mµµsc’’kYYm’’t¾¾Łiiuu amŒn’’;mmYY;€¦ · Ø/mµsc’kYm’" .;s;¤pn’ziuxYk’Ł a/ikrŒ’rVy’xYk’sŒ’ z=’"rENVm’"p:"¤pI" pŒ;er"´ xY i˚¾tEes;

////mmmmµµµµsssscccc''''kkkkYYYYmmmm''''""""ttttiiiiu uuu¾ ¾¾¾���� aaaammmm����''''nnnn;;;;mmmmmmmmYYYY;;;;""""

kkkkYYYYmmmm''''"""" aaaaxxxxnnnn''''""""ååååkkkkIIII"""" aaaaxxxxnnnn''''""""====yyyy'''' cccc;;;;mmmmYYYYkkkk''''NNNNHHHH;;;;

rH='mSExrc'v=' .......................................................28 ...............1071 ............... 1

rH='m;kuxrc'v=' .......................................................16 ............... 678 ............... 72

rH='luk;xrc'v='' .....................................................24 ...............1151 ...............117

rH='ey;hn'xrc'v='...............................................21 ............... 879 ...............193

tmn'etÉvtÏ�.........................................................28 ...............1007 ...............248

er;måsv:dc; .........................................................16 ............... 433 ...............320

ek;riNê�åsv:dc;pqmec;=' ..........................16 ............... 437 ...............358

ek;riNê�åsv:dc;dutiyec;=' ........................ 13 ............... 257 ...............390

gl;tiåsv:dc; .....................................................6 ............... 149 ...............411

äfk'åsv:dc;...........................................................6 ............... 155 ...............423

filipi¹åsv:dc; ..........................................................4 ............... 104 ...............435

ek;el;sEåsv:dc; ......................................... 4 ............... 95 ...............444

sk's;el;nit'åsv:dc;pqmec;='..... 5 ............... 89 ...............452

sk's;el;nit'åsv:dc;dutiyec;=' ... 3 ............... 47 ...............459

tiem;esåsv:dc;pqmec;=' ..................... 6 ............... 113 ...............463

tiem;esåsv:dc;dutiyec;=' ................... 4 ............... 83 ...............473

tituåsv:dc;............................................................3 ............... 46 ...............480

fielmun'åsv:dc; ....................................................1 ............... 25 ...............484

eh¨bEåsv:dc; ..........................................................13 ............... 303 ...............486

rH='y;kup'åsv:dc; .............................................. 5 ............... 108 ...............511

rH='eptruåsv:dc;pqmec;=' ....................... 5 ............... 105 ...............519

rH='eptruåsv:dc;dutiyec;='...................... 3 ............... 61 ...............528

rH='ey;hn'åsv:dc;pqmec;=' .................. 5 ............... 105 ...............533

rH='ey;hn'åsv:dc;dutiyec;='................. 1 ............... 13 ...............541

rH='ey;hn'åsv:dc;ttiyec;='.............. 1 ............... 15 ...............542

rH='yudåsv:dc;........................................................1 ............... 25 ...............543

bY;dit'kYm'" ...............................................................22 ............... 405 ...............546

é/mµsc'kYm'" .;s;¨pn'ziuxYk'� a/ikr�'rVy'xYk's�' z='"rENVm'"p:"¨pI" p�;er"Â

xY�iʾtEes; lUtn'"c;"mY;"NH='¾ kel"mY;"tiu¾� a/ikliuap'xYk'mY;"kiu ¨f�'¾z�'"ep"rn'

¨p='z='q;"¨x='" ¨fc's�'> qiu¾eåk;='¾ é.;s;¨pn'ziuxYk'tV=' rHp'eqV"es;0:kYmY;"NH='¾

xk'xEes;ck;"lu®"kiu su®"q;"¨x='"mrHi> é/mµsc'kYm'" .;s;¨pn'ziuxYk'kiu ft'es;

sUs�' pqmaåkim'ft'x='"Âp='�='" ziuliur='"a/ip¹:y'kiu tikYmn'kn'cV; se.;ep:k'

Nui='el;k'ea;=' lVy'kUes;ck;"lu®"mY;"kiu asu®"¨p�ã er"s;"¨x='" ¨fc's�'>

éek;='"eo;kYm'"c; .;o;¨pn'ziu x='"kiu wI"ez;='lm'"¨po�'¾ ae¨xx®kYeo;ar;

tc'xuo�' ek;='"eo;zk'sVy'¨x='" ¨fc'o�'> .;o;¨pn'ziuoUmY;"�a/ikr�'rVy'

xYk'mH; mUr='"kYm'"c;er"o;"xE¾eo; oUmY;"�ck;"kiu qiuaxYin'rHilUmY;"atVk'l�'"

qier;k'ã o.;vkYokE¾oiu¾ c;ft'oUmY;"atVk'l�'" qier;k''ã o.;vkYrn'

¨fc'o�'> tikYmHn'kn'eo; .;o;¨pn'ziu¨x='"o�' a.i/;n'ÂrHieo; ck;"l®u"mY;"NH='¾

kiuk'�Ifiu¾o;lYH=' mhut'p:> �='"o�' mUr='"ck;"kiu pu®c®tc'xu qut'efÉeo;n�'"cnc'

¨fc'¨pI'" a/ip¹:y'tU�Ifiu¾o;lYH=' mhut'pE zk'NVy'múUrHi¨x='"< tU�Ieo;cit'v='c;"múukiu ¨fc'

ec¨x='"NH='¾ lVn'xE¾eo;NHc'eq;='ep:='"mY;"cV;kE¾oiu ¾ yen¾axYin'Âl�'" tU�Ies;qi

er;k'múuriHrn' ¨fc'o�'>

qiu¾eåk;='¾ qier;k'eo;zk'oVy'¨x='"o�' émUr='"kYm'"kiu .;s;¨pn'ziuoUmY;"a

tVk' alVn'aer"åkI'"epo�'> ézk'oVy'rn' zN¶o�' tikYmHn'kn'x='kiu n�'"p:"ecrn'

m¨p¬xE¾p:> oiu¾eoÉ tikYmHn'kn'x='"o�' mHn'kn'eo;oe.;q;"kiu ¨peo;ar;a¨fc'n;"

l�'xE¾r¨pI" erH"kYeo;.;o;ck;"axYk'alk'mY;"kiu tikYcV;ep"yU¨x='"mhut'p:>

omµ;kYm'"c;kiu er"o;"¨p¬cueo;oUmY;"< aqUU"o¨f='¾ /mµoc'kYm'"er"o;"xYk'mY;"kiu

qut'lup'eo;oUmY;"tiu¾� aou®"¨p¬eo;ck;"aou®"aNúUn'"a;"¨f='¾ oUtiu¾o�' ek;='"eo;

zk'sVy'x='"Â alVn'cit'v='c;"eåk;='" ¨poq;"o�'> ékYm'"c;kui .;o;¨pn'eo;

oUtiu¾o�' aer"åkI"eo;wpm;kiuliuk'rn' z='¨x='ro�'> q¾iueåk;='¾ oUtiu¾priot'

mY;"q®oiu¾ lVy'kUã o.;vkYeo;kYm'"c;�a/ip¹:y'kiu e¨p;åk;"rn' ez;='rVk'xE¾

o�'> oUtiu¾o�'n;"l�' oe.;ep:k'rn' at;"azI'"¨fc'o�'¾ ar;mY;"kiu ¨p¬lup'm�'¾

ac;"< kYm'"c;�omµ;tr;"mY;"kiu fV='¾ep"ã n;"l�'rn' lVy'kUeo;.;o;ck;"kiu

ao®u"¨p¬åko�'>

vii

amH;c;

n;"l�'se.;ep:k'rn' akUa�Iep"es; aqU"rH='"l='"ef;'pxYk'mY;"kui é.;s;

¨pn'zui¨x='"tV=' as®u"¨p¬s�'> liur='"tiurH='"siu¾ sui¾mhut' a/ip¹:y'tUes; ck;"l®u"

mY;"s�' mUr='"kYm'"qErHixk'xEes; ck;"l®u"en;k'tV=' tx:tr® luik'tt's�'> é

rH='"l='"xYk'ck;l®u"mY;"tui¾s�' v:kYatV='" pud'¨ft'x®ã ef;'¨pq;"s�'> puiã rH='"¨p

rn' luiap'es;ck;"l®u"mY;" sui¾mhut' ck;"cumY;"tui¾s�' xerpV='¾amHt's;" mY;"¨f='¾

mHt's;"q;"¨pI" c;mYk'NH;ea;k'pui='"rHi rH='"l='"xYk'mY;"tV=' rH='"¨pq;"s�'> qui¾a¨p='

kYm''"c;kui" k;"xYk'mY;"kui xVE¨x;"¨p¨pI"kVElVEes;ft'zui¨x='"mY;"kui ep"q;"s�'> tx:

tr®c;piud'qEÂ as®u"¨p¬es;ck;"l®u"mY;" sui¾mhut' ef;'¨pxYk'mY;"tui¾s�' mUr='"kYm'"Â

rHies;a/ip¹:y'kui puimuirH='"l='"ecrn' aeq;k'akUp¬s�'> ékE¾sui¾es; rH='"l='"xYk'

ck;"l®u"mY;" sui¾mhut' ck;"cumY;"tui¾s�'kV='"ckV='"pit'¨f='¾ mHt's;"s�'> /mµsc'

kYm'"rHi pqmel"aup'tui¾ÂrHies; c;piud'ex:='"cw'mY;"s�' tx:tr® et;k'elYH;k'

kiu"k;"xYk'mY;"¨f='¾ luik'tt's�'> éar;mY;"s�' t¨x;"kYm'"Â etV¾rHis�'¾tU�I

viii

es;ar;mY;"kiu ef;'¨ps�'>

/mµsc'kYm'"hUes;am�'s�' smµ;kYm'"c;�en;k'z®u"apiu='"kui ¨f�'¾cVk'es; er"s;"

xYk'tc'xukui ef;'¨prn' r;cuep:='"mY;"cV;kp=' as®u"¨p¬xE¾es;n;m�'tc'xu ¨fc's�'>ÊÊÊÊqui¾

eåk;='¾ smµ;kYm'"c;s�' c;aup'NHc'aup'kui cuep:=''"er"s;"q;"¨x='"¨fc's�'> amHn'c='cc'

kYm'"c;hUes;ck;"l®u"s�'grick;"mH z='"sk'l;¨pI" Òc;aup'mY;"Ó hua/ip¹:y'r

s�'> /mµkYm'"hUes;ck;"l®u"s�' Òp$i�;w'tr;"Ó sui¾mhut' Òse.;tU�IxYk'Ó

hUã.;s;¨pn'zuirs�'> �='"s�' lUtui¾a;" ek;='"åkI"ep"rn' .ur;"sx='�gtiet;'

kui r�'MÃn'"s�'> /mµeh;=''"kYm'"s�' em;erH�axYi'n'tV=' .ur;"sx='NH='¾ yudlUmY�i"tui¾ÊÊÊp¬

lup'xE¾es;se.;tU�IxYk'NH='¾ pt'sk'et;'mUes;cuez;='"er"s;"xYk'mY;" ¨fc's�'>

/mµsc'kYm'"s�' eyrúuxrc'kiu yu®åk�'es;lUmY;"NH='¾ .ur;"sx='¨p�lup'es;se.;

tU�IxYk'NH='¾pt'sk''ã cuez;='"er"s;"xYk'mY;" ¨fc's�'>

/mµeh;='"kYm'" er"s;"xYk'mY;"s�' yudlUmY�i"mY;"aepò .ur;"sx='�åkI"m;"es;

lup'ez;='xYk'mY;"NH='¾ quilUmY;"kui as®u"¨p¬¨x='"¨f='¾ sU�ek;='"åkI"mg¿l;mY;"kui tc'

el;kl®u"siu¾ sy'ez;='rn' .ur;"sx='�aåk®ac�'kui ef;'¨ps�'> quier"s;"xYk'

mY;"s�' .ur;"sx='�aåk®ac�'kui ¨p�'¾c®uecfui ¾rn' sUeclÃt'm�'¾ ky't='rH='

(su¾imhut') ÒemrHiyÓ epòqVn'"l;¨x='"kui ec;='¾emY;'åk�¾¾'s�'> /mµsc'kYm'"er"s;"xYk'

mY;"s�'' /mµeh;='"kYm'"� en;k'zk'tVEmY;" ¨fc's�'> /mµeh;='"kYm'"NH='¾ /mµsc'

kYm'"tiu¾s�' ky't='rH=' epòqVn'"l;¨x='"NH='¾ lUa;"lu®"atVk' eyrúuxrc'et;'åkVl;

¨x='"kiu er"s;"ef;'¨pq;"s�'> /mµeh;='"kYm'"s�' /mµsc'kYm''"kui n;"l�'se.;

ep:k'rn' luiap'es;smui='"en;k'x®mY;"kui eq;k'p®¾es;eåk;='¾ alVn'aer"åkI'"s�'>

/mµsc'kYm'"s�' /mµeh;='"Â ct='xE¾es;ky't='¨x='"aeåk;='"kui ¨p�'¾c®uecs�'>

////mmmmµµµµeeeehhhh;;;;====''''""""kkkkYYYYmmmm''''""""

