Mr Ken Davey Biogas & Bioenergy Fiji Director: Bioenergy & Bioeconomy Development; Ra Provincial Development Company Ltd Fiji Mobile: +679 835 2157 Email: [email protected] Skype: kendavey10
Mr Ken Davey
Biogas & Bioenergy Fiji
Director: Bioenergy & Bioeconomy Development;
Ra Provincial Development Company Ltd
Fiji Mobile: +679 835 2157
Email: [email protected]
Skype: kendavey10
Biogas:
& bioenergy; the proven pathway to the Pacific's energy
independence; & socioeconomic
potential
Takeout messages
•using its indigenous energy resources
•if its to achieve its socioeconomic potential
23% total energy for 90mil people from bioenergy
Supporting one of the most industrialised nations on earth
Germany’s potential 2050 energy mix
Takeout messages •DBFZ; 179 Scientists working on: Bioenergy Systems, Biochemical Conversion, Thermochemical Conv; & Biorefineries
Takeout messages
•For the Pacific, the transformation to a bioenergy future will begin in the Ra Province
Takeout messages
•Ra Province needs & deserves support to realise the full potential of this opportunity
What is Bioenergy
•Importing energy into these energy dense biospheres is akin to importing ice into Iceland
What is Biogas?
•Biogas is a methane rich gas similar to natural gas
•Principal combustible element - methane
•Same as natural gas
How is biogas produced?
•AD passive biological process where organic material is converted into two products
–Biogas
–Digestate
How is biogas produced?
•AD is as old as time itself
•Modern biogas plants harness, control, & optimise this biological process
Biogas is converted solar energy
•Plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide & water into organic material – biomass
Biogas is converted solar energy
•Naturally occurring anaerobic microorganisms convert this biomass into biogas & digestate
Biogas is converted solar energy
•This organic biomass can be processed as an energy crop;
•or in any waste form
•Substrates is the term used to describe what goes into a biogas plant
•The organic biomass
Organic substrates
Organic substrates
• Sugar cane residues • Sugar production
wastes (liquid & solid) • Energy crops (annuals &
perennials) • Manures • Poultry litters • Native vegetation
(native biomass) • Food wastes (liquid &
solid) • Food processing wastes
(liquid & solid)
• Slaughter house wastes (all livestock - all wastes)
• Distillery wastes (liquid and solid)
• Crop residues • By-products from ethanol
& biodiesel production • Organic fraction of urban,
commercial, & industrial sourced wastes
• Sewage sludge's & grease wastes
• Fish processing wastes (liquid and solid)
•Energy in substrates recovered as biogas
•All nutrients recovered in digestate
•There is no waste
Organic substrates
Cogen Trigen embedded
• Cogen & Trigen embedded within industries that require large amounts of thermal energy
Biomethane
•Whatever you can do with natural gas and LPG;
•you can do with renewable biomethane produced 100% from local biomass
Biomethane
•There is entirely too much emphasis on electricity in Fiji
•Too much is expected from the electricity grid
Biomethane
•At some point;
•a stand-alone electricity grid; with no effective competition or support;
It’s all been done before:
at much larger scales than is required to
support energy independence for the
Pacific
German biogas sector
•In 2012,German biogas sector looked like this
•7,500 biogas plants
•predominantly agricultural based systems
•2012 – delivered 22,800GWh of electricity into the grid
•27 x the 823GWh generated by all gen sources in Fiji 2012
German biogas sector
Plus thermal energy
•Billions of kWh of co-generated thermal energy used in support of:
–Domestic
–Commercial
–Industrial
Plus biomethane
•Biomethane is fastest growing sector
•2030 – 10 billion cubic meters of biomethane into the gas grid
German biogas economics
•€7.3billion in annual turnover (FJD$19B)
•45,000 skilled jobs
•materialising in rural & regional areas
European biogas economics
•Germany is just one of 31 Euro biogas Countries
•14,000 plants 8,000MWe
•Rapidly increasing use for transport
•80,000 plus jobs
•Secure domestic power supply
•Substitution of LPG and CNG
•Secure income for rural communities by supporting farmers to plant & sell energy crops
Why?
