Mr. Ermer World History Miami Beach Senior High. The Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain in the 1780s: Agriculture: vast farmlands, good.

Mr. ErmerWorld History

Miami Beach Senior High

The Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain in the 1780s:

Agriculture: vast farmlands, good weather, transportation, new crops from Americas means more, cheaper food• Population booms

Britain’s wealth encourages entrepreneurs to look for new ways to make money, invest capital

Natural resources many rivers provide water power and transportation, coal and iron plentiful

Large empire provides market for British goods

Steam engine makes production of cotton goods more efficient

Iron production increases, improves Iron plays big part in expansion of

railroads Factory owners want to run machines

all day, so workers now must work in shifts

Industry spreads to Europe at different rates, by 1850 Belgium, France and the German states are industrial and rail is common throughout the continent

1800: 6 of 7 Americans are farmers 1860: Only 50% are farmers

• 9 cities have over 100,000 people Roads, canals and railroads built to

connect vast nation• Steamboats improve water transport

Now factories in Northeast can get goods across country quickly

Cities grow very large, two new, industrial classes emerge: middle class, working class• London: over 1 million people

Cramped living conditions, squalor Industrial Capitalism: economic

system based on industrial production Horrible working conditions for poorly

paid, overworked factory workers Family structure, gender roles change Socialism emerges, system where

“society” owns means of production

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

European powers meet to restore peace European powers meet to restore peace and order after Napoleon’s defeatand order after Napoleon’s defeat

Klemens von Metternich of Austria runs Klemens von Metternich of Austria runs the meeting in city of Viennathe meeting in city of Vienna

Rule of Legitimacy restores kings who Rule of Legitimacy restores kings who were in power before Napoleonwere in power before Napoleon

Balance of political and military power Balance of political and military power is meant to guarantee the is meant to guarantee the independence of Europe’s great powersindependence of Europe’s great powers

Political IdeologyPolitical Ideology

Concert of Europe: meetings of the powers to Concert of Europe: meetings of the powers to share ideas, keep peaceshare ideas, keep peace

Principle of Intervention: powers’ right to send Principle of Intervention: powers’ right to send armies to end revolutions, restore orderarmies to end revolutions, restore order

Conservatism: tradition and social stabilityConservatism: tradition and social stability Political obedience and organized religionPolitical obedience and organized religion Liberalism: based on Enlightenment, freedom Liberalism: based on Enlightenment, freedom

from government restraintfrom government restraint Civil liberties and rights, constitutionsCivil liberties and rights, constitutions Democracy not always favored by liberalsDemocracy not always favored by liberals

NationalismNationalism Nation: community of people sharing common Nation: community of people sharing common

institutions, traditions, language, customs; born institutions, traditions, language, customs; born from French Revolutionfrom French Revolution

Germans want to unite into “nation”Germans want to unite into “nation” Hungarians want own nation, break from AustriaHungarians want own nation, break from Austria New countries would upset peace established by New countries would upset peace established by

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna Liberals like nationalismLiberals like nationalism France: liberals oust King Charles X (1830), France: liberals oust King Charles X (1830),

replaced with Louis-Philippe (cousin)replaced with Louis-Philippe (cousin) Belgium gains ind. from Dutch RepublicsBelgium gains ind. from Dutch Republics

Revolutions of 1848Revolutions of 1848 Louis-Philippe overthrown, Constituent Louis-Philippe overthrown, Constituent

Assembly elected—by universal male Assembly elected—by universal male suffrage—to write new constitutionsuffrage—to write new constitution

Est of Second Republic, Napoleon’s Est of Second Republic, Napoleon’s nephew elected President Louis-Napoleonnephew elected President Louis-Napoleon

Frankfurt Assembly moves to unify Frankfurt Assembly moves to unify GermanyGermany

Movement toward unification of ItalyMovement toward unification of Italy

Concert Of Europe FailsConcert Of Europe Fails

Crimean War: Russia vs. Ottoman EmpireCrimean War: Russia vs. Ottoman Empire 1853: Russia invades Ottoman Balkans, 1853: Russia invades Ottoman Balkans,

Britain and France declare war on RussiaBritain and France declare war on Russia 1856: Treaty of Paris, Russia breaks truce 1856: Treaty of Paris, Russia breaks truce

with Austria, ending Concert of Europewith Austria, ending Concert of Europe Austrians left without friends among Austrians left without friends among

Europe’s great powersEurope’s great powers Austrian Italy and Germany now free to Austrian Italy and Germany now free to

unify with the support of the powersunify with the support of the powers

Italian UnificationItalian Unification Northern Italian state of Piedmont takes lead in Northern Italian state of Piedmont takes lead in

attempted unification after 1848attempted unification after 1848 King Victor Emmanuel II crowned 1849King Victor Emmanuel II crowned 1849 Allies with France, provokes AustriaAllies with France, provokes Austria After fight: France gets Nice & Savoy, Austria After fight: France gets Nice & Savoy, Austria

only keeps Venetia, other Italian states join only keeps Venetia, other Italian states join Kingdom of PiedmontKingdom of Piedmont

Giuseppe Garibaldi, and his Red Shirts, conquer Giuseppe Garibaldi, and his Red Shirts, conquer kingdom of Sicily, cedes control to Piedmont—kingdom of Sicily, cedes control to Piedmont—Kingdom of Italy is est 1861Kingdom of Italy is est 1861

Rome is named the capital of Italy 1870Rome is named the capital of Italy 1870

German UnificationGerman Unification Otto von Bismarck named prime minister of Prussia by Otto von Bismarck named prime minister of Prussia by

King William IKing William I Realpolitik: politics based on realityRealpolitik: politics based on reality Never approved by parliament, war hawkNever approved by parliament, war hawk Defeats: Denmark (1864) Austria (1866)Defeats: Denmark (1864) Austria (1866) German confederation split between Protestant north German confederation split between Protestant north

and Catholic southand Catholic south France nervous, Franco-Prussian WarFrance nervous, Franco-Prussian War Napoleon III captured, France gives up Alsace & Napoleon III captured, France gives up Alsace &

Lorraine, burning for revengeLorraine, burning for revenge 1871: Germany unites as one, Prussia’s King William I 1871: Germany unites as one, Prussia’s King William I

named kaiser of Second German Empirenamed kaiser of Second German Empire

European NationalismEuropean Nationalism

British parliament expands suffrageBritish parliament expands suffrage Queen Victoria ushers age of prosperityQueen Victoria ushers age of prosperity 1852: Louis-Napoleon named emperor1852: Louis-Napoleon named emperor Economy greatly expandedEconomy greatly expanded Hungary gains influence, empire grows and Hungary gains influence, empire grows and

renamed Austro-Hungarian Empirerenamed Austro-Hungarian Empire Russians realize need for change after loss in Russians realize need for change after loss in

Crimean War, Czar Alexander II reformsCrimean War, Czar Alexander II reforms Emancipation of the serfs, land reforms Emancipation of the serfs, land reforms Alexander II assassinated, Alexander III anti-refAlexander II assassinated, Alexander III anti-ref

War of 1812 ushers good national feelings Federal strength vs. States’ power Suffrage expanded to almost all white men Abolition of slavery causes disagreements Southern states secede from the Union 1860s: Civil War between north/south North (Union) wins, southern states rejoin Results in stronger federal government, and

freeing of slaves “one nation, indivisible”

American Nationalism

Upper Canada (Ontario): English speaking Lower Canada (Quebec): French speaking 1837: Rebellions rise against British 1840: British parliament joins two Canadas 1867: British North America Act, creates a

Canadian nation, with constitution Foreign affairs still handled by British

Emergence of Canada

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