/mµeh;='"kYm'" er"s;"xYk'mY;"s�' asI'"sI"es;c;er"zr;tui¾a;"¨f='¾ qut'lup'

es; amY�i"mY�i"es;kYm"'aup's®u"zy'¾kui"aup'kui cuez;='"er"s;"¨x='" ¨fc's�'> �='"tiu¾

s�' mY;"es;a;"¨f='¾ �serllUmY�i"tui¾� erH"eh;='".;s;ck;"¨fc's�'¾ eh¨bE

.;s;¨f='¾ er"s;"xE¾s�'> b;bulun'a='p:r;� ru®"s®u®".;s;ck;"¨fc's�''¾ a;r;mit'

.;s;ck;"¨f='¾ er"s;"xE¾es;c;piud'an�'"=y'l�'" rHis�'> /mµeh;='"kYm'"�txY�i¾

es;acit'apui=''"mY;"s�' lVn'xE¾es;NHc'ep:='"su®"eq;='=:"r;el;k'k er"s;"xE¾¨pI"

ix

pqmz®u"er"s;"¨x='"NH='¾ en;k'z®u"er"s;"¨x='"s�' NHc'ep:='"tc'eq;='ekY;'xE¾s�'>

nid:n'"

écuez;='" er"s;"xYk'mY;"tV=' p�t'kYm'"< smui='"mY;"< sut ®kYm'"mY;"< sIxY='"mY;"<

kbY;mY;"NH='¾ p�;riHtui¾� z®u"måsv:dmY;" p:v='s�'>

/mµeh;='"kYm'"s�' apui='"s®u"pui='"¨f='¾ pui='"¨x;"q;"s�'> �='"tui¾mH; p�t'kYm'"< per;

fk'kYm'"mY;"NH='¾ sn'¾rH='"es;er"s;"xYk'mY;" hUã¨fc's�'> p�t'kYm'"tV=' em;erH�

er"xE¾es;kYm'"aup'=:"aup' p:v='s�'> pqmkYm'"mH; kmõ;wI"kYm'"¨fc'pI'"< �='"tV=' kVJNu'p'

tui¾siskE¾sui¾ kmõ;W"acNH='¾ lUey;kY';"< lUmin'"mtui¾s�' .ur;"sx='kui zn'¾kY='es;

sUtui¾�pqmz®u"a¨pc'kui ef;'pq;"s�'> �='"s�' åkI'"m;"es;erlÃm'"mui"¨x='"NH='¾ erlVm'"

mui"¨x='"mH .ur;"sx='ky't='et;'mUes; mis;"cuaeåk;='"< �serllUmY¬i"mY;"�ac

mY;"NH='¾ .ur;"sx='s�' mimi�aqU"rM'rVy'xYk'atVk' as®u"¨p¬rn' erV"xYy'q;"es;lU

mY;"aeåk;='" ef;'¨pq;"s�'>

aaaa;;;;¨bbbb®®®®hhhh®®®®����aaaaeeeeååååkkkk;;;;====''''""""

.ur;"sx='s�' y®uåk�'x='" åkI"m;"es;sUtc'ey;k'fc'es; a;¨b®h®NH='¾ se.;tU

�IxYk' ¨p¬lup'xE¾s�'> quise.;tU�IxYk'tV=' .ur;"sx='s�' a;¨b®h®kiuu åkI'"m;"es;

lUmY�i"�fx='fc'ecrn'NH=¾' sU�amY�i"aNVy'tui¾a;" x:nn'p�'kui ep"rn' gtip¬et;'mUs�'>

a;¨b®h®s�' quise.;tU�IxYk'kui lk'x®¨pss�'¾aen¨f='¾ sUs�' aerfY;"lHI"¨x='"

kui\x®xE¾¨pI" aerfY;"lúI'"¨x='"s�' .ur;"sx='NH='¾ sU�lUmY;"aåk;"ÂrHies; se.;

tU�IxYk'�sk'esaeq;k'aq;" ¨fc'l;xE¾s�'> .ur;"sx='s�' sU¨p¬lup'xE¾es;

gtiet;'kui m�'sui¾p¬lup'm�'kui a;¨b®h®s�' msies;'=;"l�'" sUs�' .ur;"sx='kui

y®uåk�'kui"c;"xE¾s�'> éar;s�' .uur;"sx='kui alVn'ekYnp'ecs�'>

.ur;"sx='s�' a;¨b®h®a;"sU�aim'mH qVk'sV;"rn'e¨p;¨pI" sU�gtiet;'tui='"¨p�'¨fc'

es;x:n;n'p�'sui¾ wI"ez;='lm'"¨pxE¾s�'> sUs�' ask'arVy'åkI'"l;es;ax:ÊÊÊ�¬jk'

huexòes;s;"tc'ey;k'rHis�'> �¬jk's�' y;kup'hu exòes;s;"tc'ey;k'

rrHis�'> y;kup's�' s;"zy'¾NHc'ey;k'NH='¾ smI"tc'ey;k'rHis�'> émis;"cus�'

�serllUmY�i" ¨fc'l;xE¾s�'> sui¾es;'é lUmY�i"�ar='"a¨mc'kui mem¾elY;¾Nuui='xE¾p:>

�='"s�' �serllUmY�i"zy¾'NHc'mY�i" y;kup'mH z='"sk'l;es;lUmY�i"zy'¾NHc'mY�i"tui¾�

aeåk;='"kui zk'lk'MÃn'¨pq;"s�'> élUmY�i"mY;"mH;< rub='< rHiem;='< elvi< yud<

dn'< ns;li< gd'< a;rH;< �sx:< j;buln'< ey;sp'NH='¾ by;¿min'tui¾ ¨fc's�'> a/i

kerH"fx='åkI'"s®u"wI"¨fc'es;a;¨b®h®< �¬jk'NH='¾ y;kup' (�serl)tiu¾kui �serl

lUmY�i"tui¾�fx='åkI"mY;" sui¾mhut' mY�i"xYc'pug©i¬l'mY;" huexòs�'>

a;¨b®h®s�' a¨x;"lUmY�i" tc'mY�i"tui¾i� Òfx='Ól�'" ¨fc's�'> .ur;"sx='s�' sU¾atVk'

ck;"e¨p; ep"m�'¾lUtc'xY�i¾tiu¾kui erH"ext'�serlNui='=®tV=' aåkim'ep:='"mY;"cV; exò

el¾rHis�'> ékE¾sui'¾es;lUmY;" sui¾mhut' per;fk'mY;"tui¾s�' kYn'rHies;.ur;"sx='

�lUmY;"atVk' sU�kuiy'c;"lHy'mY;" ¨fc'åks�'> .ur;"sx='s�' �serllUmY�i"

tui¾kui gtiet;'mY;" stiep"xYk'mY;"< p�t'et;'mY;"< z®u"måsv:dmY;"< aetV¾aåk®¬mY;"

x

mHrrHies;s='xn'"c;mY;"NH='¾ an;gt'tV=' ¨fc'pYk'm�'¾ ar;mY;"kui ae¨xx®ess='xn'"c;

mY;"kui per;fk'mY;"a;"¨f='¾ ep"xE¾s�'> a;¨bh® Òeh¨bElUÓs�' kYm'"c;qEÂ ef;'

¨pq;"es;pqmwI'"z®u" per;fk'¨fc's�'>

kkkkVVVVJJJJnnnn''''xxxx®®®®¨xxxx====''''""""mmmmHHHH ����sssseeeerrrrllllllllUUUUmmmmYYYY����i iii""""mmmmYYYY;;;;"""" llllVVVVtttt''''eeee¨mmmm;;;;kkkk''''¨xxxx====''''""""

y;kup'mH z='"sk'l;es;sU�mis;"cus�' aey;k'xuNHc'zy'el;k'tiu"pV;"xE¾s�'>

sU�s;"mY;"qEmH tc'ey;k'¨fc'es;ey;sp's�' aEgut �¨p�'tV=' ar;rHiåkI'"tc'

ey;k' ¨fc'l;xE¾s�'> quiax:Â x:n;n'p�'tV=' ac;ex:='"p:"es;eåk;='¾ y;kup'NH='¾

sU�mis;"cutui¾s�' ac;ep:mY;"ã ask'rH='¨x='"puiã lVy'kUes;enr;aEgut �¨p�'sui¾

e¨p;='"erþ¾l;åks�'> éeh¨bEamY�i"aNVy'tui¾s�' lUmY�i"=y'tc'xua¨fc'''åkI''"qV;"l;åk

es;eåk;='¾ aEgut �.ur='f;er;s�' sUtui¾kui kVJn'¨p¬els�'> aNHc'el"r;ekY;'¨pI''"

en;k' .ur;"sx='s�' per;fk'em;erHkui as®u"¨p¬ã aEgut �¨p�' kVJn'x®es;

�serllUmY�i"tui¾a;" lVt'e¨m;k'ecp®uNH='¾ p:lk'ctui='"¨p�'sui¾ sUtui¾kui ¨pn'l�'exò

ez;='l;p®umY;"kui qVk'e¨m;k'r;kYm'"tV=' ef;'¨pq;"s�'> lVt'e¨m;k'¨x='"atVk''

tn'fui"s�' ¨m='¾m;"es;''l�'" aEgut �lUmY�i"tui¾ ep"zp'rm�'¾ar;¨fc's�'> f;er;.ur='

s�' sUtui¾kui sV;"xV='¾¨p¬rn' se.;mtUmHItV=' sUNH='¾aEgut �lUmY�i"tui¾�mis;"cua;"l®u"tui¾

s�' sUtui¾�s;"wI"ey;k'Y;"mY;"kui z®u"rHu®"xE¾rs�'> �serllUmY¬i"tui¾s�' éar;

mY;"kui sUtui¾�vt'p¬kui'"kVy'x='"NH='¾ yj'pUej;'x='"mY;"tV=' n�'"lm'"amY�i"mY�i"¨f='¾ en;k'

puui='"tV=' stirrn'NH='¾ lUmY;"lVt'e¨m;k'Nui='fui¾rn'atVk' s;"wI"mY;"kui esz®u"ecxE¾¨x='"

¨fc's�'>

�serllUmY�i"tui¾s�' sUtui¾�lVt'e¨m;k'¨x='"xrI'"cw'atVk' az='¾s='¾ ¨fc'xE¾åks�'>

sUtui¾s�' aEgut �¨p�'mH qVk'e¨m;k'rn'atVk' avt'ac;"mY;" vt'z='xE¾åks�'>

mis;"cutui='"s�' sui"s=y'tc'ek;='cIst'ã mI"k='xE¾åks�'> sui"s=y'�aesV"kui

sUtui¾�t®x:"vtiu='tV=' .ur;"sx='atVk' qU"¨x;"es;lkÅ,;a¨fc'sut'lim'"xE¾E¾åks�'>

sUtui¾s�' tez"mp:es;mun'¾kui lY='¨mn'cV; fut'ãac;kiu c;"xE¾åks�'> quien¾¾�Â

.ur;"sx='�ek;='"k='tmn's�' étui='"¨p�'ÂelYH;k'lYHk' sui"s=y'�aesV"s�'

t®x:"vtiu='ÂmrHilYH=' quimis;"cu�s;"wI'"s�' esz®u"xE¾rs�'> �serllUmY�i"mY;"s�'

lVt'e¨m;k'¨x='"kui rrHixE¾es;'l�'" aEgut �¨p�'mH qVk'xV;x:nI"tV=' f;er;.ur='�cit'

e¨p;='"lExE¾s�'> qui¾eåk;='¾ �serllUmY�i"mY;"tui¾kuifm''"ã ¨pn'l�'exòez;='rn'ÊÊsU�

cc's;"mY;"kui eclVt'xE¾s�'> sui¾r;tV=' .ur;"sx='s�' sU�lUmY;"kui ky't='et;'

mUs�'> .ur;"sx='s�' p='ly'nIkui NHc'pui='"piu='"¨x;"ã sU�lUmY;"kui tc'.k'km'"sui¾

wI"ez;='¨pI"< sUtui¾en;k'kui luik'es;aEgut �cc's;"mY;"kui fYk'zI"et;'mUs�'> qui¾

en;k' axr;¨bkVJn'"zVy'�tc'enr;sin;sEkNærrHiet;='tc'xutV=' .ur;"sx='s�'ÊÊÊqui

lUmY�i"mY;"NH='¾ aqU"se.;tU�IxYk'tc'xukui ¨p¬lup'xE¾s�'>

eeeemmmm;;;;eeeerrrrHHHH����pppp����tttt''''eeeetttt;;;;''''

�serllUmY�i"mY;"atVk' .ur;"sx='�ky'zy'x='"NH='¾ sin;et;='epòÂ sUNH='¾p¬lup'

xi

es;se.;tU�IxYk's�' élUmY�i"mY;"kui t¨x;"lUmY�i"mY;"q®mH sI'"sn'¾¾xVEE x;"q;"s�'>

ése.;tU�IxYk'tV=' �serllUmY�i"mY;"atVk' gtiet;'mY;"NH='¾ p�t'et;'mY;"

p:v='s�'> p�t'et;'zy'p:"hUã sixE¾res;é se.;tU�IxYk'�tc'pui='"s�'

ekY;k'¨p;"NHc'xYp'aepòmH; .ur;"sx='k er"s;"ã quilUtui¾kui ep"ap'xE¾s�'> é

p�t'xYk'mY;"tV=' .ur;"sx='k �serllUmY�i"tui¾a;" sUenecxY='es;ask't;

