Mr. Marston Dominion Christian High School Marietta, GA.

Mr. MarstonDominion Christian High School

Marietta, GA

Chapter ObjectivesExplain how geography, economics, and

cultural diversity affect the population of Latin America

Discuss how Latin America’s history continues to affect the region’s politics today

Describe how Latin American culture is affected by religion

539 million people 9% of the world’s population Ancestors of peoples who migrated to

North America were the first people to settle Latin America

Indigenous: people descended from an area’s first inhabitants. Are they native to the area or just came sooner than others?

Do exercise on page 212 (1,2) Discuss

What are the maps on the next slide showing?? Time period?

Indians: Mexico, Central America and South America (Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia)

Descendants of Aztecs and Incas

Europeans: Spanish and Portuguese descendants at first (British, French, and German in smaller numbers)

Argentina/Uruguay: immigrant nations.

Africans: first came to work sugar plantations in the Caribbean and in Brazil

Asians: came as temporary workers (Guyana, for example)

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.south-images.com/ecuador/indians-andes-9749.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.south-images.com/photos-indians-ecuador-chimborazo.htm&usg=__GvkqyCa4VLc9oP_BvR9HgaDBd1M=&h=398&w=580&sz=89&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=Aa9Am7nacGWJiM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3DAndes%2BIndians%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1

Spanish: primary language Portuguese (Brazil) French: Haiti, Martinique, St. Martin English: Belize, Jamaica, and Guyana Native Indian languages Dialect: particular form of a language

unique to a person or group. Examples of dialects in the United States?

213 (1-2) Most are bilingual: speak more than one

language Patois: dialects that blend elements of

indigenous, European, Asian, and African languages. Gullah in the United States??

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/suriname/Surinam_Stamp_Files/images/surinamemap.gif&imgrefurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/suriname/surinamStamps.htm&usg=__oB1QCvMMTeWQZOabOw4Jz_wclL4=&h=353&w=328&sz=10&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=i_i2qCSYvo6mRM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwhere%2Bdo%2Bpeople%2Blive%2Bin%2Bsouth%2Bamerica%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1

Live in 1/3 of regions land 350 million in South America: most along the coast“Populated rim”Interior of South America: rain forests, deserts, mountains,

and poor soilCoastal regions: better climates, fertile soil, and easy access

to transportation systemsLargest area where people live in South Americaa. Amazon River mouth to Buenos Airesb. Venezuela to ChileWhere they don’t livea. Amazon to Venezuelab. Patagonia

138 million: Central America and Mexico 37 million: Caribbean

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/suriname/Surinam_Stamp_Files/images/surinamemap.gif&imgrefurl=http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//resources/stamps/suriname/surinamStamps.htm&usg=__oB1QCvMMTeWQZOabOw4Jz_wclL4=&h=353&w=328&sz=10&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=i_i2qCSYvo6mRM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwhere%2Bdo%2Bpeople%2Blive%2Bin%2Bsouth%2Bamerica%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1

Relatively low in South America because of size of countries

Very High in the Caribbean Mexico: relatively low for the countryExtremely high in Mexico City with over

18 million people (30,000 plus per square mile)

North: to United StatesPolitical freedomEconomic opportunitiesImproved living conditionsWhat states do they live in?Internal migration: Rural to Urban areasDifficult to make life as farmer: land is

scarceUrbanization: the migration of people

from the countryside to cities as well as change to a more urban society

p. 216 (1-2)

Mexico City Sao Paulo Rio de Janeiro Buenos Aires

Top 20 cities in the world. Other populated cities in the world?

Megacities: cities that have expanded into the surrounding areas to have a population over 10 million people

Puts stress on infrastructureSafe drinking waterUnderground sewersNew utilitiesStreet maintenancePrimate city: an area that dominates its

country’s economy, culture, and political affairs

People move to cities for the following reasons

Higher incomesMore educational opportunitiesBetter housingIncreased access to health care

Jobs and housing can become scarce and living conditions can be substandard

Engineering marvel Save 7,000 miles from going around

South America Panama Canal Live Shots

Panama Canal Journey

Maya Aztec Inca

Mayan Calendar

Mayan temple video

Calendar: accurately measured 365 day solar year

Glyphs: picture writings carved on stone. About 500 in use

AstronomyCould predict solar eclipses

MathematicsConcept of zero

Aztec 3 d-Temple

Central Mexico

Human Sacrifice/Cannibalism Defined Class Structure: Nobility, Priests,

Merchants, Slaves and Peasants Agriculture: Crop CultivationsChinampas: Fertile land areas that were

constructed on rafts using the mud from the bottom of Lake Texcoco. (Maize, avocadoes, beans, squash, tomatoes) Chocolate.

Used canoes to transport food back from islands.

p. 221 (1-2)

Constructed massive temple structures Used terracing Constructed mountain roads Domestication of animals (alpaca and

llama) Quipu: knotted cords to keep record of

financial transactions

Believed in reincarnation Cranial deformation among nobility Architectural accomplishments: stone

temple construction Coca plants were sacred No written language

Machu Pichu video

Spanish Conquistadors: explorers/conquerors

Hernan Cortes (Aztec)Francisco Pizarro (Inca)1494: World divided between Spain and

PortugalSpain: WestPortugal: East (Brazil)

222 (1-2)

Viceroy: regional representative of the king who “supervised” the running of the colonial empire.

Catholic Church Encomienda System: labor system in

which an individual was given the right to use Indian labor or to tax them in return for educating them in Spanish and Catholicism. Many abuses of Indians took place.

Built cities and towns that served as trading centers and seats of government

Plantations grew coffee, bananas and sugarcane

Established farms and cattle ranches Indians were not long term answers to

the labor demands of the colonists (died from diseases). Importation of African slaves began in the late 16th century.

Indian treatment by Spanish colonials

Spanish colonists wanted to be independent

Indians and Africans wanted freedom from servitude

Late 1700’s

Started with Haiti and its slave leader, Toussaint Louverture (1804)

Mexico (1821)Most of Latin America was freed by Simon

Bolivar (Venezuela) and Jose de San Martin (Argentina)

Cuba (Spanish American War in 1898) Many Caribbean islands did not gain

independence until the 1900s. Some Caribbean islands are still

dependant (under foreign control)

Strong Dictatorships and not much concern for Human Rights: Legacy of Spanish Empire

Governments run by single party (Mexico)

Military Officers Wealthy Influence of the Church Caudillo: Dictator. Absolute rulers with

sole authority to make decisions.

South American Independence

Cuban Revolution: 1959 Ouster of Bautista and installation of Fidel Castro

Mexico ended one party rule in 2000 Rise of Hugo Chavez in Venezuela

Catholicism Protestant Denominations Islam Hinduism Buddhism

P. 227 (1-2)

Syncretism: blending of religious beliefs into a single faith. (Voodoo Condomble (Brazil), Santeria (Cuba)