MSc Material Science Project Presentation

8/12/2019 MSc Material Science Project Presentation

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ByMUHAMMED SABEER N.A

REG.NO.:WMALMPH005

POST GRADUATE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

(Accredited by NAAC with A grade)

W.M.O ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE

MUTTIL-WAYANAD

2011-2013


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Matter

-substance or particle having rest mass

-substance that makes up all observable physical objects

-proton, neutron and electron have both rest mass and volume

-quark and leptons having rest mass but no effective size or volume

-photons are not matter because neither rest mass nor volume

Types of matter

- solid, liquid, gas and plasma

-Bose-Einstein Condensate, Fermionic Condensate and quark-gluon plasma

Types of solids

-amorphous solid: coal, glass, plastic, rubber, etc.

-crystalline solid: graphite, diamond, NaCl, metallic oxides, etc.

-polycrystalline solid: ceramics, metals, etc.


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Lattice parameters

-lattice, basis, unit cell

Crystal systems and Bravais lattices


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Index system for crystal planes-Miller indices


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Plane-spacing equations


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Rotational energy

Vibrational energy Electronic energy


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Introduction

-metal oxides: easy, cheap, safe and environmental friendly synthesis

-energy harvesting and storage, photonics, sensors as well as medical and

biological applications

-ZnO: cheap replacement of Si and GaN, fabrication of transistors,FETs and

LEDs, applications in UV/blueoptoelectronics, transparent electronics, spintronics,

sensors piezoelectric transducers, varistors, and as a transparent conducting

electrodes and sunscreen, ointments, facial powders, catalyst, lubricant additives,

paint pigments


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Introduction

bottom up : chemical synthesistop down : film deposition, milling, lithography

advanced methods : sol-gel, precipitation, inert gas condensation,

ion sputtering, laser ablation

Precipitation method

- for oxides, carbonides, sulphides, selenides, halides synthesis

- stoichiometric constituents dissolved to get thestock solution

- decomposition of stock solution gives oxide

concentration of solution : shape

rate of precipitation : shape and size

reaction temperature : size

annealing temperature : size and other properties


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Chemical reaction

zinc sulfate + ammonium bicarbonate basic zinc carbonate

basic zinc carbonate zinc oxide

Stoichiometry

ZnSO4 : 287.54 gm/mol 1.5 mol/l 86.262 gm for 200ml

NH4HCO3 : 79.06 gm/mol 2.5 mol/l 39.53 gm for 200ml

calcining


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Experimental procedure

Cleaning: Tap water, distilled water, acetone, nitric acid.

1. Prepare stoichiometric solutions of reactants

2. Drop by drop mixing of 100ml ZnSO4and 126ml NH4HCO3using magnetic

stirrer at 45C

3. Filter the white precipitate and washing using centrifuge

4. Drying at 800Cfor 45 minutes and cool to room temperature

5. Calcining the precipitate at 500C for 1 hour

6. Crushing and powdering , then annealing at two different temperatures

3000C, and 6000C for 3hrs


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Introduction

- to understand the structure-property correlation of the material

1. XRD

- interaction of X-rays with plane- diffraction from reflection

- particular angle for each plane

- high intensity of particular plane


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XRD Analysis

-crystal structure, lattice parameters, crystallite size, stress analysis

Peak intensity variation due to annealing

Peak shift towards lower scattering angle during annealing

Peak broadening and narrowing due to crystallite size


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2. SEM/EDX

-morphology: shape, mono size, mono shape, mono dispersion

-elemental analysis, purity of sample, contaminants

3000C 6000C


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3. FTIR

-functional groups


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4. UV-VIS

-optical band gap

Blue shift from bulk ZnO, 380nm

Annealing ,band gap edge tailoring


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CONCLUSION

1. XRD

- hexagonal, determined a, c and D

- annealing: crystallinity, growth, stress

2. SEM/EDX

- spherical, growth, sulphur contaminant

3. FTIR

-sulphur contaminant, metal-oxygen vibration

4. UV-VIS

- optical band gap 3.4eV


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Thank You

for

Your Attention

MSc Material Science Project Presentation

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