NH='¾zui='es;ae¨xx®c�'"mYw'"c�'"km'"mY;" p:v='s�'> �='"tui¾tV=' �serllUmY¬i"tc'

ey;k'�ask't;Â .ur;"sx='< sU�mis;"cuNH='¾ tc'p:"es;sUmY;"aepòtV='rHies;

vt r;"mY;"p:v='s�'> sin;et;='epòÂ ep"ap'xE¾es;p�t'et;'zy'p:"< kYn'rHies;

wpedmY;"NH='¾z®u"måsv:dmY;"tui¾kui Òem;erH�p�t'et;' sui¾mhut' s;mn'a;"¨f='¾ p�t'

et;'mY;"hUã sil;xE¾rs�'> éas®u"aNúUn'"mY;"kui smµ;kYm'"c;�pqm=:"aup'kui

r�'�Ãn'"rn' åkim'ep:='"mY;"cV; as®u"¨p¬el¾rHi¨pI" tx:tr®/mµeh;='"tc'aup'l®u"kui r�'

MÃn''"rn' s®u"el¾¾rHis�'> qui¾a¨p=' p�t'et;'zy'p:"< t¨x;"es;wped�a¨p¬amUmY;"NH='¾

em;erH�p�t'et;'mY;"tV=' yj'per;hit'mY;"< yj'pUej;'x='"mY;"< vt'p¬kui"kVy'x='"

mY;"NH='¾ sn'¾rH='"es;en¾mY;"NH='¾ pt'sk'es;c�'"mYw'"c�'"km'"mY;" p:v='s�'> éc�'"

mYw'"c�'"km'"mY;"kui vt'p¬r;kYm'"tV=' ef;'pq;"s�'> em;erH�p�t'et;'ar yj'

per;hit'a;"l®u"NH='¾ sUtui¾kui kU�Ies;sUmY;"s�' elviamY�i"aNVy'mH ¨fc'l;xE¾åk

s�'> éyj'per;hit'mY;"kui kU�Ies;lUtui¾kui ÒelvilUmY�i"Ó huexòs�'> aer"p:z®u"

es; yj'per;hit'kiu Òyj'per;hit'm='"Ó huexòs�'>

p�t'et;'tV=' �serllUmY�i"tui¾s�' .ur;"sx='kui sV;"er;k'kui'"kVy'es; enr;

¨fc's�¾' sn'¾rH='"es;tEet;' sui¾mhut' c�'"ev"r;tEet;'t�'ez;k'¨x='"atVk'

sVn's='xYk'mY;" p:v='s�'> �='"tV=' vt'p¬kui"kVy'r;tV=' as®u"¨p¬rm�'¾ar;mY;"¨p¬lup'

rn'atVk' sVn's='xYk'mY;"l�'" p:v='s�'>

éar;s�' en;k'pui='"Â lUtui¾s�' .ur;"sx='kui sV;"er;k'kui"kVy'm�'¾enr;¨fc'

s�'¾jiaun'et;='epò< eyrurHl='¨mi¬¾rHi sn''¾rH='"es;bim;n'et;'t�'ez;k'rn'atVk'

�serllUmY¬i"tui¾kui ¨p='z='ep"xE¾s�'> yj'pUej;'¨x='"mY;"NH='¾ vt'¨p¬kui"kVy''¨x='"NH='¾

zui='es;c�'"mYw'"c�'"km''"mY;"s�' lUtui¾axY='"xY='"NH='¾.ur;"kui zn'¾kY='¨pc'mH;"eåk;='"

kui si¨m='Nui='rn' ef;'¨pq;"s�'> sui¾r;tV='é p�t'mY;"tV=' lUtui¾s�' sUtui¾kui xV='¾

lÃt'rn'< sUtui¾axY='"xY='"NH='¾�='"< .ur;"sx='NH='¾�='"< ¨pn'l�'c�'"l®u"rn' n�'"lm'"mY;"

p:v='s�'> éyj'pUej;'¨x='"mY;"s�' el;klUs;"a;"l®u"atVk' zk'kp'es;

.ur;"sx='�¨p='z='¨x='"kui puiãn;"l�'se.;ep:k'rn'atVk' n�''"lm'"mY;"¨p='z=''

ep"s�'>

p�t'et;'tV=' sn'¾rH='"es; en¾rk'mY;" sui¾mhut' pVEet;'mY;"kY='"p¨x='"atVk' sVn's='

xYk'mY;"p:v='s�'> pVEet;'tc'xucItV=' qU"¨x;"es;a/ip¹:y'rHis�'> awI"zu®"ek;k'<

pEsI"NH®�ek;k'sc'c;"pEVet;'NH='¾< p='etkû¬etpEVet;' sui¾mhut' rk'tc'pt'pEVet;'NH='¾

xuil®úUpEVet;'cs�'¾ pVEet;'txY�i¾tui¾s�' tc'NHc'�aqU"axYin'k;lmY;"tV=' vm'"e¨m;k'cr;

NH='¾axV='¾aer"mY;"a¨fc' kY='"prn' ¨fc's�'>

tc'xY�i¾es;pEVet;'mY;"s�' .ur;"sx='k sU�lUmY;"atVk' ¨p¬lup'xE¾¾es;a®¾ås.Vy'

xii

r;mY;"kui stirrn'atVk' ¨fc's�'> psx:pVEet;'s�' ékE¾sui¾es;pVEet;'tc'xu¨fc'

s�'> mis;"cutui='"s�' aEgut �mH lVt'e¨m;k'¨x='"kui ¨pn'l�'stiråks�'> lUtui¾

s�' xYI'"mVm'"¨x='" sIxY='"mY;"kui .ur;"sx='q®sui¾ sIzuiåks�'> sUtiu¾s�' sui"=y'

tc'ek;='kuist'ã ac;kui ¨p='z='åks�'> cpYc'r�'xVk'NH=¾¾' qm='"tc'lut'c;tu¾is�'

n;åk='es;ask't;NH='¾ vm'"n�'"¨x='"ask't;mH .ur;"sx='s�' sUtui¾kui ky't='

rn' lup'ez;='xE¾es;ar;mY;"kui ¨pn'l�'asiep"s�'>

a¨x;"es;pVEet;'mY;"s�' alVn'el"nk's�'> NHc'tuii='"a¨pc'e¨flÃt'es;en¾tV=' lU

tui¾s�' sUtc'p:"q®NH='¾.ur;"sx=' q®¨p¬lup'xE¾s�'¾ mek;='"es;ar;mY;"kui sti

rrn' ¨fc's�'> éen¾¾rk's�' vm'"n�'"fVy'ek;='"es;en¾rk' ¨fc'ã lUtui¾s�' ac;

kui mc;"åkep> sui¾r;tV=' quien¾rk'tV=' yj'per;hit's�' sUtui¾a¨pc'kui f®u"kVy'rn'NH='¾

e¨flÃt'rn' aqU"yj'pUej;'¨x='"kui pUej;'s�'>

.ur;"sx='NH='¾ �serltui¾aåk;"rHi se.;tU�IxYk's�' /mµeh;='"kYm''"kui er"s;"

sUmY;"atVk' alVn'aer"åkI"s�'> per;fk'kYm'"a;"l®u"nI"p:"NH='¾ sn'¾rH='"es;er"s;"

¨x='"mY;"s�' �serllUmY�i"Â ¨fc'pYk'es;ar;mY;"kui ae¨xx®pI" �serllUmY¬i"tui='"

sUtui¾�.ur;"sx='NH='¾atU se.;tU�IxYk'kui ¨p¬lup'xE¾s�'> sUtui¾s�' �='"kui Ò.ur;"

sx='�p$i�;w'tr;" sui¾mhut' s;mn'a;"¨f='¾ se.;tU�IxYk'hu exòåks�'> sUtui¾�

smiu='"kYm'"mY;"s�' p$i�;w'tr;"�al='"ÂrHies; a¨fc'apYk'mY;"kui ef;'¨pq;"

s�'> tc'W"tc'ey;k' suui¾mhut' lUmY�i"tui¾s�' .ur;"sx='q®NH='¾ p$i�;w'tr;"aepò

sc�;rHies;ax: .ur;"sx='s�' sUtui¾kui ek;='"åkI"ep"s�'> lUtui¾s�' p$i�;w'

tr;"kui cVn'¾xV;es;ax: .ur;"sx='s�' sUtui¾kiu ¨pc'd,'ep"s�'> lUtui¾s�'ÊÊ.ur;"

sx='NH='¾ ¨p¬lup'es;se.;tU�IxYk'kui sUtui¾a;" ¨pn'l�'stiep"rn' .ur;"sx='s�'

sU�yj'per;hit'mY;"kui eclVt'et;'mUs�'> �serllUmY�i"tui¾�kbY;zr;mY;"

s�' .ur;"sx='k sU¾kui n;x®es;sUmY;"atVk' ¨p�xE¾es;a®¾åsfVy'ar;mY;"kiu sI

zuipI"< .ur;"sx='kui n;mx®es;sUtiu¾Â kYer;k's�'¾n;kY='x='"NH='¾ d,'xt'x='"mY;"a

epò¨m�'tm'"xE¾s�'> éc;er"zr;tui¾s�' sUtui¾�amH;"amHn' yUz¨x='"mY;"kui p$i�;w'

tr;"�z®u"måsv:daepòtV=' ae¨x¨p¬s�'> ¨pI"en;k' a¨pc'k='"es;lUtui¾s�' dukÅx®

es;ax: kbY;zr;mY;"s�' a.y'eåk;='¾fc's�'kui se.;ep:k'rn' åki¬"pm'"a;"

qut's�'>

����sssseeeerrrrllllttttuuuui iii====''''""""NNNNiiiiu uuu====''''====®®®®

erH"ext'�serl�smui='"s�' .ur;"sx='kui cVn'¾lÃt'es;lUtuui¾�smui='" ¨fc's�'>

.ur;"sx='s�' lUtui¾kui ky't='es;ax: sUtui¾s�' .ur;"sx='q®et;'sui¾ ¨pn'

l;åks�'> sui¾es;' en;k'z®u"Â .ur;"sx='kui en;k'tfn' cVn'¾lÃt'åks�'> lUtui¾

as�' .ur;"sx='�p$i�;w'tr;"kui lk'x®¨pI"xE¾es;axYin'mHcã és®sr;a¨fc'a

pYk's�' xYk'xY='"ct='l;s�'> quien;k' �='"s�' aåkim'åkim'ax:x: ¨pn'fc'l;s�'>

sin;et;=''epòtV=' �serllUtui¾s�'' .ur;"sx='kui n;x®rn' se.;tUåks�'>

qui¾en;k' sUtui¾s�' .ur;"sx='kui pun'kn'es;eåk;='¾ sEkN ;rtV=' NHc'ep:='"el"

xiii

zy'åk;em;='"NH='x='"x®rs�'> en;k'z®u"tV=' em;erH�lk'eq;k' ey;rúus�' lUtui¾

kui gtiet;'tui='"¨p�'sui¾ wI'"ez;='sV;"s�'> ésiu¾ ae¨xxY¨pI'"en;k' pqmr;cua

n�'"=y' åk;es;ax: tr;"sUåkI'"mY;"huexòes; ¨p�'tV='"ex:='"ez;='mY;"k lUtui¾kui

aup'cui"xE¾åks�'> en;k'pui='"tV=' lUtui¾s�' .ur='tc'p:"kui luil;"åks�'> erH;lus�'

pqwI"z®u"es; .ur='¨fc's�'>

erH;lus�' .ur;"sx='kui n;mx®es;eåk;='¾ .ur;"sx='s�' d:vid'am�'rHies;sui"

qin'"el"kui .ur='asc'fc'rn' erV"xYy'luik's�'> per;fk'rH;emVls�'' l;er;k'ã

sU�ex:='"epòtV=' zIsVn'"el;='"ã �serl.ur='a¨fc'sU¾kui .isit'ep"s�'> .ur;"

sx='s�' d:vid'a;"sUmH z='"sk'es;sU� amY�i"NVy'tiu¾s�' �serltui¾�an;gt'

.ur='mY;" ¨fc'l;rm�'hu gtiep"et;'mUs�'> d:vid's�' eyrurHl='¨mi¬¾kui sim'"puik'ã

sU�¨mi¬¾et;'NH='¾ an;gt'bim;n'et;'t�'rHies;enr;a¨fc' ¨p¬lup'xE¾s�'> sUs�'ÊÊÊyj'

per;hit'mY;"< per;fk'mY;"< sIxY='"er"zr;mY;"< et"gItzr;mY;"NH='¾ sIxY='"mY;"kui

bim;n'et;'vt'¨p¬kui"kVy'¨x='"atVk' fVE¾c�''"luik's�'> d:vid's�' sIxY='"mY;"cV; (sui¾m

hut''z;l®sIxY='")kuil�'" sUkuiy'tui=' er"s;"s�''> sui¾r;tV=' .ur;"sx='s�' sU¾

kui bim;n'et;'t�' ez;k'xV='¾ep"et;'mmU>

d:vid's�' ask'åkI'"ã kVy'lVn'x:nI"es;ax: sU�s;"erH;lmun'a;" �serl

.ur='a¨fc' xn'¾ap's�'> d:vid's�' sU¾s;"a;" .ur;"sx='kui acw'a¨mE en;k'luik'pI"

p$i�;w'tr;"kuin;x®rn' stiep"s�'> rH='.ur='¨fc's�'NH='¾ a�IerH;lmun's�' bim;n'

et;'kui t�'ez;k'ã �serlNui='=®�ny'nmi't'mY;"kui tui"xYE¾s�'> éaxYin'tV='

