1 COURSE GRADING Midterm I 20 Midterm II 20 Quiz 20 Final Examination 35 Attendance 5 TOTAL 100 % Attendance: Minimum of 70 % attendance in class is mandatory. LECTURE NOTES PPTs, handouts, homework assignments, and etc. Check course website (http://mse125.cankaya.edu.tr/) frequently!!! MSE 125: Introduction to Materials Science & General Chemistry
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Chapter 1-
1
COURSE GRADING
Midterm I 20 Midterm II 20 Quiz 20 Final Examination 35 Attendance 5 TOTAL 100 % Attendance: Minimum of 70 % attendance in class is mandatory.
LECTURE NOTES PPTs, handouts, homework assignments, and etc. Check course website (http://mse125.cankaya.edu.tr/) frequently!!!
MSE 125: Introduction to Materials Science
& General Chemistry
Chapter 1-
Course Objective: Introduce fundamental concepts in MSE
You will learn about: • material structure
• how structure dictates properties
• how processing can change structure
This course will help you to: • use materials properly
• realize new design opportunities
with materials
a
STRUCTURE
PERFORMANCE
PROCESSING
PROPERTIES
MSE 125: Introduction to Materials Science
& General Chemistry
Chapter 1- 3
TEXT BOOK Materials Science and Engineering: An
Introduction, 8th edition, 2000.
By W.D. Callister, Jr., D. G. Rethwisch
MSE 125: Introduction to Materials Science
& General Chemistry
Chapter 1- 4
REFERENCE BOOK The Science and Engineering of
Materials, SI edition, 2011.
By Donal R. Askeland, Pradeep P.
Fulay, Wendelin J. Wright
MSE 125: Introduction to Materials Science
& General Chemistry
Chapter 1- 5
WHAT ARE MATERIALS?
Chapter 1-
MATERIALS
are the stuff that we see everywhere
By a dictionary meaning;
material is anything made of a matter,
constituted of one or more substances.
6
Chapter 1-
What are Materials?
- Materials can be anything: a finished product or an
unprocessed raw material.
- natural - wood, bone, straw, wool, cotton
- man-made stuff - steel, pottery, plastic,
semiconductors, concrete, textiles, paper.
• We obtain materials from earth crust and atmosphere.
• Examples :
Silicon and Iron constitute 27.72 and 5.00
percentage of weight of earths crust respectively.
ex: hardness vs structure of steel • Properties depend on structure
Data obtained from Figs. 10.30(a)
and 10.32 with 4 wt% C composition,
and from Fig. 11.14 and associated
discussion, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.
10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig. 10.33;
and (d) Fig. 10.21, Callister & Rethwisch
8e.
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel • Processing can change structure
Structure, Processing, & Properties
Hard
nes
s (B
HN
)
Cooling Rate (ºC/s)
100
2 00
3 00
4 00
5 00
6 00
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
(d)
30 mm (c)
4 mm
(b)
30 mm
(a)
30 mm
Chapter 1- 14
Classification of Materials • Metals:
– Strong, ductile
– High thermal & electrical conductivity
– Opaque, reflective.
• Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding sharing of e’s
– Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
– Thermal & electrical insulators
– Optically translucent or transparent.
• Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) – compounds of metallic &
non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
– Brittle, glassy, elastic
– Non-conducting (insulators)
Chapter 1-
Metals: • Composed of one or more metallic elements (e.g., iron, aluminum, copper,
titanium, gold and nickel) and often also nonmetallic elements (e.g., carbon, nitrogen and oxygen) in relatively small amounts.
