MScUrbanism-P1presentationRHoekstraNov1st2011

The participation of Rotterdam’s South deprived neighborhood network in the regional development perspectives of Rotterdam city and the Randstad Delta metropolis

Informal planning in a formal planning system

November 1st, 2011Ruud Hoekstra

INTRODUCTION RESEARCH Q. RELEVANCE FRAMEWORK RESEARCH APPROACH END PRODUCT TIME SCHEDULE

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCING AND FRAMING OBJECTIVESMOTIVATIONPROBLEM STATEMENT AIMS

RESEARCH QUESTIONSMAIN RESEARCH QUESTIONSUB RESEARCH QUESTION

RELEVANCESOCIETALACADEMICETHICAL

FRAMEWORKTHEORETICALPRACTICAL

RESEARCH APPROACHSTRATEGYMETHODOLOGY

END PRODUCT

TIME SCHEDULE


RUUD HOEKSTRA 1402587, GRADUATION STUDIO COMPLEX CITIES, P1 PRESENTATION, November 1st, 2011

The participation of Rotterdam’s South deprived neighborhood network in the regional development perspectives of Rotterdam city and the Randstad Delta metropolis>>INTRODUCING AND FRAMING OBJECTIVES

INTRODUCING AND FRAMING OBJECTIVESMOTIVATIONPROBLEM STATEMENT AIMS

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION RESEARCH Q. RELEVANCE FRAMEWORK RESEARCH APPROACH END PRODUCT TIME SCHEDULE





INTRODUCING AND FRAMING THE OBJECTIVES

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source; wikimedia.org

ROTTERDAM SOUTH

ROTTERDAM SOUTH

ROTTERDAMNETHERLANDS




INTRODUCING AND FRAMING THE OBJECTIVES

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sources: (highway development) rijksplannen.nl, (high-speed) bk.tudelft.nl, (mega-region development) america2050.nl

Development perspectives, Planning and Urban form

Defense Trade | defense Trade | expansion

mega-region developmenthigh-speed network developmenthighway development




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MOTIVATION

The history of development perspectives: from defence to competetiveness

the history of planning from structuralistic to post-structuralistic. Public policy is usually not well apdatpted to meet the importance of place and to handle a multitute of actors.

The position of Rotterdam South in this environment: multitute of actors, competetive directed development perspectives

sources: (concurrentie gebieden NW-Europa) rr2020.nl, (economische clusters in de regio) stadsregio.info




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Indicatoren voor selectie van de wijken

Thema Achterstanden Bron Peiljaar Sociaal-economisch 1. Inkomen RIO, CBS 2002 gemiddeld besteedbaar particulier huishoudinkomen 2. Werk RIO, CBS 2002 aandeel werkenden 3. Opleiding Wegener/Geo-

marktprofiel 2002 aandeel huishoudens met lage opleiding

vraagstelling : aantal mensen met een lage opleiding in uw straat? 9 antwoordklassen van extreem weinig via gemiddeld naar extreem veel berekening : aandeel bovengemiddeld op het totaal Fysiek Woningvoorraad CBS/Syswov/ 2002,2006 aandeel woningen klein , oud en goedkoop 4. Kleine woningen /CFV # klein : eengezinsw 4 en minder kamers; meergezinsw 3 en minder kamers 5. Oude woningen # oud : bouwjaar 1970 en eerder 6. Goedkope woningen # goedkoop : sociale huurwoningen Problemen Sociaal /leefbaarheid WBO/WoON 2002,2006sociale overlast, vandalisme Oordeel bewoner vervelende voorvallen en misdrijven in de buurt en onveiligheid 7 vandalisme # bekladding van muren en/of gebouwen, komt dit in uw buurt voor? 8 vandalisme # vernieling van telefooncellen, bus- of tramhokjes, komt dit in uw buurt voor? 9. sociale overlast # ondervindt u overlast door directe buren? 10 sociale overlast # ondervindt u overlast door omwonenden? 11. onveiligheid # bent u bang om in de woonbuurt lastig gevallen of beroofd te worden? Fysiek WBO/WoON 2002,2006 12. tevredenheid woning Hoe tevreden bent u met uw huidige woning? 13. tevredenheid woonomgeving Hoe tevreden bent u met uw huidige woonomgeving? 14. verhuisgeneigdheid Aandeel verhuisgeneigde hh en hh die al andere woning gevonden hebben op het totaal

fysieke overlast Oordeel bewoner over vervelende voorvallen in de buurt 15. geluidsoverlast # in welke mate ondervindt u in uw buurt vormen van geluidsoverlast? 16. vervuiling # idem overlast door stank, stof, vuil? 17. verkeer # idem overlast door het verkeer? 18. veiligheid # oordeel bewoner m.b.t. de veiligheid qua verkeerssituatie

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Problem 1: we observe deprivation as a place although it is part from a network.

source: (Health valley Arnhem-Nijmegen) coolregion.nl, (Stedelijke regions NL) notaruimteonline.nl, (indicatoren voor de selectie van wijken) rijksoverheid.nl

NATIONAL NATIONAL

PROVINCIAL PROVINCIAL??