�serls�' a¨m='¾z®u"es;tn'xui"sui¾er;k's�'> erH;lmun's�'' ekY;'åk;"l;ã

�serls�' a='a;"åkI"qV;"l;s�'>

yyyyuuuuddddNNNNHHHH====''''¾ ¾¾¾ ����sssseeeerrrrllllxxxxVVVVE EEE ¨xxxxmmmm''''""""eeeessss;;;;ttttuuuui iii====''''""""NNNNuuuui iii====''''====®®®®

erH;lmun' kVy'lVn'sV;"xYin'tV=' ¨p�'tV='"p$ipkÅ ¨fc'pV;"ã tui='"Nui='=®s�' NHc'xm'"kVEsV;"

s�'> e¨m;k'pui='"tui='"¨p�'rHi lUmY�i"zy'mY�i"tui¾s�' sUtui¾kui sUtui¾�serlhuexòs�'>

et;='piu='"tiu='"¨p�'rHilUmY�i"mY;"s�' sUtiu¾kiu sUtiu¾ÊÊÊÒyudÓÊÊhuexòs�'>ÊÊext'sc'gY¬¬"hUes;

aexòaevòs�' éam�'mH z='"sk'l;s�'> yuds�' p$i�;w'tr;"aepòzk'lk'

ã sc�;q;"¨pI" b;bulun'lUmY�i"tui¾s�' yudkui en;k'z®u"sim''"puik'ãÊÊÊtui=''"¨p�'mHNH='qut'x®r

s�'¾aqitui='ea;='ÊÊd:vit'�m='"zk'tui¾s�'ÊÊeyrurHl=''¨mi¬¾tV='ÊÊzk'lk'ãaup'cui"åks�'>

e¨m;k'pui=''' '"tui='"¨p�'tV=' �serlm='"zk'mY;"cV; epòqVn'"¨pI" aup'cui"es;'¨=;"l�'"

lUtui¾s�' p$i�;w'tr;"kui mliuk'elYH;k'es;eåk;='¾ sUtui¾s�' pepY;k'sV;"åk

s�'> �serl.ur='mY;"s�' axYin'k;l asI'"sI"tV=' ¨mi¬¾et;'mY;"cV;rHiHiåk¨pI'" en;k'

z®u"¨mi¬¾et;'s�' rHm;ri¨mi¬¾¨fc's�'> �serl.ur='mY;"s�' lUtui¾aepòqin'"xY¬p'¨x='"kui

a;"sn'Nui='rn' .ur;"sx='a;" vt'¨p¬kui"kVy'es;n�'"lm'"kui e¨p;='"lEluik'åks�'>

sUtui¾s�' yj'per;hit'asc'mY;"kui erV"xYy'pI'" bim;n'et;'sc'NHc'ez;=' t�'ez;k'

q;"åks�'> tc'ez;='s�' e¨m;k'pui='"ny'nimit'rHi dn'¨p�'ny'tV='rHi¨pI" a¨x;"tc'

ez;='s�' yudNH='¾ �serltui¾�ny'nimit'fc'es;ebsltV=' t�'rHiHis�'> �serl

xiv

NH='¾ yudaåk;"tV=' cc'pEVmY;"cV; ¨fc'pV;"xE¾s�'>

é¨p�'tV='"cc'NH='¾ ¨p�'tV='"¨pSn; ¨fc'pV;"es;axYin'k;ltV=' .ur;"sx='s�' per;

fk'mY;"tui¾kui yudNH='¾�serlq®sui¾ eclVt'xE¾s�'> per;fk'txY�i¾tui¾s�' yj'pu

er;hit'mY;"¨fc'åk¨pI" t¨x;"sUtui¾s�' ly'sm;"mY;" ¨fc'åks�'> txY�i¾tui¾s�'

.ur='mY;"�aåk®ep"pug©i¬l'mY;"¨fc'åk¨pI" a¨x;"sUtui¾s�' s;mn'lUmY;" ¨fc'åks�'>

txY�i¾es;per;fk'mY;"s�' sUtui¾�z®u"måsv:dmY;" sui¾mhut' per;fk'p¬¨x='"mY;"kuiÊÊÊer"

s;"xE¾åk¨pI'" txY�i¾per;fk'tui¾s�' quisiu¾ui ¾ ¨p¬lup'¨x='"mrHi> sui¾es;'l�'" per;fk'a;"

l®u"tui¾s�' tr;"mYHt¨x='"NH='¾ akUa�IatVk' .ur;"sx='epòtV=' mHIxuirn' luiap'eåk;='"

eh;e¨p;rn' l;åks�'> per;fk'mY;"cV;tui¾s�' lUtui¾a;" .ur;"sx='q®et;'su¾i

¨pn'l;¨x='"m¨p¬lYH=' z®u"rúu®"¨x='"sui¾ er;k'ã enr;aNH®¾pn'¾kYEx='"kuix®rm�'hu stiep"s�'>

éper;fk'txY�i¾tui¾s�' an;gt'.un'"tn'xui"NH=¾¾' ¨pc'd,'xt'x='"mY;"kui bY;dit'rUp:r®umY;"Â

¨m='åks�'> lUmY;"cV;tui¾s�' tui='"Nui='=®kui aup'cui"rn' er;k'l;m�'¾rH='.ur='kui ec;='¾

emY;'enåks�'> per;fk'tc'xY�i¾tui¾s�' é.ur='a;" ¨m='¾¨mt'es;axYin'k;ltV='

.ur;"sx='�lUtui¾kui wI"ez;='l;m�'¾ d:vit'�amY�i¾"aNVy'tc'ey;k'a¨fc'm='åks�'>

tc'xY�i¾tui¾k é.ur='s�' q;vrNui='=®et;'aepòacw'aup'cui"m�'hu e¨p;åks�'>

tc'¨x;"es;sUtui¾s�' ésUa;" lUtui¾kui .ur;"sx='q®et;'sui¾ ¨pn'l�'pui¾ez;='rn'

evdn;mY;"cV;kiu x®c;"rm�'¾aecx®a¨fc' ¨m='åks�'> sui¾r;tV=' per;fk'a;"l®u"tui¾s�'

sU¾a;"ask't;sc'kui piiu¾ez;='m�'¾.ur;"sx='�.isit'et;'mU¨x='"kuix®es;sUemrHiy

a¨fc' ¨m='åks�'>

����sssseeeerrrrllllNNNNHHHH====''''¾ ¾¾¾yyyyuuuuddddppppYYYYkkkk''''ccccIIII""""¨xxxx====''''""""

�serllUmY�i"tui¾s�' .ur;"sx='�stiep"¨x='"kui n;"meq;='es;eåk;='¾ .IcI722-

721tV=' rH;m;rimi¬¾s�' a;rHirilUmY�i"tui¾� kYè"ekY;'sim''"puik'x='"kuix®xE¾s�'> �serl

lUmY�i"tui¾s�' sUtui¾�enaim'mY;"mH yUez;='sim'"pui'k'¨x=''"x®xE¾r¨pI" a;rHiria='p:y;tc'

elYH;k'l®u" pY®¾NH®¾sV;"s�'> yud¨p�'rHisUtui¾��Ikuiem;='NHmmY;"NH='¾l�'" xVExV;¨x='"x®xE¾r

s�'> qui¾en;k' a;rHirituii¾s�' tc'¨x;"tiu='"tp:"s;"mY;"kui �serltui='"¨p�'qEsui¾

¨pn'l�'ae¨xxYrn' pui¾ez;='sV;"s�'> élUtui¾s�' yudNH='¾ �serl.;s;er"kui

sVn's='¨x='"x®xE¾¨pI" mY;"cV;es;sUtui¾s�' p$i�;w'tr;"kui luuik'elYH;k'rn'p=' åki¬"c;"

åks�'> élUtui¾s�' rHm;rilUmY;"hu aexòx®s�'> a;rHirilUtui¾s�' yud¨p�'kui

kY�"ekY;'tuik'xuik'rn' åki¬"c;"l;s�'> ¨mi¬¾åkI"mY;"cV;tui¾s�' kY�"ekY;'sUmY;"lk'qEsui¾

kYsV;"s�'> sui¾es;' .ur;"sx='s�' eyrurHl='¨mi¬¾kui ky't='et;'mUs�'> cc'rúu®"

es;a;rHiri.ur='s�' mimitui='"¨p�'sui ¾ ¨pn'l;es;ax: quienr;tV='sU�s;"NHc'

ey;k'klup'åk®xE¾s�'> qui¾eåk;='¾ yuds�' ky't='¨x='"kui x®xE¾rs�'>

yudlUtui¾s�' sUtui¾�ask't;kui tx,e¨p;='"lEåks�'> sUtui¾s�' tx,atVk'

.ur;"sx='kui n;x®åks�'> sui¾r;tV=' en;k'z®u" sUtui¾s�'l�'" sim'"puik'x®rã

enr;aNH®¾sui¾ ¨pn'¾åkEsV;"åks�'> b;bulun'lUmY�i"tui¾s�' a='a;"åkI"m;"l;¨pI'" yud¨p�'kui

kY�"ekY;'tuik'xuik's�'> pqmpui=''"tV=' sUtui¾s�' aer"p:es;lUan�'"cukuis; sim'"

xv

yUã kVJn'a¨fc' exòez;='sV;"es;'l�'" NHc'an�'"=y'åk;¨pI"en;k'< .IcI587-586

tV=' sUtui¾s�' eyrurHl='¨mi¬¾NH='¾ bim;n'et;'kui fYk'zI"rn' ¨pn'l;xE¾åks�''> lUtxY�i¾

tui ¾s�' aEgut �¨p�'sui¾ erH;='e¨p"åks�'> sui¾r;tV=' lUamY;"cus�' b;bulun'sui¾

kVJn'a¨fc' exòez;='x='" x®xE¾åks�'> en;k'tfn' .ur;"sx='s�' sU�per;fk'mY;"kui

lUtui¾q®sui ¾ eclVt'¨pI"sUtui¾s�' .ur;"sx='ck;"kui ct='n;"eq;='l;åks�'>

bim;n'et;'fYk'zI"¨x='"< eyrurHl='mi¬¾kui sim'"puik'x='"NH='¾ b;bulun'siu¾ ny'NH='x®x='"tui¾s�'

lUtui¾Â cc'mHn'es;e¨p;='" lE¨x='"kui¨fc'ecs�'> per;fk'tu¾is�' .ur='asc'NH='¾

Nui='=®et;'asc' aeåk;='"kui qp'tlElE eh;e¨p;åks�'> per;fk'tc'wI"¨fc'es;

eyrmis�' p$iM;w'tr;"sc'aeåk;='"kuip=' eh;e¨p;xE¾s�'> ép$i�;w'tr;"

sc's�' ekY;k'¨p;"epòtV=' er"s;"m�'mhut'> sui¾es;' .ur;"sx='s�' lUmY;"�

NHl®u"s;"qEtV=' er"s;"et;'mUs�'>

yyyyuuuuddddllllUUUUmmmmYYYY����i iii""""mmmmYYYY;;;;"""" pppp::::llllkkkk''''ccccttttiiiiu uuu====''''' '''""""¨pppp����''''ssssuuuui iii¾ ¾¾¾ ¨ppppnnnn''''llll;;;;¨xxxx====''''""""

quiaxYin'tV=' d:rim='"åkI'"s�' emdiup:rH;"a='p:r;aepò a;,;rrHil;¨pI" b;bulun'tui=''"

¨p�'kui sim'"puik'ea;='¨m='xE¾s�'> d:rim='"åkI"s�' yudlUmY�i"tui¾a;" sUtui¾�tui='"¨p�'sui¾

¨pn'sV;"rn' xV='¾¨p¬s�'> qui¾eåk;='¾ tui='"¨p�'mHNH='qut'x®r¨pI" NHc'ep:='"(70) åk;¨pI"en;k'

yudlUmY�i"mY;"s�' mimitui ¾enaim'sui¾ ¨pn'l;xE¾åks�'> sUtui¾s�'' mimi�tiu='"¨p�'kui

¨pn'l�'t�'eq;='rn' åki¬"pm'"xE¾es;'l�'" a='a;"alVn'n�'"s�'> erH;lmun't�'

ez;k'xE¾es;bim;n'et;'el;k' mlHpmxm'"n;"es;'l�'" sUtui¾s�' bim;n'et;'kiu

¨pn'l�'ã t�'ez;k'åks�'> lUmY;"cV;tui¾s�' .ur;"sx='q®et;'sui¾ cc'mHn'cV;

