MRSM TERENDAK
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MRSM TERENDAK
Awesome physics 2
PRECAUTION STEPS FOR
INVESTIGATIVE EXPERIMENTS
NO. TYPE OF
EXPERIMENT INVOLVING
PRECAUTIONS THAT CAN BE TAKEN
1 Light a. Do the experiment in a dark room to get clear and sharp image b. Lens, screen and object must be in line and of same level c. Make sure our eyes perpendicular to the reading of meter
rule to avoid parallax error
2 Spring a. Make sure the spring is not loaded beyond the elastic limit (spring return to original length when load is taken off)
b. Make sure our eyes perpendicular to the reading of meter rule to avoid parallax error
3 Electric / Electronic a. Make sure all the connections are correctly and tightly b. Switch off the circuit after taking the reading to avoid over
heating of the wires (resistance increase) c. Make sure our eyes perpendicular to the reading of
ammeter / voltmeter to avoid parallax error
4 Heat a. Stirred the liquid constantly, so the temperature rises evenly b. Aluminium block must be wrapped with insulating material to
prevent heat lost c. Thermometer bulb should be smeared with oil to give better
thermal contact with the block d. Make sure our eyes perpendicular to the reading of
thermometer to avoid parallax error
5 Measuring instrument such as ammeter, voltmeter, meter rule etc.
Make sure our eyes perpendicular to the reading of ......................... (instrument) to avoid parallax error
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PAPER 3 (SECTION A NO. 2)
SBP 2012
1. A student carries out an experiment to determine the electromotive force, E and the internal resistance, r of a dry cell. The student uses four resistors with different values of resistance, R but the same number of dry cells and e.m.f, E of the cell.
Diagram 1.1
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(a) Based on the graph as shown on Diagram 1.1; (i)
State the relationship between 1
Iand R.
.................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Determine the value of
1
I, when the R = 0 Ω.
Show on the graph, how you determine1
I.
[2 marks]
(iii) The value of
1
I, when the R = 0 Ω is given by the formula
10.4r
I ,
where r is the internal resistance of the cell. Calculate r.
[2marks]
(b) The electromotive force, E, of the cell is given by the formula,
1m
E , where, m, is the gradient of
the graph.
(i) Calculate the gradient, m, of the graph.
m = .....................................................
[3 marks]
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(ii) By using your answer in b(i), determine the value of emf, E.
[2 marks]
(c) State two precautions that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the reading in this experiment. .................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
TOTAL 12 marks
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EXTRA QUESTION
2. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the length, ℓ, of an elastic cord pulling a trolley and the acceleration, a, of the trolley as it moves down an inclined plane. The experiment is carried out using a ticker-timer and ticker-tape. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph of a against ℓ in Diagram 2.1.
Graph of a against ℓ
Diagram 2.1
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(a) Based on the graph as shown on Diagram 2.1; (i) What happens to a as ℓ increases?
...............................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Determine the value of ℓ0 when a = 0 m s−2. Show on the graph how you determine the value of ℓ0.
ℓ0 = ………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
(b) (i) Calculate the gradient, h, of the graph. Show on the graph how you determine h.
h = .....................................................
[3 marks]
(ii) The spring constant, k, of the spring can be determined by the following formula:
k = mh where h is the gradient of the graph and m is the mass of the trolley. In the experiment, m = 0.7 kg. Calculate the value of k.
k = .....................................................
[3 marks]
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(c) The student repeats the experiment using another trolley of mass, m = 0.8 kg and the same elastic cord is pulled to a length, ℓ = 0.15 m.
Using the formula o
ka = × ( - )
m and the value of k in 14(b)(ii), calculate the acceleration, a, of
the trolley.
a = .....................................................
[2 marks]
(d) State one precaution that can be taken to increase the accuracy of the experiment. ...............................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
TOTAL 12 marks
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EXTRA QUESTION 2014
3. A student carried out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the velocity, v, and the time taken, t, when a wooden block slides up a rough inclined track. The results of this experiment are shown in the graph of v against t in Diagram 3.