MUNICIPAL MUNICIPAL




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PROBLEM STATEMENT

Problem 1: we observe deprivation as a place although it is part from a network.

Problem 2: the top down planning system and the necessity of participation in planning (bottom up).

source; ruimtelijkeplannen.bronckhorst.nl, imageshack.us

planning in functions layer approach multifunctional area development actor participation




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PROBLEM STATEMENT

Problem 1: we observe deprivation as a place although it is part from a network.Problem 2: the top down planning system and the necessity of participation in planning (bottom up).Problem 3: the approach of problems in layers instead of a trans-scale approach

layer approach development perspectives

NATIONAL

RANDSTAD2040

VISIE OP ZUID

HOLLAND

REGIOROTTERDAM

2020

vertical planning approach for execution of development perspectives

horizontal planning approachgathering stakeholders per layer and tell them what (development perspective) to do

PROVINCIAL

MUNICIPAL

scematic representation layer approach. by author




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The participation of deprived networks in development perspectives needs to be considered in a framework of:

i Competition oriented development perspectives

ii A top-down oriented spatial planning system

iii Regional networks as the context where the deprived area is part of.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

stedelijke regios available on notaruimteonline.vrom.nlcompetetiveness South-Holland available on ro.zuid-holland.nl




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AIMS

integrate deprived areas in regional development perspectives.

actor participation in development perspectives in the case of Rotterdam South and the Randstad region.

define ‘deprivation’ in the perspective of regional development.

building upon the body of knowledge of actor participation within development perspectives in a regional context. (plan-making).

PRACTICAL THEORETICAL

AIM the participation of Rotterdam’s South deprived network in the regional devel-opment perspectives of Rotterdam 2020 and Randstad 2040.

The participation of Rotterdam’s South deprived neighborhood network in the regional development perspectives of Rotterdam city and the Randstad Delta metropolis>>INTRODUCTION RESEARCH Q. RELEVANCE FRAMEWORK RESEARCH APPROACH END PRODUCT TIME SCHEDULE


MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION

MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION SUB RESEARCH QUESTIONS

RESEARCH QUESTIONS




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MAIN RESEARCH QUESTION

RQ

AIM the participation of Rotterdam’s South deprived network in the regional devel-opment perspectives of Rotterdam 2020 and Randstad 2040.

How can the deprived network of Rotterdam South participate in the develop-ment perspectives of Rotterdam 2020 and Randstad 2040?









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SUB RESEARCH QUESTIONS






RQ

AIM

SQ PRACTICAL SQ THEORETICAL

the participation of Rotterdam’s South deprived network in the regional devel-opment perspectives of Rotterdam 2020 and Randstad 2040.

How can the deprived network of Rotterdam South participate in the develop-ment perspectives of Rotterdam 2020 and Randstad 2040?

What is the deprived network of Rotterdam South and who are the involved actors in which scales (national, provincial, municipal, neighborhood)?

How can actors participate in planning or plan making?

What are the development perspectives of Rotterdam South and the ‘Randstad’ and how is the decision structure and position of actors within the execution?


Which actor engaging concepts stimulate decision power in the spatial planning process of regional development perspectives?

The participation of Rotterdam’s South deprived neighborhood network in the regional development perspectives of Rotterdam city and the Randstad Delta metropolis>>INTRODUCTION RESEARCH Q. RELEVANCE FRAMEWORK RESEARCH APPROACH END PRODUCT


TIME SCHEDULE

SOCIETAL

RELEVANCE

SOCIETALACADEMIC ETHICAL




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SOCIETAL RELEVANCE

People who do have a choice will chose another more connected place while people who do not have the resources are condemned to less desirable places, the fragments. van Kempen (2005).

1/3th (200.000) of the Rotterdams population (612.050) lives in one of the 7 deprived neighborhoods (krachtwijken) Rijksoverheid (2011)

Rijksoverheid (2011) 40 aandachtswijken/RotterdamKempen van, R. (2005) Restructurating large housing estates in Europe. Policy Press p. 7




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ACADEMIC RELEVANCE

The combination of these topics in the context of deprived areas asks for new theory on participation of deprived networks in regional development perspectives.