¨pn'l;åk¨pI" p�t'tr;"< per;fk'mY;"�er"s;"xYk'mY;"NH='¾ a¨x;"sn'¾rH='"es;er"

s;"xYk'mY;"kui s='yU¨x='" ct='l;åks�'> lUtc'xY�i¾tui¾s�' kYm'"c;aup'mY;"kuier"

s;"es;kYm'"¨p¬zr; (aqU"kYm''"¨p¬pug©i¬l')mY;" ¨fc'l;åks�'> en;k'pui='"Â élUtui¾

s�' kYm'"c;kui s='åk;"¨x='"atVk' ekY;=''mY;"fVE¾c�'"t�'eq;='åks�'> lUtui¾s�'

wpus'en¾(cenen¾)tV=' atUtkV s='yUrn'< zuet;='"rn'NH='¾ .ur;"sx='kuiatUtU vt'

¨p¬kui"kVy'åkrn'atVk' curu®"¨x='"kui ct='l;s�'> sUtiu¾�tr;"jrp' (cur®u"tE¾enr;)mY;"

tV=' kYm'"c;mY;"kui s='yUel¾l;åk¨pI" lUtc'xY�i¾tui¾s�' emrHiyåkVer;k'l;¨x=''"kui

ct='ec;='¾emY;'åks�'>

aen;k'tui='"¨p�'tV=' mh;alk'jn'"d:"s�' grilUmY�i"aepò åsj;lÃm'"mui"¨pI"en;k'

måk;mHItV='' kmõ;tc'vHm'"l®u"kui sim'"puik'ea;='¨m='xE¾s�'> sUs�' gri.;s;ck;"<

griy;w'ekY"múumY;"NH='¾ /el¾qu®"c®mY;"kui kmõ;Nui='=®asI"sI"siu¾ ¨pn¾'NH®¾ecxE¾s�'> sUz®u"sV;"

¨pI"en;k' sU�a='p:y;s�' xVE xm'"sV;"s�'> en;k'måk;mItV=' a¨x;"a='p:y;tc'xu

åkI'"qV;"l;¨pI" yudlUmY�i"mY;"enqui='r; p:lk'ctiu='"tui=''"¨p�'ap:av=' tui=''"¨p�'amY;"

cukui qin''"xY¬p'aup'cui'"xE¾s�'>

a;,;rH='asc'¨fc'es; er;mlUmY�i"tui¾s�' måk;x, rk'ck'¨pI"åkm'"tm'"es;lU

mY¬i"¨fc's�'> yudlUmY�i"tui¾s�'l�'" a;x®ã v:åkV;"åks�'> édukÅx®res;axYin'k;

lmY;"tV=' sUtui¾�axYi'n'k;lÂp=' emrHiyåkVer;k'rn' emY;'l='¾ec;='¾c;"es; yudlU

xvi

mY�i"amY;"åkI'"rHis�'> yudlUmY�i"tui¾s�' .ur;"sx='NH='¾ .ur;"sx='k sUtui¾q®sui¾eclVt'rn'

gtiep"et;'mUes;emrHiy�aup'cui"¨x='"kuis;lYH=' luixY='åks�'> .ur;"sx='s�'

emrHiya;"¨f='¾ tel;kl®u"kui ky't='rn'åk®c�'x='"kui sUtui¾s�' n;"ml�'xE¾åkep>

.ur;"sx='�aåk®ac�'s�' yudlUmY�i"mY;"kui ky't='rn' ¨fc's�'hu sUtiui ¾s�'

q='enåks�'> txY�i¾es;yudlUmY�i"s�' .ur;"sx='k sU�emrHiykui eclVt'et;'

mU¨x='"atVk' ec;='¾rn' ekYnp'er;='¾rEåks�'> sui¾es;' t¨x;"es;sUtui¾s�' .ur;"

sx='k sU�Nui='=®et;'t�'eq;='¨x='"kui kU�Irn'z®u"¨ft'åks�'> éyudlUmY�i"tui¾kui

Òjilut'Ó huexòs�''> jilut'tiiu¾s�' er;mlUmY�i"tui¾kui zn'¾kY='tiuk'xuik'rn' åki¬"pm"'ã

er;mlUmY�i"tui¾NH='¾ pU"tVEes;yudlUmY�i"mY;"kui tx:tr® st'¨ft'åks�'>

yyyyuuuudddd....;;;;ssss;;;;eeeerrrr""""aaaauuuupppp''''ccccuuuummmmYYYY;;;;""""

.IcIpqmr;cupui='"tV=' em;erH�p�t'et;'s�' yudlUmY�i"mY;"atVk' alVn'aer"åkI"

l;xE¾s�'> lUtui¾s�' p�t'et;'kui el¾l;¨pI" a¨=='"pV;"¨fc'åks�'> quip�t'et;'kui

n�'"lm'"amY�i"mY�i"¨f='¾ n;"l�'se.;ep:k'xE¾åks�'> sui¾es;' yudlUmY�i"tui¾s�' p�t'

et;'atVk' aesx®rn'az='s='¾ ¨fc'åks�'> yudlUmY�i"mY;"tV=' a/ik.;s;er"

aup'cus®u"xurHi¨pI" aup'cutc'xucItV=' kYm'"¨p¬zr;mY;"(erH¾enmY;" sui¾mhut' kYm'"tt'pug©i¬l'

mY;") p:v='s�'>

jjjjdddd¶¶¶¶¬¬¬¬kkkkEEEEmmmmYYYY;;;;""""

éaup'cumY;"qEmH aup'cutc'xus�' jd¶¬kEhuexòs�'> éam�'s�' d:vid'm='"�axYin'k;

ltV=' yj'puer;hit'm='"¨fc'es; j;dut'hUes;am�'mH z='"sk'l;xE¾s�'> a;,;

rHies;lUtc'xY�i¾NH='¾ yj'per;hit'mY;"tui¾s�' jd¶¬kEmY;"¨fc'åks�'> élUtui¾s�' p�t'

kYm'" (em;erH� kYm'"aup'=:"aup')kuis; sUtui¾�.;s;er"kic�mY;" a;,;tn'xui"a¨fc'

lk'x®xE¾åks�'> p�t'kYm'"s�' yj'per;hit'mY;"NH='¾ yj'pUej;'x='"aeåk;='"mY;"kui

sVn's='xE¾es;'l�'" en;='.vNH='¾pt'sk'es; aeåk;='"ar;mY;"kui sVn's='¨x='"

m¨p¬xE¾p:> quieåk;='¾ jd¶¬kEtui¾s�' es¨x='"mHqe¨mî;k'¨x='"kui y®uåk�'¨x='"mrHiiåkep>

ffff;;;;rrrriiiirrrrHHHHE EEEmmmmYYYY;;;;""""

a¨x;"es;aup'cutc'xus�' f;rirHEhuexòs�'> én;m�'s�' eh¨bE.;s;ck;"mH

z='"sk'l;¨pI" a/ip¹:y'mH Òank'fV='¾¨x='"Ó sui¾mhut' ÒsI"sn'¾xVE¨x;"¨x='"Ó hUã¨fc's�'>

f;rirHEtui¾s�' em;erH�p�t'kYm''"kui lUtui¾a;" ank'fV='¾ep"rn' åki¬"c;"åks�'>

f;rirHEtui¾s�' em;erH�p�t'kYm'"kuiis;mk< per;fk'mY;"< sn'¾rH=''"es;er"s;"

xYk'mY;"NH='¾ sUtuii¾�/el¾q®u"c®mY;"kuil�'" lk'x®åks�'> qui¾eåk;='¾ sUtui¾s�' ac;"

ac;NH='¾ atui¾aqimY;"tV=' alVn'stiq;"åks�'> sUtiu¾s�' lk'mY;"ez"eåk;

sn'¾c='x='"NH='¾ erxY�i"¨x='"mY;"tV=' stiq;"åks�'> sUtui¾s�' es¨x='"mHqe¨mH;k'x='"kui

y®uåk�'åks�'> a.y'¾eåk;='¾zuies;' sUtui¾s�' en;='an;gt'Â ¨fc'pYk'm�'¾per;

xvii

fk'tui¾�eh;e¨p;¨x='"mY;"kui se.;ep:k'n;"l�'q;"es;eåk;='¾ ¨fc's�'>

aaaaEEEEcccc====''''""""mmmmYYYY;;;;""""

puiãaer"p:es; ttiyaup'cumH; aEc='"huexòs�'> eyrurHl='¨mi¬¾ÂrHies; yj'per;

hit'tui¾s�' .ur;"sx='�aliuet;'tiu='" ask'mrH='åkp:> qui¾¨p=' er;mlUtui¾s�'

em;erH�p�t'kYm'"ar< ar�'axY='"mrHies; lUtxY�i¾tui¾a;" yj'per;hit'mY;"a¨fc'

erV"xYy'xn'¾ap'xE¾s�'> éar;eåk;='¾ aEc='"mY;"tuii¾s�' eyrurHl='¨mi¬¾Â ¨p¬lup''xE¾es;

vt'p¬kui"kVy'x='"NH='¾ yj'pUej;'x='"mY;"kui ek;='"mVn'cV; ¨p¬lup'x='"mrHihu q='mHt'enåk

s�'> qui¾eåk;=''¾ aEc='"mY;"s�' yudsEkN rtV=' e¨p;=''"erþenqui='xE¾åks�'> sUtui¾s�'

a¨x;"es;aEc='"mY;"s; l;er;k'enNiu='es;enr;tV=' afVE¾ac�'"tc'xu fVE¾c�'"åk

s�'> aEc='"mY;"s�' .ur;"rH='a;" emrHiykui eclÃt'rn'NH=''¾ bim;n'et;'kiu sn'¾c='ecrn'

ac;erH;='zuet;='"ã ec;='¾enåks�'> kYm''"tt'pug©i¬l'mY;"cV;tui¾s�' aEc='"mY;"a;"

kiurn' afVE¾mY;"NH='¾ kiurn'edsNH='¾ yudsEkN r� a¨x;"es;enr;mY;"Â etV¾rHixE¾es;erH"

eh;='"er"s;"xYk'mY;"NH='¾ azk'asVy'rHim�'hu y®uåk�''åks�'>

////mmmmµµµµsssscccc''''kkkkYYYYmmmm''''""""

.ur;"sx='s�' lUmY�i"tc'xukui erV"xYy'ã sU�tr;"mYHt¨x='"Nú='¾ ek;='"¨mt'x='"mY;"kuiui

se.;ep:k'n;"l�'rn'atVk' sUtui¾NH='¾se.;tU�IxYk' ¨p¬lup'xE¾s�'> .ur;"sx='

s�' puiãek;='"mVn'es; p$i�;w'tr;"sc'aepòae¨x¨p¬ã ¨p�'¾cu®es;vi�;w'Nui='=®

et;'kui t�'eq;='¨x='"a;"¨f='¾ lUs;"a;"l®u"kui ek;='"åkI"ep"rn' sU�aåk®ac�'

mY;"kui per;fk'mY;"NH='¾ kbY;zr;mY;"a;"¨f='¾ fV='¾¨pxE¾s�'> éaåk®ac�'s�' gti

et;'fc'es; emrHiyåkVer;k'l;¨x='"NH='¾ ct='lim'¾m�'> per;fk'mY;"tui¾s�' emrHiy

åkVer;k'l;¨x='"kui aes"cit'eh;e¨p;xE¾åks�'> sUtiu¾s�' emrHiy�emV"fV;"m�'¾

enr;NH='¾ sU�lup'ez;='rm�'¾alup'mY;"kuil�'" eh;e¨p;xE¾s�'> éaxYin's�'emriHy

åkVer;k'l;rn'NH='¾ p$i�;w'tr;"sc' ct='rn'¨fc's�'>

/mµsc'er"s;"xYk'mY;"s�' .ur;"sx='�p$i�;w'tr;"sc'kui eyrúuxrc'a;"¨f='¾ m�'

kE¾sui¾ fV='¾ paakY�i"sk'er;k'p®ukui er"s;"ef;'pq;"s�'> p$i�;w'tr;"sc's�'ÊÊlU

s;"a;"l®u"atVk' ¨fc'eåk;='"kiu éer"s;"xYk'mY;"Â s='¨pq;"s�'> yxuNH='¾en;='

.v lUmY;"atVk' .ur;"sx='ep"es; ek;='"åkI"mg¿l;mY;"kuil�''" é/mµsc'er"

s;"xYk'mY;"tV=' er"s;"ef;'¨pq;s�'>

/mµsc'kYm'"er"s;"xYk'mY;"tV=' c;er"zr;an�'"z®u" rHc'ey;k'tui¾�er"s;"xE¾es;

kYm''"aup'NHc'zy¾'xuNHc'aup'p:v='s�'> ékYm'"a;"l®u"tui¾kui pqmr;cu kYy'pn'¾cV; as®u"

