The experiences of novices in an enhanced graduated driver licensing (GDL) program in Queensland, Australia Mrs Bridie Scott-Parker, PhD candidate under examination Supervisors: Prof Barry Watson, Dr Mark King, Dr Melissa Hyde Former-GDL data : Dr Lyndel Bates 1
20
Embed
Mrs Bridie Scott-Parker, PhD candidate under examination
The experiences of novices in an enhanced graduated driver licensing (GDL) program in Queensland, Australia . Mrs Bridie Scott-Parker, PhD candidate under examination Supervisors: Prof Barry Watson, Dr Mark King, Dr Melissa Hyde Former-GDL data : Dr Lyndel Bates. Overview . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
1
The experiences of novices in an enhanced graduated driver licensing
(GDL) program in Queensland, Australia Mrs Bridie Scott-Parker, PhD candidate under examination
Supervisors: Prof Barry Watson, Dr Mark King, Dr Melissa Hyde Former-GDL data : Dr Lyndel Bates
2
Overview • Young novice drivers• The Queensland graduated driver licensing (GDL)
Minimum age 17 yearsMust be held 2 years (23-25 yrs); 1 year (P1 issued to driver < 23yrs, driver now ≥ 25 yrs or P1 issued to driver aged 23 yrs, driver now aged ≥ 24 years)Can incur 3 demerit points
Zero alcohol limit (< 25 years)
High-powered vehicle restriction
Must display plates
Method Pre-July 2007GDL Program
Post-July 2007 GDL Program
Recruitment• 2006, early 2007• Recruited in-person from North Brisbane/ Townsville
• April, May, June 2010• Recruited Queensland- wide with Flyer when passed practical test
• 1032 Novices (59% female)• 17-19 years subsample
183 Learners (60% female)
Design and Procedure
• 35-minute telephone interview• One 30-minute telephone interview after 18 months
• 30-minute online/ paper survey• Two 20-minute surveys after 6 and 12 months
9
Methodologies: Pre- and Post-July 2007
Results: Sociodemographics
10
Characteristic Original-GDL(n = 149)
Enhanced-GDL (n = 183) p
Age when P1-licensed (M, SD) 17.5 (0.7) 17.5 (0.7) = .88
Gender (Female) 51.7% 60.7% = .10
Marital Status (Single) 91.3% 98.9% < .01
Education (Year 12) 97.3% 90.1% < .05
Study Status (Studying) 69.2% 82.0% < .01
Employment Status (Working)
89.2% 74.3% < .01
11
Driving Practice
11
CharacteristicOriginal-GDL
(n = 149)Hours (M, SD)
Enhanced-GDL (n = 183) Hours (M, SD)
p
Reported logbook hours – 108.8 (12.7) –
Reported driving practice 63.3 (48.0) 92.4 (24.8) < .001
Driving practice with parents/ friends
52.8 (45.8) 83.3 (25.6) < .001
Driving practice with professional instructor
11.5 (15.8) 9.8 (8.7) = .24
12
Duration, Difficulty and Tests
Characteristic Original-GDL(n = 149)
Enhanced-GDL (n = 183) p
Duration of the Learner period (Months) (M, SD)
12.4 (6.8) 16.5 (5.8) < .001
Difficulty obtaining supervised practice (“Difficult”)
35.3% 23.2% = .14
“Difficult” to practice Females Males
50.0%19.8%
28.0%14.7%
< .05= .82
Gained P1 licence on first attempt
61.5% 68.2% = .21
Number of attempts to pass practical test (M, SD)
1.5 (0.7) 1.3 (0.7) = .09
13
Post July-2007
• When did Learners have most driving practice?– One third “throughout” BUT– 50% of males & 60% of females “mainly at end”
• Continued practising after submitting logbook and waiting for practical driving assessment?– 95% yes
• Logbook accuracy– 83% logbook accurate – 13% ‘some rounding up’– 4% included extra hours
14
• Pre-Licence driving– Reported by 12% of Learners
• Unsupervised driving– Reported by 12% of Learners
• Speeding– 70% of Learners reported speeding by up to 10 km/hr– 32% of Learners reported speeding by 10-20 km/hr– 13% of Learners reported speeding by > 20 km/h– Learners continue speeding at greater amounts and
more frequently as Provisional 1 (P1) drivers
Compliance with GDL/ General Rules [1]
15
• Punishment avoidance– Some Learners (and P1) drivers reported their parents
took the demerit points on their behalf– Some Learners successfully talked themselves out of
a ticket for the same offence on multiple occasions, or multiple simultaneous offences were missed by Police
– One quarter of males reported that they actively avoided on-road Police presence
Compliance with GDL/ General Rules [2]
16
Implications [1]
• Longer Learner period, same age L P – Overall longer Learner duration BUT no difference in age
of independent licensure– BUT ‘Older’ young novices report more difficulty/ longer
Learner duration/ more unsupervised driving/ greater logbook inaccuracy
• Practice– More practice, = more safe? (reduced crashes/ offences)– Less difficulty in obtaining supervised practice (females)– ‘Most at end’: persistent practice effects vs ‘cramming’? – Not practising after submitting logbook: focus upon
accruing hours?
17
Implications [2]
• Non-compliance and punishment-avoidance– Suggests supervisors (most commonly parents and
friends) are • complicit, or • less-effective than they could be• {NB will be discussed further by Prof Barry Watson}
– Punishment-avoiders/ Police-avoiders more risky drivers in general
18
Strengths and Limitations• Self-report data (surveys, interviews)
– Difficult to investigate behaviours any other way• Low response rate in online surveys/ high attrition
for longitudinal research, despite incentives – Young novice drivers difficult to recruit/ retain
• Greater participation of females– Separate gender analyses
• Generalisability of findings (small, matched sample for GDL-comparison)– Results need to be confirmed by larger-scale
evaluations
19
Questions?
Contact Details: Bridie Scott-Parker, PhD Candidate under examination.