1 WRITING WRITING WRITING TEST 3 INSTRUCTIONS: For this section of the test, a proctor will give you a special answer form. Make sure that your name appears correctly on the front of the form. Using a Number 2 pencil ONLY, write as much as you can, as well as you can, in an original, 35-minute composition on ONE of the two topics below. 1.Many people believe that the clothes you wear or the car you drive reflect who you are. This is why some people wear only expensive brands or designer clothes and drive expensive foreign cars. Are you such a person? Do you think such status symbols make the mane? Be sure to support your opinion with reasons and explanations. OR 2.How many times have you met a totally incompetent person in a high position and wondered how such things are possible? What do you think counts more in finding a job, what you know or who you know? Be sure to support your opinion with reasons and explanations. DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO
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For each question in your test booklet, you will hear a short conversation. The conversation has ashort title to tell you what it is about. Listen to the conversation and choose the letter of the choicethat best answers the question that appears in your test booklet. You will not hear the question;
you will see it and read it. You will read it quietly to yourself. Use your pencil to mark your
answer on your answer sheet. You are allowed to take notes in the test booklet.
Example X :Walking Across CampusMary wants to go to______.a. the library
b. her housec. a class
The perfect gift1. How does the man feel about her discovery?a. He is just as thrilled.
b. He prefers conventional gifts.c. He likes the suspense.
Weather conditions2. What will she probably end up doing?
a. going to the mountains b. staying homec. going to the coast
Summer camp job3. What do esn’t she want?
a. to have to care for very young children b. to be out of doorsc. to sleep in a cabin
Picking a book to read4. What will she probably do?
a. Read the DaVinci Code. b. Get a new book Helen’s read.c. Try to find a book through the net.
A trip to the dentist5. What is the woman’s problem?
a. She doesn't like taking antibiotics. b. She’s afraid of dentists. c. Her tooth must come out.
Backyard picnic6. Which of the following is true?
a. He’ll p robably cook something. b. The man and woman are neighborsc. She’ll probably bring a salad.
a. They are technologically inclined. b. They can’t follow manuals.c. They have no interest in technology.
Noisy neighbor8. What is the woman’s problem?a. She has turned him down.
b. She needs to get a battery.c. She doesn't like to apologize.
Part 2: Longer Conversations
In this section you will hear a few longer conversations. After each conversation you will readbetween 3 and 5 questions. Listen to each conversation and answer the questions that appear in
your test booklet.
At t he mall: A friend’s request9. What is Jill complaining about?a. the money she owes
b. her lack of restraint in shoppingc. her many vulnerabilities
10. Who does Jill blame for her condition?a. the society and our way of life
b. credit card companiesc. her mother
11. Which trap is Jack referring to?
a. the “buy now, pay later” plan of credit companies b. buying things she doesn’t needc. of living in the environment she does
12. Jill spends money _________.a. because she is ill
b. to feel fulfilledc. because her mother does
13. What does Jack suggest she do?a. Follow his instructions.
b. Restructure her repayments.
c. Switch to a different credit card company.
A discussion in the office14. What i s the woman’s problem?
a. She can’t drive at night. b. She gets lost easily.c. She can’t read road maps.
15. What is special about this new map?a. It is only for women.
b. It has been simplified.c. It involves spatial tasks.
16. The Institute of Psychiatry Research showed _________.a. women only use one side of their brain
b. men use both sides of their brainc. women are not good at spatial tasks
During an on-campus rock concert17. According to the man _________.a. the concert is for a charitable cause
b. the music of the 20 th century was betterc. Sinatra sang songs about the war
18. How does she feel about the concert music?a. She’s too old for this kind of music.
b. She doesn't find it creativec. The music makes her want to dance
19. What does the man claim Sinatra did?
a. He served as a medic. b. He awoke deep feelings in his fans.c. He fought along with the rest of American males.
20. What does she say about the concert singers?a. They are using some of Sinatra’s techniques.
b. They are not aware of what they’re doing.c. Their voices complement the band.
Part 3: Extended Discourse In this section you will hear a presentation and an extended dialogue. You will listen to eachtwice, and then you will answer several questions.
A visit to a famous pen factory21. What where the earliest pens made from?
a. reeds b. sea rushesc. bamboo sticks
22. Where is the reed pen still used?a. in Egypt
b. in Pakistanc. in India
23. What were reed pens replaced by?a. writing on scrolls
b. writing on parchmentc. quills
24. Why did Europeans start using quills?a. They were more advanced.
b. They couldn’t get reeds after the fall of the Roman Empire. c. They had better results with quills.