¨p¬es;gri.;s;¨f='¾ er"s;"q;"s�'> éer"s;"xYk'amY;"cus�' eyrúu�aqU"

erV"xYy'¨x='"x®res;tmn'et;'el"ey;k'a;"¨f='¾ er"s;"xE¾¨x='"¨fc's�'> mSE<

ey;hn'NH='¾ eptrutui¾s�' tp�'¾etÉzy'NHc'p:"qEmH eyrúu�anI"cp'z®u"es; tc'p�'¾

etÉtiu¾ ¨fc'åks�'> a¨x;"es;c;er"zr; ep:lus�' en;k'pui'='"tV=' eyrúu�a®¾ås

xviii

fVy'¨ps¨x='"a;"¨f='¾ aerV"x®res;tmn'et;'tc'p:" ¨fc's�'>

/mµsc'kYm'"� pqmel"aup's�' eyrúu�ask't;NH='¾es¨x='"kui sI"sn'¾¾ef;'¨pes;

kYm'"¨fc's�'> ékYm'"aup'mY;"s�' eyrúuxrc'�smui='"r;jv='mY;"qk' sU�sVn's='x='"

mY;"NH='¾ éel;ksui¾ åkVer;k'l;¨x='"�rM'rVy'xYk'NH='¾ sU¾es¨x='"�aer"p:múumY;"kiu

a/iker"s;"ef;'¨pq;"s�'> éar;mY;"s�' ey;hn'er"s;"s�'¾ctut e¨m;k'

kYm'"aup'� a/ikzuiluixYk'¨fc's�'> pqmkYm'"auup's®u"aup'ÂrHies;aeåk;='"ar;mY;"

s�' alVn'z='tUåks�'> eyrúurH='¨pn'qe¨mî;k'¨pI"en;k'pui='"tV=' ¨fc'pYk'es;a

eåk;='"ar;mY;"NH='¾ lUs;"a;"l®u"atVk' .ur;"sx='ep"es; xYc'x='"emt ;kui tp�'¾

et;'mY;"a;"¨f='¾ tel;kl®u"tV='m�'kE¾sui¾ eh;e¨p;xE¾s�'kui tmn'et;''vtϬkYm'"Â

er"s;"ef;'¨ps�'> ést='"ek;='"kui eh;e¨p;¨x='"a;"¨f='¾ p:lk'ctui='"¨p�' tc'

elYH;k'l®u"NH='¾ er;mNui='=®tV=' xrc'y;n'y®uåk�'¨x='" kYy'¨pn'¾cV; lk'x®¨pI"akY�i"sk'

er;k's�'kui ef;'pq;"s�'> tmn'et;'vtϬkiu mYk'm='sk'esmY;"cV;NH='¾ rH='luk;

er"s;"q;"¨x='" ¨fc's�'> rH='luk;s�' ttiye¨mî;k'es; xrc'v='kYm'"�er"s;"

sUl�'" ¨fc's�'>

åsv:dc;ec;='mY;"s�' sx='eyrúu�tp�'¾et;'NHc'ey;k'ep:luNH='¾ eptrukE¾siu¾es;

xrc'y;n'ex:='"ez;='mY;"mH tc'wI"tc'ey;k'kui siu¾mhut' xrc''y;n'aup'cumY;"q®sui¾

pui ¾ez;='er"s;"q;"es; c;ec;='mY;"¨fc's�'> éc;ec;='mY;"s�' quiaxYin'Â

etV¾åk®¬xE¾es; ¨pSn;mY;"kui kU�Ie¨frH='''"rn' er"s;"xE¾¨x='"¨fc's�'> quic;ec;='mY;"

s�' qiulUmY;"atVk's;mhut'.E< yen¾y®uåk�'sUmY;"a;"l®u"� ask't;kui sti

ep"rn'< ¨p¬¨p='rn'NH='¾ xVn'a;"ep"rn' ¨fc's�'>

en;k'z®u"kYm'"¨fc'es; bY;dit'kYm'"s�' a¨x;"es;kYm'"aup'a;"lu®"mH tmUqU"¨x;"

s�'> ékYm'"aup'tV=' p®uez;='es; ck;"mY;"kui aqU"as®u"¨p¬ã c;er"sUtmn'et;'

ey;hn' ¨m='xE¾es;rUp:r®umY;"kui ef;'pq;"s�'> pu®ez;='x='"NH='¾ t='c;"e¨p;ziux='"mY;"

s�' /mµeh;='"kym'"mH ¨fc'pI"�='"tiu¾kiu /mµeh;='"er"s;"xYk'mY;"NH='¾ Niúu='"yHw'x='"a;"

¨f='¾ piumiun;"l�'se.;ep:k'Niu='s�'> .ur;"sx='�tn'xui"a;"¨f='¾ nt'zui"�a;,;tn'

xui"aepò xrc'y;n'tui¾ en;k'z®u"ea;='pVEkui rH='"l='"cV; ef;'¨pq;"s�'>

////mmmmµµµµsssscccc''''kkkkYYYYmmmm''''""""����kkkkYYYYmmmm''''""""aaaauuuupppp''''mmmmYYYY;;;;""""

rrrrHHHH====''''mmmmSSSSEEEExxxxrrrrcccc''''0000====''''<<<< mSEs�' eyrúu�tp�'¾et;'tc'p:" ¨fc's�'> tmn'et;'a¨fc' erV"

xYy'x®es;axYin'tV=' yudlUmY�i"tiu¾� axVn'ek;k'x®sU tc'ey;k'¨fc's�'> mSE�er"

s;"xYk'mY;"s�' yudlUmY�i"tiu¾� en;k'x®smiu='"NH='¾ cit'0='c;"múumY;"kiu ¨pss�'>ÊÊaqU"

s¨f='¾ /mµeh;='"ext' per;fk'¨p�¨x='"mY;"kiu eyrúu�ask't; ¨p�'¾cu®l;¨x='"NH='¾

eyrúu�sVn's='¨x='"mY;"kiu a/iker"s;"q;"s�'>

rrrrHHHH====''''mmmm;;;;kkkkuuuuxxxxrrrrcccc''''0000====''''<<<< m;kuam�'sc'res; ey;hn's�' tmn''et;'tc'xY�i¾tiu¾�aep:='"

aef;'fc'es;lU=y'tc'W" ¨fc's�'> m;ku�er"s;"xYk's�' atiuxY�®"ã er"s;"¨x='"

xix

¨fc's�'> m;kus�' mSENH='¾luk;kE¾siu¾ eyrúu�sVn's='¨x='"mY;"Â cit'0='c;"múun�'"

eåk;='" ¨pss�'> éer"s;"xYk's�' yudlUmY�i"mhut'es; er;mlUmY;"q®siu¾ a/ik

r�'rVy'q;"¨pI" eyrúus�' .ur;"sx='�s;"¨fc'eåk;='" sk'es¨pes;sU�lup'

ez;='xYk'mY;"kiu er"s;"s�'> eyrúus�' lUtiu¾kiu a¨pc'�ziu"kY�i"mH ky't='rn'ÊÊr�'

rVy'xYk'f='¾ éel;ksiu¾ åkVer;k'l;s�'kiu sUtiu¾a;" siecrn' a/ikr�'rVy's�'>

rrrrúúúú====''''lllluuuukkkk;;;;xxxxrrrrcccc''''0000====''''<<<< ékYm'"aup's�' tmn'et;'ep:lu� xrI"sV;"ef;'¨fc'es;rH='luk;

er"s;"xE¾es;kYm'"aup'NHc'aup'qEmH tc'aup'¨fc's�'> luk;s�' zr;0n'tc'W"¨fc'ã

kVJm'"kY='es; c;er"zr;tc'W"l�'" ¨fc's�'> sUs�' rH='mSExrc'0='kYm'"NH='¾

rH='m;kuxrc'0='kYm'"rHi a/ikaxYk'alk'mY;"kiu ek;='"mVn'cV; sis�'> siu¾es;'

yudlUmY�i"mhut'es; sU�prit'st'mY;"kiu zVEez;='ã se.;ep:k'n;"l�'ecNui='

es;a/ikapiu='"mY;"kiu erV"xYy's�'> rH='luk;s�' eyrúu�ask't;Â ¨fc'pYk'

es;ar;mY;"aepò a/ikmq;".E eyrúukiuy'tiu='s�' lUtiu¾�ask't; a/ikliu

ap'es;ar;mY;"kiu ez;='rVk'ep"es;xYc'åk='n;tt'sU tc'ey;k'a¨fc'W"c;"

ep"ã er"s;"s�'>

rrrrHHHH====''''eeeeyyyy;;;;hhhhnnnn''''xxxxrrrrcccc''''0000====''''<<<< ékYm'"s�' pqmxrc'0='kYm'"aup'su®"aup'mH alVn'¨x;"n;"s�'>

é¨x;"n;"xYk's�' t='¾ty'lHpã nk'nEes;nid:n'"mH xYk'xY='"etV¾m='Nui='s�'> ey;hn'

s�' a¨x;"es;xrc'0='kYm'"ÂmrHies; axYk'alk'mY;"cV;kiu er"s;"ef;'¨ps�'>

el;k�ky't='rH=' ¨fc'et;'mUes;.ur;"sx='� s;"et;'eyrúus�' emrHiy¨fc'

eåk;='" a/ikr�'rVy's�'>

ttttmmmmnnnn''''eeeetttt;;;;''''0000ttttÏÏÏÏ����<<<< luk;er"s;"es;é kYm'"aup's�' sU�pqmkYm'"aup' (rH='luk;

xrc'0=')NH='¾ azk'acp'rHis�'> ékYm'"aup's�' eyrúuk tp�'¾et;'mY;"a;" lUs;"

a;"lu"®atVk' .ur;"sx='�xYc'xY='"emt ;st='"ek;='"aeåk;='"kiu tel;klu®"siu¾

sV;"ãeh;e¨p;rn' sVn's='¨x='"NH='¾ ct='s�'> eyrúus�' en;k'luik'et;'mY;"a;"

ky't='rn'atVk' sUlup'ez;='xE¾es;ar;mY;"kiu eh;e¨p;ecxY='s�'> luk;s�'

ep:luNH='¾ eptrutiu¾�lup'ez;='múumY;" a/ikq;"ã éalup'�cit'0='c;"fVy'r;mY;"kiu

mHt's;"ef;'ps�'> sUs�' eyrurHl='mi�¾mH ct='es;xrc'y;n' .;s;s�' yudNH='¾

rH;mri¨p�' pt'0n'"kY='edsmY;"NH='¾ en;k'piu='"tV=' er;ma='p:y; qEsiu¾m�'kE¾siu¾

lY='¨mn'cV; pY®¾NH®¾l;pu®kiu er"s;"ef;'¨ps�'>

ås0:dc;ec;='mY;"< tmn'et;'ep:lus�' cI"mI"rH;"¨p�' t;rúumi�¾s;" yudamY�i"p�;tt'

tc'ey;k' ¨fc's�'> eyrHrul='¨mi�¾Â p�;s='yU¨pI" f;rirHEmY;"qEtV=' ex:='"ez;='

¨fc'l;s�'> sUs�' qiuaxYin'tV=' xrc'y;n'mY;"kiu alVn'åkm'"tm'"cV; zn'¾kY='xE¾sUfc'

s�'> siu¾es;'¨=;"l�'" eyrúus�' sU¾q®siu¾ rUp:ru®Â epòl;¨pI"en;k'sU¾ ask't;�

W"t�'xYk' a;"lu®"e¨p;='"lEsV;"s�'> zy'¾NHc'elk'lVn'pI"en;k' xrc'et;'�st='"

ck;"kiu eh;e¨p;rn' kYy'pn'¾cV; xrI"qVk'x='"ct='xE¾s�'> qiuaxYin'k;ltV=' sUs�'

xx

as='"et;'mY;"NH='¾ tc'W"xY='"q®siu¾ c;ec;='ae¨m;k'a¨m;" er"s;"xE¾s�'> éc;

ec;='mY;"qEmH /mµsc'kYm'"tV=' p:0='es;tc'zy'¾su®"ec;='kiu ep:lu�ås0:dc;ec;='

mY;" huexòs�'>

eeeerrrr;;;;mmmmååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;;eeeecccc;;;;====''''<<<< er;mås0:dc;ec;='s�' ep:lu�c;ec;='mY;"qEtV=' arH�'zu®"

NH='¾a¨p�'¾cu®zu®"¨fc's�'> sU�c;ec;='amY;"cus�' lUmY;"tiu¾a;" xrc'et;'aeåk;='"kiu

sVn's=''¨x='"NH='¾ as='"et;'mY;" fVE¾c�'"¨x='" erH¾ez;='lm'"¨pes;enr;¨mi�¾mY;"ÂrHies;

xrc'y;n'aup'cumY;"atVk' ¨fc's�'> sUs�' er;m¨mi�¾Â enqiu='es;xrc'y;n'mY;"q®siu¾

éc;ec;='kiu er"s;"xE¾es;'l�'" qiuenr;siu¾ sUmer;k'fU"p:> eadI57pt'0n'"kY='tV='

sUs�' grip�'tV=' rHis�'> sU�zN¶rHis�'¾atiu='"er;m¨mi�¾siu¾ xrI"mzk'Nui='es;eåk;='¾

sU�sVn's='zu®"mxYk'mY;"kiu éc;ec;='tV=' er"s;"xE¾s�'> �='"c;ec;='s�' xrc'

y;n'yu®åk�'x='"� ae¨xx®smµ;tr;"mY;"kiu stirHicV; er"s;"ef;'pq;"¨x='" ¨fc's�'>

eeeekkkk;;;;rrrriiiiNNNN§§§§����ååååssss0000::::ddddppppqqqqmmmmNNNNHHHH====''''¾ ¾¾¾ dddduuuuttttiiiiyyyycccc;;;;eeeecccc;;;;====''''<<<< ek;riN§�ås0:dc;pqmNH='¾ dutiyc;ec;='mY;"

s�' gritiu='"¨p�' et;='piu='"ÂrHies;¨mi�¾tc'xu¨fc's�'¾ ek;riN§�¨mi�¾rHi xrc'y;n'mY;"q®siu¾

ep:luer"xE¾es; c;ec;='mY;"qEk NHc'ec;='fc's�'> éc;NHc'ec;='qEmH pqmc;ec;='

tV=' ep:lus�' qiuenr;rHi xrc'y;n'mY;"aåk;"tV=' ¨fc'pV;"es;¨pSn;axY�i¾kiu e¨frH='"

