List of M.Sc Approved Course (Semester System) 1 st Semester Geological Processes Cr-Hr. 2+1 Env.Sci-511 Objects: To introduce students to the components of natural Environment with an earth science perspective including processescompositiondistri!utionand natural c"cles of the atmosphereh"drosphere and !iosphere. #dentif" ma$or glo!alregional and local scale issues arising from interaction with the manmade environment. 1. %escri pt ion of Envi ronment rati onal e a!out concernsfundamental pr inci pl essustaina!le developmentnatural&manmade components. 2. Th e Li th os pher e: a. 'iner als( Silic ate ) *on-si licat ealt erati on proc esses !. oc,s( #gneous'etamorphicSedimentar"roc, c"cle c. Soil( ormationCompositio nr ofil e Cl assi ficationd. /eomo rphic r ocesse s( 0ea theri ngErosi onive rs/la ciers 0inde. /eological Haards ( Ear thua,es3olcanismfloods4and sl iding f. 4ife and it s af fec ts in t he l ithosphere 3. The Hy dros pher e: a. H"dr ologic C"cle( %e fini tionmechan ism of trans fer!. ivers&Stream( T"pes discharge&runofferosion&transportation&depositi onsuspendeddissolves and !ed loadwater availa!ilit"ualit" c. /ro und 0ate r( /round water ones water ta!leauife rsnatu ral spr ingsrecharge&dischargeeffects of geolog" on water ualit". d. ceans ( 0at er comp osit ionCir culat ion6 wa vescu rrent sand t ides. e. Est uar ies and coas tal processes f. 4if e and it s af fec ts in t he h" drosphere. 4. The atmosphere: a.7tmosphere( CompositionHeat !udgeStructureCirculation0ind s"stemsair massesfronts ) depressionsevaporation ) condensationhumidit"fog ) cloudsthunder storms6 tornadoes ) hurricanes !. 0eather ) Climate( Climatic controlsclassification tropicaltemperatepolarlocal influencesclimatic varia!ilit" ) trends. 5. Environmental #ssues( a. /lo !al Scal e( one la" er deple tio n/reen house effe ct and glo!a l warmi ng7cid rain. !. egional Scale( %roughtdesertificationatmospheric tur!idit" c. 4ocal Scal e( 7i r wate r and soil. ollutionsolid and li uid waste disposal geolog" and healthhealth and Environmentopulation growth8r!aniationdeforestationwater logging and salinit"noise. Field work:
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Objects: To introduce students to the components of natural Environment with an earth
science perspective including processes composition distri!ution and natural c"cles ofthe atmosphere h"drosphere and !iosphere. #dentif" ma$or glo!al regional and local
scale issues arising from interaction with the manmade environment.
1. %escription of Environment rationale a!out concerns fundamental principlessustaina!le development natural&manmade components.
2. The Lithosphere:
a. 'inerals( Silicate ) *on-silicate alteration processes
Objecti#es: To ena!le students to identif" important pollutants in the environment thecharacteristic and to9ic effect of these pollutants on human !eings and other living
organisms and to empower them to understand anal"tical techniues for the
determination of these pollutants in la!oratories.
1. ollution definition nature and t"pes !iological chemical and radioactive
contaminants.
2. rigin and transmission of pollutants air water and noise pollution6 mechanismand medium for their diffusion and industrial effluents.
>. #oniing and non-ioniing radiation their !iological effects components of
Environmental radiations.
@. 7 general stud" of selected Environmental pollutants 7rsenic Cadmium 4ead'ercur" other 'ineral contaminarts 7s!estos Car!on 'ono9ide one and
photochemical o9idants o9itdes of *itrogen luorides *itrates ) *itrites.5. *ature and e9tent of pollution in a,istan #ndustrial and Traffic pollution and
contamination through %omestic Sewage and 0aste.
$%&T'&%L'onitoring of chemical pollution
1. Sampling techniues for chemical 7nal"sis of 7ir and water.
2. %etection of organic and #norganic pollutants in water and air >. #nstrumentation for detection of pollutants and to9ic materials.
aG Spectrophotometr"
!G lame photometr"cG aper chromatograph"
ield visit to industrial sites to stud" industrial and municipal effluent.