As part of a class at school you have to read this article from a sociology book. Read it andanswer the questions that follow.
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Few experts doubt the fact that social environment plays a major role indetermining whether or not someone develops a mental disorder (#87), but there aremany different theories about how this influence is expressed. One of the earliesttheories among psychotherapists was that mental disorders are caused by disturbancesin the individual’s early psychological development in the family. For example, it isgenerally believed that parental love and affection are vital (#81) to the normalmaturation of a child. Children who are rejected by their parents may display avariety of psychological problems, including anxiety, insecurity, low self-esteem andhostility. §1.
Parental standards of discipline are also important for proper development.Children have to feel that someone is watching over them and guiding their actions.Harsh, rigid standards may produce either a hostile and rebellious child, or a passive,
guilt-ridden one. Lack of discipline is thought to encourage antisocial and aggressivetendencies. Others feel that the children of overprotective parents develop “passive -dependant personalities”. Everything must be done in moderation. It must be noted,however, that most of these conditions would not really qualify as mental disorders
by most psychiatric standards. §2. One theory that does deal with mental disorders was developed by George
Bateson, a well-known anthropologist. Bateson and his colleagues attributedschizophrenia (#88) to the double bind some parents place on their children. Forexample, when a mother tells her son “I love you” but flinches or pulls away everytime he touches her, the child receives two contradictory messages at the same time(#82) and becomes confused as to which one is true. As a result, he may come tomistrust and misinterpret normal communications and eventually become seriously
disoriented. §3. On the whole, however, the critics have not been kind to those who held early parental influences responsible for major mental disorders (#84). For one thing, theysay that this approach is too vague about the exact conditions that cause mentaldisorders. Almost every family has some conditions that developmental theoristsconsider conducive to psychological disorder, but most children do not developmental disorders. Moreover, many contemporary critics feel that this approachunfairly blames parents for everything that goes wrong with their children (#84), andthat it produces unnecessary parental guilt and anxiety about whether or not they’vefulfilled their roles as good parents. §4.
This is one of the articles your teacher has provided as background reading for your assignment. Read it and answer the questions that follow.
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We usually assume that an innate characteristic of human beings is the closeand immediate attachment between the newborn child and its parents, especially itsmother. Because abandonment or abuse of children seems to defy such beliefs, we are
baffled by reports of widespread parental abuse of children. A look at the past may provide a different perspective of the present (#90).
According to some scholars, maternal indifference to infants may have beentypical of the Middle Ages. There is evidence that in the sixteenth and seventeenthcenturies parents showed little affection for their children, and anthropologist EdwardJackson argues that this indifference was probably typical among people of WesternEurope, even in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The death of young childrenseems to have been accepted casually, and although overt infanticide was frownedupon, allowing children to die was sometimes encouraged, or at least tolerated (#92).
For example, in Western Europe it was common for mothers to leave infants atfoundling hospitals or with rural wet nurses, both of which resulted in very highmortality rates (#94). Whether these practices were typically the result of economicdesperation, the difficulty of raising an out-of-wedlock child, or lack of attachment toan infant is not clear, but many well-to-do married women casually chose to give theirinfants to wet nurses, despite the higher mortality risks. This clearly suggests that thereasons were not always economic difficulty nor the fear of social stigma (#93).
While the practice of open infanticide and child abandonment may have beenrelatively widespread in parts of Western Europe, it does not seem to have been
prevalent in either England or America. Indeed, authorities in both those countries inthe sixteenth and seventeenth centuries prosecuted infanticide cases more vigorouslythan other forms of murder. It seems that the practice of leaving infants with wet
nurses went out of fashion in England by the end of the eighteenth century.By the eighteenth century in Western Europe, parents were expressing moreinterest in their children and more affection for them, and by the nineteenth century,observers were beginning to criticize parents for being too child-centered (#96).
Nevertheless, parents were still not prevented from abusing their own children, as longas it did not result in death.
Because the parent-child relationship was regarded as sacred and beyond Stateintervention, it was not until the late nineteenth century that reformers in England wereable to persuade law-makers to pass legislation to protect children from abusive
parents (#97). Ironically , efforts to prevent cruelty to animals preceded those toaccomplish the same ends for children by nearly half a century.
