Mrs Shah and Mrs Bush. The structure of a sentence. Grammatically correct sentences are sentences which make sense. The boy flew his paper plane over.

Mrs Shah and Mrs Bush

In the summer term 2016, children at the end of Key Stage 1 will sit new SATs papers. That means that if your child is currently in Reception or Year 1, they will be among the first pupils to take the new test.

At the end of Year 2, children will take SATs in:- Reading-English grammar, punctuation and spelling- Maths

It is very likely that in the next few years there will be tests in Year 3 or Year 4 for English grammar, punctuation and spelling just like the SATs.

What is Grammar?The structure of a sentence. Grammatically correct sentences are

sentences which make sense.

The boy flew his paper plane over the large house.

The boy flies his paper plane over the large house.

The boy’s paper plane over the large house.

The English language has a number of different classes of words which all have

different parts to play in a sentence.

Nouns are used to name people, animals, places and things.

The goat’s afternoon was ruined when a flock of birds swooped down and

snatched the piece of bread from Emily’s hand.

Pronouns are words that take the place of a noun.

She gave them a guitar lesson.

Verbs- Describe what a person or thing is doing or being.

Josh looked everywhere for his broken skates.

Adjectives are words or phrases that describes nouns or pronouns.

The weary painter painted the walls in his blue, green and white overalls.

Determiners- placed before a noun and help define it.

Several furious members of the coven held a meeting on their broomsticks.

“That witch has nine shrieking bats!” they grumbled.

Prepositions- describes where something is e.g. under, nearby, next to.

They raced down the hill and through a stream and stopped next to a bridge.

Conjunctions connects words, phrases and clauses.

Flora tried to water her roses and sunflowers, but the hose burst. She cut

both the hedge and the tree because they were too tall.

A noun is an object – a person, place or thing.

True

An adjective is an action word.

False

An verb is a describing word.

False

An adverb describes how the verb is done.

True

A preposition describes where something is.

True

A pronoun takes the place of a verb.

False

Phrases are a group of words that make up a part of a sentence.

The drummer, very red-faced, strode angrily across the stage.

Clauses are a group of words which contains a subject and a verb. There are two different types; main clauses and subordinate clauses.

Main clauses are the same as a simple sentence and make sense on their own.

The cat slept.

Subordinate clauses do not make sense on their own and need the main clause for its meaning.

The cat slept because the cat was lazy.

All sentences need a subject (a noun or pronoun) an action (a verb) and an object

(another noun or pronoun)

The raccoon climbed the tree.

The children read a book.

There are different types of sentences which vary in complexity.

Simple sentences which has a main clause.The chef cooked dinner.

Complex sentences which is made up of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.

The chef cooked dinner because his friends were coming over.

Compound sentences are made up of two main clauses which are joined by a conjunction.

The chef cooks dinner yet he hates chicken.

Look at these lists of nouns and verbs. Pick one from each and make a sentence that makes sense.

e.g. The boy rushed downstairs and ran outside.

Nouns Verbsenginegroanedpencil stoletree snappedwindow revvedburglar rattled

Think of two animals and write a sentence about each using two adjectives and an adverb.

e.g. The old dairy cow moved slowly to the milking shed.

Pick the correct word for each sentence below.

1. We was / were eating cake.2.I was / were eating cake.

3.Jimmy go / goes to school with me.4.I go / goes to school with Jimmy.

5.My dogs takes / take me for a walk.6.My dog takes / take me for a walk.

7.We are /am brilliant at grammar.8.I are / am brilliant at grammar.

Change all the underlined verbs from the past tense to the present tense.

1.I ran all the way home.2.He hides under the table.3.I waved at the queen and shouted.4.I was thinking about my maths.5.They were running towards the hill.6.We were making lots of mess.

Now write a sentence in the past tense and then rewrite it in the present tense.

Use the correct verb in each sentence below:

are is has have

1. Benny and James ___________ gone outside.2. The dogs ___________ sitting by the fire.3. Sammy ____________ remembered his homework.4. My football coach __________ teaching me how to

dribble.5. Elephants ______ wonderful animals.6. I love my bags. They _____________ beautiful.7. School uniform __________ better than mufty.8. He _____ gone away on holiday.

Pick the correct word or words from the options for each sentence below:

1. The window was broke / broken / broked / breaked by the ball.

2. Mandy writ / wrote / witten / has wrote a letter.

3. Benjie has eaten / eated / ate / eaten a large cucumber.

Use I or me for each sentence below:1. I wanted Dad to watch ________ in the football match.2. He walked to school with Danny and ____ .3. My teacher told Terry and ____ to collect the books.4. Eddie came to school with Jim and _____ .5. Ben and ____ are going to the cinema tomorrow.

Which of these sentences use the correct plural?

a. The childs are eating lots of cake.b. Gentleman usually wear trousers or shorts.c. The children enjoyed watching the play.

Select the correct plural for each sentence.

1. The child / children / childs are playing on the field.2. Women / woman / womens / womans are welcome to

use the upstairs toilet.3. Sheeps / sheep look nice and warm with their thick coats.4. I like to watch the fishes / fish / fishs at the aquarium.5. My foots / feets / feet ache today.6. The mouses / mice / mices enjoyed the cheese.

The tense of a verb indicates when an action has taken place.Past

We laughed. We cried. We sang. We learnt.

PresentWe smile. We cry. We learn. We sing.

FutureWe shall laugh. We shall cry. We shall learn.

We shall sing.

These are the marks used in writing that help readers understand what they are reading. Full stop CommaExclamation mark EllipsisQuestion mark Semi-colonApostrophe BracketsCapital letters ColonInverted commas

Copy the sentence below, adding the correct punctuation.

that piece of cheese has been sitting on the court since last spring it must have dropped out of someones sandwich or something after a couple of days the cheese started getting all mouldy and nasty nobody would play basketball where the cheese was

SpellingsIt is really important that you help yourchildren to learn their spellings. Confidence inspelling allows children to write morefreely and imaginatively.

You should practise your spellings for 10EVERY day and not just the ones thatteachers give. Remember – the more childrenread and see words around them, the bettertheir spelling will be.

Pupils should be taught to spellby: segmenting words – b/r/oo/m Knowing homophones and near homophones – sun/son, bury/berry

adding prefixes - untidy adding suffixes to spell longer words, including –ment, –ness, –ful, –less, –ly

applying spelling rules

These spellings focus on prefixes and suffixes.

untied unhappy dislike disagree comfortable impossible kindness Accidentally

Can you identify the prefix or suffix ineach word and tell us what they mean?

Vocabulary Does your child have a Thesaurus?

dire terrible ghastly

cruel unpleasant mean

BAD

Look at the underlined words in the sentences below. Replace them with words that have a

similar meaning.

1.He liked eating cake.2.Casey had a nice coat to wear.3.“Ouch!” said Mrs Fox.4.Which of these is the biggest?5.In the dark she felt anxious.6.My favourite book is the one with the red cover.

Now make a list of alternative words for said.

Sort these words into 3 columns: nouns, verbs and adverbs.

to run eat

slowly

very

be

am

casually

cat

cake

monster