Graph of v against t
Diagram 3
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(a) Based on the graph as shown on Diagram 3; (i) State the relationship between v and t.
...............................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Determine the value of t when wooden block stops moving. Show on the graph, how you determine the value of t.
t = ……….. s [2 marks]
(iii) Calculate the gradient, h, of the graph.
Show on the graph how you determine h.
h = .....................................................
[3 marks]
(b) (i) Calculate the area under the graph, A, from t = 0 until t = 8.0 s.
[2 marks]
(ii) The displacement, s, of the wooden block at t = 8.0 s can be determined by the formula
2hts = 272 +
2 where h is the gradient of the graph.
Calculate the displacement, s, at t = 8.0 s.
[2 marks]
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(c) What will be the change in the gradient of the graph if the experiment is repeated with an iron block placed on top of the wooden block? ...............................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the accuracy of the readings of this experiment. ...............................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
TOTAL 12 marks
Awesome physics 12
TRIAL NEGERI KELANTAN 2012
4. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the image distance, v, and the linear magnification, M of a convex lens. The result of experiment is shown in Diagram 4.1.
Diagram 4.1
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(a) (i) What happen to M as v increases? .................................................................................................................................................. [1 mark]
(ii) Determine the value of v when M = 0. Show on the graph how you determine the value of v.
v : .................................................. [2 marks]
(b) The focal length of the lens is given by the formula f = k, where k, is the gradient of the graph V against
M.
(i) Calculate the gradient, k, of graph. Show on the graph how you calculate the value of k.
k = .............................................. [3 marks]
(ii)
Using the formula 1
Pf
, and the value of k in 2(b)(i), calculate the value of P.
[1 mark] (c) The magnification of image, M is 2.5. (i) Based on the graph in Diagram 2.1 determine the image distance, v.
Show on your graph how you determine v.
v : .................................................. [2 marks]
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(ii) The formula of lens is given by;
vuf
111 .
Calculate the object distance, u.
[2 marks]
(d) State one precaution that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the reading in this experiment. ..................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
TOTAL 12 marks
Awesome physics 15
TRIAL NEGERI SELANGOR 2012
5. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the distance between two loudspeakers, a, and the distance between two consecutive loud sounds, x. The distance between the speakers and the location where the sound is detected, D, is 5.0 cm.
Diagram 5.1
The results of the experiment are shown in the graph x against 1
ain Diagram 5.2.
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 5.2; (i)
State the relationship between x and 1
a.
...................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark] (ii) Determine the value of x if a = 2.0 m.
x = ............................................................. [3 marks]
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(iii) Calculate the gradient, m, of the graph. Show on the graph how you determine the gradient of the graph.
m = .............................................................
[3 marks] (b)
Using the value of the gradient obtained in 5(a)(iii) and the equation ax
=D
, calculate the wavelength
of the sound waves, λ, used in this experiment.
[4 marks]
(e) State one precaution that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the readings in this experiment.
...................................................................................................................................................[1 mark]
TOTAL 12 marks
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Diagram 5.2
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EXTRA QUESTION
6. Diagram 6 shows a graph of IC against IB of an experiment to investigate relationship between the base current and collector current.
IC against IB
Diagram 6
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(a) Based on the graph, (i) State the relationship between IC and IB.
...................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark] (ii) Determine the value of IC if IB = 3.0 μA
[3 marks]
(iii) Calculate the gradient of the graph, m. Show on the graph how you determine the gradient
m = .............................................................
[3 marks]
(b) Given by the following equation :
CE
B
II =
I
Where, IE is the emitter current IC is the collector current IB is the base current Using the value of gradient of graph, m obtained in a(iii), calculate the emitter current.
IE = .............................................................
[4 marks]
(e) State one precaution that should be taken for this experiment.
................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
TOTAL 12 marks
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PLANNING EXPERIMENT INFERENCE RV depends on MV
HYPHOTESIS MV increase, RV increase OR
MV increase, RV decrease
AIM To investigate the relationship between ……….MV……….. and ……….RV…………….