• …….. to encourage local farmers to form community-based enterprises or cooperatives to cultivate energy crops as feedstock for these biogas power plants. With the aim of supporting local value creation and by means of raising farmers’ income
Why?
•Driven by BiotechCorp
•an incorporated entity owned by the Minister of Finance & Federal Lands Commissioner
Malaysia
•Governed by the Biotechnology Implementation Council
•Advised by the Biotechnology International Advisory Panel
•Chaired by the Honourable Prime Minister
Malaysia
• ….BiotechCorp’s Chief Operating Officer, ……..
pointed out that BiotechCorp as a Bio-Industry
developer will accelerate and enhance the
growth of the bio-based industry, particularly
the biogas industry. He highlighted that biogas
and its subset have been identified as the
crux of our biofuel focus and is an important
cluster under the National Key Economic Area
(NKEA) and Bioeconomy Transformation
Programme (BTP)
Malaysia
• Malaysia consumed about 9.0 billion m3 of Natural Gas in 2013. ……..the industrial sector consumes slightly above 50% and utilizing biogas will feed half of the needs of the industrial sector
Malaysia
•Together; Thailand & Malaysia will have a bioenergy industry that rivals Europe
•What supports this?
Thailand & Malaysia
•Ag waste resource example
•Tops & trash are currently harvested but not collected
Power of tropical biomass
•1,000 tonnes of tops & trash can deliver an energy equivalency of 125,000 – 155,000 litres of diesel
Power of tropical biomass
•Rapidly expanding globally
•20mil tonne/year industry with around 50% internationally traded
Fuel pellets
Fuel pellets vs. imported diesel/HFO Diesel/HFO calculation inputs • Energy content of diesel/HFO - 10.5kWh/L • Diesel fuelled boiler efficiency - 85% • Cost - 200cents/L
Calculation • 10.5kWh/L x .85 boiler efficiency = 8.925kWh of
thermal energy/L • 200cents/L ÷ 8.925kWh = 22.408 cents/kWh
of thermal energy
Fuel pellets
Fuel pellet calculation inputs • Energy content - 4.9kWh/kg (to be
confirmed) • Pellet fuelled boiler efficiency - 85% • Cost - 25cents/kg (estimate)
Calculation • 4.9kWh/kg x .85 boiler efficiency = 4.165kWh
of thermal energy/kg • 25cents/kg ÷ 4.165kWh = 6.002cents/kWh
of thermal energy
Fuel pellets
Ra Province
•Through the sustainable development & use of these natural blessings;
•Ra’s transformation is assured
Transformation of Ra
•Material Flow Management (MFM)
•Circular Economy (CE)
•Local value adding (LVA)
Transformation of Ra
•MFM is about optimising the flow & use of everything that’s materially influential to an outcome
Transformation of Ra
•A CE expands & enhances socioeconomic outcomes by circularising material flows
Transformation of Ra
•These circularised & optimised material flows include:
Energy
Carbon
Nutrients
Water
Transformation of Ra
•Bioenergy platforms
Biogas & biomethane
Fuel Pellets
Biomass to liquids
Ethanol
Biochar
Transformation of Ra
•Invited to present at the International Circular Economy Week in Birkenfeld Germany
Transformation of Ra
•IfaS team headed by 7 professors & around 40 staff
•along with various interns & student assistants
Transformation of Ra
•IfaS has undertaken hundreds RE & MFM Master-Plans as the basis for creating local Circular Economies
SPC Support
•Based on hundreds of RE & MFM Master-Plans & hundreds of implemented Circular Economies
SPC Support
•IfaS can use this modelling to predict the socioeconomic outcomes of a CE before its implemented
SPC Support
•This is crucial in driving investment & support
•& engaging interested commercial stakeholders
SPC Support
•What is learnt through this Ra Master-Plan process can be replicated throughout the Pacific
Thank you
Mr Ken Davey
Biogas & Bioenergy Fiji
Director: Bioenergy & Bioeconomy Development;
Ra Provincial Development Company Ltd
Fiji Mobile: +679 835 2157
Email: [email protected]
Skype: kendavey10