%efinition and classification and applications of applied ecolog".
2. Habitats a"d iomes
%efinition and concept of ha!itat ecological niche classification Fterrestrialfresh water marine and estuaries ha!itatG =iomes Frain forest deciduous
forest desert savanna and tundraG with special reference to a,istan.
3egetation t"pe of a,istan FTropical Su!- Tropical Temperate Su!-alpine
and 7lpine.G
>. &omm,"ity a"d H,ma" e"#iro"me"t
The !iotic communit" concept intra communit" classification ecologicaldominance species diversit" and ecotone.
4. (colo)ical S,ccessio"
Strateg" of ecos"stem development clima9 and evolution of ecos"stem.
H"drosere and erosere with local e9amples.
/. $op,latio" (colo)y
opulation its distri!ution natalit" mortalit" ) growth rate population
fluctuation dispersal population age structure and human population in
a,istan
<. H,ma" a"d ("#iro"me"t
Evolution of Homosepians stages of development impacts of various stageson environment ph"Sciochemical environment and the human health.
;. $hysiolo)ical cha")es a"d e"#iro"me"tal i"!l,e"ce 'alnutrition and congenital malformation chromosomal a!erration and
cancer
. ("#iro"me"tal stress a"d sociolo)ical disorders Social environment of the Human F3iolence Crimes mental disorders drug
addiction and corruptionG. Communica!le and non-communica!le diseases.Current status of communit" health in a,istan and *ational Health olic"and its limitations.
• 7uatic Crustaceans etc their identification and life stages stud".
2. %etermination of =iological 9"gen demand F=%G for wastewater samples.>. E9amination of !lood.@. E9amination of Coliform =acteria in the samples of wastewater.
ooks ecomme"ded:
1. dum E. . F1:;1G. Iundamental of Ecolog"J. 0.=. Saudnders ) Co.
hiladelphia.2. Hussain . F1::G. Iield and 4a!orator" 'anual for lant Ecolog"J 8niversit"
/rants Commission ress #slama!ad.
>. Hussain . ) #llahi #. F1::1G. IEcolog" and 3egetation of 4esser Himala"as
Fa,istanGJ. Dadoon eshawar.@. 'ali, T. 7. F2@G. Ilant h"siolog" and Ecolog"J Te9t!oo, of =otan". The
Caravan press %ar!ar 'ar,et 4ahore.
5. amalingam S. T. et al F1::G. I'odern =iolog"J. 7frican a. E pu!lishers4imited in association with E #nternational rivate 4imited
<. Striling .%. F1::<G I Ecolog"6 Theories and 7pplicationsJ 2nd edition rentice
Hall 8pper Saddle iver *ew Derse" ;@55 4ondon 8A.;. =ush '.= F1::;G I Ecolog" of a Changing lanetJ rentice Hall 8pper Saddle
%efinition and concept of Environmental related Human health pro!lems u!lic healthconcept and communica!le and non-communica!le diseases water !orne food !orne andsanitation related disease and control measures ccupational Health( pro!lems and
issues prevention and control 7ccident prevention and safet" plans safet" techniues
Ergonomic and safet". rimar" health care services principle and practices. /overnment
policies and programs.
ecommended =oo,s
1. Caeneross S.1::>. Environmental Health Engineering.
0ille" #ntersciences.
2. Bassi 7 A$elllstrom T de Ao, T and /udotti T4 21.=asic Environmental Health 1st ed. 9ford 8niversit" ress *ew Bor, 8S7
>. *e!el = D and 0right T 1::. Environmental Sciences
FThe 0a" the 0ould 0or,sG 1st ed. rentice Hall #nternational #nc 4ondon 8A.@. 4ippmann '. 3an *ostrand and einhold 1::2
Environmental To9icants FHuman E9posure and their Health EffectsG. 1st ed *ew
Bor, 8S7.
5. ar, A 22. ar,Ls Te9t !oo, of reventive and Social'edicine 2nd ed. '&S =anarsid.
Objects: To introduce students to the components of natural Environment with an earthscience perspective including processes composition distri!ution and natural c"cles of
the atmosphere h"drosphere and !iosphere. #dentif" ma$or glo!al regional and local
scale issues arising from interaction with the manmade environment.