- Actor participation in planning and the improvement of livability in deprived areas.- Development perspectives and its top down approach in a regional network environment- A stronger voice of civil society asks for more participation in planning.

The current planning system with its layer approach has in its current way little grip on the region as a network in the total urban system.

Saris J, Modder J, Ree van P, Stamsnijder M, (2011) Stedelijke regio’s, over informele planning op een regionale schaal. Rotterdam: Nai Uitgevers




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ETHICAL RELEVANCE

“Spatial planning is not a hobby of a limited number of professionals. It has to be a service, promoting citizen participation and realizing consumer sovereignty. For urban planners this means: generating alternative plans, and mobilizing long-term stake-holders to express their preferences and to make choices.” P348 Priemus, Hall (2004)

In the competitive world of today and tomorrow where differences in prosperity are becoming bigger, it is the task of the urban planner to intervene in the spatiality of the problem.

There were citizens in less prosperity have little voice in decisions we as urban planners have to generate alternative plans to counteract this phenomenon in order to keep balance in the societal community.

Interative maquette Rotterdam available on: mimoa.euPriemus, H., & Hall, P. (2004). Multifunctional Urban Planning of Mega-City-Regions. Journal of Built Environment Vol30(4) p. 348



TIME SCHEDULE

THEORETICAL

FRAMEWORK

THEORETICAL PRACTICALdevelopment perspectivessite location / deprivation in Rotterdam




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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Globalization and development perspectivessplintering Urbanism / fragmentation

network regionseconomy and infrastructure based development

Participation theoryconcepts (ANT, ARA)

activation of actors (or how search/locate them?)best practices in Europe

decision power structurestrampas (valkuilen) for participation

Which approaches have been taken to engage actors in different planning systems?which actor participation concepts stimulate decision power in the spatial planning process of regional

development perspectives?

Planning integration theories(Exploration of successful planning integration strategies for deprived areas in Europe)

Vienna (normative mixed program rule)

REVIEW PAPER AR3U020




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PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK | ‘Randstad 2040’

NationalRandstad 2040 network region

plann

ing sy

stem(

s) or

decis

ion

makin

g pro

cess

es. W

ho is

in po

wer

for w

hat d

ecisi

on?

ProvincialSouth wing (Randstad)Visie op Zuid-Holland

MunicipalRotterdam 2020

NeighborhoodPact op Zuid

Development perspectives

Randstad 2040 (source: rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/randstad/randstad-2040/speerpunten-randstad-2040)

Main focal points- Climate change- Versatile landscape- International position- Housing and accessibility

“The region Amsterdam, with the South axe as top location, has an economic international top position. Schiphol is one of the biggest airports of Europe, Rotterdam has a world-port, the Hague is a city of governance, justice and peace and Utrecht is pre-eminently the knowledge city. The Greenports are international market leader around production, processing and logistics of horticulture and floriculture. Thes function are being strengthened. Moreover the cabinet wants to include this cities in the international network of public transport and road to make them even more attractive.”




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PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK | ‘Visie op Zuid-Holland’


plann

ing sy

stem(

s) or

decis

ion

makin

g pro

cess

es. W

ho is

in po

wer

for w

hat d

ecisi

on?





source: http://www.zuid-holland.nl/overzicht_alle_themas/thema_ruimtelijke_ontwikkeling_wonen/visieopzuidholland.htm

Main focal points

- An attractive and competitive international profile- Durable and climate proof delta province- Divers and coherence urban network- Vital, divers and appealing landschape- City and land connected




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PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK | ‘Regio Rotterdam 2020’


plann

ing sy

stem(

s) or

decis

ion

makin

g pro

cess

es. W

ho is

in po

wer

for w

hat d

ecisi

on?





p59 Report Ruimtelijk Plan Regio Rotterdam, Tien punten voor de regio Rotterdam (2005) available on: http://www.rr2020.nl/Documenten/brochure%20plan.pdf

Main focal points

1.North axes: diversity on the inner-flank of the Randstad metropolis2.South flank: Delta landscape3.International center Rotterdam: strengthen, broaden and densifying4.Greenport B-triangle: sustainable glashousing landscape5.River zones: utilization of regional opportunity map6.Break in the tendency of restructuration7.Pro-active approach of the environmental issues8.Offensive approach of green and water9.Investment in the strengthening of infrastructure and nodes10.Strengthening the South-wing structure




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PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK | ‘Pact op Zuid’


plann

ing sy

stem(

s) or

decis

ion

makin

g pro

cess

es. W

ho is

in po

wer

for w

hat d

ecisi

on?