ã sU¾q®siu¾ piu¾q;"xE¾es;sUtiu¾� em"xVn'"mY;"kiu ae¨fep"s�'> éc;ec;='mY;"tV='ÊÊxrc''

y;n'c�'"lu®"�IMVt'x='"< qim'"¨m;"¨x='"< mtr;"es;mIqun'p�¨x='"< l='my;"kV;rH='"¨x='"<

yudlUmY�i"mY;"�/el¾qu®"c®cs�'tiu¾ p:0='s�'> axn'"åkI"tc'zy'¾su®"s�' sUtiu¾�¨pSn;

a;"lu®"kiu e¨frH='"es;xYc'xY='"emt ;NH='¾pt'sk's�'¾ sU�ekY;'åk;"es;er"s;"

xYk's�' aqU"cit'0=''c;"fVy'ek;='"s�'> dutiyc;ec;='s�' ek;riN§�¨mi�¾s;"mY;"�

pqmc;ec;='a;" tu¾®®¨pn'¨x='"kiu zk'lk'ef;'¨pq;"s�'>

ggggllll;;;;ttttiiiiååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;;eeeecccc;;;;====''''<<<< gl;tiås0:dc;ec;='s�' gl;timi�¾rHixrc'y;n'mY;"åk;"tV='

rHies;¨pSn;asI"sI"kiu e¨frH='"ep"s�'> ep:lus�' qiuenr;tV=' xrc'y;n'st='"

ck;"kiu eh;e¨p;xE¾ pI" as='"et;'axY�i¾kiu fVE¾c�'"qUeq;='xE¾s�'> qiu¾en;k' yud.;

s;er"zr;tc'fV E ¾tiu ¾s�' qiuenr;siu ¾sV;"ã eyrúu�mHn'kn'es; sVn's='¨x='"mH

alVn'x;"n;"es; ayUaztxY�i¾kiu sVn's='xE¾s�'> é¨psn;s�' xk'xEes;¨pSn;

tc'xufc's�'> a.y'¾eåk;='¾ziues;' �='"tV=' .ur;"sx='NH='¾ lUtc'ey;k'�ek;='"mVn'

zk''cp'¨x='"atVk' ae¨xx®mY;"p:0='es;eåk;='¾ ¨fc's�'> qiuaxYin'tV=' ep:lus�'

gl;ti¨mi�¾siu¾ xrI"msV;"Nui='es;eåk;='¾ éc;ec;='tV=' qiu¨pSn;kiu ¨p='"qn'cV; r='

ziu='xE¾s�'> er;mås0:dc;ec;='kE¾siu¾ xrc'y;n'yu®åk�'¨x='"� a/ikaxYk'mY;"ef;'

¨pq;"es;'l�'" a¨x;"es; aeåk;='"r='"tc'xueåk;='¾ ¨fc's�'>

ep:lus�' ����ffffkkkk''''ååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;;eeeecccc;;;;====''''kiu eq;='qEmH er"s;"xE¾s�'> siu¾es;' enr;NH='¾axYin'

s�' mesxY;ep> éc;ec;='�a/ikr�'rVy'xYk'mH; .ur;"sx='�aåk®ac�'s�'

xxi

lUs;"a;"lu®"tiu¾kiu xrc'et;'�aup'ciu"múuea;k'tV=' atUtkVexòez;='rn' ¨fc's�'>

ep:lus�' xrc'y;n'mY;"a;" sUtiu¾�ask'rH='enqiu='x='" tc'ey;k'NH='¾tc'ey;k'

mYHtcV; enqiu='rn'NH='¾ sUtiu¾atVk' .ur;"sx='�r�'rVy'xYk'siu¾ lu®"lu®"lY;"lY;" zk'

kp'ap'NH®rn' tiuk'tVn'"Núui"ez;'s�'>

ep:lus�' ffffiiiilllliiiipppp¹¹¹¹i iiiååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;;eeeecccc;;;;==== 'kiu er;m¨mi�¾eq;='qEmH er"s;"xE¾s�'> qiuaxYin'tV='

ep:lus�' axk'axEamY�i"mY�i" r='ziu='enxE¾es;'l�'" .ur;"sx='a;" y®uåk�'kiu"c;"

es;eåk;='¾ éc;ec;='s�' 0m'"e¨m;k'epY;'rÃ='x='"NH='¾ ¨p�'¾cu®s�'> ep:lus�' filip¹imi�¾

rHixrc'y;n'mY;"kiu tiuk'tVn'"a;"ep"rn'NH='¾ sUq®siu¾ piu¾xE¾es;e=Veåk"er" eq;k'p®¾múua

tVk' ekY"jU"t='eåk;='" er"s;"xE¾s�'>

ep:lus�' eeeekkkk;;;;eeeellll;;;;ssssEEEEååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;;eeeecccc;;;;==== 'kiu a;rHmiu='"n;" (tUrkI)ÂrHies;ek;el;sE

¨mi�¾rHias='"et;'a;" dukÅep"ens�'¾ mH;"yV='"es;sVn's='xYk'tc'xY�i¾kiu r='ziu='rn'er"

s;"xE¾s�'> éc;ec;='�axY�i¾es;apiu='"mY;"s�' �fk'ås0:dc;ec;='NH='¾ z='tU

s�'> ep:lus�' xrc''y;n'ask'rH='¨x='"tV=' rHis='¾es;lk'etV¾s='xn'"c;tc'xY�i¾kiu

ep"ap's�'>

sssskkkk''''ssss;;;;eeeellll;;;;nnnniiiitttt''''ååååssss0000::::ddddppppqqqqmmmmNNNNHHHH====''''¾ ¾¾¾ dddduuuuttttiiiiyyyycccc;;;;eeeecccc;;;;====''''s�' ep:lu�pqmzu®"er"s;"es;

c;ec;='mY;"qEmH ¨fc's�'> m;eked:ni¨p�' (gritiu='"¨p�'e¨m;k'piu='")siu¾ ep:lu�pqm

xrI"cw'tV=' sUs�' sk's;el;nit'¨mi�¾s;"mY;"a;" xrc'y;n'st='"ck;"kiu eh;

e¨p;xE¾s�'> lUmY;"cV;tiu¾s�' yu®åk�'l;xE¾es;'l�'" tiuet;='"es;axYin'k;l¨pI"mH

ep:lus�' qVk'xV;xE¾rs�'> ep:lus�' lUmY;"a;"sUtiu¾�yu®åk�'¨x='"asc' tV='

xVn'a;" ep"rn'er"s;"xE¾s�'> sUs�' lUtiu¾n;"ml�'xE¾s�'¾ axY�i¾es;ar;mY;"< a

qU"s¨f='¾ xrc'et;'¨pn'l�'åkVer;k'l;¨x='"kiu emYH;'l='¾¨x='"NH='¾ pt'sk's�'¾ar;

mY;"kiul�'" e¨p;¨pxE¾s�'>

ttttiiiieeeemmmm;;;;eeeessssååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;;ppppqqqqmmmm<<<< dddduuuuttttiiiiyyyycccc;;;;NNNNHHHH====''''¾ ¾¾¾ ttttiiiittttuuuuååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;;eeeecccc;;;;====''''tiu¾s�' ep:lu�kVy'

lVn'x:nI"es;axYin'tV=' sU�r='"NHI"es;aep:='"aef;'NHc'W"q®siu¾ er"s;"¨x='"¨fc's�'>

ep:lus�' tiem;esa;" �fk'mi�¾Â�='"< titua;" keretkVJn'"Â�='" qiuenr;ÂrHies;

as='"et;'mY;"�lup'ez;='xYk'NH='¾ afVE¾ac�'"NH='¾ziu='es; ¨pSn;mamY;"kiu kU�Ie¨f

rH='"rn'q;"xE¾s�'> tiem;esNH='¾ titutiu¾s�' lVt'lp'es;wI"ez;='múuNH='¾ lup'ez;='

múumY;"atVk' éenr;ÂrHies;as='"et;'mY;" ¨p='z='r;tV=' kU�Irn' ¨fc's�'>

tiem;esås0:dc; pqmec;='NH='¾ tituås0:dc;tiu¾tV=' ep:lus�' ex:='"ez;='mY;"

erV"xYy'¨x='"atVk' axY�i¾es;lm'"�Vn'xYk'mY;"kiu�='"< ¨pSn;amY�i"mY�i"NH='¾ ae¨xaen

amY�i"mY�i"kiu kiu='tVy'e¨frH='"rn'atVk'�='"< �Vn'åk;"xYk'mY;"kiu ep"s�'> tiem;es

ås0:dc;dutiyec;='s�' ep:lu�ask't;Â en;k'zu®"axk'xEmH r='ziu='es;enr;

¨fc's�'¾eq;='qEmH er"q;"¨x='"¨fc's�'> ep:lus�' tiem;esa;" sUÂrHies;yu®

åk�'¨x='"< rEr='¾¨x='"NH='¾ s�'"x®¨x='"c®nmUn;mY;"kiu liuk'elYH;k'rn' tiuk'tVn'"q;"s¨f='¾

xxii

éc;ec;='s�' a;"ep"¨x='"< aåk®ep"¨x='"mY;"NH='¾ mY;"NH='¾¨p�'¾cu®s�'>

ffffiiiieeeellllmmmmuuuunnnn''''ååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;;s�' ek;el;sE ås0:dc;ec;='kiu er"s;"es;axYin'Â ep:luer"

s;"xEes;c;ec;='tiutc'ec;=' ¨fc's�'> ek;el;sE¨mi¬¾Â xrc'y;n'tc'W"¨fc'sU

fielmun's�' ep:lu�lÃm'"miu"¨x='"a;"¨f='¾ xrc'y;n'tc'W"¨fc'l;xE¾sU qVk'e¨p"sV;"es;

kVJn' åsensim'� sx='¨fc's�'> éc;ec;='s�' åsensim'a;" xV='¾lÃt'rn'NH='¾ ¨pn'

l�'lk'x®rn' fielmun'q®siu¾ ep:lu�asn;"x®c; ¨fc's�'> ep:lu�c;ec;='mY;"a¨p='

a¨x;"es;eyrúu�tp�'¾et;'mY;" er"s;"xE¾es; c;ec;='rHc'ec;='rHis�'>

eeeehhhh¨bbbbEEEEååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;;kiu er"es;sUkiu msixE¾res;'l�'" eyrúukiu yu®åk�'es; yudlUmY�i"

yu®åk�'sUmY;"q®siu¾ er"s;"xE¾eåk;='" q='rH;"s�'> sUtiu¾s�' eyrúukiu yu®åk�'¨x='"mH

zVEqut'x®r¨x='" aN r;y'ÂriHåks�'> éc;ec;='s�' qiuxrc'y;n'mY;"� yu®åk�'x='"kiu

a;"ep"rn'NH='¾ a;"sn'ecrn' er"s;"¨x='"¨fc's�'> c;er"sUs�' xp'sim'"es;ar;

a;"lu®"tiu¾aepòtV=' eyrúus�' aqVt'aqip'¨fc'eåk;='"kiu a/ikef;'¨pq;"s�'>

sUs�' eyrúu�q;0ryj'per;hit' ¨fc'¨x='"NH='¾ Òpiuek;='"es; p$i�;w'tr;"Ós�'

/mµeh;='"ext'yj'per;hit'mY;"NH='¾ Òpqmp$i�;w'tr;"Ó qk'piuã ek;='"mVn'eåk;='"

sVn's='s�'> c;er"sUs�' lUtiu¾a;" .ur;"sx='atVk' ask'rH='rn'NH='¾ sU¾kiu kiu"

c;"rn'a;" ep"¨x='"a;"¨f='¾ azu®"st's�'>

.ur;"sx='NH='¾eyrúu�aecx®tc'ey;k'¨fc'et;'mUes; yyyy;;;;kkkkuuuupppp''''mH er"s;"ef;'¨pq;"

es;c;ec;='tV=' Òlk'etV¾Ó hUes;ck;"lu®"kiu a¨mEtm'"asu®"¨p�s�'> axY�i¾es;

lUtiu¾s�'é sUkiueyrúu� �Itc'ey;k'hu q='m='åks�'> y;kup's�' tr;"mYHt¨x='"

z='"rEes;sUkiu kU�I¨x='"< el;klUs;"mY;"NH='¾ mit'ezVfVE¾¨x='"< w;,'p�;< kiuy'¾

kiukiuy' qin'"xY�p'x='"< dukÅz='"rEx='"NH='¾ cu®cm'"eNH;='¾yuk'x='"< åk;"n;¨x='"NH='¾ lup'ez;='