90. Why does the author give us a look at past practices?a. as proof of the mother/child
attachment. b. to explain why people have children.
c. to help solve child abuse.d. to shoot down the assumption we haveof the child/parent attachment theory.
91. Which word is closest in meaning to theword defy in line 3?a. go against
b. supportc. evoked. acknowledge
92. What does the author say was tolerated in
the 16th
and 17th
centuries?a. infanticide b. letting a child diec. child abused. maternal indifference
93. What was the main reason WesternEuropean mothers left their children to beraised at hospitals or by wet nurses?a. They lacked the funds to raise them.
b. They didn’t love their children.c. the social stigma of the un-wed
motherd. Scholars aren’t really sure.
94. What was the problem with foundlinghospitals?a. Many children died there.
b. They were very expensive.c. They placed a social stigma on the
child raised there.d. Their methods were later prosecuted.
95. The phrase “ well-to-do ” in line 17 refersto _______________.a. financial standing
b. a person’s kind actions c. someone who helps others
d. someone who is handy
96. What does the passage claim about 19 th century parents?a. They were self-centered
b. They lavished too much love on theirchildren
c. They were critical parentsd. They did not abuse their children
97. How were children protected fromabusive parents?
a. They were not protected. b. Laws were passed to protect them.c. The parents were afraid of being
criticized.d. They were taken to hospitals.
98. Why does the author use the word“Ironically ” in line 34?a. He finds it ironic that parents would
harm their children. b. Cruelty to animal laws were passed
before laws to protect children.
c. He doesn’t believe the parent/childrelationship is sacred.d. He finds reform ironic.
99. One can infer from the passage that _______________.a. the author is trying to be ironic.
b. the author blames women for childabuse.
c. children should be protected.d. many children died in the 18 th and
The First Harvest Meal or Thanksgiving Celebration
Imagine you are taking a class in sociology. This is the introduction to a chapter on social functions and behavior. Read it and answer the questions which follow.
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Thanksgiving, or the Harvest meal as it is also called, has become a symbol ofcooperation and interaction between English colonists and Native Americans.Although this feast is considered by many to be the very first Thanksgivingcelebration, it was actually in keeping with a long tradition of celebrating the harvestand giving thanks for a successful bounty of crops (#103). §1. Native Americangroups throughout the Americas, including the Pueblo, Cherokee, Creek and manyothers organized harvest festivals, ceremonial dances, and other celebrations ofthanks for centuries before the arrival of Europeans in North America (#109).
Historians have also recorded other ceremonies of thanks among Europeansettlers in North America, including British colonists in Berkeley Plantation, Virginia.At this site near the Charles River in December of 1619, a group of British settlers led
by Captain John Woodlief knelt in prayer and pledged "Thanksgiving" to God for
their healthy arrival after a long voyage across the Atlantic. This event has beenacknowledged by some scholars and writers as the official first Thanksgiving amongEuropean settlers on record. Whether at Plymouth, Berkeley Plantation, or throughoutthe Americas, celebrations of thanks have held great meaning and importance overtime (#100). The legacy of thanks, and particularly of the feast , have survived thecenturies as people throughout the United States gather family, friends, and enormousamounts of food for their yearly Thanksg iving meal. §2.
It would be interesting to know what foods topped the table at the first harvestfeast. Historians aren't completely certain about the full bounty, but it's safe to saythe pilgrims weren't gobbling up pumpkin pie or playing with their mashedpotatoes. At the time of the 1621 feast we know that the pilgrims did have game,turkeys, corn and squash. §3.
