing facilities.
• Land filling of mixed waste shall be avoided unless the same is found unsuitable for waste processing.
• Under unavoidable circumstances or till installation of alternate facilities, land-filling shall be done following proper norms.
• Landfill sites shall meet the specifications
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Disposal
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sanitary landfill
organize best possible disposal meet Schedule III of Waste Management Rules 2000 protect water bodies, ambient air, neighbourhood dispose after treatment only restrict landfilling to inert waste ensure capacity sufficient for 20-25 years
ensure best possible and environmentally sound disposal
cooperate with private sector (PPP) consider regional solutions supervise operation monitor environmental parameters ensure staff is well trained build inhouse expertise for supervision and
monitoring of landfills - SWM Expert/ Environment Engineer should be part of each UL
Occupational Health and Safety
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Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Technologies & Approaches
Experience of proven technology suitable under Indian conditions.
Capital investments required.
Requirement of land, water and power.
Recurring expenditure. Economy of operation. Manpower needs. Level of skill required.
The capability of the municipal authority to manage such facility departmentally or through private sector participation.
Scale of operation.
Environmental impact of such technology.
Process aesthetics.
Cost of end products.
Criteria for selection of appropriate technology/combination of technologies
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Engineered Sanitary Land fill site
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Cross-Section of Bottom System
Land fill site
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What Is Regionalization ?
• Regionalization refers to bundling of the waste disposal needs of several towns/cities
and tackling the problem of all of them through creation of one regional facility.
• A partnership between Urban Local Bodies.
Regional landfill sites
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Why Regionalization ?
• Creating small facilities is not viable.
• Regionalization minimizes the scope of
public objections, facilitates construction of
large landfill which can be managed
professionally in a cost effective manner.
• Ease to attract private parties
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Approach
• Current approach
One city – One landfill
• Regional approach
Several cities – One landfill
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Individual Landfill v/s Regional Landfill
Figure showing landfill area (plan)
Waste going to landfill is 20 tpd and landfill is designed for 3 years
Waste going to landfill is200 tpd and landfill isdesigned for 3 years
3 Acre
11 Acre
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Continued……….
Figure showing landfill section
Height of landfill upto bund is 1.5 m & above bund is 3 m & excavation depth is 1.1 m
Height of landfill upto bund is 1.5 m & above bund is 15 m & excavation depth is 1.1 m
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Site Development
• 20 tpd landfill – Rs. 39.83 per ton• 200 tpd landfill – Rs. 4.06 per ton
• 20 tpd landfill is 9.8 times costlier than 200 tpd landfill
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Equipments
• 20 tpd landfill – Rs. 188.00 per ton• 200 tpd landfill – Rs. 25.34 per ton
• 20 tpd landfill is 7.4 times costlier than 200 tpd landfill
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Construction Of Landfill
• 20 tpd landfill – Rs. 579.00 per ton• 200 tpd landfill – Rs. 135.00 per ton
• 20 tpd landfill is 4.3 times costlier than 200 tpd landfill
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Costing Of O & M Landfill
Factors determining O & M cost :-• Number of equipments
• Utilisation of equipments• Manpower
• Consumables• Return of capital
• 20 tpd landfill is 4.0 times costlierthan 200 tpd landfill on per ton of
waste basis
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Indo-German Environment Programme (IGEP)Deutsche Gesellschaft fürInternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
Sustainable Urban HabitatB-5/2, First Floor, Safdurjung Encalve, New Delhi-110029, Tel: +91-11-49495300/01/02
Thank you very much
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Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Management & Planning
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[Unit 4]Management & Planning
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Management & Planning
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Management tasks strategy goals, policy decisions framework for MSWM overall annual planning overall monitoring formation city sanitation task force
technical supervision, monitoring operations guidance operations quality control operations supervision of strategy & plan implementation specific annual planning responsibility for service contracts stakeholder management working counterpart city sanitation task force
implementation and supervision of day-to-day operations / services
guidance and human resource development monitoring of contractors complaints redress maintenance infrastructure and equipment reporting
UpperManagement
MiddleManagement
Lower Management
Mayor, PresidentCommissioners,Chief Officers
Health Officers, Engineers
Sanitaryinspectors and
supervisors
Is there somethingto be added?
Basic training on Municipal Solid Waste Managementfor Urban Local Bodies – Management & Planning
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What is Management ?The Management Cycle
Citizens are responsible for Proper segregation of wastes at source Avoid littering of streets; Delivery of wastes
Municipality is responsible for: Waste management from collection to disposal Sensitization of citizens for 3R and overall
waste management;
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• Who or what guides you?
• How do you adapt your work to changing conditions?
• Do you evaluate the achievements?
• Do you communicate achievements and needs?
Management key questions
• leadership
• communication / information flow
• follow-up
• adjustment / intervention / decision
• framework / rules of conduct
• capacity development / Human Resource Development
Management principles / tools
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Institutional frameworkMunicipality is responsible for waste
management from collection to disposal
Goals Protection of environmental quality and health conditions
Money for service quality – ULB is guardian of public money
Accountability for delivery and quality of servicesTransparent and well defined responsibilities for all tasks
Authorities act as service providers to the public
Principles
Mechanisms Decentrali-zation
Delegation SupervisionProfessionali-
zation
• decision making close to executing actors
• division of town into zones
•clear line structure
• transfer of functions to external actors
•private sector / CBOs etc.
• capacity building to workers
•equipment•human resource development
•well educated staff
• day-to-day supervision of services
•data base•SLBs
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Management Information System
GeneralCity Wards
Generation StorageTreatment &
disposalTransport
Wasteinfrastructure
Financial aspects
Staffpositions
Management
Base line data
OperationCollection Storage
Special services
Bulkservices
Environmental monitoring
Vehiclemaintenance
ComplaintsCost
recoverySupervision
Treatment & disposal
Transport
Penalties Legal matters
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Planning of integrated MSWM – Understand the context
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Framework conditions
Localconditions
Localobjectives
Technical options
Implementation strategy
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Planning of integrated MSWM / City Sanitation Plan – Steps
Technology options
Support pillars
Diagnosis Analysis & Consultation Final Plan
Governance
andinstitutional
framew
ork
Capacity
building
Awareness
generation&
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Financial sustainability
Stakeholder participation
Delegation
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Action planStrategydevelopment
Evaluation oftechnology
optionsAnalysis
Collectionbase line
data
Establishingplanningstructure
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Form two working groups and elaborate two case studies on MSWM based on the problem / experience described by the case bringer and your experiences. (20 min. time, on flip chart, max. 2 pages)
Consider following framework:
Action Learning: Analysis of case studies
• clearly name the problem to be discussed and the original objectives
• identify specific problem areas and possible underlying reasons
• clearly name involved stakeholders
• specify actions taken, obstacles encountered and results achieved
• which questions shall be discussed?
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Indo-German Environment Programme (IGEP)Deutsche Gesellschaft fürInternationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH
Sustainable Urban HabitatB-5/2, First Floor, Safdurjung Encalve, New Delhi-110029, Tel: +91-11-49495300/01/02