¨x='"< yu®åk�'¨x='"NH='¾ akY='¾tui¾�aeåk;='"mY;"kiu sVn's='q;"s¨f='¾ sUs�' yudlUmY�i"

tc'ey;k'fc'eåk;='" q='rH;"s�'> sUs�' lUtiu¾a;" jVEmelY;¾.E zuet;='"rn'l�'"

tiuk'tVn'"s�'>

rrrrHHHH====''''eeeeppppttttrrrruuuuååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;; ppppqqqqmmmmeeeecccc;;;;====''''NNNNHHHH====''''¾ ¾¾¾ dddduuuuttttiiiiyyyyeeeecccc;;;;====''''tiu¾s�' enr;edsasI"sI"mY;"tV='

enqiu='åkes; xrc'y;n'mY;"q®siu¾ tmn'et;'eptrua;"¨f='¾ er"s;"xE¾¨x='"¨fc's�'>

eptrus�' ékE¾siu¾es; xrc'y;n'mY;"a;" sUtiu¾�ask'rH='es;emYH;'l='¾¨x='"NH='¾

ek;='"k='ÂrHies; cc'mHn'es;sUtiu¾�enaim'aeåk;='"kiu sVn's='er"s;"xE¾s�'> sUtiu¾

s�' xk'xEes;axYin'k;lmY;"kiu r='ziu='enres;'l�'" .ur;"sx='s�' sUtiu¾kiu

mcVn'¾pc'xE¾s�'¾aeåk;='" eptrus�' sUtiu¾a;" siecs�'> sUtiu¾�dukÅe0dn;mY;"eåk;='¾

sUtiu¾piuã ek;='"mVn'lim'¾m�'> .ur;"sx='s�' eyrúuxrc'a;"¨f='¾ sUtiu¾�a¨pc'mY;"kiu

xV='¾lÃt'xE¾¨pI" sUtiu¾kiu ek;='"åkI"ep"xE¾¨pI¨fc'eåk;='" eptrus�' sUtiu¾a;" ¨pn'l�'

stiep"xE¾s�'> sUtiu¾s�' e¨f;='¾mt'es;ask'rH='¨x='"a;"¨f='¾ ¨pn'l�'tu®¾¨pn's='¾

s�'> eptruås0:dc; dutiyec;='tV=' tmn'et;'åkI"s�' mic½;zr;mY;"kiu r='ziu='xE¾

s�'> sUs�' cc'mn'es;asip�;NH='¾ xrc'et;'�dutiyaåkim'åkVl;¨x='"aeåk;='"kiu

xxiii

sVn's='er"s;"s�'>

rrrrHHHH====''''eeeeyyyy;;;;hhhhnnnn''''ååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;; ppppqqqqmmmm<<<< dddduuuuttttiiiiyyyyNNNNHHHH====''''¾ ¾¾¾ ttttttttiiiiyyyycccc;;;;eeeecccc;;;;==== 'mY;"kiu tmn'et;'ey;hn'k

er"s;"xE¾s�'> ey;hn'�emt ;NH='¾ziu='es; c;ec;='mY;"s�' .ur;"s='k yu®åk�'

sUmY;"a;" a¨mElk'x®m�'¨fc'eåk;='¾ siecs�'> .ur;"sx='�aliuet;'atiu='" lup'

ez;='x='"NH='¾ a¨x;"es;lUmY;"kiu xYc'xY='"a;"¨f='¾lUtiu¾s�' .ur;"sx='kiu xYc'eåk;='"

¨psrn' ey;hn's�' sVn's='er"s;"xE¾s�'> dutiyNH='¾ ttiyc;ec;='mY;"s�'

xrc'y;n'tiu¾a;" axY='"xY='" xYc'åkrn' tiuk'tVn'"¨pI" mek;='"es;a¨p�amUmY;"NH='¾

mic½;per;fk'mY;"kiu zn'¾kY='stiep"s�'>

yyyyuuuuddddååååssss0000::::ddddcccc;;;; er"sUs�' rH='y;kup'��Itc'ey;k'¨fc'¨pI" eyrúu��Il�'"¨fc'Niu='s�'>

éc;ec;='s�' sc�;rHix='"atVk' tiuk'tVn'"ã mic½;zr;mY;"NH='¾ dukÅpSn;kiu fn'tI"

es;sUmY;"a;" pV='¾l='"cV; zn'¾kY='e¨p;zius�'>

rrrrHHHH====''''eeeeyyyy;;;;hhhhnnnn''''����bbbbYYYY;;;;ddddiiiitttt''''kkkkYYYYmmmm''''""""s�' /mµsc'kYm'"rHia¨x;"es; kYm'"aup'a;"lu®"mH ¨x;"n;"

s�'> ékYm'"aup's�' pu®ez;='xYk'ck;"mY;"kiu ¨m='¾m;"cV; asu®"¨p�¨pI" rH='ey;hn'

¨m='xE¾es;rúup:ru®mY;"kiu e¨p;¨ps�'> mY;"cV;es; pu®ez;='xYk'mY;"NH='¾ t='c;"e¨p;ziu

¨x='"mY;"tiu¾s�' /mµeh;='"kYm'"mH ¨fc'ã /mµeh;='"kYm'"NH='¾ Núui='"yHw'x='"a;"¨f='¾ ek;='"

mVn'cV; se.;ep:k'n;"l�'Nui='s�'> éen;k'zu®"kYm'"s�' xrc'y;n'tiu¾kiu lm'"¨pkU�I

mces;.ur;"sx='NH='¾ xrc'et;'�tn'xui"a;"¨f='¾ nt'ziu"�a;,;tn'xui"aepò en;k'

zu®"ea;='pVEkiu axui='am;e¨p;zius�'>

ssssmmmmµµµµ;;;;kkkkYYYYmmmm''''""""cccc;;;;NNNNHHHH====''''¾ ¾¾¾ eeeexxxxtttt''''sssscccc''''cccc;;;;fffftttt''''ssssUUUUmmmmYYYY;;;;""""

ssssékYm'"c;aup'mY;"s�' kVJNu'p'tiu¾�/el¾qu®"c®mH alVn'¨x;"n;"es;sUmY;"a

tVk' lVn'xE¾es;NHc' ep:='"eq;='ep:='"mY;"cV;k er"s;"¨x='"¨fc'eåk;='" yen¾c;ft'sU

mY;"s�' cit'qEtV=' q;"rHis='¾s�'> qiuaxYin' ask'rH='enqiu='sUtiu¾s�' sUtiu¾�/el¾

qu®"c®NH='¾ asip�;a;"¨f='¾ smiu='"a¨fc'apYk'mY;"< s;/kmY;"NH='¾ kiu"k;"xYk'mY;"kius;

n;"l�'Nui='xE¾es;'l�'" s;mn'a;"¨f='¾ kYm'"c;er"s;"xYk'mY;"s�' a/ikkYes;

aåkV='"amHn'tr;"aepò W"t�'s�'> wpm;< eyrúus�' e¨mzIlÃ;amY�i"mY�i"rHies;

ly'kV='" mY�i"ec¾åkEes;lUtc'ey;k'aeåk;='"kiu e¨p;xE¾s�'> qiuaeåk;='"ar;mY;"

s�' ek;='"mVn'cV; se.;ep:k'Nui='xE¾es;'l�'" eyrúuyUxE¾es;wpm;mH s='xn'"c;s�'

qiuaxYin' siu¾mhut' qiuenr;rHi lUmY;"atVk' kiuk'�Is�'>

kYm'"c;Â ef;'¨pq;"es;tiu='"¨p�'mY;"s�' yen¾c;ft'sUmY;"atVk' tmY�i"qU"zn'"

Nui='s�'> /el¾qu®"c®mY;"< se.;q;"mY;"< lUtiu¾ck;"mY;"e¨p;pu®s�' se.;ep:k'n;"

l�'rn' xk'xENui='s�'> éar;mY;"s�' yen¾ext'lU enmúuaz='¾atn'"a;"¨f='¾ zu®"

¨ft'rn' ms=¾'elY;'.E qiuenr;NH='¾ axYin'k;l�lUenmúuaz='¾atn'"a;"¨f='¾s; �='"

ar;mY;"kiu st'mHt'zu®"¨ft's='¾s�'> kYm'"c;s�' sip¹®.;s;c;aup'tc'aup'kE¾siu¾

xxiv

er"s;"xE¾¨x='" mhut'eåk;='" st'mHt'rn'l�'" alVn'aer"åkI"s�'> �='"s�' smiu='"

a¨fc'apYk'mY;"kiu a/ikef;'¨prn'NH='¾ qiua¨fc'apYk'mY;"� a/ip¹:y'kiu sk'er;k'

múumY;"kiu lUs;"a;"lu®"tiu¾a;" t='¨prn' er"s;"¨x='" ¨fc's�'> kYm'"c;�sVn's='¨x='"

mY;"tV=' sip¹®p�;a;"¨f='¾ n;"ml�'Nui='es; tel;klu®"NH='¾ziu='s�'¾ smµ;tr;"mY;"

p:0='s�'> smµ;kYm'"c;s�' lUtiu¾�0i�;w'er"ziu='r; a/ikliuap'xYk'mY;"kiu ¨f�'¾cVk'

ep"es;eåk;='¾ �='"s�' yen¾tiu='ea;=' zIelY;'s�'>

m�'sUmziu smµ;kYm'"c;kiu siliues;cit'NH='¾ ft'es;sUs�' akY�i"a¨mt'mY;"cV;tiu¾kiu

rrHirn'emYH;'kiu"Nui='s�'> sUtiu¾s�' erH"eh;='"lUmY;"tiu¾�/el¾qu"®c®mY;"NH='¾ smiu='"w;,'

p�;mY;"tiu¾kiu el¾l;lim'¾m�'> sUtiu¾s�' eyrúuxrc'�ask't;NH='¾ sVn's='múumY;"kiu

s='yU¨pI" sU�en;k'liuk'et;'¨fc'rn' hUes;ck;"�ziuliuxYk'kiul�'" silim'¾m�'>

sUtiu¾s�' acVm'"rHies;ask'rH='¨x='"NH='¾ epY;'rÃ='múuNH='¾¨p�'¾cu®es; ask'tatVk'

lk'etV¾s='xn'"c;mY;"kiu s='yU¨pI"0i�;w'piu='"kiu si¨m='Nui='es;a/ikar;kiu rrHilim'¾

m�'> sUtiu¾i�ask't;Â axk'xEzu®"es;em"xVn'"mY;"atVk' ae¨fmY;"kiu etV¾lim'¾m�'>

qiu¾eåk;='¾ ékYm'"aup'kiu ft'¨x='"a;"¨f='¾ ek;='"es;ar;mY;"cV;tiu¾kiu rrHiNui='¨pI"�='"

kYm'"aup'kiu pV='¾l='"cV; siliues;cit'NH='¾ ft'es;sUmY;"s�' sUtiu¾�ask't;atVk'

.ur;"sx='�aliuet;'kiu etV¾rHilim'¾m�'>

xxv

License Agreement for Bible TextsWorld Bible Translation Center

Last Updated: September 21, 2006

Copyright © 2006 by World Bible Translation CenterAll rights reserved.

These Scriptures:

• Are copyrighted by World Bible Translation Center.• Are not public domain.• May not be altered or modified in any form.• May not be sold or offered for sale in any form.• May not be used for commercial purposes (including, but not limited to, use in advertising or Web banners used

for the purpose of selling online add space). • May be distributed without modification in electronic form for non-commercial use. However, they may not be

hosted on any kind of server (including a Web or ftp server) without written permission. A copy of this license (without modification) must also be included.

• May be quoted for any purpose, up to 1,000 verses, without written permission. However, the extent of quotation must not comprise a complete book nor should it amount to more than 50% of the work in which it is quoted. A copyright notice must appear on the title or copyright page using this pattern: “Taken from the HOLY BIBLE: EASY-TO-READ VERSION™ © 2006 by World Bible Translation Center, Inc. and used by permission.” If the text quoted is from one of WBTC’s non-English versions, the printed title of the actual text quoted will be substituted for “HOLY BIBLE: EASY-TO-READ VERSION™.” The copyright notice must appear in English or be translated into another language. When quotations from WBTC’s text are used in non-saleable media, such as church bulletins, orders of service, posters, transparencies or similar media, a complete copyright notice is not required, but the initials of the version (such as “ERV” for the Easy-to-Read Version™ in English) must appear at the end of each quotation.

Any use of these Scriptures other than those listed above is prohibited. For additional rights and permission for usage, such as the use of WBTC’s text on a Web site, or for clarification of any of the above, please contact World Bible Translation Center in writing or by email at [email protected].

World Bible Translation CenterP.O. Box 820648Fort Worth, Texas 76182, USATelephone: 1-817-595-1664Toll-Free in US: 1-888-54-BIBLEE-mail: [email protected]

WBTC’s web site – World Bible Translation Center’s web site: http://www.wbtc.org

Order online – To order a copy of our texts online, go to: http://www.wbtc.org

Current license agreement – This license is subject to change without notice. The current license can be found at:http://www.wbtc.org/downloads/biblelicense.htm

Trouble viewing this file – If the text in this document does not display correctly, use Adobe Acrobat Reader 5.0 or higher. Download Adobe Acrobat Reader from:http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html

Viewing Chinese or Korean PDFs – To view the Chinese or Korean PDFs, it may be necessary to download the Chinese Simplified or Korean font pack from Adobe. Download the font packs from:http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/acrrasianfontpack.html