@. %escription of Environment rationale a!out concerns fundamental principlessustaina!le development natural&manmade components.
The students will !e e9posed to different t"pes of roc,s their formation natural processes degraded ecos"stems and other local Environmental #ssues. 7 field report
will !e reuired of the students for evaluation.
e!ere"ces
11. 'ontgomer" C.0. 1::;. Environmental /eolog" <th edition 'c/raw Hill
!$ective( To give students a theoretical foundation for conducting meaningful researchusing important methods of research. The main emphasis of the course will !e on
formulation and solution of different research pro!lems. 8se of statistical parameter data
processing and output through computers. =i!liographic searches report writingciting&listing references in reports&dissertations. The interpretation of the result will !e the
central.
1. esearch %esign urpose of esearch 8nits of 7nal"sis time %imension.2. How to design a esearch ro$ect Conceptualiation choice of 'ethods
Elements of a esearch roposal.>. perationaliation perationaliation choices and #llustrations /uidelines for
as,ing uestion and uestionnaires construction.
@. Surve" esearch self-administered uestionnaires #nterview and other surve"
methods their strength and wea,nesses.5. The logic of sampling( concepts and terminolog" population and sampling
frames t"pes of sampling designs.
<. ield studies( Steps in the conduct on a field stud"( formulation of a researchdesign pre-testing of research instruments and procedures.
;. Evaluation research How to carr" out evaluation research e9perimental design
and use of indicators in research.
. 7nal"tical tools in research ualitative and uantitative methods statisticalanal"sis.
:. 8nivariate !ivariate and multivariate anal"sis.
$ractical work
1. /raphic tools in Environmental lanning and management scope and utilit".
2. 'anual and computer aided graphic representation of ualitative and uantitative.Envtl data line area and valume s"m!ols
>. 7!stracting and !i!liographic searches.
@. #ntroduction to graphic construction of three-dimensional maps and diagrams.
5. 'aps( features and properties6 ro$ection s"stems6 coordinate s"stems t"pes6
various t"pes of map pro$ections.e!ere"ce
1. 0iliam 'ichelson I =ehavioral esearch 'ethods in Environmental designJDophn widl" *ew Bor, 1::5.
2. E.. =a!!ie ISurve" esearchJ 0adsworth u!lishing compan" =elmont
californis 1::.>. E.. =a!ie IThe practice of Social esearchJ 0ads worth u!lishing compan"
!$ective( To train students on the identification occurrences and distri!ution ofnatural resources their current status and threats 8se of interdisciplinar"
approach for sustaina!le management of the natural resources.
1. #ntroduction( natural resources its uses threats internal and e9ternalmanagement and sustaina!le management of natural resources
2. %evelopment of 'anagement lan( needs reuirement process and contents
of the management plan.
>. 0atershed management( #mportance !aSci principles methodologies nationale9ample forest t"pes and its e9isting management.
@. angeland 'anagement( e9isting status importance threats causes andmethods for its improvement.
5. 0ater esources 'anagement( 7vaila!le waters resources threat and its
causes effective management.
<. isheries 'anagement( T"pes of fishes in a,istan e9isting situation reasonfor decline and its potential in the national econom" management options.
e!ere"ces:
1. /oldsmith .= and 0arren 7. 1::>. Conservation in rogress Dohn 0ille" )Sons6 *ew Bor, 8S7.
2. earce ) Turner 1::. Economics of *atural esources and the Environment
d. #mage processing corrections enhancement classificatione. #mage displa" hard cop" stereoscop" interpretation ,e"s
f. reparation of thematic maps
g. 7pplications
$ractical
HT/7''ET7B ) E'TE SE*S#*/
1. esources inventories techniues for carr"ing out resource surve"s and
inventories monitoring and evaluation tools.
2. 'ethods of interpretation and identification of important features from aerial photos and satellite imageries.
>. 4and-us mapping from aerial photos to demarcate !road categories ie. Cultivatedland cultiva!le waste forests pastures settlements and water !odies etc.
@. role of remote sensing in Environmental monitoring of natural and man-made processes such as flooding volcanism land-sliding oone la"er depletion water
pollution deforestation soil erosion water logging and salinit".