Source: http://www.pactopzuid.info/index.php?pageID=22

Main focal points

The intention of the Pact is to combine forces with the municipal executive, housing corporations, sub-municipalities, school governors, residents’ associations, business associations, care and welfare institutions, the Government, district water boards and the European Union.

The three keystones of the Rotterdam South Pact, which are to enhance the social, economic and physical qualities of Rotterdam South, are: Thriving Neighborhoods, Attractive Districts and Strong Rotterdam South.




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PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK | site location / deprivation in Rotterdam

IJSSELMONDE

FEIJENOORD

CHARLOIS66.000

87.210

60.870

Source: google.nl/maps and own illustration

ROTTERDAM SOUTH’S DISTRICTS200.000 + inhabitants | Rotterdam 612.502




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Source: google.nl/maps, own illustration, http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/aandachtswijken/40-aandachtswijken/rotterdam/rotterdam-oud-zuid

ROTTERDAM SOUTH’S DISTRICTS OF EMPOWERMENT (krachwijken)FeijenoordAfrikaanderwijk, Bloemhof, HillesluisKatendrechtVreewijk

CharloisOud CharloisCarnisseTarwewijkPendrechtZuidwijk





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Source: google.nl/maps, own illustration, safety index available on rotterdamveilig.nl / v-index.nl

ROTTERDAM SOUTH’S NEIGHBORHOODS | SAFETY


< 3,9 unsave neighborhoodproblem neighborhoodthreatened neighborhoodpriority neighborhoodreasonably safe neighborhood

3,9-5,05,0-6,06,0-7,1 >7,1



TIME SCHEDULE

RESEARCH STRATEGY

RESEARCH APPROACH

RESEARCH STRATEGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY




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RESEARCH STRATEGY

RQ

SQ PRACTICAL

ANALYSIS

CASE STUDIES

development perspectiveswhat is the position of actors?planning systemshistory?decision powerwho is in power for which decisions?definition deprivationwhat is deprivation and is it a place or a network?The case of Rotterdam SouthHow does the deprived network appear in the regional network of ROtterdam and the Randstad?

Limburgwhat is the position of actors?

literature reviewwhat is the position of actors?

globalization and development perspectivessplintering urbanism?

participation theorieswhich participation theories are there?

SQ THEORETICAL

SLITERATURE RESEARCH

How can the deprived network of Rotterdam South participate in the development perspectives of Rot-terdam 2020 and Randstad 2040?




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RESEARCH STRATEGY

CASE STUDIES

EVALUATION

INTEGRATION STRATEGIES FOR DEPRIVED NETWORKS IN DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES

FINAL PRODUCT

Limburgwhat is the position of actors?

what is the practical applicability of the design intervention proposels?

design intervention proposels development perspectives knowledge on actor participation of deprived networks in development perspectives

adapted integration strategiesrecommendations on futher research

PRODUCT PRODUCT




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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY



theoretical practical

What is the deprived network of Rotterdam South and who are the involved actors in which scales (national, provincial, municipal, neighborhood)?


sub-research questionsmethods

LR

LR = literature research SO = site observation DR = design researchDA = data research CA = case studies RD = research by designM = mapping CS = scenarios

DA M SO CA CS DR RD

schematic representation research methodology (own illustration)

Literature research (LR)TheoreticalReviewing the theory on participation in the spatial planning process in order to retrieve theoretical insight which should be useable in forming a bottom-up approach in the planning process of development perspectives.Practical documentsThe review on actor involvement and analysis of documents as development perspectives set up by the public sector. Aim is to retrieve possible entries for participation in the creation of these perspectives.

Case studies (CA)The case study consists of a comparison between the actor network and the influence in the development perspective as well the participation in the planning process. The case study(ies) should be conducted within an matrix and in a methodological way to offer a solid basis for their evaluation and the usability of the findings / results.



TIME SCHEDULE

END PRODUCT

END PRODUCT

BOTTOM-UP APPROACH DEVELOPEMENT PERSPECTIVES

ACTOR PARTICIPATION IN PLANNINGDEFINITION DEPRIVED NETWORK




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END PRODUCT

Randstad 2040 national

Curre

nt tra

dition

al top

-dow

n cre

ated d

evelo

pmen

t pe

rspec

tives

South wing (Randstad)Provincial

Rotterdam 2020Municipal

Pact op ZuidNeighorhood


schematic representation end products and hypothesis (own illustration)

Design intervention proposels within the development perspectives to stimulate integration of the deprived network among scales




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END PRODUCT


Curre

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Curre

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Bottu

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rticipa

tion i

n plan

ning

Top-

down

appr

oach

:

Trad

itiona

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lannin

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Actor participation (deprived network) in the planning process.