• They are groupped as ferrous (steels) and non-ferrous (copper, magnesium, titanium and so on) metals Cu, Al, Ni, Fe, Au, bronze (Cu-Sn), etc
• Metallic bonding; Properties: strong, ductile, resistant to fracture, high density, good conductors of heat and electricity, not transparent o visible light (free valance electrons)
Control of surface characteristics: nanoscale thin films can
be applied for optical control of glass, water repellency of
windshields and to repair of nicks/scratches
Chapter 1-
FOOD AND BEVERAGE
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Better, more
environmentally friendly
adhesives for fast food
containers
Anti-bacterial properties:
Nano silver coatings on
kitchen tools and counter-
tops kill
bacteria/microbes
Improved barrier properties for carbonated beverages or packaged foods: nanocomposites slow down the flow of gas or water vapor across the container, increasing shelf life
Chapter 1-
THE ENVIRONMENT
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Improved ability to capture
groundwater contaminants:
nanoparticles with high surface area
are injected into groundwater to
bond with contaminants
Replacements for toxic materials
Chapter 1-
SOME FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Chapter 1-
BODY ARMOR
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Stronger materials for better protection:
nanocomposites that provide unparalleled
strength and impact resistance
Flexible materials for more form-fitting
wearability: nanoparticle-based materials that
act like “liquid armor”
Lighter weight materials: nanomaterials
typically weigh less than their macroscale
counterparts
Dynamic control: nanofibers that can be
flexed as necessary to provide CPR to soldiers
or stiffen to furnish additional protection in
the face of danger
Chapter 1-
DRUG DELIVERY
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
New vehicles for delivery:
nanoparticles such as buckyballs or
other cage-like structures that
carry drugs through the body
Targeted delivery: nano vehicles
that deliver drugs to specific
locations in body
Time release: nanostructured
material that store medicine in
nanosized pockets that release
small amounts of drugs over time
Chapter 1-
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Earlier detection: specialized
nanoparticles that target cancer
cells only – these nanoparticles can
be easily imaged to find small
tumors
Improved treatments: infrared
light that shines on the body is
absorbed by the specialized
nanoparticles in the cancer cells
only, leading to an increased
localized temperature that
selectively kills the cancer cells but
leaves normal cells unharmed
CANCER
Chapter 1-
SENSORS
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Higher sensitivity: high surface
area of nanostructures that
allows for easier detection of
chemicals, biological toxins,
radiation, disease, etc.
Miniaturization: nanoscale
fabrication methods that can be
used to make smaller sensors
that can be hidden and
integrated into various objects
Chapter 1-
NEXT GENERATION COMPUTING
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
The ability to control atomic
scale phenomena: quantum or
molecular phenomena that can
be used to represent data
Faster processing speeds
Lighter weight and
miniaturized computers
Increased memory
Lower energy consumption
Chapter 1-
NANOROBOTICS Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Miniaturized fabrication of
complex nanoscale systems:
nanorobots that propel through
the body and detect/ cure
disease or clandestinely enter
enemy territory for a specific
task
Manipulation of tools at very
small scales: nanorobots that
help doctors perform sensitive
surgeries
Chapter 1-
WATER PURIFICATION
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Easier contamination removal:
filters made of nanofibers that can
remove small contaminants
Improved desalination methods:
nanoparticle or nanotube
membranes that allow only pure
water to pass through
Lower costs
Lower energy use
Chapter 1-
MORE ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT
APPLICATIONS…
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Improvements to solar cells
Improvements to batteries
Improvements to fuel cells
Improvements to hydrogen storage
CO2 emission reduction: nanomaterials that do a
better job removing CO2 from power plant exhaust
Stronger, more efficient power transmission cables:
synthesized with nanomaterials
Chapter 1-
To sum up...
Chapter 1-
Materials
• Metals
• Ceramics
• Polymers
• Composites : SPORTS, DEFENSE
• Semiconductors : ELECTRONICS
• Bio-materials : BIO-MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
• Nanomaterials: FUTURE
– Fullerenes, Nanotubes, etc
– NEMS
– NANOMACHINES
Chapter 1-
1. Pick Application Determine required Properties
2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)
3. Material Identify required Processing
Processing: changes structure and overall shape
ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping
forming, joining, annealing.
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.
Material: structure, composition.
3
The Materials Selection Process
Chapter 1-
Case Study – Material Selection
Problem: Select suitable material for bicycle frame and fork.