VARIABLES MV : RV : FV :
LIST OF APPARATUS
ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS
PROCEDURE
TABULATE DATA
MV RV
ANALYSING DATA
RV
MV
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INERTIA: Time taken for one complete oscillation // Period
PRESSURE IN LIQUID: Different height in manometer
VOLUME OF GAS: Length of mercury or sulfuric acid // Length of trapped air
STRENGTH OF ELECTROMAGNET: Number of pins attracted
SPEED OF ROTATION: Height of magnet bar released
BRIGHTER: Current flow
Awesome physics 22
Experiment based on instrument: NO. INSTRUMENTS EXPERIMENT
Pendulum Simple pendulum
Hacksaw blade Inertia
Slotted weight, spring Hooke’s law
Ticker tape F=ma
Marble, lead shot, measuring cylinder Buoyant force
Eureka can Buoyant force
Syringe Boyle's law
Round bottom flask, bourdon gauge Pressure law
Sulphuric acid Charles' law
Beaker, pin real +apparent depth
Glass block, ray box refraction of light
Mirror, ray box reflection of light
Speakers, sound generator Interference of sound
Pins, solenoid strength of electromagnet
Awesome physics 23
EXAMPLE 1
Diagram 1.1 shows a diver is diving in swimming pool. Diagram 1.2 shows the same diver is diving in sea water. He dives at the same depth, but he feels his ear sick when he diving in the sea water.
Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2
CLUE CAUSE
(MV) EFFECT
(RV) EXPERIMENT
1. Swimming pool & sea water 2. Different density (ear sick) 3. Pressure increase 4. Same depth Density
Pressure (different height in
manometer)
PRESSURE IN LIQUID
Awesome physics 24
EXAMPLE 2
Diagram 2 shows two similar coffee maker A and B, containing different amount of coffee on similar hot plates stove. The coffee makers are heated by turning on the power supply of the hot plate. After few minutes, it was observed that the coffee in coffee maker B is hotter than the coffee in coffee maker A.
Diagram 2
CLUE CAUSE
(MV) EFFECT
(RV) EXPERIMENT
1. Two similar coffee 2. Different amount of coffee 3. Similar hot plates stove
Mass Change of
temperature
HEAT
( Q mc )
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EXAMPLE 3
Diagram 3.1 shows Amin points the laser to the plane mirror and sees the reflected ray at point A. In Diagram 3.2, he points the laser with different angle and sees the reflected ray at point B.
Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2
CLUE CAUSE
(MV) EFFECT
(RV) EXPERIMENT
1. Same plane mirror 2. Different incident angle, different
reflected angle
Incidence angle Reflected angle REFLECTION OF
LIGHT
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EXAMPLE 4
Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show water is drop at constant rate into large containers. The cross–section of the water waves formed from the droplets in the containers are shown in the diagrams.
Diagram 4.1 Diagram 4.2
CLUE CAUSE
(MV) EFFECT
(RV) EXPERIMENT
1. Water is drop at constant rate. 2. Diagram 4.2 – deeper 3. Diagram 4.1 – shallow 4. Depth increase, wavelength
increase
Depth Wavelenght REFRACTION OF
WAVE
Awesome physics 27
EXAMPLE 5
Diagram 5.1 shows a bicycle’s dynamo which has a magnet and a coil of insulated copper wire. The output of the dynamo is connected to a bicycle lamp. The lamp will light up when the cylindrical magnet is rotated by turning the wheel. Diagram 5.2 shows the light gets brighter when the wheel turns faster.
Diagram 5.1 Diagram 5.2
CLUE CAUSE
(MV) EFFECT
(RV) EXPERIMENT
1. Dynamo (electromagnetic induction)
2. Wheel turns faster, light gets brighter
3. Turns faster (increase in rotation) height of magnet bar release
4. Brighter current
Height of magnet bar release
Induced Current ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION
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