In the context of post-structuralistic planning (layer approach)

delivers input for the current debate; is the structuralistic planning still suitable for regional objectives?




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END PRODUCT


Curre

nt tra

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Curre

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rspec

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Bottu

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Top-

down

appr

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:

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Definition of deprived network and localization of actors in the different scale-levels.



TIME SCHEDULE

TIME SCHEDULE

PHASING




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TIME SCHEDULE

evalu

ation

conc

olida

tion

revie

w me

thodo

logy

grad

uatio

n

Sept.2011 2012

Okt. Nov.

P1 P2 go/no go P5P3 P4 go/no go

Dec. Jan. Feb. Mrt. Apr. Mei Jun. Jul.

TF

TF theoretical framework

TP

TP thesis plan

PF

PF practical framework

CE

CE case studie; best practices Europe

CR

CR case studie; Rotterdam South

APT

APT actor participation theory deprived areas

RPA

RPA recommendations for participating actors

TEST

TEST testing instruments in design proposel interventions

TR

TR thesis report

425

8 9

76

3

21

3456

789

abstract theoretical review papergraduation motivation poster

preliminary thesis plantheoretical review paperthesis plantheory on participation of actors (deprived areas) in development prospectivesrecommendations on development plans to integrate deprived areasdraft thesis reportthesis report

1

schematic representation phasing and time schedule (own illustration)




building upon the body of knowledge of actor partici-pation within development perspectives in a regional context. (plan-making).


social relevance ethical relevance academic relevance

PRODUCT PRODUCT

RQ

AIMthe participation of Rotterdam’s South deprived network in the regional development perspectives of Rotterdam 2020 and Randstad 2040.

How can the deprived network of Rotterdam South participate in the development perspectives of Rot-terdam 2020 and Randstad 2040?

SQ PRACTICAL SQ THEORETICALWhat is the deprived network of Rotterdam South and who are the involved actors in which scales (national, provincial, municipal, neighborhood)?





EVALUATION

FINAL PRODUCT

what is the practical applicability of the design intervention proposels?

adapted integration strategiesrecommendations on futher research

design intervention proposels development perspectives

knowledge on actor participation of deprived networks in development perspectives



NEXT STEPS




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ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES (practical)

i which actors involved (practical)ii decision power structures

products (theoretical):A participation of deprived network in the development persepctive

Development perspective Randstad 2040 Cramer J., Eurlings C., Verburg G. (2008) Randstad 2040 available on: rijksoverheid.nlDevelopment perspective Visie op Zuid Holland, available on: zuid-holland.nlDevelopment perspective Regio Rotterdam 2020, available on: rr2020.nlPlan description Pact op Zuid, available on: pactopzuid.info




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Curre

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dition

al pla

nning

syste

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Bottu

m-up

appr

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Top-

down

appr

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ANALYSIS OF THE LAYER APPROACH (theoretical)

i layer approach (theory) Heeling, Meyer & Westrik Dupuy (Network City) Castells (Space of Flows) Lefebvre (Social Space)ii participation concepts (theory: review paper) ANT, ARAiii definition deprivation as a network

products (theoretical):A interscalar approach (post structuralistic planning)B participation as deprived network in planningC definition deprived network




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COMPARATIVE RESEARCH (practical)

Hillside Delights, South Limburgi actor localizationii actor participation (practical: review paper)iii development perspective

products (theoretical):A interscalar approach (post structuralistic planning)B participation as deprived network in planningC definition deprived network

Boelens, L. (2010). Theorizing practice and practicing theory: Outlines for an Actor-Relational-Approach in planning. Journal of Planning Theory. Vol9(1): 28-62Omgevingsschap Heuvelland Zuid-Limburg Helende Hellingen, available on: urbanunlimited.nl




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SITE RESEARCH

Rotterdam-south, Rotterdami mapping deprived network ii actor localization (which actors are represented within the deprived network?)iii current development perspectiveiiii current upgrading strategies

products (practical):A depicted deprived network (for research: how to locate a deprived network)B practical example of actor localization



THE END

SUGGESTIONS?

MScUrbanism-P1presentationRHoekstraNov1st2011

Education

rq ment perspectives

aim opment perspectives

visie op zuid

regional development perspectives

spatial planning process

power planning system

rotterdam south participate

post structuralistic planning