However, the only two items that historians know for sure were on the menuare venison and wild fowl, which are mentioned in primary sources. The mostdetailed description of the "First Thanksgiving" comes from Edward Winslow from A
Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth , in 1621. In the journal he explains how after theharvest had been gathered, the governor sent four men out fowl hunting. So “we might after a special manner rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of ourlabors. ” (#104, #107). These four men in one day killed as much fowl as, thecompany needed for almost a week. They were joined in their celebrations by 90Indians and their king Massasoit. The pilgrims entertained and feasted their guests for3 days. In return, the Indians went out and killed five deer, which they brought to the
plantation (#108) and bestowed upon the governor, the captain, and others. Andalthough it was not always as plentiful as it was at that particular time, they celebrated
the harvest and the goodness of God.As Winslow wrote: “We are so far from want that we often wish you partakers
100. According to the passage, which was thefirst Thanksgiving?a. the one in Virginia
b. the Plymouth Thanksgivingc. the one between English colonists and
Native Americansd. it is not quite certain
101. What according to the passage is venison ,in line 26?a. a type of game bird
b. deer meatc. another name for turkeyd. a type of squash
102. At which point in the passage would thefollowing sentence fit best? “I t is just as
important a holiday as Christmas is ”.a. §1 b. §2 c. §3 d. §4
103. What according to the passage isThanksgiving?a. a celebration of thanks
b. a family holidayc. a European holidayd. a Native American holiday
104. Who was Edward Winslow?a. a governor
b. a hunterc. a pilgrimd. a famous historian
105. The author says in lines 21-22 : “but it’ssafe to say the pilgrims weren’t gobblingup pumpkin pie or playing with theirmashed potatoes”. This refers to
________________.
a. the pilgrim’s eating habits b. our lack of table mannersc. how we eatd. what was not on the first Thanksgiving
menu
106. The word feast in line 17 is closest inmeaning to ________________.a. holiday
b. celebrationc. featd. expectations
107. The expression “after we had gatheredthe fruit of our labors” refers to
________________.a. having picked the fruit
b. working as laborersc. having collected the harvestd. having gathered everyone together
108. How did the Indians repay their hosts?a. by hunting fowl
b. by entertaining the pilgrims
c. by honoring the governord. by hunting venison
109. What does the author claim about the Native Americans?a. They had Thanksgiving celebrations
before the pilgrims came. b. They cooperated amongst
themselves.c. They learned about Thanksgiving
from the pilgrims.d. They were better hunters than the
At your doctor’s office you see this article in a medical magazine. It catches your interest so you read it. After reading it, answer the questions that follow.
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Hospitals were originally hospices, a place of refuge where the poor could goand die. Not until modern times did the hospital become a place where sick andinjured people were given medical treatment. Today hospitals are the nerve centers ofthe medical profession. A hospital determines which physicians will be allowed touse the hospital and thus which patients will be admitted. Some hospitals are deeplyinvolved in teaching and research, and an increasing number offer a wide range ofoutpatient services through clinics and emergency rooms. §1
In most industrialized nations, hospitals are either owned directly by thegovernment or are operated under tight governmental controls. In the United Statesthe ownership and control of hospital services rests in many different hands. Thefederal government has special hospitals for military personnel and veterans, andmany countries operate their own hospital systems, which often carry a heavy share
of the burden of providing health care for the poor. Most hospitals, however, areowned by such diverse private groups as universities, religious organizations, physicians, health plans, and charities. Of all types, the fastest growing are the largecorporate hospital chains. §2
This trend toward corporate ownership has had some beneficial effects.Hospital chains often provide more comfort and convenience for patients and haveintroduced computerized billing facilities and other efficient management practices(#119). Moreover, many of these chains have set up “emergency centers” in suburbanmalls and business districts that often provide faster and more convenient care atlower cost than traditional health care services. §3
Yet on the whole, this trend is a worrisome one (#118). One fear arises fromthe shift in control that goes with corporate ownership. Traditional hospitals are
usually run by their physicians, but the corporate chains are controlled by professional managers who are likely to have far less understanding of medical practice and the needs of patients (#113). The greatest concerns, however, center onfinances. Although the corporate hospitals provide more services to patients, they alsocharge higher rates than the traditional nonprofit hospitals. Moreover the corporatehospitals have tended to ignore the enormous health care needs of the poor and focuson the people with good health insurance who are already well cared for. Thesehospitals have often been charged with performing “ wallet biopsies ” beforeadmitting any patient who does not have a dire need for emergency care. Even thelower-cost emergency-care centers often take Visa and MasterCard but not Medicaid(the government health care program for the poor). Defenders of the corporatehospitals argue that they have no more responsibility to provide free services to the
poor than any other business (#115), and that it is up to the nonprofit hospitals tocarry that cost (#116). The problem with that argument is that the corporate hospitalsare skimming off the most lucrative business that the nonprofit hospitals once used tocover their losses from treating the poor. As a result, more and more nonprofithospitals are going bankrupt (#120) – often to be bought up by the corporate chainand closed to the poor. That, of course, creates acute overcrowding (#117) and aninevitable decline in the quality of care at those hospitals that still try to meet theneeds of all people. §4